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Sekar P, Sadanand Joshi D, Manjunatha M, Mahalingam H. Enhanced disinfection of E. faecalis and levofloxacin antibiotic degradation using tridoped B-Ce-Ag TiO 2 photocatalysts synthesized by ecofriendly citrate EDTA complexing method. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:50765-50779. [PMID: 35239118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its use for photochemical water splitting reported first in 1972, TiO2 is one of the most extensively studied photocatalysts for a diverse range of applications. Monodoping or codoping of the catalyst is a proven strategy to enhance the functionality of TiO2 under solar or visible light. However, the use of three or more dopants in the development of more efficient and visible light active photocatalysts has not been investigated widely, especially for microbial disinfection. Boron/cerium/silver tridoped TiO2 photocatalysts with curated amounts of the dopants (B = 1, 2 at.%, Ce = 0.1 at.%, Ag = 0.06 at.%), synthesized by the ecofriendly EDTA-citrate method, were evaluated for the disinfection of water using Enterococcus faecalis under UV-A irradiation and degradation of levofloxacin antibiotic under solar light. The catalyst characterization revealed that the spherical nanoparticles had a crystallite size of ~ 13 nm and bandgap energy values of 2.8-2.9 eV. 2B-0.1Ce-0.06Ag-TiO2 is the best catalyst for microbial disinfection with a log reduction and kinetic rate constant ~ 30 and ~ 4.5 times higher than those values determined for the other codoped or monodoped catalysts, confirming an enhanced performance. Regarding levofloxacin degradation, the best performing catalyst is 1B-0.1Ce-0.06Ag-TiO2 with degradation of 99% and 83% COD reduction in 100 min. The tridoped photocatalysts are very effective in the inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis, thus solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance in waters containing antibiotic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepti Sadanand Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Manasa Manjunatha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Hari Mahalingam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India.
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Sahoo GS, Tripathy SP, Paul S, Sharma SC, Joshi DS, Gupta AK, Bandyopadhyay T. Effects of high neutron doses and duration of the chemical etching on the optical properties of CR-39. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 101:114-121. [PMID: 25889876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the duration of chemical etching on the transmittance, absorbance and optical band gap width of the CR-39 (Polyallyl diglycol carbonate) detectors irradiated to high neutron doses (12.7, 22.1, 36.0 and 43.5 Sv) were studied. The neutrons were produced by bombardment of a thick Be target with 12 MeV protons of different fluences. The unirradiated and neutron-irradiated CR-39 detectors were subjected to a stepwise chemical etching at 1h intervals. After each step, the transmission spectra of the detectors were recorded in the range from 200 to 900 nm, and the absorbances and optical band gap widths were determined. The effect of the etching on the light transmittance of unirradiated detectors was insignificant, whereas it was very significant in the case of the irradiated detectors. The dependence of the optical absorbance on the neutron dose is linear at short etching periods, but exponential at longer ones. The optical band gap narrows with increasing etching time. It is more significant for the irradiated dosimeters than for the unirradiated ones. The rate of the narrowing of the optical band gap with increasing neutron dose increases with increasing duration of the etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S P Tripathy
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - S Paul
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - D S Joshi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T Bandyopadhyay
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Biju K, Sunil C, Tripathy SP, Joshi DS, Bandyopadhyay T, Sarkar PK. Selection of neutron-absorbing materials to improve the low-energy response of a Zr-based extended neutron monitor using Monte Carlo simulations. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 163:160-165. [PMID: 24891404 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out using the FLUKA code to improve the neutron ambient dose equivalent [H*(10)] response of the ZReC (zirconium-lined portable neutron counter responding satisfactorily to neutrons up to 1 GeV) by introducing various neutron absorbers in the system such as cadmium, gadolinium, natural boron, enriched (10)B and borated polythene. It was found that ZReC can be effectively used as a portable neutron monitor by introducing any one of the following perforated layers: 5 mm thick natural boron, 0.5 mm thick enriched (10)B or 1 cm high-density polythene mixed with 50 % boron by weight. The integral response of the instrument was also calculated for some typical reference neutron fields. The relative ambient dose equivalent response of the said system is also found comparable with that of the existing LINUS neutron monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Biju
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - C Sunil
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S P Tripathy
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - D S Joshi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T Bandyopadhyay
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P K Sarkar
- Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India
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Sahoo GS, Tripathy SP, Paul S, Sharma SD, Sharma SC, Joshi DS, Bandyopadhyay T. Neutron dose estimation via LET spectrometry using CR-39 detector for the reaction (9)Be (p, n). J Med Phys 2014; 39:225-30. [PMID: 25525310 PMCID: PMC4258730 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.144487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CR-39 detectors, widely used for neutron dosimetry in accelerator radiation environment, have also been applied in tissue microdosimetry by generating the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum. In this work, the neutron dose has been estimated via LET spectrometry for 9Be (p, n) reaction which is useful for personnel monitoring around particle accelerators and accelerator based therapy facilities. Neutrons were generated by the interaction of protons of 6 different energies from 4–24 MeV with a thick Be target. The LET spectra were obtained from the major and minor radii of each track and the thickness of removed surface. From the LET spectra, the absorbed dose (DLET) and the dose equivalent (HLET) were estimated using Q-L relationship as given by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60. The track density in CR-39 detector and hence the neutron yield was found to be increasing with the increase in projectile (proton) energy. Similar observations were also obtained for absorbed dose (DLET) and dose equivalents (HLET).
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S P Tripathy
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Paul
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S D Sharma
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - D S Joshi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T Bandyopadhyay
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Thakur M, Gupta H, Singh D, Mohanty IR, Maheswari U, Vanage G, Joshi DS. Histopathological and ultra structural effects of nanoparticles on rat testis following 90 days (Chronic study) of repeated oral administration. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:42. [PMID: 25311086 PMCID: PMC4213469 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have recently received much attention for their possible applications in biotechnology and biomedical. However, little is known about the toxicity in reproductive organs of animal model following exposure to nanoparticles. Objective This study therefore, tried to examine the effects of nanoparticles with a diameter range of 5-20 nm on the histology of the testis of wistar rats and correlate it with Transmission Electron Microscopy results. Materials and methods Sixteen wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 8 rats each. Each group received the following via gavage technique for 90 days: Control Group (Group-1)-tap water; Experimental group (Group 2) - nanoparticles (20ug/kg/day). After ninety days (chronic study), rats were sacrificed and testis tissues was processed for histology and transmission electron microscopic study. Results There was significant difference between the observations of group-1 and group 2. The changes observed in the testis were disarray of the spermatogenic cells and disorientation of the testis. These changes were observed to have been disappearing from normal histological features. Detailed structural damages were observed with TEM analysis, such as depletion of germ cells, germinal cells necrosis, especially in spermatogonia and Leydig cells had an abnormal fibroblast-like appearance, abnormal space between neighboring sertoli cells, mitochondria, lost cristae and vacuolated (none energized) with those animals exposed to nanoparticles. Conclusion It seems that nanoparticles have acute and significant effects on spermatogenesis and number of spermatogenic cells. More experimental investigations are necessary to elucidate better conclusion regarding the safety of nanoparticles on male reproduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansee Thakur
- MGMCET & Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Dipty Singh
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology (NIRRH), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ipseeta R Mohanty
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, MGMIHS, Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ujjwala Maheswari
- Department Pathology, MGM Medical College, MGMIHS, Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Geeta Vanage
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology (NIRRH), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - D S Joshi
- MGMCET & Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. .,Departments of Medical Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Mukherjee S, More K, Badade ZG, Narshetty JG, Joshi DS, Deepak AD, Badade VZ. Lipid Peroxidation, Sperm DNA Fragmentation Total Antioxidant Capacity and Semen Quality in Male Infertility. MGM Journal of Medical Sciences 2014. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10036-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ramteerthakar RN, Joshi DS, Joshi RA, Pote AJ. Bilateral unrotation of kidneys. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011; 22:1033-1034. [PMID: 21912043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
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8
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Sunil C, Shanbhag AA, Nandy M, Bandyopadhyay T, Tripathy SP, Lahiri C, Joshi DS, Sarkar PK. Directional distribution of the ambient neutron dose equivalent from 145-MeV ¹⁹F projectiles incident on thick Al target. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 143:4-11. [PMID: 21030399 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The directional distribution of the ambient neutron dose equivalent from 145-MeV (19)F projectiles bombarding a thick aluminium target is measured and analysed. The measurements are carried out with a commercially available dose equivalent meter at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to the beam direction. The experimental results are compared with calculated doses from EMPIRE nuclear reaction code and different empirical formulations proposed by others. The results are also compared with the measured data obtained from an earlier experiment at a lower projectile energy of 110 MeV for the same target-projectile combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sunil
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Abstract
The study aimed to determine the influence of repeated natural dawn and dusk twilight pulses in entraining the circadian flight activity rhythm of the microchiropteran bat, Hipposideros speoris, free-running in constant darkness in a natural cave. The bats were exposed to repeated dawn or dusk twilight pulses at eight circadian phases. All bats exposed to dawn twilight pulses were entrained by advancing transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 12 h before the lights-on of the pulses, irrespective of the initial phase at which the bats were exposed to twilight. All bats exposed to dusk twilight pulses, however, were entrained by delaying transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 1.6 h after the lights-on of the pulses. The entrainment caused by dawn and dusk twilight pulses is discussed in the context of the postulated two photoreceptors: the short wavelength sensitive (S) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dusk twilight, and the medium wavelength sensitive (M) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dawn twilight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Joshi
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, M.S., India.
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Khare PV, Keny VL, Vanlalnghaka C, Satralkar MK, Kasture MS, Barnabas RJ, Joshi DS. Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Light Intensity on the Eclosion Rhythm of the High-Altitude Himalayan Strain ofDrosophila ananassae. Chronobiol Int 2009; 21:353-65. [PMID: 15332442 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120038598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eclosion rhythm of the high-altitude Himalayan strain of Drosophila ananassae from Badrinath (altitude 5123 m) was temperature-dependent and at 21 degrees C, it was entrained by cycles of 12h light: 12h darkness (LD 12:12) and free-ran in constant darkness, however, it was arrhythmic at 13 degrees C or 17 degrees C under identical experimental conditions (Khare, P. V., Barnabas, R. J., Kanojiya, M., Kulkarni, A. D., Joshi, D. S. (2002). Temperature dependent eclosion rhythmicity in the high altitude Himalayan strains of Drosophila ananassae. Chronobiol. Int. 19:1041-1052). The present studies were designed to see whether or not these strains could be entrained at 13 degrees C, 17 degrees C, and 21 degrees C by two types of LD cycles in which the photoperiod at 100 lux intensity varied from 6h to 18h, and the light intensity of LD 14:10 cycles varied from 0.001 lux to 1000 lux. All LD cycles entrained this strain at 21 degrees C but not at 13 degrees C or 17 degrees C. These results demonstrate that the entrainment of eclosion rhythm depends on the ambient temperature and not on the photoperiod or light intensity of LD cycles. Thus the temperature has taken precedence over the light in the entrainment process of eclosion rhythm of the high altitude Himalayan strain of D. ananassae. This may be the result of natural selection in response to the environmental temperature at Badrinath that resembles that of the sub-Arctic region but the photoperiod or light intensity are of the subtropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Khare
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, MS, India
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12
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Vanlalnghaka C, Keny VL, Satralkar MK, Khare PV, Pujari PD, Joshi DS. Natural Twilight Phase‐Response Curves for the Cave‐Dwelling Bat,Hipposideros Speoris. Chronobiol Int 2009; 22:793-800. [PMID: 16298767 DOI: 10.1080/07420520500263094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phase-response curves (PRCs) for the circadian rhythm of flight activity of the microchiropteran bat (Hipposideros speoris) were determined in a cave, employing discrete natural dawn and dusk twilight pulses. These PRCs are reported for the first time for any circadian system and they are unlike other PRCs constructed for nocturnal mammals. Dawn and dusk twilight pulses evoked advance and delay phase shifts, respectively. Advance phase shifts were followed by 3 to 4 advancing transients and a subsequent shortening of free-running period (tau); whereas, the delay phase shifts were instantaneous without any transients but with a subsequent lengthening of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vanlalnghaka
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, India
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Khare PV, Satralkar MK, Vanlalnghaka C, Keny VL, Kasture MS, Shivagaje AJ, Barnabas RJ, Joshi DS. Altitudinal Variation in the Circadian Rhythm of Oviposition inDrosophila Ananassae. Chronobiol Int 2009; 22:45-57. [PMID: 15865320 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-200030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of altitude on four basic properties of the pacemaker controlling the circadian rhythm of oviposition in two strains of Drosophila ananassae was determined. The high altitude (HA) strain from Badrinath (5123 m above sea level) had a low amplitude peak in the forenoon while the low altitude (LA) strain from Firozpur (179 m a.s.l.) had a high amplitude peak after the lights-off of LD 12:12 cycles. Free running periods in continuous darkness were about 22.6 and 27.4 h in the HA and LA strains, respectively. The light pulse phase response curve (PRC) for the HA strain showed a low amplitude and a dead zone of 8h; the ratio for the advance to delay region (A/D) was less than 1, while the PRC for the LA strain had a high amplitude, which was devoid of a dead zone and showed a ratio of A/D > 1. The magnitude of the delay phase shifts at CT 18 evoked by light pulses of 1 h duration, but varying light intensity was significantly different in the HA and LA strain, which suggests that the photic sensitivity of the clock photoreceptors mediating the phase shifts had been affected by the altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Khare
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, M.S., India
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Raghuvar Gopal DV, Narkar AA, Badrinath Y, Mishra KP, Joshi DS. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K-562 without altering the levels of Bcr-Abl. Toxicol Lett 2005; 155:343-51. [PMID: 15649617 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a plant derived triterpenoid, isolated from various sources shows cytotoxicity in cell lines of melanoma, neuroectodermal and malignant brain tumors. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by Philadelphia chromosome (Bcr-Abl), a molecular abnormality leading to the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that provides growth and survival advantage to the cells. Present study describes the cytotoxicity of BA on human CML cell line K-562, positive for Bcr-Abl. The decrease in the viability of K-562 cells treated with BA at different concentrations and time intervals was assessed using MTT assay. Cell death induced by BA was determined to be apoptotic as measured by FACS analysis of PI stained nuclei, PS externalization by Annexin-V fluorescence and characteristic DNA fragmentation. DiOC6(3) fluorescent probe determined alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RT-PCR confirmed the expression levels of Bcr-Abl in controls and K-562 cells treated with BA. The rapid loss of MMP of K-562 cells upon treatment with BA shows the direct activation of apoptosis at the level of mitochondria, overcoming the resistance of the high levels of expression of Bcr-Abl.
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MESH Headings
- Annexin A5
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Intracellular Membranes/drug effects
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/physiology
- Pentacyclic Triterpenes
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Betulinic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Raghuvar Gopal
- Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Section, Isotope Group, BARC, C/o Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Raghuvar Gopal DV, Narkar AA, Badrinath Y, Mishra KP, Joshi DS. Protection of Ewing's sarcoma family tumor (ESFT) cell line SK-N-MC from betulinic acid induced apoptosis by alpha-DL-tocopherol. Toxicol Lett 2004; 153:201-12. [PMID: 15451550 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is known to induce apoptosis in melanoma neuroectodermal and malignant brain cancer cell lines. Present report describes the role of antioxidants on the BA-induced toxicity to human cell line SK-N-MC. Hydrophilic antioxidants viz., L-ascorbic acid (VitC) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (l-NAC) had no protective effect on BA-induced apoptosis at the maximal concentrations tested. The lipophilic antioxidant, alpha-DL-tocopherol (VitE) showed a concentration and a time dependent effect on the protection of SK-N-MC cells from BA-induced apoptosis. The apoptotic parameters were analyzed using FACS analysis of propidium iodide (PI) stained nuclei, PS externalization using Annexin-V assay and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Generation of superoxide radical was monitored by the fluorescent dye hydroethidium (HE). Cells showed Annexin-V positivity and an increase in the propidium iodide (PI) uptake in the early hours of treatment with BA, which was concomitant with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of alpha-DL-tocopherol to the cell cultures 1-h prior to the treatment with BA abolished all the effects of BA-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that BA initiates events at membrane level leading to induction of apoptosis. The observed ineffectiveness of hydrophilic antioxidants and substantial protection by lipophilic antioxidants indicate involvement of membrane-associated damages that form the basis of BA-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Raghuvar Gopal
- Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Section, Isotope Group, BARC, C/o Tata Memorial Hospital Annex, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Khare PV, Barnabas RJ, Kanojiya M, Kulkarni AD, Joshi DS. Temperature dependent eclosion rhythmicity in the high altitude Himalayan strains of Drosophila ananassae. Chronobiol Int 2002; 19:1041-52. [PMID: 12511025 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120015968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The circadian pacemaker controlling the eclosion rhythm of the high altitude Himalayan strains of Drosophila ananassae captured at Badrinath (5123 m) required ambient temperature at 21 degrees C for the entrainment and free-running processes. At this temperature, their eclosion rhythms entrained to 12h light, 12h dark (LD 12:12) cycles and free-ran when transferred from constant light (LL) to constant darkness (DD) or upon transfer to constant temperature at 21 degrees C following entrainment to temperature cycles in DD. These strains, however, were arrhythmic at 13 or 17 degrees C under identical experimental conditions. Eclosion medians always occurred in the thermophase of temperature cycles whether they were imposed in LL or DD; or whether the thermophase coincided with the photophase or scotophase of the concurrent LD 12:12 cycles. The temperature dependent rhythmicity in the Himalayan strains of D. ananassae is a rare phenotypic plasticity that might have been acquired through natural selection by accentuating the coupling sensing mechanism of the pacemaker to temperature, while simultaneously suppressing the effects of light on the pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Khare
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar 414001, Maharashtra, India
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Joshi DS, Gore AP. Latitudinal variation in eclosion rhythm among strains of Drosophila ananassae. Indian J Exp Biol 1999; 37:718-24. [PMID: 10522160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Eclosion rhythm parameters of D. ananassae strains originating between 8 degrees-34 degrees N were highly variable and latitude dependent. In the field under naturally fluctuating light intensity, temperature and R.H., the amplitude of the rhythm was high and the eclosion gate was narrow; however, under the naturally fluctuating light intensity but at constant temperature and R.H., the amplitude of the rhythm was lowered and the width of eclosion gate was widened. The eclosion rhythm entrained to light-dark (LD) cycles ranging from LD 6:18 to LD 18:6, the width of the eclosion gate was decreased and increased in the short and long photoperiods respectively. Among the strains, both the phase angle difference (psi, the time from lights-off in a 24 hr LD cycle to the eclosion median) and the period of free-running rhythm (tau) in constant darkness varied by about 3 hr and the amplitude of the rhythmicity (Amp) by about 10%. Lower latitude was correlated with late psi (r = -0.69), long tau (r = -0.88) and high Amp value (r = -0.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Joshi
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, India
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Joshi
- Zoology Department, Ahmednagar College, India
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Joshi DS, Yick J, Murray D, Meistrich ML. Stage-dependent variation in the radiosensitivity of DNA in developing male germ cells. Radiat Res 1990; 121:274-81. [PMID: 2315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The induction and rejoining of gamma-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) were measured in the spermatogenic cells of mice using the alkaline elution technique. The animals were injected with [3H]thymidine and sacrificed on subsequent days to examine selectively cohorts of radiolabeled cells in the successive stages of maturation. A significantly increased frequency of SSB was observed in the unirradiated early spermatocytes and late spermatids, associated with genetic recombination and chromatin compaction, respectively. The frequency of SSBs induced by irradiation of animals in vivo remained constant from the early spermatocyte through mid-spermatid stages and decreased significantly only after the cells matured to the late spermatid stage. The frequency of SSBs after in vitro irradiation of testicular cell suspensions also decreased as round spermatids matured to late spermatids. Such decreases for both modes of irradiation may result from maturation-dependent alterations in chromatin in late spermatids, such as condensation and replacement of histones with protamines, rather than from changes in oxygen tension. Rejoining of SSBs in vivo was efficient in the spermatocytes and early spermatids but declined in late spermatids. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the greater number of unrepaired lesions and lower susceptibility to mutation induction in late spermatids than in round spermatids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Joshi
- Department of Experimental Radiotherapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Joshi KS, Rao SG, Joshi DS, Nene S, Advani SH, Bhisey AN. Multiparametric Evaluation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Terminal Differentiation of Blastoid Cells from Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in Vitro. Tumori 1989; 75:435-42. [PMID: 2481350 DOI: 10.1177/030089168907500507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings that retinoic acid (RA) induces terminal granulocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 in vitro and blast cell maturation in patients suffering from acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) prompted an investigation on the ability of this agent to induce terminal maturation in blast cells from ANLL patients in vitro. We tested the ability of RA at 3×10–6 M, 3×10–7 M and 3×108– M concentrations to induce differentiation in blastold cells from 16 patients with ANLL using cytochemical and cytologic parameters, in addition to cytofluorometric methods. Leukemic cells in primary culture from all the patients underwent cytochemical and biochemical changes after treatment with RA. However, the extent of differentiation-positive cell clones (D+ clones) varied from patient to patient. Morphologic maturation was observed in a significant number of bone marrow samples. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and NBT reduction ability of cells, which are biochemical markers of granulocytic differentiation, were also significantly increased with a simultaneous decrease in DNA and RNA synthesis (which was estimated using a Phywe ICP-11 impulse flow cytometer).
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Joshi
- Cancer Research Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Bombay, India
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Bandivdekar AH, Moodbidri SB, Sheth AR, Joshi DS, Sundaram K. Flow cytometric analysis of human spermatozoa treated with antiserum to human seminal inhibin. Int J Fertil 1989; 34:74-7. [PMID: 2565311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibin from human seminal plasma is structurally identical to sperm coating antigen. Using the flow cytometric technique it has been demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between initial motility of sperm and the amount of inhibin coated on the spermatozoal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Bandivdekar
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR) Parel, Bombay, India
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Joshi KS, Rao SG, Joshi DS, Advani SH, Bhisey AN. Terminal differentiation of human leukemic blasts in response to 12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA). Anticancer Res 1988; 8:1367-71. [PMID: 3218970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phorbol ester, 12-0-Tetradecanoyl-13-Phorbol-Acetate (TPA), induces a terminal macrophage-like differentiation of cells from human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines. We report here that blastoid cells obtained from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (M1-M2) undergo differentiation-related changes characteristic of macrophage lineage after exposure to TPA. Blast cells from a patient with ANLL-M1-M2 underwent morphological, functional and histochemical changes after treatment with 1 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-8) M TPA. The changes included adhesion to the plastic substrate, 2-4 fold increase in the number of NBT positive cells and an increase in the number of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (alpha-NAE) positive cells. These differentiation changes after treatment with TPA were followed by decrease in proliferative index and G1 cells containing high RNA as estimated by flow cytometry. Of the thirteen cases of undifferentiated or unclassified leukemias studied, two failed to respond to TPA. These data suggest that leukemic blasts retain their ability to express a variety of differentiated functions on induction by TPA. Our data gives evidence suggesting that the "switch" into the differentiation pathways occurred after inhibition of proliferation and reduction in the percentage of G1 high RNA containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Joshi
- Cancer Research Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay
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Joshi DS, Rajadhyaksha MS, Phondke GP, Sundaram K. Cytometric studies on lymphoid cells from normal and leukaemic AKR mice. Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:492-6. [PMID: 3198150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sen V, Nerkar DP, Joshi DS, Lewis NF. Modulation of macrophage activity by microorganisms. Indian J Exp Biol 1986; 24:650-4. [PMID: 3108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rajadhyaksha MS, Joshi DS, Phondke GP, Mitra R, Sundaram K. Lactic dehydrogenase isozyme distributions in lymphocytes from normal and leukemic mice. Cancer Biochem Biophys 1986; 8:167-71. [PMID: 3742479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
LDH isozyme distributions were studied in the thymocytes of normal and spontaneously leukemic mice. In the normal animals, H:M ratios were found to be higher for more mature cells of adult animals than for less mature thymocytes of the neonates. However, thymocytes from leukemic animals bearing mature phenotype displayed very low values of H:M ratios. From these results, the relationship between the changes in LDH-isozyme distributions in AKR thymocytes and their progressive maturation appears to be equivocal. Alterations in isozyme distribution patterns, reflecting a decrease in H:M ratios, on the other hand, appears to be a characteristic feature of terminal stages of this murine leukemia.
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Pande G, Joshi DS, Sundaram K, Das MR. Isolation and characterization of the two subpopulations of cells with different lethalities from Zajdela ascitic hepatoma. Cancer Res 1986; 46:1673-8. [PMID: 3948158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct subpopulations of cells, light (L-cells) and heavy (H-cells), have been isolated and characterized from a rat ascitic tumor, the Zajdela ascitic hepatoma. These two populations have been separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and studied by flow cytofluorimetry. The two populations, in addition to their difference in buoyant densities, show characteristically different profiles for DNA and RNA contents, nonspecific esterase activity, and surface amino group distribution. The DNA distribution in the two types of cells clearly shows that the H-cells are rapidly proliferating while the L-cells are quiescent. Studies on the two groups of cells after colchicine treatment also confirm this conclusion. The H-cell induced tumors kill the host animals rapidly while the L-cell induced tumors regress in about 3 months. The H- and L-cells from the Zajdela tumor form a convenient experimental system to study the marked difference in the progression of tumors induced by these cells, possible differences in gene expression in regressing and nonregressing tumors and the interactions between the subpopulations with a view to delineate molecular events governing tumor progression and tumor heterogeneity.
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Sen V, Nerkar DP, Joshi DS, Kamat AS, Lewis NF. In vivo effect of lipoteichoic acid on biochemical function of peritoneal macrophages. Indian J Exp Biol 1986; 24:159-62. [PMID: 2426192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Joshi DS, Barendsen GW. Hyperthermic modification of drug effectiveness for reproductive death of cultured mammalian cells. Indian J Exp Biol 1984; 22:251-4. [PMID: 6480057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Joshi DS, Haveman J, Barendsen GW. Influence of hyperthermia on the effectiveness of UV-radiation for induction of reproductive death of cultured mammalian cells. Indian J Exp Biol 1984; 22:248-50. [PMID: 6480056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Chromosome frequency distribution and cellular DNA estimations in different established mosquito cell lines were studied. These cell lines exhibited a wide range of cell types with a diploid stem-line comprising 50-55% and a haploid substem-line comprising 12-30% of the population. Estimation of cellular DNA contents by impulse cytoflowmetry and by Feulgen cytophotometry supported these observations. Because of their low diploid counts, these cell lines cannot be classified as diploid.
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Sainis KB, Joshi DS, Phondke GP. Density gradient fractionation of antibody forming cells. Indian J Exp Biol 1983; 21:301-3. [PMID: 6667983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Selvan E, Joshi DS, Phondke GP. A sub-set of murine T lymphocytes forming rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. Immunology 1980; 41:415-9. [PMID: 6969222 PMCID: PMC1458177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes from two murine strains AKR and CBA were found to form rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. On comprehensive characterization of these cells by enrichment or selective depletion of constituent T- or B-lymphocytes, rosette forming ability was found to be an attribute of the subpopulation of Thy-1 +ve and Ig -ve cells. Further, the lymphocytes of this subset of T cells were found to be devoid of the receptor for C3 and a majority of them displayed sensitivity to hydrocortisone.
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Joshi DS, Jung H. Thermotolerance and sensitization induced in CHO cells by fractionated hyperthermic treatments at 38 degrees - 45 degrees C. Eur J Cancer 1979; 15:345-50. [PMID: 446516 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(79)90046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Linden WA, Ochlich K, Baisch H, Scholz KU, Mauss HJ, Stegner HE, Joshi DS, Wu CT, Koprowska I, Nicolini C. Flow cytometric prescreening of cervical smears. J Histochem Cytochem 1979; 27:529-35. [PMID: 86573 DOI: 10.1177/27.1.86573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One-parameter (nuclear DNA) and two-parameter (nuclear DNA and protein or cellular light scatter) measurements of cervical smears were performed using an ICP 11 and a cytofluorograf 4800 respectively. A total of about 1000 cases was analyzed. For the estimation of nuclear DNA alone two fluorochromes were tested (ethidium bromide (EB) and mithramycin (MMC)) combined with three different methods of cell preparation. For the two-parameter measurements cells were double stained with EB and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Red fluorescence (EB) versus green fluorescence (FITC) or red fluorescence versus scatter were recorded. A computer analysis of the one-parameter histograms was performed using discriminant analysis and the results were compared with the cytodiagnosis of microscopic specimens stained with the Papanicolaou technique. The error rates of the flow cytometric (FCM) data were as follows: (a) standard EB staining, 11% false negative, 26% false positive, 6% unsatisfactory results; (b) pepsination of vital cells and EB staining, 12% false negative, 14% false positive and 4% unsatisfactory results; (c) MMC staining, 10% false negative, 65% false positive and 5% unsatisfactory results. Our two-parameter measurements prove that, as confirmed by cell sorting, red fluorescence versus scatter allows separation of at least three subpopulations in most analyzed samples: (a) anucleated cells; (b) leukocytes; and (c) intermediate and superficial cells.
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Joshi DS, Barendsen GW, van der Schueren E. Thermal enhancement of the effectiveness of gamma radiation for induction of reproductive death in cultured mammalian cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1978; 34:233-43. [PMID: 309451 DOI: 10.1080/09553007814550821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The induction by gamma radiation of reproductive death in cultured cells derived from a rat ureter carcinoma (RUC-2) and from Chinese-hamster lung tissue (CH-V79) was shown to be enhanced by hyperthermic treatments at 41, 43 and 45 degrees C. The degree of enhancement was found to depend on the line of cells studied, the temperature employed and the level of damage considered. The influence of accumulating sublethal damage was decreased by hyperthermia, and the final slope of the radiation survival curve was increased. The degree of enhancement of lethal damage was found to depend on the time interval between the heat treatment and irradiation, especially at 41 degrees C.
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Joshi DS, Deys BF, Kipp JB, Barendsen GW, Kralendonk J. Comparison of three mammalian cell-lines with respect to their sensitivities to hyperthermia, gamma-rays and U.V.-radiation. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1977; 31:485-92. [PMID: 301514 DOI: 10.1080/09553007714550581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three types of cultured mammalian cells, from a rat ureter carcinoma (RUC-2), from a mouse mammary carcinoma (M8013), and from a Chinese hamster lung cell-line (CH-V79), have been compared with respect to various treatments. Using cloning assay, the sensitivity of these cell-lines was measured for ionizing radiation, U.V.-light and for temperatures of 41 degrees, 42 degrees, 43 degrees, 44 degrees and 45 degrees C. RUC-2 cells are the least sensitive to these treatments, except for 45 degrees C. M8013 is sensitive to gamma-rays and U.V.-irradiation. CH-V79 is sensitive to gamma-radiation and hyperthermia. Since sensitivity to one type of treatment does not correlate with similar susceptibility to the others, it is concluded that different mechanisms may be involved in inactivation by these treatments.
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Joshi DS, Van der Schueren E, Deys BF, Barendsen GW. Proceedings: Differences in sensitivity and interaction of damage induced by hyperthermia, UV radiation and gamma-rays on cultured cells of malignant and non-malignant origin. Br J Cancer 1975; 32:768. [PMID: 1220804 PMCID: PMC2025053 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1975.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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George KC, Shenoy MA, Joshi DS, Bhatt BY, Singh BB, Gopal-Ayengar AR. Letter: Modification of radiation effects on cells by membrane binding agents--procaine HC1. Br J Radiol 1975; 48:611-4. [PMID: 1097020 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-48-571-611-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Joshi DS, Singh BB, Gopal-Ayengar AR, Ehrenberg L. Letter: Effects of ascorbate on radiosensitization of bacterial cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1973; 24:631-5. [PMID: 4587523 DOI: 10.1080/09553007314551571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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