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Shapiro SG, Raghunath S, Williams C, Motsinger-Reif AA, Cullen JM, Liu T, Albertson D, Ruvolo M, Bergstrom Lucas A, Jin J, Knapp DW, Schiffman JD, Breen M. Canine urothelial carcinoma: genomically aberrant and comparatively relevant. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:311-31. [PMID: 25783786 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also referred to as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common bladder malignancy in both human and canine populations. In human UC, numerous studies have demonstrated the prevalence of chromosomal imbalances. Although the histopathology of the disease is similar in both species, studies evaluating the genomic profile of canine UC are lacking, limiting the discovery of key comparative molecular markers associated with driving UC pathogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated 31 primary canine UC biopsies by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH). Results highlighted the presence of three highly recurrent numerical aberrations: gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 36 and loss of CFA 19. Regional gains of CFA 13 and 36 were present in 97 % and 84 % of cases, respectively, and losses on CFA 19 were present in 77 % of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using targeted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and custom Agilent SureFISH probes, was performed to detect and quantify these regions in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections and urine-derived urothelial cells. The data indicate that these three aberrations are potentially diagnostic of UC. Comparison of our canine oaCGH data with that of 285 human cases identified a series of shared copy number aberrations. Using an informatics approach to interrogate the frequency of copy number aberrations across both species, we identified those that had the highest joint probability of association with UC. The most significant joint region contained the gene PABPC1, which should be considered further for its role in UC progression. In addition, cross-species filtering of genome-wide copy number data highlighted several genes as high-profile candidates for further analysis, including CDKN2A, S100A8/9, and LRP1B. We propose that these common aberrations are indicative of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of pathogenesis and harbor genes key to urothelial neoplasia, warranting investigation for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Schröck E, Weaver Z, Albertson D. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)--detection of unbalanced genetic aberrations using conventional and micro-array techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 8:Unit 8.12. [PMID: 18770739 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0812s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This unit presents comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), a genome-wide screening technique for genetic aberrations in tumor samples. Specific emphasis is placed on recent applications to the analysis of murine model systems for human cancer. CGH is an invaluable tool for identifying the characteristic genetic rearrangements in these models. The authors discuss an exciting new method currently being developed, array CGH, which results in a tremendous increase in resolution. Oncogene amplifications and deletions of tumor-suppressor genes are detected on a single-gene level. Detailed protocols are supplied for CGH analysis of both human and mouse chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schröck
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Slavotinek A, Lee SS, Davis R, Shrit A, Leppig KA, Rhim J, Jasnosz K, Albertson D, Pinkel D. Fryns syndrome phenotype caused by chromosome microdeletions at 15q26.2 and 8p23.1. J Med Genet 2006; 42:730-6. [PMID: 16141010 PMCID: PMC1736126 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fryns syndrome (FS) is the commonest autosomal recessive syndrome in which congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a cardinal feature. It has been estimated that 10% of patients with CDH have FS. The autosomal recessive inheritance in FS contrasts with the sporadic inheritance for the majority of patients with CDH and renders the correct diagnosis critical for accurate genetic counselling. The cause of FS is unknown. METHODS We have used array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) to screen patients who have CDH and additional phenotypic anomalies consistent with FS for cryptic chromosome aberrations. RESULTS We present three probands who were previously diagnosed with FS who had submicroscopic chromosome deletions detected by array CGH after normal karyotyping with G-banded chromosome analysis. Two female infants were found to have microdeletions involving chromosome band 15q26.2 and one male had a deletion of chromosome band 8p23.1. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that phenotypes similar to FS can be caused by submicroscopic chromosome deletions and that high resolution karyotyping, including array CGH if possible, should be performed prior to the diagnosis of FS to provide an accurate recurrence risk in patients with CDH and physical anomalies consistent with FS.
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Hamilton G, Brown N, Oseroff V, Huey B, Segraves R, Sudar D, Kumler J, Albertson D, Pinkel D. A large field CCD system for quantitative imaging of microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:e58. [PMID: 16670425 PMCID: PMC1456328 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system for microarrays capable of acquiring quantitative, high dynamic range images of very large fields. Illumination is supplied by an arc lamp, and filters are used to define excitation and emission bands. The system is linear down to fluorochrome densities ≪1 molecule/µm2. The ratios of the illumination intensity distributions for all excitation wavelengths have a maximum deviation ∼±4% over the object field, so that images can be analyzed without computational corrections for the illumination pattern unless higher accuracy is desired. Custom designed detection optics produce achromatic images of the spectral region from ∼ 450 to ∼750 nm. Acquisition of a series of images of multiple fluorochromes from multiple arrays occurs under computer control. The version of the system described in detail provides images of 20 mm square areas using a 27 mm square, 2K × 2K pixel, cooled CCD chip with a well depth of ∼105 electrons, and provides ratio measurements accurate to a few percent over a dynamic range in intensity >1000. Resolution referred to the sample is 10 µm, sufficient for obtaining quantitative multicolor images from >30 000 array elements in an 18 mm × 18 mm square.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hamilton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - N. Brown
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - V. Oseroff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - B. Huey
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - R. Segraves
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - D. Sudar
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA, USA
| | - J. Kumler
- Coastal Optical SystemsWest Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - D. Albertson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
| | - D. Pinkel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San FranciscoCA, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 415 476 3659; Fax: +1 415 476 8218;
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Abstract
The short report will be focused on the genetic basis and possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis, common types of cancer, the importance of genetic diagnosis of cancer, and the methodology of cancer genetic diagnosis. They will also review presymptomatic testing of hereditary cancers, and the application of expression profiling to identify patients likely to benefit from particular therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Li
- Medical School, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
- †E-mail:;
| | - Donna Albertson
- Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- †E-mail:;
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Sweet-Cordero A, Tseng GC, You H, Douglass M, Huey B, Albertson D, Jacks T. Comparison of gene expression and DNA copy number changes in a murine model of lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 45:338-48. [PMID: 16323170 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of oncogenic Kras in murine lung leads to the development of numerous small adenomas, only some of which progress over time to overt adenocarcinoma. Thus, although Kras is the initiating oncogene, it is likely that secondary genetic events are required for progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. Some of these secondary events may also be important in human lung adenocarcinoma. By comparing gene expression profiles with DNA copy number changes, we sought to identify genes that play key roles in tumor progression in this model. Gene expression profiling revealed significant heterogeneity among the tumor samples. In 27% of the tumors analyzed, whole- or sub-chromosome duplications or deletions in one or more chromosomes were seen. Recurrent duplications were seen on chromosomes 6, 8, 16, and 19, whereas chromosomes 4, 11, and 17 were frequently lost. Notably, focal amplifications or deletions were not seen. Despite the lack of focal amplification, we showed that chromosome duplication has a measurable effect on gene expression that is not uniform across the genome. We identified a group of genes whose gene expression was highly correlated with changes in DNA copy number. These highly correlated genes were enriched for gene ontology categories involved in the DNA damage response and telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Gajduskova P, Snijders A, Kwek S, Albertson D. O28: Genome position effects on gene amplification. Eur J Med Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weiss MM, Kuipers EJ, Postma C, Snijders AM, Pinkel D, Meuwissen SGM, Albertson D, Meijer GA. Genomic alterations in primary gastric adenocarcinomas correlate with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2005; 26:307-17. [PMID: 15623941 PMCID: PMC4611111 DOI: 10.1155/2004/454238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims: Pathogenesis of gastric cancer is driven by an accumulation of genetic changes that to a large extent occur at the chromosomal level. In order to investigate the patterns of chromosomal aberrations in gastric carcinomas, we performed genome‐wide microarray based comparative genomic hybridisation (microarray CGH). With this recently developed technique chromosomal aberrations can be studied with high resolution and sensitivity. Methods: Array CGH was applied to a series of 35 gastric adenocarcinomas using a genome‐wide scanning array with 2275 BAC and P1 clones spotted in triplicate. Each clone contains at least one STS for linkage to the sequence of the human genome. These arrays provide an average resolution of 1.4 Mb across the genome. DNA copy number changes were correlated with clinicopathological tumour characteristics as well as survival. Results: All thirty‐five cancers showed chromosomal aberrations and 16 of the 35 tumours showed one or more amplifications. The most frequent aberrations are gains of 8q24.2, 8q24.1, 20q13.12, 20q13.2, 7p11.2, 1q32.3, 8p23.1–p23.3, losses of 5q14.1, 18q22.1, 19p13.12–p13.3, 9p21.3–p24.3, 17p13.1–p13.3, 13q31.1, 16q22.1, 21q21.3, and amplifications of 7q21–q22, and 12q14.1–q21.1. These aberrations were correlated to clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Gain of 1q32.3 was significantly correlated with lymph node status (p=0.007). Tumours with loss of 18q22.1, as well as tumours with amplifications were associated with poor survival (p=0.02, both). Conclusions: Microarray CGH has revealed several chromosomal regions that have not been described before in gastric cancer at this frequency and resolution, such as amplification of at 7q21–q22 and 12q14.1–q21.1, as well gains at 1q32.3, 7p11.2, and losses at 13q13.1. Interestingly, gain of 1q32.3 and loss of 18q22.1 are associated with a bad prognosis indicating that these regions could harbour gene(s) that may determine aggressive tumour behaviour and poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan M. Weiss
- Department of GastroenterologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pathology VU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cindy Postma
- Department of Pathology VU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerrit A. Meijer
- Department of Pathology VU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- *Gerrit A. Meijer:
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Climent J, Dimitrov P, Fridlyand J, Palacios J, Garcia-Conde J, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Lluch A, Martinez-Climent JA. Whole genome scanning strongly predicts clinical outcome in differently treated subgroups of patients with lymph-node negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Climent
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - P. Dimitrov
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Fridlyand
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Palacios
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Garcia-Conde
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Albertson
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Pinkel
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Lluch
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. A. Martinez-Climent
- Hosp Clinico, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Univ of CA, Berkeley, CA; UCSF Comp Cancer Ctr, San Francisco, CA; CNIO, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clinico Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Tuzun E, Sharp AJ, Bailey JA, Kaul R, Morrison VA, Pertz LM, Haugen E, Hayden H, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Olson MV, Eichler EE. Fine-scale structural variation of the human genome. Nat Genet 2005; 37:727-32. [PMID: 15895083 DOI: 10.1038/ng1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inversions, deletions and insertions are important mediators of disease and disease susceptibility. We systematically compared the human genome reference sequence with a second genome (represented by fosmid paired-end sequences) to detect intermediate-sized structural variants >8 kb in length. We identified 297 sites of structural variation: 139 insertions, 102 deletions and 56 inversion breakpoints. Using combined literature, sequence and experimental analyses, we validated 112 of the structural variants, including several that are of biomedical relevance. These data provide a fine-scale structural variation map of the human genome and the requisite sequence precision for subsequent genetic studies of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Tuzun
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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11
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Paris PL, Andaya A, Fridlyand J, Jain A, Weinberg V, Kowbel D, Brebner J, Simko J, Volik S, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Febbo P, Chinnaiyan AM, Pienta K, Rubin MA, Carroll PR, van Dekken H, Collins C. 387: Whole Genome Scanning Identifies Genotypes Associated with Recurrence and Metastasis in Prostate Tumors. J Urol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)34640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Snijders A, Segraves R, Zhang X, Niebuhr A, Albertson D, Yang H, Gray J, Niebuhr E, Bolund L, Pinkel D. High-resolution mapping of genotype-phenotype relationships in cri du chat syndrome using array comparative genomic hybridization. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:312-26. [PMID: 15635506 PMCID: PMC1196376 DOI: 10.1086/427762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used array comparative genomic hybridization to map DNA copy-number changes in 94 patients with cri du chat syndrome who had been carefully evaluated for the presence of the characteristic cry, speech delay, facial dysmorphology, and level of mental retardation (MR). Most subjects had simple deletions involving 5p (67 terminal and 12 interstitial). Genotype-phenotype correlations localized the region associated with the cry to 1.5 Mb in distal 5p15.31, between bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing markers D5S2054 and D5S676; speech delay to 3.2 Mb in 5p15.32-15.33, between BACs containing D5S417 and D5S635; and the region associated with facial dysmorphology to 2.4 Mb in 5p15.2-15.31, between BACs containing D5S208 and D5S2887. These results overlap and refine those reported in previous publications. MR depended approximately on the 5p deletion size and location, but there were many cases in which the retardation was disproportionately severe, given the 5p deletion. All 15 of these cases, approximately two-thirds of the severely retarded patients, were found to have copy-number aberrations in addition to the 5p deletion. Restriction of consideration to patients with only 5p deletions clarified the effect of such deletions and suggested the presence of three regions, MRI-III, with differing effect on retardation. Deletions including MRI, a 1.2-Mb region overlapping the previously defined cri du chat critical region but not including MRII and MRIII, produced a moderate level of retardation. Deletions restricted to MRII, located just proximal to MRI, produced a milder level of retardation, whereas deletions restricted to the still-more proximal MRIII produced no discernible phenotype. However, MR increased as deletions that included MRI extended progressively into MRII and MRIII, and MR became profound when all three regions were deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Hermsen M, Snijders A, Guervós MA, Taenzer S, Koerner U, Baak J, Pinkel D, Albertson D, van Diest P, Meijer G, Schrock E. Centromeric chromosomal translocations show tissue-specific differences between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Oncogene 2005; 24:1571-9. [PMID: 15674345 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Structural chromosomal aberrations are common in epithelial tumors. Here, we compared the location of centromeric breaks associated with whole arm translocations in seven adenocarcinoma cell lines and nine squamous cell carcinoma cell lines using SKY, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Whole arm translocations were more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (112 in nine cell lines and nine in one short-term culture) than in adenocarcinomas (13 in seven cases) and most often resulted in copy number alterations. Array CGH analysis demonstrated that in all squamous cell carcinomas and in most adenocarcinomas, the breakpoints of unbalanced whole arm translocations occurred between the two clones on the array flanking the centromeres. However, FISH with centromeric probes revealed that in squamous cell carcinomas, the marker chromosomes with whole arm translocations contained centromeres comprised of material from both participating chromosomes, while in adenocarcinomas centromeric material from only one of the chromosomes was present. These observations suggest that different mechanisms of centromeric instability underlie the formation of chromosomal aberrations in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Yang ZQ, Albertson D, Ethier SP. Genomic organization of the 8p11-p12 amplicon in three breast cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 155:57-62. [PMID: 15527903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of chromosomal regions leads to an increase of DNA copy number and expression of oncogenes in human breast cancer (HBC). Amplification of the 8p11-p12 region occurs in 10-15% of primary, uncultured HBCs. In our panel of 11 breast cancer cells, three cell lines, SUM-44, SUM-52, and SUM-225, have overlapping amplicons in the 8p11-p12 region. To characterize genome structure of the amplified regions, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization using 8p11-p12 BAC clones in the 3 cell lines. The results revealed that the 8p11-p12 amplicon has a highly complex structure and that FGFR1 is not in the common core-amplified domain in 3 breast cancer cell lines with the amplicon. These 3 cell lines provide good models for genetic and functional studies of candidate oncogenes of the 8p11-p12 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7312 CCGC, PO Box 0948, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0948, USA
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15
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Krzywinski M, Bosdet I, Smailus D, Chiu R, Mathewson C, Wye N, Barber S, Brown-John M, Chan S, Chand S, Cloutier A, Girn N, Lee D, Masson A, Mayo M, Olson T, Pandoh P, Prabhu AL, Schoenmakers E, Tsai M, Albertson D, Lam W, Choy CO, Osoegawa K, Zhao S, de Jong PJ, Schein J, Jones S, Marra MA. A set of BAC clones spanning the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:3651-60. [PMID: 15247347 PMCID: PMC484185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) fingerprint-based physical map, genome sequence assembly and BAC end sequences, we have generated a fingerprint-validated set of 32 855 BAC clones spanning the human genome. The clone set provides coverage for at least 98% of the human fingerprint map, 99% of the current assembled sequence and has an effective resolving power of 79 kb. We have made the clone set publicly available, anticipating that it will generally facilitate FISH or array-CGH-based identification and characterization of chromosomal alterations relevant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krzywinski
- BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Center and BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
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16
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Simin K, Wu H, Lu L, Pinkel D, Albertson D, Cardiff RD, Dyke TV. pRb inactivation in mammary cells reveals common mechanisms for tumor initiation and progression in divergent epithelia. PLoS Biol 2004; 2:E22. [PMID: 14966529 PMCID: PMC340938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma 1 (pRb) and the related pocket proteins, retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107) and retinoblastoma-like 2 (p130) (pRbf, collectively), play a pivotal role in regulating eukaryotic cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation. While aberrations in the pRb-signaling pathway are common in human cancers, the consequence of pRbf loss in the mammary gland has not been directly assayed in vivo. We reported previously that inactivating these critical cell cycle regulators in divergent cell types, either brain epithelium or astrocytes, abrogates the cell cycle restriction point, leading to increased cell proliferation and apoptosis, and predisposing to cancer. Here we report that mouse mammary epithelium is similar in its requirements for pRbf function; Rbf inactivation by T121, a fragment of SV40 T antigen that binds to and inactivates pRbf proteins, increases proliferation and apoptosis. Mammary adenocarcinomas form within 16 mo. Most apoptosis is regulated by p53, which has no impact on proliferation, and heterozygosity for a p53 null allele significantly shortens tumor latency. Most tumors in p53 heterozygous mice undergo loss of the wild-type p53 allele. We show that the mechanism of p53 loss of heterozygosity is not simply the consequence of Chromosome 11 aneuploidy and further that chromosomal instability subsequent to p53 loss is minimal. The mechanisms for pRb and p53 tumor suppression in the epithelia of two distinct tissues, mammary gland and brain, are indistinguishable. Further, this study has produced a highly penetrant breast cancer model based on aberrations commonly observed in the human disease. Inactivation of the three retinoblastoma genes in the mouse mammary gland provides a new animal model for human breast cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Simin
- 1Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUnited States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- 1Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUnited States of America
| | - Lucy Lu
- 1Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUnited States of America
| | - Dan Pinkel
- 2Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, San Francisco, CaliforniaUnited States of America
| | - Donna Albertson
- 2Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, San Francisco, CaliforniaUnited States of America
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- 3Center for Comparative Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, Davis, CaliforniaUnited States of America
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- 1Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUnited States of America
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17
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Weiss MM, Kuipers EJ, Postma C, Snijders AM, Stolte M, Vieth M, Pinkel D, Meuwissen SGM, Albertson D, Meijer GA. Genome wide array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of premalignant lesions of the stomach. Mol Pathol 2004; 56:293-8. [PMID: 14514924 PMCID: PMC1187341 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.5.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world, ranking fifth in the Netherlands as a cause of cancer death. Surgery is the only curative treatment for advanced cases, but results of gastrectomy largely depend on the stage of the disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms of progression from a preneoplastic condition through intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive cancer may provide information relevant to designing focused prevention strategies. METHODS Because the pattern of chromosomal aberrations in precursors of gastric cancer is unclear, 11 gastric polyps with intraepithelial neoplasia (three hyperplastic polyps and eight adenomas) were analysed by microarray comparative genomic hybridisation to study chromosomal instability in precursors of gastric cancer. RESULTS Chromosomal aberrations were detected in all specimens. Adenomas showed no more chromosomal aberrations than did the hyperplastic polyps. The most frequent aberrations were gain of 7q36 and 20q12, and loss of 5q14-q21 in the adenomas, and loss of 15q11-14, 1p21-31, and 21q11-21.2 in the hyperplastic polyps. The most frequent chromosomal aberration in common to both types was loss of 9p21.3. CONCLUSION Hyperplastic polyps showed many chromosomal aberrations, confirming that neoplastic transformation can occur in these lesions. These observations are consistent with the existence of two morphologically and genetically distinct pathways to gastric cancer-the hyperplastic polyp pathway and the (intestinal type) adenoma pathway. The relative contribution of each to gastric carcinogenesis in general, and how they compare to patterns of chromosomal aberrations in the more prevalent flat foci of intraepithelial neoplasia remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Ray ME, Yang ZQ, Albertson D, Kleer CG, Washburn JG, Macoska JA, Ethier SP. Genomic and Expression Analysis of the 8p11–12 Amplicon in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Res 2004; 64:40-7. [PMID: 14729606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene amplification is an important mechanism of oncogene activation in breast and other cancers. Characterization of amplified regions of the genome in breast cancer has led to the identification of important oncogenes including erbB-2/HER-2, C-MYC, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2. Chromosome 8p11-p12 is amplified in 10-15% of human breast cancers. The putative oncogene FGFR1 localizes to this region; however, we show evidence that FGFR inhibition fails to slow growth of three breast cancer cell lines with 8p11-p12 amplification. We present a detailed analysis of this amplicon in three human breast cancer cell lines using comparative genomic hybridization, traditional Southern and Northern analysis, and chromosome 8 cDNA microarray expression profiling. This study has identified new candidate oncogenes within the 8p11-p12 region, supporting the hypothesis that genes other than FGFR1 may contribute to oncogenesis in breast cancers with proximal 8p amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0948, USA
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19
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Veltman JA, Fridlyand J, Pejavar S, Olshen AB, Korkola JE, DeVries S, Carroll P, Kuo WL, Pinkel D, Albertson D, Cordon-Cardo C, Jain AN, Waldman FM. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization for genome-wide screening of DNA copy number in bladder tumors. Cancer Res 2003; 63:2872-80. [PMID: 12782593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide copy number profiles were characterized in 41 primary bladder tumors using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). In addition to previously identified alterations in large chromosomal regions, alterations were identified in many small genomic regions, some with high-level amplifications or homozygous deletions. High-level amplifications were detected for 192 genomic clones, most frequently at 6p22.3 (E2F3), 8p12 (FGFR1), 8q22.2 (CMYC), 11q13 (CCND1, EMS1, INT2), and 19q13.1 (CCNE). Homozygous deletions were detected in 51 genomic clones, with four showing deletions in more than one case: two clones mapping to 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/p16, in nine cases), one at 8p23.1 (three cases), and one at 11p13 (two cases). Significant correlations were observed between copy number gain of clones containing CCNE1 and gain of ERBB2, and between gain of CCND1 and deletion of TP53. In addition, there was a significant complementary association between gain of CCND1 and gain of E2F3. Although there was no significant relationship between copy number changes and tumor stage or grade, the linked behavior among genomic loci suggests that array CGH will be increasingly important in understanding pathways critical to bladder tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A Veltman
- Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, California 94143-0808, USA
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20
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Bhatt AS, Takeuchi T, Ylstra B, Ginzinger D, Albertson D, Shuman MA, Craik CS. Quantitation of membrane type serine protease 1 (MT-SP1) in transformed and normal cells. Biol Chem 2003; 384:257-66. [PMID: 12675519 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane type serine protease 1 (MT-SP1) is a representative member of a large family of related enzymes known as type II transmembrane serine proteases or membrane type serine proteases. MT-SP1 has been implicated in the selective proteolysis of key extracellular substrates but its physiological role is still not fully understood. MT-SP1 expression at the protein and RNA level has been previously examined by nonquantitative methods such as in situ hybridization, Northern blotting and immunohistochemistry. To establish an introductory understanding of the quantitative mRNA expression of MT-SP1 and to correlate these levels with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a key component of extracellular proteolysis, quantitative RT-PCR was carried out. RNA expression was analyzed in 34 human cancer cell lines, 26 human tissues and 18 primary human breast cancer tissue samples. MT-SP1 mRNA is highly expressed in many breast, ovarian, prostate and colon cancer cell lines and normal human tissues of endodermal origin. At the transcript level, MT-SP1 shows a highly statistically significant correlation (Pearson's product moment correlation r = 0.784, p < 0.001) with uPAR in human breast cancer tissue. The exact role of MT-SP1 in concert with proteins such as uPAR and other members of the plasminogen activator cascade has yet to be ascertained. However, the significant correlation between MT-SP1 and uPAR transcript levels in this initial study suggests further work to establish the role of MT-SP1 as a possible prognostic, diagnostic or therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Female
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami S Bhatt
- University of California at San Francisco, School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Ave, Box 0454, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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Gray JW, Suzuki S, Kuo WL, Polikoff D, Deavers M, Smith-McCune K, Berchuck A, Pinkel D, Albertson D, Mills GB. Specific keynote: genome copy number abnormalities in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 88:S16-21; discussion S22-4. [PMID: 12586079 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2002.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe W Gray
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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22
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Buckley PG, Mantripragada KK, Benetkiewicz M, Tapia-Páez I, Diaz De Ståhl T, Rosenquist M, Ali H, Jarbo C, De Bustos C, Hirvelä C, Sinder Wilén B, Fransson I, Thyr C, Johnsson BI, Bruder CEG, Menzel U, Hergersberg M, Mandahl N, Blennow E, Wedell A, Beare DM, Collins JE, Dunham I, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Bastian BC, Faruqi AF, Lasken RS, Ichimura K, Collins VP, Dumanski JP. A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarray for clinical and research applications. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11:3221-9. [PMID: 12444106 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/11.25.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Buckley
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Abstract
Every year in the USA, 100-150 people die and 1000-1500 others are injured by lightning strikes. Ophthalmic and neurologic injuries from lightning strike are common. The most common permanent ocular sequela is cataract, but many areas of the eye can be affected. Prompt evaluation by an ophthalmologist is imperative for maximizing outcomes. Incidence and mechanisms of lightning strike injury are summarized, with special emphasis on the treatment of ocular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Norman
- Seacoast Ophthalmology, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
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24
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Parrott JA, Nilsson E, Mosher R, Magrane G, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Gray JW, Skinner MK. Stromal-epithelial interactions in the progression of ovarian cancer: influence and source of tumor stromal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 175:29-39. [PMID: 11325514 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells are essential for the progression of many cancers including ovarian tumors. Stromal cell-epithelial cell interactions are important for tumor development, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In the current study, the effects of normal ovarian bovine stromal cells on ovarian tumor progression was investigated. The hypothesis tested is that ovarian stromal cells will alter the onset and progression of ovarian tumors. Conditioned medium from normal bovine ovarian surface stromal cells was found to stimulate the growth of normal ovarian surface epithelium and had no effect on the growth of human tumor cell lines SKOV3 and OCC1. Human ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OCC1, were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to examine tumor progression. Tumor growth in the nude mice was dramatically reduced when normal ovarian surface stromal cells were co-injected with SKOV3 or OCC1 cells. Similar results were obtained with normal bovine or human ovarian stromal cells. In contrast, irrelevant testicular stromal cells and epithelial cells had no effect on tumor growth in the nude mouse. Histological examination of these tumors revealed a characteristic stromal cell component adjacent to epithelial cell colonies. Sections of these tumors were hybridized with species specific genomic probes using fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify cell populations. Epithelial cells were shown to be of human origin (i.e. SKOV3 or OCC1), but stromal cells were found to be primarily murine in origin (i.e. host tissue). No detectable bovine cells were observed in the tumors after one week post-injection. Results suggest that stromal cells are an essential component of ovarian tumors. Interestingly, normal ovarian stromal cells had the ability to inhibit tumor growth, but were not able to survive long-term incubation at the tumor site. The developing tumor appears to recruit host (i.e. murine) stromal cells to invade the tumor and support its growth. In summary, normal ovarian stromal cells can inhibit ovarian tumor progression and the developing tumors recruit adjacent host stroma to become "tumor stroma". The tumor stroma likely develop an altered phenotype that cooperates with the tumorigenic epithelial cells to help promote the progression of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Parrott
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4231, USA
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25
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BAC Resource Consortium T, Cheung VG, Nowak N, Jang W, Kirsch IR, Zhao S, Chen XN, Furey TS, Kim UJ, Kuo WL, Olivier M, Conroy J, Kasprzyk A, Massa H, Yonescu R, Sait S, Thoreen C, Snijders A, Lemyre E, Bailey JA, Bruzel A, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Collins S, Dhami P, Friedman C, Han CS, Herrick S, Lee J, Ligon AH, Lowry S, Morley M, Narasimhan S, Osoegawa K, Peng Z, Plajzer-Frick I, Quade BJ, Scott D, Sirotkin K, Thorpe AA, Gray JW, Hudson J, Pinkel D, Ried T, Rowen L, Shen-Ong GL, Strausberg RL, Birney E, Callen DF, Cheng JF, Cox DR, Doggett NA, Carter NP, Eichler EE, Haussler D, Korenberg JR, Morton CC, Albertson D, Schuler G, de Jong PJ, Trask BJ. Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:953-8. [PMID: 11237021 PMCID: PMC7845515 DOI: 10.1038/35057192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have placed 7,600 cytogenetically defined landmarks on the draft sequence of the human genome to help with the characterization of genes altered by gross chromosomal aberrations that cause human disease. The landmarks are large-insert clones mapped to chromosome bands by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Each clone contains a sequence tag that is positioned on the genomic sequence. This genome-wide set of sequence-anchored clones allows structural and functional analyses of the genome. This resource represents the first comprehensive integration of cytogenetic, radiation hybrid, linkage and sequence maps of the human genome; provides an independent validation of the sequence map and framework for contig order and orientation; surveys the genome for large-scale duplications, which are likely to require special attention during sequence assembly; and allows a stringent assessment of sequence differences between the dark and light bands of chromosomes. It also provides insight into large-scale chromatin structure and the evolution of chromosomes and gene families and will accelerate our understanding of the molecular bases of human disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. G. Cheung
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 516, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsylvania USA
| | - N. Nowak
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carleton Street, Buffalo, 14263 New York USA
| | - W. Jang
- grid.419234.90000 0004 0604 5429National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Building 38A/Room 8N805, Bethesda, 20894 Maryland USA
| | - I. R. Kirsch
- grid.420086.80000 0001 2237 2479National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10/Room 12N214, Bethesda, 20889-5105 Maryland USA
| | - S. Zhao
- grid.469946.0The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850 Maryland USA
| | - X.-N. Chen
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, 90048 California USA
| | - T. S. Furey
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Computer Science Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064-1077 California USA
| | - U.-J. Kim
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 147-75, Pasadena, 91125 California USA ,Present Address: PanGenomics, 6401 Foothill Boulevard, Tujunga, California 91024 USA
| | - W.-L. Kuo
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, Box 0808, San Francisco, 94143-0808 California USA
| | - M. Olivier
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University, Genome Lab, Mail Code 5120, Stanford, 94305-5120 California USA
| | - J. Conroy
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carleton Street, Buffalo, 14263 New York USA
| | - A. Kasprzyk
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - H. Massa
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North C3-168, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, 98109-1024 Washington USA
| | - R. Yonescu
- grid.420086.80000 0001 2237 2479National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10/Room 12N214, Bethesda, 20889-5105 Maryland USA
| | - S. Sait
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carleton Street, Buffalo, 14263 New York USA
| | - C. Thoreen
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Box 357730, Seattle, 98195-7730 Washington USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPresent Address: Harvard Medical School, Cell Biology, 240 Longwood Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - A. Snijders
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, Box 0808, San Francisco, 94143-0808 California USA
| | - E. Lemyre
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Amory Lab Building 3rd floor, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
| | - J. A. Bailey
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44106 Ohio USA
| | - A. Bruzel
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 516, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsylvania USA
| | - W. D. Burrill
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - S. M. Clegg
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - S. Collins
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Box 357730, Seattle, 98195-7730 Washington USA
| | - P. Dhami
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - C. Friedman
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North C3-168, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, 98109-1024 Washington USA
| | - C. S. Han
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Joint Genome Institute-Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS M888 B-N1, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, 87545 New Mexico USA
| | - S. Herrick
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Amory Lab Building 3rd floor, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
| | - J. Lee
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 147-75, Pasadena, 91125 California USA
| | - A. H. Ligon
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Amory Lab Building 3rd floor, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
| | - S. Lowry
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Joint Genome Institute-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, 94720 California USA
| | - M. Morley
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 516, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsylvania USA
| | - S. Narasimhan
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 516, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsylvania USA
| | - K. Osoegawa
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carleton Street, Buffalo, 14263 New York USA ,grid.414016.60000 0004 0433 7727Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, 94609 California USA
| | - Z. Peng
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Joint Genome Institute-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, 94720 California USA
| | - I. Plajzer-Frick
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Joint Genome Institute-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, 94720 California USA
| | - B. J. Quade
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Amory Lab Building 3rd floor, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
| | - D. Scott
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Joint Genome Institute-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, 94720 California USA
| | - K. Sirotkin
- grid.419234.90000 0004 0604 5429National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Building 38A/Room 8N805, Bethesda, 20894 Maryland USA
| | - A. A. Thorpe
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - J. W. Gray
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, Box 0808, San Francisco, 94143-0808 California USA
| | - J. Hudson
- grid.418190.50000 0001 2187 0556Research Genetics, 2130 Memorial Parkway, Huntsville, 35801 Alabama USA
| | - D. Pinkel
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, Box 0808, San Francisco, 94143-0808 California USA
| | - T. Ried
- grid.420086.80000 0001 2237 2479National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10/Room 12N214, Bethesda, 20889-5105 Maryland USA
| | - L. Rowen
- grid.64212.330000 0004 0463 2320Institute for Systems Biology, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 200, Seattle, 98105-6099 Washington USA
| | - G. L. Shen-Ong
- grid.420086.80000 0001 2237 2479National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10/Room 12N214, Bethesda, 20889-5105 Maryland USA ,Present Address: Gene Logic, Inc., 708 Quince Orchard Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878 USA
| | - R. L. Strausberg
- grid.420086.80000 0001 2237 2479National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10/Room 12N214, Bethesda, 20889-5105 Maryland USA
| | - E. Birney
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - D. F. Callen
- grid.1694.aDepartment of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5006 South Australia Australia
| | - J.-F. Cheng
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Joint Genome Institute-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, 94720 California USA
| | - D. R. Cox
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University, Genome Lab, Mail Code 5120, Stanford, 94305-5120 California USA
| | - N. A. Doggett
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Joint Genome Institute-Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS M888 B-N1, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, 87545 New Mexico USA
| | - N. P. Carter
- Sanger Center, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - E. E. Eichler
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44106 Ohio USA
| | - D. Haussler
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Computer Science Department, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064–1077 California USA
| | - J. R. Korenberg
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, 90048 California USA
| | - C. C. Morton
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Amory Lab Building 3rd floor, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
| | - D. Albertson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, Box 0808, San Francisco, 94143-0808 California USA
| | - G. Schuler
- grid.419234.90000 0004 0604 5429National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Building 38A/Room 8N805, Bethesda, 20894 Maryland USA
| | - P. J. de Jong
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carleton Street, Buffalo, 14263 New York USA ,grid.414016.60000 0004 0433 7727Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, 94609 California USA
| | - B. J. Trask
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North C3-168, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, 98109-1024 Washington USA
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Gray J, Chin K, Collins C, Yaswin P, Nonet G, Kowbel D, Kuo WL, Garcia E, Ortiz de Solorzano C, Knowles D, Lockett S, Bissell M, Weaver V, Pinkel D, Albertson D, Børresen-Dale AL, Waldnian F. Two molecular cytogenetic views of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2000. [PMCID: PMC3300893 DOI: 10.1186/bcr195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Gray
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - K Chin
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - C Collins
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - P Yaswin
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Nonet
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Kowbel
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - W-L Kuo
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - E Garcia
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Ortiz de Solorzano
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Knowles
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Lockett
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Bissell
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V Weaver
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Pinkel
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - D Albertson
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - A-L Børresen-Dale
- Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Waldnian
- UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
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Pinkel D, Hamilton G, Jones A, Davy D, Zorn M, Segraves R, Snijders A, Livezey K, Gray J, Albertson D. Technical approaches for efficient printing of high-density microarrays and rapid, high-precision fluorescence analysis. Nat Genet 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hodgson G, Hager J, Collins C, Albertson D, Pinkel D, Hanahan D, Gray JW. High-resolution assessment of DNA loss in RIP-Tag mouse pancreatic carcinomas using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nat Genet 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Collins C, Rommens JM, Kowbel D, Godfrey T, Tanner M, Hwang SI, Polikoff D, Nonet G, Cochran J, Myambo K, Jay KE, Froula J, Cloutier T, Kuo WL, Yaswen P, Dairkee S, Giovanola J, Hutchinson GB, Isola J, Kallioniemi OP, Palazzolo M, Martin C, Ericsson C, Pinkel D, Albertson D, Li WB, Gray JW. Positional cloning of ZNF217 and NABC1: genes amplified at 20q13.2 and overexpressed in breast carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:8703-8. [PMID: 9671742 PMCID: PMC21140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the molecular cloning of an approximately 1-Mb region of recurrent amplification at 20q13.2 in breast cancer and other tumors and the delineation of a 260-kb common region of amplification. Analysis of the 1-Mb region produced evidence for five genes, ZNF217, ZNF218, and NABC1, PIC1L (PIC1-like), CYP24, and a pseudogene CRP (Cyclophillin Related Pseudogene). ZNF217 and NABC1 emerged as strong candidate oncogenes and were characterized in detail. NABC1 is predicted to encode a 585-aa protein of unknown function and is overexpressed in most but not all breast cancer cell lines in which it was amplified. ZNF217 is centrally located in the 260-kb common region of amplification, transcribed in multiple normal tissues, and overexpressed in all cell lines and tumors in which it is amplified and in two in which it is not. ZNF217 is predicted to encode alternately spliced, Kruppel-like transcription factors of 1,062 and 1,108 aa, each having a DNA-binding domain (eight C2H2 zinc fingers) and a proline-rich transcription activation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collins
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis is associated with significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Currently there is no consensus on treatment for patients with dermatomyositis. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to review the clinical features and response to therapy of patients with dermatomyositis and compare these data with previous series of patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis. METHODS Clinical characteristics of 65 patients seen during a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-one of these patients were enrolled in a prospective, uncontrolled study of treatment with high-dose prednisone followed by slow tapering. RESULTS Clinical features were similar to those previously described; however, muscle strength at diagnosis was on average greater in patients in this series than in patients previously reported. Malignancy was present in 5 of 43 adult patients (12%), but was not found in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis. Another connective tissue disease was present in 19% of patients. Twelve patients had dermatomyositis sine myositis. Eighteen of 21 patients (85%) in the prednisone study group had resolution of myositis. CONCLUSION Patients with dermatomyositis in this series had less active myositis at presentation, but were otherwise similar to patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis previously reported. Treatment with high-dose daily prednisone followed by slow tapering was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dawkins
- Department of Dermatology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1071, USA
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Albertson D, Szabo J. National battle erupts over state provider tax. MLO Med Lab Obs 1997; 29:22. [PMID: 10173582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. Feds relax interpretation of antitrust regulations. MLO Med Lab Obs 1996; 28:16. [PMID: 10161886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
The chromo domain is a phylogenetically conserved sequence motif which was identified as a region of homology between the repressor protein Pc and the heterochromatin constitutive protein HP1 of Drosophila. The specific function of the chromo domain is not yet understood, but it seems to be required for protein-protein interactions in chromatin-associated complexes. Here, we present a new chromobox-containing gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (cec-1). It encodes a nuclear protein that is present in all somatic cells from the 50- to 80-cell stage on throughout development and in adult animals. No cec-1 protein was detected in the cells of early embryos, in germ cells, and in their precursor cells Z2 and Z3. cec-1 mRNA, however, is already present in all the blastomeres of early embryos. Immunolocalization experiments revealed a homogeneous distribution of CEC-1 within interphase nuclei, while during mitosis CEC-1 seems to dissociate from the condensing chromosomes. The expression pattern of the cec-1 gene suggests that it may represent a new regulatory gene in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostoni
- Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Albertson D. Medicare faces identity crisis as program turns 30 years old. MLO Med Lab Obs 1995; 27:24, 26. [PMID: 10145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. FDA a main culprit in delayed access to technology. MLO Med Lab Obs 1995; 27:23-4. [PMID: 10144934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. Federal labor panel declares MTs "professionals". MLO Med Lab Obs 1995; 27:17-8. [PMID: 10144249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. Class action suit attacks pathology billing. MLO Med Lab Obs 1995; 27:17-8. [PMID: 10142668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. CAP (College of American Pathologists) cedes little to obtain deemed status under CLIA. MLO Med Lab Obs 1995; 27:17, 19. [PMID: 10139545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. HCFA report card: where CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988) stands. MLO Med Lab Obs 1994; 26:16-7. [PMID: 10139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. Lab coalition pushes its reform agenda. American Association for Clinical Chemistry. MLO Med Lab Obs 1994; 26:14, 16. [PMID: 10184098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. Administration tips hand on new CLIA changes. MLO Med Lab Obs 1994; 26:16-7, 19. [PMID: 10131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. How Clinton health plan would modify CLIA regs. MLO Med Lab Obs 1993; 25:19-20. [PMID: 10130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. CLIA '88 rules go final, HCFA details sweeping changes. MLO Med Lab Obs 1992; 24:17-8, 20, 88. [PMID: 10170995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. HCFA, IRS, FBI intensify fraud and abuse investigations. MLO Med Lab Obs 1992; 24:17-8. [PMID: 10117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fire A, Albertson D, Harrison SW, Moerman DG. Production of antisense RNA leads to effective and specific inhibition of gene expression in C. elegans muscle. Development 1991; 113:503-14. [PMID: 1782862 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113.2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have used an antisense strategy to effectively disrupt the expression of two genes encoding myofilament proteins present in C. elegans body wall muscles. DNA segments from the unc-22 and unc-54 genes have been placed in reverse orientation in vectors designed to produce RNA in body wall muscles. When the resulting plasmids are injected into oocytes, progeny with defects in muscle function are produced. These animals have phenotypes consistent with reduction and/or elimination of function of the gene to which antisense RNA has been produced: twitching and disorganization of muscle filaments for the unc-22 antisense constructs and lack of muscle tone, slow movement, and egg laying defects for the unc-54 antisense constructs. A fraction of the affected animals transmit the defective-muscle trait to subsequent generations. In these cases the transforming DNA is present at high copy number and cosegregates with the observed muscle defects. We have examined several of the unc-22 antisense plasmid transformed lines to determine the mechanistic basis for the observed phenotypes. The RNA product of the endogenous unc-22 locus is present at normal levels and this RNA is properly spliced in the region homologous to the antisense RNA. No evidence for modification of this RNA by deamination of adenosine to inosine was found. In affected animals the level of protein product from the endogenous unc-22 locus is greatly reduced. Antisense RNA produced from the transforming DNA was detected and was much more abundant than ‘sense’ RNA from the endogenous locus. These data suggest that the observed phenotypes result from interference with a late step in gene expression, such as transport into the cytoplasm or translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fire
- MRC Lab of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England
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Albertson D. The growing crackdown on laboratory fraud and abuse. MLO Med Lab Obs 1991; 23:24-9. [PMID: 10109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Albertson D. 1989. A year for fine-tuning. The year's top stories focus on incremental reforms in the healthcare industry. Health Ind Today 1989; 52:20-2, 26. [PMID: 10296368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Albertson D. Finding the way back home. Health Ind Today 1989; 52:29-30, 34. [PMID: 10304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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49
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Rabbitts P, Douglas J, Daly M, Sundaresan V, Fox B, Haselton P, Wells F, Albertson D, Waters J, Bergh J. Frequency and extent of allelic loss in the short arm of chromosome 3 in nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1989; 1:95-105. [PMID: 2577272 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA was prepared from tumour and normal tissue from 48 patients representing all common histological types of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Using eight DNA probes, which detect nine restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) on chromosome 3, we established that among the 44 informative patients 32 had lost alleles on the short arm of one of their copies of chromosome 3. Of these 32, at least 13 had also lost alleles on the long arm of chromosome 3, suggesting that the whole chromosome might be lost. For one patient, cytogenetic analysis indicated that the mechanism of allelic loss was reciprocal translocation followed by chromosomal loss of one of the reciprocal products. Two patients with allelic loss distal to the D3S3 locus (which maps to 3p13-14) retained heterozygosity at that locus. These results indicate that loss of alleles on the short arm of chromosome 3 is a common event in lung tumours of the nonsmall-cell type, that this loss occurs by a variety of chromosomal mechanisms, and that the minimally deleted region is 3p13-14----3pter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabbitts
- MRC Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapeutics Unit, MRC Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Albertson D. How we'll ration healthcare. Health Ind Today 1989; 52:19-21. [PMID: 10295552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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