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Lynch JA, Lim JK, Asaga PEP, Wartel TA, Marti M, Yakubu B, Rees H, Talaat K, Kmush B, Aggarwal R, Ciglenecki I, Gurley E, Labrique AB. Hepatitis E vaccine-Illuminating the barriers to use. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010969. [PMID: 36602994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Melanie Marti
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beno Yakubu
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Nigeria
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kawsar Talaat
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brittany Kmush
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Emily Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Wang Y, Tai Y, Zhang Y, Yan J, Zhao D, Wang X, Gurley E, Hylemon P, Chen W, Zhou H. Intestinal HuR deficiency exacerbates diet‐induced fatty liver disease. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuan Zhang
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Junkai Yan
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | - Xuan Wang
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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3
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Wang Y, Xiang D, Chen W, Zhao D, Gurley E, Wang X, Pu G, Tai Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Yan J, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Berberine attenuates cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in Mdr2
−/−
mice by maintaining bile acid homeostasis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ge Pu
- Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | | | - Jilin Wu
- Virginia Commonwealth University
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4
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Liu R, Kang JD, Sartor RB, Sikaroodi M, Fagan A, Gavis EA, Zhou H, Hylemon PB, Herzog JW, Li X, Lippman RH, Gonzalez-Maeso J, Wade JB, Ghosh S, Gurley E, Gillevet PM, Bajaj JS. Neuroinflammation in Murine Cirrhosis Is Dependent on the Gut Microbiome and Is Attenuated by Fecal Transplant. Hepatology 2020; 71:611-626. [PMID: 31220352 PMCID: PMC6923631 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with an altered gut-liver-brain axis. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) after antibiotics improves outcomes in HE, but the impact on brain function is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of colonization using human donors in germ-free (GF) mice on the gut-liver-brain axis. GF and conventional mice were made cirrhotic using carbon tetrachloride and compared with controls in GF and conventional state. Additional GF mice were colonized with stool from controls (Ctrl-Hum) and patients with cirrhosis (Cirr-Hum). Stools from patients with HE cirrhosis after antibiotics were pooled (pre-FMT). Stools from the same patients 15 days after FMT from a healthy donor were also pooled (post-FMT). Sterile supernatants were created from pre-FMT and post-FMT samples. GF mice were colonized using stools/sterile supernatants. For all mice, frontal cortex, liver, and small/large intestines were collected. Cortical inflammation, synaptic plasticity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling, and liver inflammation and intestinal 16s ribosomal RNA microbiota sequencing were performed. Conventional cirrhotic mice had higher degrees of neuroinflammation, microglial/glial activation, GABA signaling, and intestinal dysbiosis compared with other groups. Cirr-Hum mice had greater neuroinflammation, microglial/glial activation, and GABA signaling and lower synaptic plasticity compared with Ctrl-Hum mice. This was associated with greater dysbiosis but no change in liver histology. Pre-FMT material colonization was associated with neuroinflammation and microglial activation and dysbiosis, which was reduced significantly with post-FMT samples. Sterile pre-FMT and post-FMT supernatants did not affect brain parameters. Liver inflammation was unaffected. Conclusion: Fecal microbial colonization from patients with cirrhosis results in higher degrees of neuroinflammation and activation of GABAergic and neuronal activation in mice regardless of cirrhosis compared with those from healthy humans. Reduction in neuroinflammation by using samples from post-FMT patients to colonize GF mice shows a direct effect of fecal microbiota independent of active liver inflammation or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Jason D. Kang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- National Gnotobiotic Rodent Resource Center, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Andrew Fagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Edith A. Gavis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Jeremy W. Herzog
- National Gnotobiotic Rodent Resource Center, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Robert H. Lippman
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - James B. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Siddhartha Ghosh
- Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Emily Gurley
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
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Salje H, Paul KK, Paul R, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Rahman Z, Alam MS, Rahman M, Al-Amin HM, Heffelfinger J, Gurley E. Nationally-representative serostudy of dengue in Bangladesh allows generalizable disease burden estimates. eLife 2019; 8:42869. [PMID: 30958263 PMCID: PMC6513551 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serostudies are needed to answer generalizable questions on disease risk. However, recruitment is usually biased by age or location. We present a nationally-representative study for dengue from 70 communities in Bangladesh. We collected data on risk factors, trapped mosquitoes and tested serum for IgG. Out of 5866 individuals, 24% had evidence of historic infection, ranging from 3% in the north to >80% in Dhaka. Being male (aOR:1.8, [95%CI:1.5–2.0]) and recent travel (aOR:1.3, [1.1–1.8]) were linked to seropositivity. We estimate that 40 million [34.3–47.2] people have been infected nationally, with 2.4 million ([1.3–4.5]) annual infections. Had we visited only 20 communities, seropositivity estimates would have ranged from 13% to 37%, highlighting the lack of representativeness generated by small numbers of communities. Our findings have implications for both the design of serosurveys and tackling dengue in Bangladesh. Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that infects millions of people each year. Often the countries most affected by the virus, such as Bangladesh, do not have the resources needed to tackle the disease. For resources sent to these countries to have the greatest impact, it is important to know which areas are most affected, and which subsets of the population are most at risk. A way to gather this information is to test for dengue virus antibodies a protein produced by the immune system in response to the infection in the blood of individuals. However, previous efforts to use these tests to understand dengue risk in communities have generally only been done in single locations, typically a major city, and the findings of these tests are unlikely to be applicable to the wider population. Now, Salje et al. have visited 70 different communities from all around Bangladesh and used these tests on blood samples collected from over 5,000 individuals from a range of age-groups. From these measurements it was estimated that an average 2.4 million people are infected with dengue each year in Bangladesh, with major cities, such as Dhaka, experiencing more concentrated levels. The exposure to dengue outside major cities was much lower, and men, who tend to travel more, were found to be at greater risk of infection. Salje et al. also showed that using a small number of communities to estimate national levels of infection led to misleading results. This highlights the danger of using information collected from a limited number of places to represent the effects of a disease on the wider population. Public health agencies in Bangladesh will be able to use this information to tackle dengue more effectively, focusing on the areas and the populations most affected by the disease. In addition, the design and analytical approaches used in this study could be applied to other countries, and to different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Salje
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kishor Kumar Paul
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Repon Paul
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmadur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - James Heffelfinger
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Emily Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
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Liu R, Ahluwalia V, Kang JD, Ghosh SS, Zhou H, Li Y, Zhao D, Gurley E, Li X, White MB, Fagan A, Lippman HR, Wade JB, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS. Effect of Increasing Age on Brain Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:63-73. [PMID: 30619995 PMCID: PMC6312655 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are growing older, which could have an impact on brain dysfunction beyond hepatic encephalopathy. Our aim was to study the effect of concomitant aging and cirrhosis on brain inflammation and degeneration using human and animal experiments. For the human study, age-matched patients with cirrhosis and controls between 65 and 85 years underwent cognitive testing, quality of life (QOL) assessment, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and resting state functional MR imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis. Data were compared between groups. For the animal study, young (10-12 weeks) and old (1.5 years) C57BL/6 mice were given either CCl4 gavage to develop cirrhosis or a vehicle control and were followed for 12 weeks. Cortical messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor β [TGF-β], and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), sirtuin-1, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synaptic plasticity (neuroligin-2 [NLG2], discs large homolog 4 [DLG4], GABA receptor, subunit gamma 1/subunit B1 [GABRG1/B1]) were analyzed and compared between younger/older control and cirrhotic mice. The human study included 46 subjects (23/group). Patients with cirrhosis had worse QOL and cognition. On MR spectroscopy, patients with cirrhosis had worse changes related to ammonia and lower N-acetyl aspartate, whereas rs-fMRI analysis revealed that these patients demonstrated functional connectivity changes in the frontoparietal cortical region compared to controls. Results of the animal study showed that older mice required lower CCl4 to reach cirrhosis. Older mice, especially with cirrhosis, demonstrated higher cortical inflammatory mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TGF-β; higher glial and microglial activation; and lower sirtuin-1 expression compared to younger mice. Older mice also had lower expression of DLG4, an excitatory synaptic organizer, and higher NLG2 and GABRG1/B1 receptor expression, indicating a predominantly inhibitory synaptic organization. Conclusion: Aging modulates brain changes in cirrhosis; this can affect QOL, cognition, and brain connectivity. Cortical inflammation, microglial activation, and altered GABA-ergic synaptic plasticity could be contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Jason D. Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Division of NephrologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Derrick Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Emily Gurley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Melanie B. White
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Andrew Fagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - H. Robert Lippman
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- PathologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - James B. Wade
- PsychiatryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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Epstein J, Anthony S, Islam A, Kilpatrick A, Khan SA, Ross N, Smith I, Barr J, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Tao Y, Islam A, Quan P, Olival K, Gurley E, Hossain M, Field H, Fielder M, Briese T, Rahman M, Crameri G, Wang LF, Luby S, Lipkin W, Daszak P. Nipah virus ecology and infection dynamics in its bat reservoir, Pteropus medius, in Bangladesh. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gerloff NA, Khan SU, Balish A, Shanta IS, Simpson N, Berman L, Haider N, Poh MK, Islam A, Gurley E, Hasnat MA, Dey T, Shu B, Emery S, Lindstrom S, Haque A, Klimov A, Villanueva J, Rahman M, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Ziaur Rahman M, Luby SP, Zeidner N, Donis RO, Sturm-Ramirez K, Davis CT. Multiple reassortment events among highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses detected in Bangladesh. Virology 2014; 450-451:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sultana R, Nahar N, Rimi N, Azad S, Islam MS, Gurley E, Luby S. Backyard poultry raising in Bangladesh: a valued resource for the villagers and a setting for zoonotic transmission of avian influenza. A qualitative study. Rural Remote Health 2012. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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10
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Pecora BS, Sun L, Wu X, Zha W, Gurley E, Studer E, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Zhang L, Wang G, Zhou H. HIV protease inhibitors activate the ER stress response and disrupt the lipid metabolism in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.871.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth S Pecora
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xudong Wu
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Weibin Zha
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Emily Gurley
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Elaine Studer
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - William M. Pandak
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Guangji Wang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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Montgomery JM, Hossain MJ, Gurley E, Carroll GDS, Croisier A, Bertherat E, Asgari N, Formenty P, Keeler N, Comer J, Bell MR, Akram K, Molla AR, Zaman K, Islam MR, Wagoner K, Mills JN, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Breiman RF. Risk factors for Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1526-32. [PMID: 18826814 PMCID: PMC2609878 DOI: 10.3201/eid1410.060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients in Goalando were likely infected by direct contact with fruit bats or their secretions, rather than through contact with an intermediate host. Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans. During January 2004, twelve patients with NiV encephalitis (NiVE) were identified in west-central Bangladesh. A case–control study was conducted to identify factors associated with NiV infection. NiVE patients from the outbreak were enrolled in a matched case-control study. Exact odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a matched analysis. Climbing trees (83% of cases vs. 51% of controls, OR 8.2, 95% CI 1.25–∞) and contact with another NiVE patient (67% of cases vs. 9% of controls, OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.78–966.1) were associated with infection. We did not identify an increased risk for NiV infection among persons who had contact with a potential intermediate host. Although we cannot rule out person-to-person transmission, case-patients were likely infected from contact with fruit bats or their secretions.
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12
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Wu X, Zhang L, Gurley E, Studer E, Shang J, Wang T, Wang C, Yan M, Jiang Z, Hylemon PB, Sanyal AJ, Pandak WM, Zhou H. Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways. Hepatology 2008; 47:1905-15. [PMID: 18452148 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and affects millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, the exact molecular/cellular mechanisms remain obscure and effective therapeutic strategies are still limited. It is well-accepted that free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Inhibition of FFA-associated hepatic toxicity represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Glycyrrhizin (GL), the major bioactive component of licorice root extract, has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating activities. GL has been used to treat hepatitis to reduce liver inflammation and hepatic injury; however, the mechanism underlying the antihepatic injury property of GL is still poorly understood. In this report, we provide evidence that 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the biologically active metabolite of GL, prevented FFA-induced lipid accumulation and cell apoptosis in in vitro HepG2 (human liver cell line) NAFLD models. GA also prevented high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipotoxicity and liver injury in in vivo rat NAFLD models. GA was found to stabilize lysosomal membranes, inhibit cathepsin B expression and enzyme activity, inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and reduce FFA-induced oxidative stress. These characteristics may represent major cellular mechanisms, which account for its protective effects on FFA/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. CONCLUSION GA significantly reduced FFA/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by stabilizing the integrity of lysosomes and mitochondria and inhibiting cathepsin B expression and enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamic Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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13
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Nessa K, Alam A, Chawdhury FAH, Huq M, Nahar S, Salauddin G, Khursheed S, Rahman S, Gurley E, Breiman RF, Rahman M. Field Evaluation of Simple Rapid Tests in the Diagnosis of Syphilis. Int J STD AIDS 2008; 19:316-20. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the sensitivity and specificity of rapid syphilis diagnostic tests (immunochromatographic strip [ICS] test and rapid test device [RTD]) performed by low-skilled paramedics in field clinics and by highly-skilled technologists in laboratories and compare them with the gold standard (rapid plasma reagin [RPR] and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination [TPHA]) tests for diagnosis of syphilis. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female sex workers (FSWs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2004 to July 2005. Blood specimens were tested for syphilis using (i) ICS, (ii) RTD, (iii) RPR tests performed by low-skilled paramedics; and (i) ICS, (ii) RTD, (iii) RPR and (iv) TPHA tests by highly-skilled technologists. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICS and RTD test performed by low- and highly-skilled personnel were compared with the gold standard. A total of 684 FSWs were enrolled and the prevalence of syphilis among FSWs was 20.8% as determined by the gold standard. There was no significant difference in the performance of ICS test done by paramedics in the field when compared with the gold standard performed by highly-skilled technologists in the laboratory (sensitivity, 94.45%; specificity, 92.6%). The ICS test could fulfil the need for a non-invasive, rapid screening test for syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Nessa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Anadil Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | | | - Mohsina Huq
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gazi Salauddin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Shayema Khursheed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Saifur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Emily Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Robert F Breiman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
| | - Motiur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000
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Liang G, Chen L, Wu X, Gurley E, Studer E, Wang X, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Li X, Zhang L, Zhou H. Prevention of HIV protease inhibitor‐induced inflammatory response and ER stress by berberine in macrophages. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1037.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- College of PharmacyWenzhou Medical CollegeWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xudong Wu
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Jiangsu Center for Drug ScreeningChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Emily Gurley
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Elaine Studer
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - William M Pandak
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of PharmacyWenzhou Medical CollegeWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug ScreeningChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- College of PharmacyWenzhou Medical CollegeWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
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15
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Wu X, Zhang L, Shang J, Gurley E, Studer E, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Sanyal AJ, Zhou H. Prevention of free fatty acids/high fat diet‐induced hepatic lipotoxicity by 18
β
glycyrrhetinic acid. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1138.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Microbiology and Immunology
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamic Research and EvaluationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamic Research and EvaluationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Shang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamic Research and EvaluationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Medicine/GI DivisionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Microbiology and Immunology
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamic Research and EvaluationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
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16
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Chen L, Jarujaron S, Wu X, Gurley E, Studer E, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Cao R, Zhang L, Zhou H. HIV protease inhibitor‐induced inflammatory response is coupled to ER Stress and MAPKs signaling pathways in macrophages. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1129.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Liang G, Li X, Chen L, Yang S, Wu X, Studer E, Gurley E, Hylemon PB, Ye F, Li Y, Zhou H. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1525-9. [PMID: 18234497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activities. However, its potential beneficial effects on various disease preventions and treatments are limited by its unstable structure. The beta-diketone moiety renders curcumin to be rapidly metabolized by aldo-keto reductase in liver. In the present study, a series of curcumin analogues with more stable chemical structures were synthesized and several compounds showed an enhanced ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 synthesis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
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18
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Mercer A, Khanam R, Gurley E, Azim T. Sexual Risk Behavior of Married Men and Women in Bangladesh Associated With Husbands’ Work Migration and Living Apart. Sex Transm Dis 2007; 34:265-73. [PMID: 17028511 DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000240384.61924.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of sexual risk behavior among married men and women who had, or had not, lived apart from their spouse as a result of the husbands' work migration. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a random sample of 1,175 married women and 703 married men in 2 rural areas of Bangladesh. RESULTS Extramarital sex was reported by 64.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58.7-69.7) of 296 men and 8.6% (95% CI = 7.6-9.6) of 779 women who had lived apart from their spouse, 2 to 3 times higher than the proportions among those who had not lived apart (P <0.05). The proportions of men who reported sex with a female sex worker (50.7%; 95% CI = 45.0-56.4) or with another male (5.4%; 95% CI = 2.8-8.0), while living away, were double the proportions reporting they had done so before living away or among men who had not lived away (P <0.05). Only 2 men had ever used had a condom during sex with another male, and less than one third of men had used a condom during sex with a sex worker or during marital sex. CONCLUSIONS The sexual risk behavior of married men living away from home may put themselves and their wives at risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mercer
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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19
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Luby SP, Rahman M, Hossain MJ, Blum LS, Husain MM, Gurley E, Khan R, Ahmed BN, Rahman S, Nahar N, Kenah E, Comer JA, Ksiazek TG. Foodborne transmission of Nipah virus, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1888-94. [PMID: 17326940 PMCID: PMC3291367 DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated an outbreak of encephalitis in Tangail District, Bangladesh. We defined case-patients as persons from the outbreak area in whom fever developed with new onset of seizures or altered mental status from December 15, 2004, through January 31, 2005. Twelve persons met the definition; 11 (92%) died. Serum specimens were available from 3; 2 had immunoglobulin M antibodies against Nipah virus by capture enzyme immunoassay. We enrolled 11 case-patients and 33 neighborhood controls in a case-control study. The only exposure significantly associated with illness was drinking raw date palm sap (64% among case-patients vs. 18% among controls, odds ratio [OR] 7.9, p = 0.01). Fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus) are a nuisance to date palm sap collectors because the bats drink from the clay pots used to collect the sap at night. This investigation suggests that Nipah virus was transmitted from P. giganteus to persons through drinking fresh date palm sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Luby
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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20
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Ren S, Hylemon PB, Marques D, Gurley E, Bodhan P, Hall E, Redford K, Gil G, Pandak WM. Overexpression of cholesterol transporter StAR increases in vivo rates of bile acid synthesis in the rat and mouse. Hepatology 2004; 40:910-7. [PMID: 15382124 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid synthesis (BAS) occurs mainly via two pathways: the "neutral" pathway, which is initiated by highly regulated microsomal CYP7A1, and an "acidic" pathway, which is initiated by mitochondrial CYP27A1. Previously, we have shown that overexpression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a mitochondrial cholesterol transport protein, increases bile acid biosynthesis more than 5-fold via the acidic pathway in primary rat hepatocytes. This observation suggests that mitochondrial cholesterol transport is the rate-limiting step of BAS via this pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased StAR on rates of BAS in vivo. Overexpression of StAR and CYP7A1 were mediated via infection with recombinant adenoviruses. BAS rates were determined in chronic biliary-diverted rats and mice, and in mice with an intact enterohepatic circulation. The protein/messenger RNA levels of StAR and CYP7A1 increased dramatically following overexpression. Overexpression of StAR or CYP7A1 led to a similar 2-fold (P <.01) increase in BAS over up-regulated (approximately 2-fold) 3-day chronic biliary-diverted control rats. Additionally, overexpression of StAR led to more than 3- and 6-fold increases over controls in the rates of BAS in biliary-diverted and intact mice, respectively (P <.01). In conclusion, in both rats and mice in vivo, overexpression of StAR led to a marked increase in the rates of BAS initiated by delivery of cholesterol to mitochondria containing CYP27A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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21
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Ren S, Hylemon PB, Marques D, Gurley E, Bodhan P, Hall E, Redford K, Gil G, Pandak WM. Overexpression of cholesterol transporter StAR increases in vivo rates of bile acid synthesis in the rat and mouse. Hepatology 2004. [PMID: 15382124 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid synthesis (BAS) occurs mainly via two pathways: the "neutral" pathway, which is initiated by highly regulated microsomal CYP7A1, and an "acidic" pathway, which is initiated by mitochondrial CYP27A1. Previously, we have shown that overexpression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a mitochondrial cholesterol transport protein, increases bile acid biosynthesis more than 5-fold via the acidic pathway in primary rat hepatocytes. This observation suggests that mitochondrial cholesterol transport is the rate-limiting step of BAS via this pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased StAR on rates of BAS in vivo. Overexpression of StAR and CYP7A1 were mediated via infection with recombinant adenoviruses. BAS rates were determined in chronic biliary-diverted rats and mice, and in mice with an intact enterohepatic circulation. The protein/messenger RNA levels of StAR and CYP7A1 increased dramatically following overexpression. Overexpression of StAR or CYP7A1 led to a similar 2-fold (P <.01) increase in BAS over up-regulated (approximately 2-fold) 3-day chronic biliary-diverted control rats. Additionally, overexpression of StAR led to more than 3- and 6-fold increases over controls in the rates of BAS in biliary-diverted and intact mice, respectively (P <.01). In conclusion, in both rats and mice in vivo, overexpression of StAR led to a marked increase in the rates of BAS initiated by delivery of cholesterol to mitochondria containing CYP27A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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