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Park HJ, Choi EA, Choi SM, Choi YK, Lee JI, Jung KC. IL-4/IL-4 Ab complex enhances the accumulation of both antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in mouse lungs infected with influenza A virus. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:32. [PMID: 38037190 PMCID: PMC10691054 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike conventional T cells, innate and virtual-memory CD8 T cells in naïve mice acquire their memory phenotypes and functions in the absence of antigenic encounters in a cytokine-dependent manner. The relevant cytokines include interleukin-4 (IL-4), type I interferon, and interleukin-15 (IL-15). Moreover, exogenous IL-4 can also induce de novo generation and/or expansion of the virtual-memory CD8 T cell population. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous IL-4 could enhance the immune response to a viral infection. RESULTS In vivo administration of IL-4 and an anti-IL-4 antibody complex (IL-4C) increased CXCR3 expression in both memory and naïve phenotype CD8 T cells in the absence of antigenic stimulation, and protected mice from lethal influenza infection. Flow cytometric analysis of lung-infiltrating immune cells on day 5 after virus infection revealed higher numbers of antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in IL-4C-treated mice than in control mice. In particular, the bystander CD8 T cells were a naïve or evident memory phenotypes. Crucially, an anti-CXCR3 blocking antibody abrogated this IL-4C effect, reflecting that the increased accumulation of CD8 T cells in the lungs after IL-4C treatment is dependent on CXCR3. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that exogenous IL-4C plays a protective role by enhancing CXCR3-dependent migration of CD8 T cells into influenza-infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Oh EJ, Chung YJ, Lee JH, Kwon EJ, Choi EA, On YK, Min JJ. Comparison of propofol vs. remimazolam on emergence profiles after general anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth 2023; 90:111223. [PMID: 37506483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The emergence profiles in patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia with either propofol or remimazolam with flumazenil reversal were compared. DESIGN A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. SETTING An operating room and a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). PATIENTS Adult patients (n = 100) having American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned to the propofol or the remimazolam group. INTERVENTIONS The propofol group received target-controlled infusion of propofol, and the remimazolam group received continuous infusion of remimazolam. Continuous infusion of remifentanil was used in both groups. For emergence, flumazenil was used in increments of 0.2 mg in the remimazolam group. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the time required for the patient to obey verbal commands. The secondary outcomes included the time to bispectral index (BIS) over 80, the time to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores in the PACU, and adverse events throughout the study period. MAIN RESULTS The time taken to obey verbal commands was significantly longer in the propofol group than the remimazolam group (14 [9, 19]) vs. 5 [3, 7]) minutes, P < 0.001; median difference -9, 95% confidence interval -11 to -6). The times to BIS over 80 and to LMA removal were also significantly longer in the propofol group. In addition, the RASS score upon arrival to the PACU differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.006). Re-sedation in the PACU was observed in 11 (22%) of the patients in the remimazolam group. CONCLUSIONS Remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia with flumazenil reversal may be effective in reducing emergence time, but a significant incidence of re-sedation was observed in the PACU. Further studies are needed to determine adequate dose and timing of routine flumazenil use and minimize the risk of re-sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Joo Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jin Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi EA, Park HJ, Choi SM, Lee JI, Jung KC. Prevention of severe lung immunopathology associated with influenza infection through adeno-associated virus vector administration. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:26. [PMID: 37904257 PMCID: PMC10614381 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have long posed a threat to humans, occasionally causing significant morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response is triggered by infected epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. However, an exaggerated innate immune response can result in severe lung injury and even host mortality. One notable pathology observed in hosts succumbing to severe influenza is the excessive influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lung. In this study, we investigated a strategy for controlling lung immunopathology following severe influenza infection. RESULTS To evaluate the impact of innate immunity on influenza-associated lung injury, we employed CB17.SCID and NOD.SCID mice. NOD.SCID mice exhibited slower weight loss and longer survival than CB17.SCID mice following influenza infection. Lung inflammation was reduced in NOD.SCID mice compared to CB17.SCID mice. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue showed significant downregulation of 827 genes, and differentially expressed gene analysis indicated that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was predominantly downregulated in NOD.SCID mice. Interestingly, the expression of the Cxcl14 gene was higher in the lungs of influenza-infected NOD.SCID mice than in CB17.SCID mice. Therefore, we induced overexpression of the Cxcl14 gene in the lung using the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-vector system for target gene delivery. However, when we administered the AAV9 vector carrying the Cxcl14 gene or a control AAV9 vector to BALB/c mice from both groups, the morbidity and mortality rates remained similar. Both groups exhibited lower morbidity and mortality than the naive group that did not receive the AAV9 vector prior to IAV infection, suggesting that the pre-administration of the AAV9 vector conferred protection against lethal influenza infection, irrespective of Cxcl14 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that pre-inoculation of BALB/c mice with AAV9 attenuated the infiltration of trans-macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes in the lungs following IAV infection. Although there was no difference in lung viral titers between the naive group and the AAV9 pre-inoculated group, pre-inoculation with AAV9 conferred lung injury protection against lethal influenza infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that pre-inoculation with AAV9 prior to IAV infection protected mouse lungs from immunopathology by reducing the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Oh EJ, Kim J, Kim BG, Han S, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS, Choi EA, Kang J, Park HY. Intraoperative Factors Modifying the Risk of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Living Donor Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:1748-1755. [PMID: 36959123 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between intraoperative anesthetic management and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after liver transplantation is not fully understood. We aimed to determine the intraoperative contributors to PPC. METHODS The retrospectively collected cohort included 605 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation. PPCs comprised respiratory failure, respiratory infection, pulmonary edema, atelectasis (at least moderate degree), pneumothorax, and pleural effusion (at least moderate degree). The presence and type of PPC were evaluated by 2 pulmonary physicians. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between perioperative variables and PPC risk. RESULTS Of the 605 patients, 318 patients (52.6%) developed 486 PPCs. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that PPC risk decreased with low tidal volume ventilation (odds ratio [OR] 0.62 [0.41-0.94], P = 0.023) and increased with greater driving pressure at the end of surgery (OR 1.08 [1.01-1.14], P = 0.018), prolonged hypotension (OR 1.85 [1.27-2.70], P = 0.001), and blood albumin level ≤3.0 g/dL at the end of surgery (OR 2.43 [1.51-3.92], P < 0.001). Survival probability at 3, 6, and 12 mo after transplantation was 91.2%, 89.6%, and 86.5%, respectively, in patients with PPCs and 98.3%, 96.5%, and 93.4%, respectively, in patients without PPCs (hazard ratio 2.2 [1.3-3.6], P = 0.004). Graft survival probability at 3, 6, and 12 mo after transplantation was 89.3%, 87.1%, and 84.3%, respectively, in patients with PPCs and 97.6%, 95.8%, and 92.7%, respectively, in patients without PPCs (hazard ratio 2.3 [1.4-3.7], P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that tidal volume, driving pressure, hypotension, and albumin level during living donor liver transplantation were significantly associated with PPC risk. These data may help determine patients at risk of PPC or develop an intraoperative lung-protective strategy for liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Jeayoun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Guen Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh EJ, Han S, Lee S, Choi EA, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS. Forced-air prewarming prevents hypothermia during living donor liver transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3713. [PMID: 37024533 PMCID: PMC10079654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite various intraoperative thermal strategies, core heat loss is considerable during liver transplantation and hypothermia is common. We tested whether forced-air prewarming prevents hypothermia during liver transplantation. Adult patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation were randomly assigned to non-prewarming group (n = 20) or prewarming group (n = 20). Patients in prewarming group underwent 30-min forced-air warming before anesthetic induction. During surgery, core temperature was measured in the pulmonary artery. The primary outcome was intraoperative hypothermia (< 36.0 °C). The secondary outcomes included plasma lactate concentration. Intraoperative hypothermia risk was significantly lower in prewarming group than in non-prewarming group (60.0% vs. 95.0%, P = 0.020). The difference in hypothermia incidence between groups was greater in the post-induction phase (20.0% vs. 85.0%, P < 0.001) than in the anhepatic or post-reperfusion phase, suggesting that prewarming mainly acts on preventing post-induction core-to-peripheral heat redistribution. Hypothermia duration was significantly shorter in prewarming group (60 [0-221] min vs. 383 [108-426] min, P = 0.001). Lactate concentration decreased during 3 h after graft reperfusion in prewarming group, whereas it continuously increased in non-prewarming group (- 0.19 [- 0.48 to 0.13] mmol/L vs. 1.17 [3.31-0.77] mmol/L, P = 0.034). In conclusion, forced-air prewarming decreases the incidence and duration of intraoperative hypothermia with potential clinical benefit while mainly acting by preventing the core-to-peripheral heat redistribution.Clinical trial registration: Registered at the Clinical Research Information Service ( https://cris.nih.go.kr , [KCT0003230]) on 01/10/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Justin S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
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Oh EJ, Kim BG, Park S, Han S, Shin B, Lee H, Shin SH, Kim J, Choi D, Choi EA, Park HY. The impact of driving pressure on postoperative pulmonary complication in patients with different respiratory spirometry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20875. [PMID: 36463247 PMCID: PMC9719554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) have not been determined according to preoperative respiratory spirometry. Thus, we aimed to find contributors for PPC in patients with restrictive or normal spirometric pattern. We analyzed 654 patients (379 with normal and 275 with restrictive spirometric pattern). PPCs comprised respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, respiratory infection, and bronchospasm. We analyzed the association between perioperative factors and PPC using binary logistic regression. In particular, we conducted subgroup analysis on the patients stratified according to preoperative spirometry. Of 654 patients, 27/379 patients (7.1%) with normal spirometric pattern and 33/275 patients (12.0%) with restrictive spirometric pattern developed PPCs. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that high driving pressure was the only intraoperative modifiable factor increasing PPC risk (OR = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], p = 0.025). In the subgroup of patients with restrictive spirometric pattern, intraoperative driving pressure was significantly associated with PPC (OR = 1.21 [1.05-1.39], p = 0.009), whereas driving pressure was not associated with PPC in patients with normal spirometric pattern (OR = 1.04 [0.89-1.21], p = 0.639). In patients with restrictive spirometric pattern, greater intraoperative driving pressure is significantly associated with increased PPC risk. In contrast, intraoperative driving pressure is not associated with PPC in patients with normal spirometric pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Guen Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukhee Park
- grid.411199.50000 0004 0470 5702Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomsu Shin
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeayoun Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dancheong Choi
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park DW, Kim KG, Choi EA, Kang GR, Kim TS, Yang YS, Moon SJ, Ha DR, Kim ES, Cho BS. Pesticide residues in leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables from South Korea: a long-term study on safety and health risk assessment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:105-18. [PMID: 26571090 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
South Korea has a unique food culture. South Koreans enjoy wrapping meat and eating or making kimchi (traditionally fermented Korean food) and eating using raw leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables. Therefore, there is a high chance of being exposed to pesticide residues of vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables from South Korea. A total of 8496 samples were mainly collected from Gwangju and Jeonnam area (the largest production region of leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables) in South Korea from 2010 to 2014. A total of 230 pesticides were used for multi-residue analysis of pesticides. Among 8496 samples, 61 different pesticides (1029 times) were detected in 890 samples, of which 118 samples (1.4%) exceeded the Korea maximum residue limits (MRLs). Samples exceeding the MRLs were mostly found in leafy vegetables (brassica lee ssp. namai, leafy lettuce, spinach, perilla leaves, crown daisy, marsh mallow, aster scaber, pimpinella brachycarpa) and Chinese chive. Procymidone, dimethomorph and azoxystrobin were the most frequently found pesticides. A risk assessment of pesticides exceeding the MRLs was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The ratio of EDI to ADI was 0.003-30.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Woong Park
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Kwang Gon Kim
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Gyeong Ri Kang
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Tae Sun Kim
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Yong Shik Yang
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Su Jin Moon
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Dong Ryong Ha
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Bae Sik Cho
- a Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center , Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju , Gwangju , Korea
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Choi EA, Chang HC. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a putative probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum EM isolated from kimchi. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jeong JW, Kim KW, Lee DY, Lee SB, Park JH, Choi EA, Choe JY, Do YJ, Ryang JS, Roh HA, Park YS, Choi Y, Woo JI. A normative study of the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale: comparison of demographic influences between the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale and the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24:288-93. [PMID: 17717415 DOI: 10.1159/000107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated the demographic influence on the performance of the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and provided normative data of the HDS-R in the elderly. METHODS The HDS-R was administered to 803 community-dwelling cognitively normal elderly subjects aged 55 years or over. Cognitive disorders and psychiatric disorders were strictly excluded using the CERAD-K assessment packet and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The demographic influence on the performance of the HDS-R was examined using multiple linear regression analyses, and compared with that on the performance of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) using the Chow test and t statistics. Overlapping strata were used in developing age-, education- and gender-specific normative data of the HDS-R. RESULTS Age, education, and gender influenced significantly the performance of the HDS-R, and explained 22.5% of the total score variance. Older age, lower education, and male gender were associated with lower performance of the HDS-R. However, the demographic influence on the HDS-R was much weaker than that on the MMSE (t = 5.578, d.f. = 800, p < 0.001). The normative data of the HDS-R stratified by age (60-69, 70-79, > or =80), education (0-6, 7-12, > or =13), and gender were presented. CONCLUSIONS The HDS-R was more robust to demographic influences than the MMSE, and normative data may contribute to improving further its diagnostic accuracy for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Jeong
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Park JH, Lee SB, Lee TJ, Lee DY, Jhoo JH, Youn JC, Choo IH, Choi EA, Jeong JW, Choe JY, Woo JI, Kim KW. Depression in vascular dementia is quantitatively and qualitatively different from depression in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 23:67-73. [PMID: 17114882 DOI: 10.1159/000097039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare the prevalence and characteristics of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) after adjusting for dementia severity and gender. METHODS One hundred and eight pairs of VaD and AD patients matched for dementia severity and gender were assessed. RESULTS Major depressive disorder (MDD) was more prevalent in the VaD group than in the AD group (20.4% in VaD, 10.2% in AD, p = 0.04, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel, CMH, test) regardless of the dementia severity and gender. The odds ratio for developing MDD in the VaD group versus the AD group was estimated to be 2.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-4.74). Neurovegetative symptoms such as 'felt tired and weak all the time' (30.6% in VaD, 13.9% in AD, p = 0.003, CMH test) and 'changed weight without trying' (16.7% in VaD, 6.5% in AD, p = 0.02, CMH test) were more prevalent in the VaD group than in the AD group. CONCLUSION Depression in VaD was quantitatively and qualitatively different from that in AD regardless of the severity of dementia and gender; depression was more prevalent, severer and more retarded and vegetative in VaD than in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Gyeonggido, Korea
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11
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Al-Refaie WB, Choi EA, Tseng JF, Tamm EP, Lee JH, Lee JE, Evans DB, Pisters PWT. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Med Princ Pract 2006; 15:245-52. [PMID: 16763389 DOI: 10.1159/000092985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the exocrine pancreatic classification by the World Health Organization and improvements in pancreatic imaging have led to an improved understanding of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. As a result, IPMNs of the pancreas are increasingly being recognized as a separate disease entity. IPMNs are characterized by the cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct and its branches, with papillary projections. There are three histological subtypes of IPMNs: main duct, branch duct, and mixed. The degree of atypia ranges from adenoma to frank invasive carcinoma. The lymph nodes are involved considerably less frequently than they are in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Most patients are symptomatic at diagnosis and require a diagnostic workup similar to that for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although some investigators continue to advocate total pancreatectomy, the evidence in support of this is decreasing. Partial pancreatectomy remains the treatment option. Intraoperative assessment of the resection surgical margins is an important component of surgical resection. Additionally, controversy also exists regarding the nature of the follow-up and the need for adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in the patient. Unlike ductal adenocarcinomas, IPMNs follow a relatively indolent course; the 5-year survival rate in patients with invasive IPMNs is 57%. A mural nodule and a main pancreatic duct diameter greater than 5 mm have been found to be predictors of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Al-Refaie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77230, USA
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12
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Yoo SY, Choi EA, Ahn SG, Choi JH, Woo SI, Choi SY, Yoon MH, Hwang GS, Tahk SJ, Kim H, Shin GT, Shin JH. The Effect of Preload Reduction on a New Parameter to Evaluate Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. Korean Circ J 2005. [DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2005.35.11.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yong Yoo
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong Ill Woo
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Yeon Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyo Seung Hwang
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Jea Tahk
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Heungsoo Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joon Han Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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13
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Tada H, Maron DJ, Choi EA, Barsoum J, Lei H, Xie Q, Liu W, Ellis L, Moscioni AD, Tazelaar J, Fawell S, Qin X, Propert KJ, Davis A, Fraker DL, Wilson JM, Spitz FR. Systemic IFN-beta gene therapy results in long-term survival in mice with established colorectal liver metastases. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:83-95. [PMID: 11435460 PMCID: PMC209332 DOI: 10.1172/jci9841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients succumbing to colorectal cancer fail with liver-predominant metastases. To make a clinical impact in this disease, a systemic or whole-liver therapy may be required, whereas most cancer gene therapy approaches are limited in their ability to treat beyond local disease. As a preclinical model for cancer gene therapy, recombinant adenovirus containing the human IFN-beta (hIFN-beta) cDNA was delivered systemically in nude mouse xenograft models of human colorectal cancer liver metastases. The vector targeted hepatocytes that produced high levels of hIFN-beta in the liver, resulting in a profound apoptotic response in the tumors and significant tumor regression. hIFN-beta gene therapy not only resulted in improved survival and long-term cure in a micrometastatic model, but provided similar benefits in a clinically relevant gross disease model. A similar recombinant adenovirus containing the murine IFN-beta (mIFN-beta) cDNA also resulted in a therapeutic response and improved survival in syngeneic mouse models of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Depletion studies demonstrate a contribution of natural killer cells to this therapeutic response. The toxicity of an adenoviral vector expressing murine IFN-beta in a syngeneic model is also presented. These encouraging results warrant further investigation of the use of cancer gene therapy for targeting metastatic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Cytomegalovirus/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/administration & dosage
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/therapeutic use
- DNA, Complementary/toxicity
- Female
- Genes, Synthetic
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
- Genetic Vectors/toxicity
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-beta/administration & dosage
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/therapeutic use
- Interferon-beta/toxicity
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/toxicity
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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14
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Moon HS, Choi EA, Park HY, Choi JY, Chung HW, Kim JI, Park WI. Expression and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of E-Cadherin, β- and γ-Catenin, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cervical Cancer Cells. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81:355-9. [PMID: 11371122 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cadherin/catenin adhesion complex is fundamentally involved in epithelial cancer invasion and metastasis. Much evidence suggesting that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the scattering and invasion of cancer cells, probably by affecting E-cadherin function, has been reported. The present study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that EGF/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was related with the E-cadherin adhesion system in cervical cancer cells and that EGF might induce tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin. METHODS Cervical cancer cells were treated for different time durations with 30 ng/ml of EGF. Alteration of the cell morphology was examined by light microscopy and the expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, EGFR, and activated EGFR was assayed using Western blotting. Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin was also examined using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS E-cadherin and EGFR were expressed in CaSki, HT-3, and ME-180 cell lines, which showed epithelial contact growth. The expression of E-cadherin and beta- and gamma-catenin did not change after treatment with EGF. The expression of EGFR decreased and activated EGFR expression increased in 30 min and then decreased subsequently. The simultaneous expression of activated EGFR and tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin was found. CONCLUSIONS EGF-induced scattering of the E-cadherin-positive cervical cancer cells might be the result of tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta- and gamma-catenin. Phosphorylation of the beta- and gamma-catenin may hamper the adhesive function of the E-cadherin-catenin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Moon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
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15
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Maron DJ, Choi EA, Spitz FR. Gene therapy of metastatic disease: progress and prospects. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2001; 10:449-60, xi. [PMID: 11382597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy remains a new and exciting therapy that holds the potential to impact the care of many diseases. Cancer gene therapy strategies encompass a major part of this developing field. Initial preclinical and phase I clinical trials have demonstrated the ability to transfer genetic material to cells in vitro and in vivo with resultant expression of biologically active protein. Most of these studies have involved direct injection or local installation of vector. A majority of patients succumbing to cancer do so because of metastatic disease. Clearly, to broaden the impact of cancer gene therapy on these patients' outcome, new strategies for targeting regional or systemic disease are required. This article offers a review of current vectors and therapeutic strategies along with the application of these in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Maron
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Nahm DH, Yim H, Lee HJ, Yim EJ, Choi EA, Kim SS, Lee SK, Park HS. Presence of circulating autoantibodies against bronchial epithelia cell in patients with nonatopic asthma. J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15:631-4. [PMID: 11194188 PMCID: PMC3054709 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2000.15.6.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic response to common environmental agents has been regarded as a main pathogenetic mechanism of bronchial asthma. However, allergic sensitization (atopy) can not be detected in a siginificant number of adult asthmatic patients. The etiology of nonatopic asthma has not yet been defined. To evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune response against bronchial mucosa in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma, we performed indirect immunofluorescence staining of fresh frozen human bronchial mucosa tissue using serum samples from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma, healthy controls, and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On immunostaining, circulating IgG autoantibodies against bronchial mucosa were detected in 2 (9.1%) of 22 patients with nonatopic asthma and in none of 22 patients with atopic asthma and of 22 healthy controls. IgG autoantibodies from the two patients with nonatopic asthma predominantly stained the cytoplasmic membrane of basal cells in bronchial epithelium. Serum samples from 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus immunostained the nucleus of epithelial cells in whole layer of bronchial epithelium. This study showed the presence of circulating IgG autoantibodies against the bronchial epithelial cell in a small portion of patients with nonatopic asthma. Further studies may be necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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17
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Park JH, Choi EA, Cho EW, Lee YJ, Park JM, Na SY, Kim KL. Detection of cellular receptors specific for the hepatitis B virus preS surface protein on cell lines of extrahepatic origin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:246-54. [PMID: 11027670 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is primarily mediated by the interaction of the preS region of the viral envelope protein with its still unknown cellular receptor. Using recombinantly expressed preS proteins, the distribution of preS-binding receptors on cell lines from extrahepatic origins was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. In contrast to human liver cell lines, most cell lines from extrahepatic origins did not bind preS proteins. Nevertheless, exceptions were found in the bone marrow-derived cell line, KG-1, and the osteogenic sarcoma cell line SaOS-2, as well as in the previously reported EBV-transformed B-cell line, Wa. To determine the biochemical nature of these receptors, Wa-cells were cell surface biotinylated and the preS-binding receptors were isolated by immunoprecipitation. A specific band with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa was identified in a SDS-polyacrylamide gel, which further characterization is expected to provide clues regarding the infection mechanism of HBV in hepatic- and extra-hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yusong, Taejon, 305-600, South Korea
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18
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Park JH, Choi EA, Cho EW, Hahm KS, Kim KL. Maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion proteins with low or no affinity to amylose resins can be single-step purified using a novel anti-MBP monoclonal antibody. Mol Cells 1998; 8:709-16. [PMID: 9895124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion protein expression system is a powerful tool to produce and isolate recombinant proteins in E. coli. Whereas the conventional isolation technique for MBP-fusion proteins takes advantage of the binding affinity of MBP to maltose, this method is limited insofar as the biological activity of MBP has to be fully conserved for a successful purification. In this study, a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for MBP, termed HAM-19, was generated and its application in the purification and detection of MBP-fusion proteins determined. Using anti-MBP immunoaffinity columns, even recombinant MBP fusion products with lowered or impaired binding affinity to maltose were purified in a single step procedure. In comparison to amylose resins, HAM-19 immunoaffinity columns showed a higher binding capacity and affinity to MBP-fusion proteins. Furthermore, the mAb HAM-19 also provides a technical improvement over polyclonal antisera for the detection and analysis of MBP-fusion proteins which are under use in various forms in the fields of molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Peptide Engineering Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Taejon
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