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Mavrogeni SI, Gargani L, Pepe A, Monti L, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, De Santis M, Meloni A, Koutsogeorgopoulou L, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Katsifis G, Bratis K, Bellando Randone S, Guiducci S, Bruni C, Moggi-Pignone A, Dimitroulas T, Voulgari P, Kolovou G, Bournia VK, Mukherjee M, Lima J, Kitas GD, Sfikakis P, Matucci-Cerinic M. THU0355 PARAMETRIC CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IDENTIFIES ARRHYTHMOGENIC SUBSTRATES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) accounts for 26-36% of deaths. This most frequently manifests as ventricular rhythm disturbances (VRDs), eventually culminating in sudden cardiac death. However, no specific guidelines exist for implantation of cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in SSc patients. Parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) indices of myocardial oedema and fibrosis like native T1/T2 mapping have been shown to be associated with prognosis in SSc patients with acute cardiac events and normal echocardiograms. However, their relationship with arrhythmogenicity per se has not been previously investigated in SSc.Objectives:To investigate the relationship between parametric CMR indices and arrhythmogenicity in SSc patients.Methods:84 consecutive SSc patients (80% diffuse-cutaneous SSc) from eight European centers presenting with cardiac symptoms were examined using a 1.5 T CMR system. 24h Holter recordings were obtained within a month of the CMR scan. The presence of VRDs was defined as any type of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) in couples, triplets, bigeminism, trigeminism, quadrigeminism and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, as well as having >30 PVCs per hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between VRD occurrence and native T1/T2 mapping as well as myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV).Results:Mean age in the cohort was 55 (13) years and 78 (93%) patients were female. Of these, 67 (80%) experienced at least one type of VRDs. Each 10 ms increase of native T1-mapping was associated with a higher occurrence of VRDs [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.21 (1.08-1.36), p=0.001]. Similarly, a 1% increase in ECV conferred an increased probability of experiencing VRDs [1.25 (1.01-1.53), p=0.037]. Lastly, a 1ms unit increase in T2-mapping also led to increased probability of having experienced VRDs [1.09 (1.01-1.19), p=0.035].Conclusion:Parametric CMR indices are associated with arrhythmogenicity in SSc patients with cardiac symptoms and should be investigated further in larger studies for their clinical utility in selecting high-risk SSc patients for ICD implantation.Disclosure of Interests:Sophie I. Mavrogeni: None declared, Luna Gargani: None declared, Alessia Pepe: None declared, Lorenzo Monti: None declared, George Markousis-Mavrogenis: None declared, Maria De Santis: None declared, Antonella Meloni: None declared, Loukia Koutsogeorgopoulou: None declared, Georgia Karabela: None declared, Efthymios Stavropoulos: None declared, Gkikas Katsifis Grant/research support from: UCB Pharma, Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Aenorasis, Genesis Pharma, Pfizer, Roche, Consultant of: UCB Pharma, Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Aenorasis, Genesis Pharma, Pfizer, Roche, Speakers bureau: UCB Pharma, Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Aenorasis, Genesis Pharma, Pfizer, Roche, Konstantinos Bratis: None declared, Silvia Bellando Randone: None declared, Serena Guiducci: None declared, Cosimo Bruni: None declared, Alberto Moggi-Pignone: None declared, Theodoros Dimitroulas: None declared, Paraskevi Voulgari: None declared, Genovefa Kolovou: None declared, Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia Grant/research support from: Travel Grant from Boehringer Ingelheim, Monica Mukherjee: None declared, Joao Lima: None declared, George D. Kitas: None declared, Petros Sfikakis Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from Abvie, Novartis, MSD, Actelion, Amgen, Pfizer, Janssen Pharmaceutical, UCB, Marco Matucci-Cerinic Grant/research support from: Actelion, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Acetelion, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim
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Singhania A, Graham CM, Gabryšová L, Moreira-Teixeira L, Stavropoulos E, Pitt JM, Chakravarty P, Warnatsch A, Branchett WJ, Conejero L, Lin JW, Davidson S, Wilson MS, Bancroft G, Langhorne J, Frickel E, Sesay AK, Priestnall SL, Herbert E, Ioannou M, Wang Q, Humphreys IR, Dodd J, Openshaw PJM, Mayer-Barber KD, Jankovic D, Sher A, Lloyd CM, Baldwin N, Chaussabel D, Papayannopoulos V, Wack A, Banchereau JF, Pascual VM, O'Garra A. Transcriptional profiling unveils type I and II interferon networks in blood and tissues across diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2887. [PMID: 31253760 PMCID: PMC6599044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how immune challenges elicit different responses is critical for diagnosing and deciphering immune regulation. Using a modular strategy to interpret the complex transcriptional host response in mouse models of infection and inflammation, we show a breadth of immune responses in the lung. Lung immune signatures are dominated by either IFN-γ and IFN-inducible, IL-17-induced neutrophil- or allergy-associated gene expression. Type I IFN and IFN-γ-inducible, but not IL-17- or allergy-associated signatures, are preserved in the blood. While IL-17-associated genes identified in lung are detected in blood, the allergy signature is only detectable in blood CD4+ effector cells. Type I IFN-inducible genes are abrogated in the absence of IFN-γ signaling and decrease in the absence of IFNAR signaling, both independently contributing to the regulation of granulocyte responses and pathology during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Our framework provides an ideal tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures contributing to protection or pathogenesis in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Singhania
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christine M Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Leona Gabryšová
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lúcia Moreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jonathan M Pitt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Annika Warnatsch
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William J Branchett
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura Conejero
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jing-Wen Lin
- Malaria Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Helminth Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gregory Bancroft
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eva Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Abdul K Sesay
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Eleanor Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Marianna Ioannou
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jonathan Dodd
- Respiratory Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- Respiratory Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology and Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Virginia M Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Mavrogeni S, Koutsogeorgopoulou L, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Bounas A, Tektonidou M, Lliossis SNC, Daoussis D, Plastiras S, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Katsifis G, Vartela V, Kolovou G. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects silent heart disease missed by echocardiography in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 27:564-571. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317731533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains challenging, due to limitations of echocardiography. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance can detect cardiac lesions missed by echocardiography in SLE patients with atypical symptoms. Aim To use cardiovascular magnetic resonance in SLE patients with atypical symptoms and investigate the possibility of silent heart disease, missed by echocardiography. Patients/methods From 2005 to 2015, 80 SLE patients with atypical cardiac symptoms/signs (fatigue, mild shortness of breath, early repolarization and sinus tachycardia) aged 37 ± 6 years (72 women/8 men), with normal echocardiography, were evaluated using a 1.5 T system. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions, T2 ratio (oedema imaging) and late gadolinium enhancement (fibrosis imaging) were assessed. Acute and chronic lesions were defined as late gadolinium enhancement-positive plus T2>2 and T2<2, respectively. Lesions were characterized according to late gadolinium enhancement patterns as: diffuse subendocardial, subepicardial and subendocardial/transmural, due to vasculitis, myocarditis and myocardial infarction, respectively. Results Abnormal cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings were identified in 22/80 (27.5%) of SLE patients with normal echocardiography, including 4/22 with recent silent myocarditis, 5/22 with past myocarditis (subepicardial scar in inferolateral wall), 9/22 with past myocardial infarction (six inferior and three anterior subendocardial infarction) and 4/22 with diffuse subendocardial fibrosis due to vasculitis. No correlation between cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings and inflammatory indices was identified. Conclusions Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in SLE patients with atypical cardiac symptoms/signs and normal echocardiography can assess occult cardiac lesions including myocarditis, myocardial infarction and vasculitis that may influence both rheumatic and cardiac treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mavrogeni
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - A Bounas
- Olympion Therapeutirion General Clinic, Patras, Greece
| | - M Tektonidou
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Athens, Greece
| | - S-N C Lliossis
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - D Daoussis
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - S Plastiras
- Olympion Therapeutirion General Clinic, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - V Vartela
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - G Kolovou
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Moreira-Teixeira L, Redford PS, Stavropoulos E, Ghilardi N, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Freitas do Rosário AP, Wu X, Langhorne J, O'Garra A. T Cell-Derived IL-10 Impairs Host Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Immunol 2017; 199:613-623. [PMID: 28584007 PMCID: PMC5502318 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, causing ∼1.5 million deaths annually. CD4+ T cells and several cytokines, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, are critical in the control of this infection. Conversely, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 has been shown to dampen Th1 cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection impairing bacterial clearance. However, the critical cellular source of IL-10 during M. tuberculosis infection is still unknown. Using IL-10 reporter mice, we show in this article that during the first 14 d of M. tuberculosis infection, the predominant cells expressing IL-10 in the lung were Ly6C+ monocytes. However, after day 21 postinfection, IL-10–expressing T cells were also highly represented. Notably, mice deficient in T cell–derived IL-10, but not mice deficient in monocyte-derived IL-10, showed a significant reduction in lung bacterial loads during chronic M. tuberculosis infection compared with fully IL-10–competent mice, indicating a major role for T cell–derived IL-10 in TB susceptibility. IL-10–expressing cells were detected among both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, expressed high levels of CD44 and Tbet, and were able to coproduce IFN-γ and IL-10 upon ex vivo stimulation. Furthermore, during M. tuberculosis infection, Il10 expression in CD4+ T cells was partially regulated by both IL-27 and type I IFN signaling. Together, our data reveal that, despite the multiple immune sources of IL-10 during M. tuberculosis infection, activated effector T cells are the major source accounting for IL-10–induced TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Moreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Paul S Redford
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Xuemei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
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Mavrogeni S, Smerla R, Grigoriadou G, Servos G, Koutsogeorgopoulou L, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Spiliotis G, Kolovou G, Papadopoulos G. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance evaluation of paediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac symptoms. Lupus 2016; 25:289-295. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203315611496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings in a paediatric population with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cardiac symptoms. Methods Twenty-five SLE children, aged 10.2 ± 2.6 years, with cardiac symptoms and normal routine non-invasive evaluation were examined by CMR, using a 1.5 T system and compared with sex–matched SLE adults. Left ventricular (LV) volumes, ejection fraction, T2 ratio, early (EGE) and late (LGE) gadolinium enhancement were assessed. Acute and chronic lesions were characterised as LGE-positive plus T2 > 2, EGE > 4 or T2 < 2, EGE < 4, respectively. According to LGE, lesions were characterized as: (a) diffuse subendocardial, (b) subepicardial and (c) subendocardial/transmural, due to vasculitis, myocarditis and myocardial infarction, respectively. Results LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal in all SLEs. T2 > 2, EGE > 4 and positive epicardial LGE wall was identified in 5/25 children. Diffuse subendocardial fibrosis was documented in 1/25. No evidence of myocardial infarction was identified in any children. In contrast, in SLE adults, LGE indicative of myocardial infarction was identified in 6/25, myocarditis in 3/25, Libman–Sacks endocarditis in 1/25 and diffuse subendocardial fibrosis in 2/25. The incidence of heart disease in SLE children was lower compared to SLE adults ( p < 0.05), with a predominance of myocarditis in children and myocardial infarction in adults. A significant correlation was documented between disease duration and CMR lesions ( p < 0.05). Conclusion CMR identifies a predominance of myocarditis in paediatric SLE with cardiac symptoms and normal routine non-invasive evaluation. However, the incidence of cardiac lesions is lower compared to SLE adults, probably due to shorter disease duration. Significance and Innovation: CMR identifies heart involvement in a significant percentage of SLE children with cardiac symptoms and normal routine noninvasive evaluation. The incidence of heart disease is lower in SLE children compared with SLE adults. Predominance of myocarditis and myocardial infarction is observed in SLE children and SLE adults, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mavrogeni
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - R Smerla
- Aglaia Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - G Servos
- Aglaia Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - G Kolovou
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Pitt JM, Blankley S, Potempa K, Graham CM, Moreira-Teixeira L, McNab FW, Howes A, Stavropoulos E, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D, O’Garra A. Analysis of Transcriptional Signatures in Response to Listeria monocytogenes Infection Reveals Temporal Changes That Result from Type I Interferon Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150251. [PMID: 26918359 PMCID: PMC4768944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the mouse transcriptional response to Listeria monocytogenes infection reveals that a large set of genes are perturbed in both blood and tissue and that these transcriptional responses are enriched for pathways of the immune response. Further we identified enrichment for both type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling molecules in the blood and tissues upon infection. Since type I IFN signaling has been reported widely to impair bacterial clearance we examined gene expression from blood and tissues of wild type (WT) and type I IFNαβ receptor-deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice at the basal level and upon infection with L. monocytogenes. Measurement of the fold change response upon infection in the absence of type I IFN signaling demonstrated an upregulation of specific genes at day 1 post infection. A less marked reduction of the global gene expression signature in blood or tissues from infected Ifnar1-/- as compared to WT mice was observed at days 2 and 3 after infection, with marked reduction in key genes such as Oasg1 and Stat2. Moreover, on in depth analysis, changes in gene expression in uninfected mice of key IFN regulatory genes including Irf9, Irf7, Stat1 and others were identified, and although induced by an equivalent degree upon infection this resulted in significantly lower final gene expression levels upon infection of Ifnar1-/- mice. These data highlight how dysregulation of this network in the steady state and temporally upon infection may determine the outcome of this bacterial infection and how basal levels of type I IFN-inducible genes may perturb an optimal host immune response to control intracellular bacterial infections such as L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pitt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Blankley
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Potempa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Moreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Finlay W. McNab
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Howes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research/ANRS Center for Human Vaccines, INSERM, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne O’Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, NHLI, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Mavrogeni S, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Plastiras S, Spiliotis G, Gialafos E, Kolovou G, Sfikakis P, Kitas G. OP0250 Distinct Imaging Patterns of Heart Failure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evaluation Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Redford PS, Mayer-Barber KD, McNab FW, Stavropoulos E, Wack A, Sher A, O'Garra A. Influenza A virus impairs control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection through a type I interferon receptor-dependent pathway. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:270-4. [PMID: 23935205 PMCID: PMC3873785 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza followed by severe acute bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Several mechanisms account for this enhanced susceptibility, including increased production of type I interferon (IFN). In individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the influence of acute viral infections on tuberculosis progression is unclear. We show that prior exposure of mice to influenza A virus, followed by M. tuberculosis infection, leads to enhanced mycobacterial growth and decreased survival. Following M. tuberculosis/influenza virus coinfection, mycobacterial growth is enhanced by a type I IFN signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the detrimental influence influenza virus infection can have before or during M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Redford
- Division of Immunoregulation, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London
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McNab FW, Ewbank J, Rajsbaum R, Stavropoulos E, Martirosyan A, Redford PS, Wu X, Graham CM, Saraiva M, Tsichlis P, Chaussabel D, Ley SC, O'Garra A. TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling promotes host resistance against intracellular bacterial infection by negative regulation of type I IFN production. J Immunol 2013; 191:1732-43. [PMID: 23842752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, causing ≈ 1.4 million deaths per year. Key immune components for host protection during tuberculosis include the cytokines IL-12, IL-1, and TNF-α, as well as IFN-γ and CD4(+) Th1 cells. However, immune factors determining whether individuals control infection or progress to active tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Excess amounts of type I IFN have been linked to exacerbated disease during tuberculosis in mouse models and to active disease in patients, suggesting tight regulation of this family of cytokines is critical to host resistance. In addition, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known to inhibit the immune response to M. tuberculosis in murine models through the negative regulation of key proinflammatory cytokines and the subsequent Th1 response. We show in this study, using a combination of transcriptomic analysis, genetics, and pharmacological inhibitors, that the TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is important in mediating host resistance to tuberculosis through negative regulation of type I IFN production. The TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulated production by macrophages of several cytokines important in the immune response to M. tuberculosis as well as regulating induction of a large number of additional genes, many in a type I IFN-dependent manner. In the absence of TPL-2 in vivo, excess type I IFN promoted IL-10 production and exacerbated disease. These findings describe an important regulatory mechanism for controlling tuberculosis and reveal mechanisms by which type I IFN may promote susceptibility to this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finlay W McNab
- Division of Immunoregulation, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
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Pitt JM, Stavropoulos E, Redford PS, Beebe AM, Bancroft GJ, Young DB, O’Garra A. Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Immunol 2012; 189:4079-87. [PMID: 22972927 PMCID: PMC3467194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only prophylactic vaccine against tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but gives variable protection against pulmonary disease. The generation of host Th1 responses following BCG vaccination is accepted as the major mechanism of protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. Previous studies have shown IL-10 as a negative regulator of the immune response to primary M. tuberculosis infection, with Il10(-/-) mice having reduced lung bacterial loads. In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. In M. tuberculosis-susceptible CBA/J mice, Ab blockade of IL-10R specifically during BCG vaccination resulted in additional protection against M. tuberculosis challenge of >1-log(10) compared with equivalent isotype-treated controls. The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. We show that IL-10 inhibits optimal BCG-elicited protection, therefore suggesting that antagonists of IL-10 may be of great benefit as adjuvants in preventive vaccination against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Benzamides
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pitt
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Paul S. Redford
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory J. Bancroft
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Douglas B. Young
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Anne O’Garra
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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11
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Goodworth KJ, Hervé AC, Stavropoulos E, Hervé G, Casades I, Hill AM, Weingarten GG, Tascon RE, Colston MJ, Hailes HC. Synthesis and in vivo biological activity of large-ringed calixarenes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Redford PS, Boonstra A, Read S, Pitt J, Graham C, Stavropoulos E, Bancroft GJ, O'Garra A. Enhanced protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in IL-10-deficient mice is accompanied by early and enhanced Th1 responses in the lung. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2200-10. [PMID: 20518032 PMCID: PMC3378704 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 regulates the balance of an immune response between pathogen clearance and immunopathology. We show here that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in the absence of IL-10 (IL-10−/− mice) results in reduced bacterial loads in the lung. This reduction was preceded by an accelerated and enhanced IFN-γ response in the lung, an increased influx of CD4+ T cells into the lung, and enhanced production of chemokines and cytokines, including CXCL10 and IL-17, in both the lung and the serum. Neutralization of IL-17 affected neither the enhanced production of CXCL10 nor the accumulation of IFN-γ-producing T cells in the lungs, but led to reduced numbers of granulocytes in the lung and reduced bacterial loads in the spleens of Mtb-infected mice. This suggests that IL-17 may contribute to dissemination of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Redford
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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13
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Xenophontos M, Stavropoulos E, Avramakis E, Navakoudis E, Dörnemann D, Kotzabasis K. Influence of the developmental stage on the (proto)-hypericin and (proto)pseudohypericin levels of Hypericum plants from Crete. Planta Med 2007; 73:1309-15. [PMID: 17893828 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The contents of (pseudo)hypericin and their immediate precursors were studied in wild populations of various Hypericum species on the island of Crete, Greece. Therefore, the aerial parts of wild grown H. perforatum, H. triquentrifolium, H. empetrifolium and H. perfoliatum shoots were collected throughout the island and the quantitative variations in (proto)hypericin and (proto)pseudohypericin examined. The plant material was harvested at different stages of the life cycle of the species and the contents in the above-mentioned compounds analyzed discriminating between flowers/fruits and leaves/petioles. HPLC analysis of hypericin, pseudohypericin and their immediate precursors, protohypericin and protopseudohypericin, revealed great differences in the contents of the compounds in dependence on the developmental stage of the plants. In all examined species the highest concentrations of hypericin were found during blossoming whereas the lowest concentrations were present during ripening of the fruits. H. perforatum and H. triquentrifolium show much higher hypericin levels in flowers/fruits compared to leaves/petioles, whereas the species H. empetrifolium and H. perfoliatum show similar concentrations of total hypericins in both flowers/fruits and leaves/petioles. In the different species the levels of (proto)hypericin and (proto)pseudohypericin varied, but in almost all samples from flowers/fruits and leaves/petioles the ratio of (proto)hypericin to (proto)pseudohypericin was higher than one. When the total amount of hypericins per entire aerial part of a plant was calculated for all developmental stages, we found that H. perforatum contained the highest amount of hypericin. This in combination with the comparatively high concentration of hypericins in flowers/fruits and in leaves/petioles in this species, as well as the high ratio of (proto)hypericin to (proto)pseudohypericin, especially during the developmental stage of blossoming, encourages us to think about the possibility of cultivating Hypericum perforatum in Crete as a medicinal plant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xenophontos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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14
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Roy E, De Silva AD, Sambandamurthy VK, Clark SO, Stavropoulos E, Jacobs WR, Brennan J, Chan J, Williams A, Colston MJ, Tascon RE. Induction of high levels of protective immunity in mice after vaccination using dendritic cells infected with auxotrophic mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2006; 103:196-9. [PMID: 16297449 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptively transferred dendritic cells presenting antigens derived from different pathogens have been shown to elicit specific T cell responses and to induce protective antibacterial immunity. We describe here the induction of high levels of protective immunity in mice using dendritic cells infected with auxotrophic mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We provide evidence that protection is superior to BCG and that it is associated with increased priming of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for mycobacterial antigens. This method for generating high levels of anti-bacterial protective immunity could be helpful in the design of novel vaccines against tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Roy
- Mycobacterial Division, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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15
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Roy E, Stavropoulos E, Brennan J, Coade S, Grigorieva E, Walker B, Dagg B, Tascon RE, Lowrie DB, Colston MJ, Jolles S. Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6101-9. [PMID: 16113331 PMCID: PMC1231090 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.9.6101-6109.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used to treat patients with primary antibody deficiencies and, at high doses, to treat a range of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. With high-dose IVIg (hdIVIg), immunomodulatory mechanisms act on a range of cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. Here, we demonstrate that the treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected mice with a single cycle of hdIVIg resulted in substantially reduced bacterial loads in the spleen and lungs when administered at either an early or late stage of infection. Titration of the IVIg showed a clear dose-response effect. There was no reduction in bacterial load when mice were given equimolar doses of another human protein, human serum albumin, or maltose, the stabilizing agent in the IVIg preparation. HdIVIg in vitro had no inhibitory effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, the effect of hdIVIg on bacterial loads was not observed in nude mice, suggesting the involvement of conventional T cells. Analysis of T cells infiltrating the lungs revealed only small increases in CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T-cell numbers in hdIVIg-treated mice. The mechanism of action of hdIVIg against tuberculosis in mice remains to be determined. Nevertheless, since hdIVIg is already widely used clinically, the magnitude and long duration of the therapeutic effect seen here suggest that IVIg, or components of it, may find ready application as an adjunct to therapy of human tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Roy
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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16
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Amiridis I, Arabatzi F, Violaris P, Stavropoulos E, Hatzitaki V. Static balance improvement in elderly after dorsiflexors electrostimulation training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94:424-33. [PMID: 15843959 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-1326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of dorsiflexors' ElectroStimulation (ES) training, on postural tasks of increasing difficulty in the elderly. Twenty-one elderly adults were randomly assigned into one of two groups: a Training (TG) and a Control Group (CG). The TG (n = 10) performed (4 weeks, 4 s/week, 40 min/session) superimposed (electrically evoked and voluntary activation) isometric dorsiflexions (ankle 100 degrees ) while seated. Biphasic, rectangular symmetrical pulses (300 ms, 70 Hz, 20-60 mA) were used to provoke maximal muscle activation. Participants performed three static balance tasks (Normal Quiet Stance, Sharpened Romberg, and One-Legged Stance) during which postural sway was quantified using maximum range and standard deviation of Centre of Pressure displacement (Kistler 9281C, 1,000 Hz). Bipolar surface electrodes were used to record the Electromyographic activity (EMG) of Tibialis Anterior, Medial Gastrocnemius, Rectus Femoris and Semi-Tendineous. Two-dimensional kinematic data were collected (60 Hz) and analyzed using the APAS Motion Analysis software. The body was modeled as a five-segment rigid link system. Isometric dorsiflexion moment/angular position relationship was also established using a Cybex dynamometer. ES training resulted in decreased postural sway (P < 0.05), greater ankle muscles EMG activity (P < 0.001), greater stability of the ankle joint (P < 0.05) and significant changes in mean position of all three joints of the lower limb. In addition, dorsiflexion moment significantly (P < 0.001) increased as a result of ES training. It is concluded that dorsiflexors' ES training, could reduce postural sway and the use of ankle muscles, more characteristic of young adults, might appear in the elderly as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ig Amiridis
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki at Serres, Agios Ioannis, Greece.
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17
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Ferraz JC, Stavropoulos E, Yang M, Coade S, Espitia C, Lowrie DB, Colston MJ, Tascon RE. A heterologous DNA priming-Mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65, and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6945-50. [PMID: 15557616 PMCID: PMC529122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.12.6945-6950.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is responsible for >2 million deaths a year, and the number of new cases is rising worldwide. DNA vaccination combined with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) represents a potential strategy for prevention of this disease. Here, we used a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach using a combination of DNA plasmids and BCG in order to improve the efficacy of vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. As model antigens, we selected the M. tuberculosis Apa (for alanine-proline-rich antigen) and the immunodominant Hsp65 and Hsp70 mycobacterial antigens combined with BCG. We demonstrated that animals injected with a combination of DNA vectors expressing these antigens, when boosted with BCG, showed increased specific antimycobacterial immune responses compared to animals vaccinated with BCG alone. More importantly, the protection achieved with this regimen was also significantly better than with BCG alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Ferraz
- The National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
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18
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Colston MJ, Hailes HC, Stavropoulos E, Hervé AC, Hervé G, Goodworth KJ, Hill AM, Jenner P, Hart PD, Tascon RE. Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6318-23. [PMID: 15501760 PMCID: PMC523005 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.11.6318-6323.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, accounting for more than two million deaths annually. The incidence of the disease is increasing globally, partially because of the resurgence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Calixarenes are macrocyclic oligomers, some of which are able to modify the growth of M. tuberculosis in infected cells. Most experimental work has been carried out with Macrocyclon, also known as HOC 12.5EO. In this study, we demonstrate that Macrocyclon is effective in controlling M. tuberculosis infections, and we provide evidence that its effect is partially mediated by an l-arginine-dependent mechanism of macrophage activation that involves the activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. We also show that Macrocyclon is effective in athymic and major histocompatibility complex class II-/- mice and synthesized a number of structurally related calixarenes expressing significant antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joseph Colston
- The National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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19
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Xue T, Stavropoulos E, Yang M, Ragno S, Vordermeier M, Chambers M, Hewinson G, Lowrie DB, Colston MJ, Tascon RE. RNA encoding the MPT83 antigen induces protective immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6324-9. [PMID: 15501761 PMCID: PMC523008 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.11.6324-6329.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that vaccination of mice with plasmid DNA vectors expressing immunodominant mycobacterial genes induced cellular immune responses and significant protection against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate here, using in vitro-synthesized RNA, that vaccination with DNA or RNA constructs expressing the M. tuberculosis MPT83 antigen are capable of inducing specific humoral and T-cell immune responses and confer modest but significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge in mice. This is the first report of protective immunity conferred against intracellular bacteria by an RNA vaccine. This novel approach avoids some of the drawbacks of DNA vaccines and illustrates the potential for developing new antimycobacterial immunization strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Female
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/immunology
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/administration & dosage
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/immunology
- Sindbis Virus/enzymology
- Sindbis Virus/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transfection
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xue
- Mycobacterial Division, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK
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20
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Sander P, Böttger EC, Springer B, Steinmann B, Rezwan M, Stavropoulos E, Joseph Colston M. A recA deletion mutant of Mycobacterium bovis BCG confers protection equivalent to that of wild-type BCG but shows increased genetic stability. Vaccine 2004; 21:4124-7. [PMID: 14505891 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The widely used vaccine against tuberculosis, BCG, shows evidence of genetic instability. It has undergone major genetic rearrangements resulting in deletion and duplication of segments of its chromosome. In order to produce a BCG strain with more favourable genetic properties, we inactivated the recA gene. Targeted deletion of the recA gene of BCG resulted in a complete loss of recombination between homologous, chromosomally-located sequences, as well as between plasmid- and chromosomally-located sequences. The deltarecA mutant BCG was as effective as the wild-type in conferring protection in mice against an intravenous challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that the loss of an SOS response-mediated DNA repair mechanism did not compromise the immunological properties of BCG. The availability of a genetically stable, fully immunogenic BCG is important for the future development of BCG as a live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, CH-8028, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Sander P, Papavinasasundaram KG, Dick T, Stavropoulos E, Ellrott K, Springer B, Colston MJ, Böttger EC. Mycobacterium bovis BCG recA deletion mutant shows increased susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents but wild-type survival in a mouse infection model. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3562-8. [PMID: 11349014 PMCID: PMC98336 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.3562-3568.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms possess antioxidant defense mechanisms for protection from reactive oxygen metabolites which are generated during the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. These defense mechanisms include enzymes such as catalase, which detoxifies reactive oxygen species, and DNA repair systems, which repair damage resulting from oxidative stress. To (i) determine the relative importance of the DNA repair system when oxidative stress is encountered by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex during infection of the host and to (ii) provide improved mycobacterial hosts as live carriers to express foreign antigens, the recA locus was inactivated by allelic exchange in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The recA mutants are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and show increased susceptibility to metronidazole, the first lead compound active against the dormant M. tuberculosis complex. Surprisingly, the recA genotype does not affect the in vitro dormancy response, nor does the defect in the DNA repair system lead to attenuation as determined in a mouse infection model. The recA mutants will be a valuable tool for further development of BCG as an antigen delivery system to express foreign antigens and as a source of a genetically stable vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Tascon RE, Soares CS, Ragno S, Stavropoulos E, Hirst EM, Colston MJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-activated dendritic cells induce protective immunity in mice. Immunology 2000; 99:473-80. [PMID: 10712679 PMCID: PMC2327172 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated dendritic cells are critically important in the priming of T-cell responses. In this report we show that the infection of a conditionally immortalized dendritic cell line (tsDC) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in the up-regulation of B7-1 and B7-2 co-stimulatory molecules and the induction of several inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, -1beta and -12. In addition, we show that these activated dendritic cells were capable of eliciting antigen-specific T-cell responses and potent anti-mycobacterial protective immunity in a murine model of experimental tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tascon
- Divisions of Mycobacterial Research and Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
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23
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Brosch R, Philipp WJ, Stavropoulos E, Colston MJ, Cole ST, Gordon SV. Genomic analysis reveals variation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the attenuated M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain. Infect Immun 1999; 67:5768-74. [PMID: 10531227 PMCID: PMC96953 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.11.5768-5774.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is an attenuated tubercle bacillus closely related to the virulent type strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Despite extensive study, the reason for the decreased virulence of M. tuberculosis H37Ra has not been determined. A genomic approach was therefore initiated to identify genetic differences between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra as a means of pinpointing the attenuating mutation(s). Digestion with the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease DraI revealed two polymorphisms between the strains: a 480-kb fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Rv was replaced by two fragments of 220 and 260 kb in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, while there was a approximately 7.9-kb DraI fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Ra that had no counterpart in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. As the M. tuberculosis insertion sequence IS6110 contains a single DraI restriction site, it was considered possible that these polymorphisms were the result of IS6110 transposition events in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, events that may have inactivated virulence genes. The 7.9-kb polymorphism was found to be due to the presence of the previously described H37Rv RvD2 deletion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, with sequence analysis suggesting an IS6110-mediated deletion mechanism for loss of RvD2. Three other IS6110-catalyzed deletions from the M. tuberculosis H37Rv chromosome (RvD3 to RvD5) were also identified, suggesting that this mechanism plays an important role in genome plasticity in the tubercle bacilli. Comparative mapping and sequencing revealed that the 480-kb polymorphism was due to an IS6110 insertion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra near oriC. Complementation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra with a 2.9-kb restriction fragment from M. tuberculosis H37Rv that encompassed the IS6110 insertion did not increase the survival of recombinant M. tuberculosis H37Ra in mice. In conclusion, this study describes the presence and mechanisms of genomic variation between M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. tuberculosis H37Rv, although the role that they play in the attenuation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brosch
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
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Lowrie DB, Tascon RE, Bonato VL, Lima VM, Faccioli LH, Stavropoulos E, Colston MJ, Hewinson RG, Moelling K, Silva CL. Therapy of tuberculosis in mice by DNA vaccination. Nature 1999; 400:269-71. [PMID: 10421369 DOI: 10.1038/22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to kill about 3 million people every year, more than any other single infectious agent. This is attributed primarily to an inadequate immune response towards infecting bacteria, which suffer growth inhibition rather than death and subsequently multiply catastrophically. Although the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is widely used, it has major limitations as a preventative measure. In addition, effective treatment requires that patients take large doses of antibacterial drug combinations for at least 6 months after diagnosis, which is difficult to achieve in many parts of the world and is further restricted by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. In these circumstances, immunotherapy to boost the efficiency of the immune system in infected patients could be a valuable adjunct to antibacterial chemotherapy. Here we show in mice that DNA vaccines, initially designed to prevent infection, can also have a pronounced therapeutic action. In heavily infected mice, DNA vaccinations can switch the immune response from one that is relatively inefficient and gives bacterial stasis to one that kills bacteria. Application of such immunotherapy in conjunction with conventional chemotherapeutic antibacterial drugs might result in faster or more certain cure of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lowrie
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Research, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
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Tascon RE, Stavropoulos E, Lukacs KV, Colston MJ. Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD8+ T cells requires the production of gamma interferon. Infect Immun 1998; 66:830-4. [PMID: 9453650 PMCID: PMC107978 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.2.830-834.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1997] [Accepted: 10/29/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of CD8 T cells in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in mice was confirmed by comparing the levels of growth of the organism in control, major histocompatibility complex class II knockout, and athymic mice and by transferring T-cell populations into athymic mice. By using donor mice which were incapable of making gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), it was shown that IFN-gamma production was essential for CD8 cell mediation of protective immunity against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tascon
- National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
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Tascon R, Colston M, Stavropoulos E, Lowrie D. DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp70 protects mice against tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)86528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heym B, Stavropoulos E, Honoré N, Domenech P, Saint-Joanis B, Wilson TM, Collins DM, Colston MJ, Cole ST. Effects of overexpression of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpC on the virulence and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 1997; 65:1395-401. [PMID: 9119479 PMCID: PMC175145 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.4.1395-1401.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations to the regulatory region of the ahpC gene, resulting in overproduction of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, were encountered frequently in a large collection of isoniazid (INH)-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not in INH-susceptible strains. Overexpression of ahpC did not seem to be important for INH resistance, however, as most of these strains were already defective for catalase-peroxidase, KatG, the enzyme required for activation of INH. Transformation of the INH-susceptible reference strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with plasmids bearing the ahpC genes of M. tuberculosis or M. leprae did not result in a significant increase in the MIC. Two highly INH-resistant mutants of H37Rv, BH3 and BH8, were isolated in vitro and shown to produce no or little KatG activity and, in the case of BH3, to overproduce alkyl hydroperoxide reductase as the result of an ahpC regulatory mutation that was also found in some clinical isolates. The virulence of H37Rv, BH3, and BH8 was studied intensively in three mouse models: fully immunocompetent BALB/c and Black 6 mice, BALB/c major histocompatibility complex class II-knockout mice with abnormally low levels of CD4 T cells and athymic mice producing no cellular immune response. The results indicated that M. tuberculosis strains producing catalase-peroxidase were considerably more virulent in immunocompetent mice than the isogenic KatG-deficient mutants but that loss of catalase-peroxidase was less important when immunodeficient mice, unable to produce activated macrophages, were infected. Restoration of virulence was not seen in an INH-resistant M. tuberculosis strain that overexpressed ahpC, and this finding was confirmed by experiments performed with appropriate M. bovis strains in guinea pigs. Thus, in contrast to catalase-peroxidase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase does not appear to act as a virulence factor in rodent infections or to play a direct role in INH resistance, although it may be important in maintaining peroxide homeostasis of the organism when KatG activity is low or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Heym
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
There are 3 million deaths per annum worldwide due to tuberculosis, and AIDS is compounding the problem. A better vaccine than the live mycobacterium currently in use, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is needed. When mice were injected with plasmid DNA encoding a single mycobacterial antigen (65-kDa heat shock protein, hsp65) they made specific cellular and humoral responses to the protein and became immune to subsequent challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protection was equivalent to that obtained by vaccinating with live BCG, whereas immunizing with the protein was ineffective. Protection was also obtained with DNA encoding another mycobacterial antigen (36-kDa proline-rich antigen). These results suggest that DNA vaccination might yield improved vaccines to replace BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tascon
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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Roitberg-Tambur A, Friedmann A, Safirman C, Markitziu A, Ben-Chetrit E, Rubinow A, Moutsopoulos HM, Stavropoulos E, Skopouli FN, Margalit H. Molecular analysis of HLA class II genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome. A study of Israeli Jewish and Greek non-Jewish patients. Hum Immunol 1993; 36:235-42. [PMID: 8340232 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(93)90130-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to define the role of HLA class II genes in predisposition to primary Sjögren's syndrome, patients of two different ethnic groups (Israeli Jews and Greeks of non-Jewish origin) suffering from this disorder were studied. Oligonucleotide genotyping revealed the majority in both groups to carry either DRB1*1101 or DRB1*1104, alleles that are in linkage disequilibrium with DQB1*0301 and DQA1*0501. The high frequency of the two alleles in these SS patients is in contrast with the accepted association of primary SS with HLA-DR3 in Italian and American individuals. Molecular analysis of DQB1 and DQA1 alleles found in American Caucasian and American black SS (or SLE) patients demonstrated high frequencies of DQB1*0201 and DQA1*0501. The fact that the majority of SS patients, across racial and ethnic boundaries, carry a common allele, DQA1*0501, implies its involvement in the predisposition to primary SS. Based on sequence analysis and the computer imaging of the HLA class II molecule structure, a hypothetical model for the role of the DQ molecule in promoting primary SS is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roitberg-Tambur
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tsianos EV, Berecos C, Stavropoulos E, Kazazis E, Danielides IC, Drosos AA. The effects of peripheral cold exposure on oesophageal motility in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Raynaud's phenomenon. Clin Rheumatol 1991; 10:311-5. [PMID: 1790643 DOI: 10.1007/bf02208697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of peripheral cold exposure on oesophageal motility were studied in 14 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. They were divided into two groups: 9 with and 5 without Raynaud's phenomenon. The statistical comparison of these two groups did not reveal any difference in the way they manometrically reacted during and after the cold exposure. We conclude that the oesophageal dysfunction in Raynaud's phenomenon may not be of neurogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Tsianos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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