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Kewitz S, Leo K, Rehbein F, Lindenberg K. Assessment of Hazardous Gaming in children and its dissimilarities and overlaps with Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226799. [PMID: 37965362 PMCID: PMC10641458 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Children have been vastly overlooked in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Hazardous Gaming research so far. The diagnoses are listed in different ICD-11 chapters (addiction vs. problematic health condition) and are thus considered as distinct constructs. However, screening tools for children do not exist yet. We aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of an existing IGD screening tool modified to also assess Hazardous Gaming in children. Further, we aimed to compare the dissimilarity and overlap between (subclinical) IGD and Hazardous Gaming in children. Methods The study analyzed data from a mixed school and clinical sample. Data from N = 871 children aged between 8 and 12 years of age (M = 10.3, SD = 0.90) were analyzed. Data were collected via the Video Game Dependency Scale (CSAS) in its parent report version, which was adapted to assess Hazardous Gaming symptoms in addition to the IGD symptoms. Item analyses and reliability and factor analyses were conducted on the Hazardous Gaming version. Results The results show that the adapted CSAS version that assesses Hazardous Gaming symptoms in children mostly shows acceptable psychometric properties. Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA) shows a two-factor structure with one factor of higher order. Additionally, results show that 35.2% of all children meeting the threshold for Hazardous Gaming exclusively meet criteria for Hazardous Gaming but not for (subclinical) IGD. Vice versa, 91.3% of children with IGD also meet the criteria for Hazardous Gaming. Discussion Hazardous Gaming and (subclinical) IGD are distinct constructs with some overlaps and might have a temporal relation. We recommend adding four items to assess Hazardous Gaming using the CSAS and further evaluate the validity. The assessment of Hazardous Gaming in children is crucial because it might occur earlier than subclinical or full-syndrome IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kewitz
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Leo
- Institute for Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Department of Social Work, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Münster, Germany
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Schmidt H, Bischof G, Bischof A, John U, Meyer C, Rehbein F, Besser B, Brandt D, Orlowski S, Rumpf HJ. Internet Use Disorders: Subjective Importance of Online Friends in the Context of Real-Life Social Support and Comorbid Mental Disorders. Eur Addict Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37231957 DOI: 10.1159/000529943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies analyzing friendships with people only known through the Internet mainly focused on quantitative aspects (e.g., the number of online friends or the time spent with them). Little is known about the perceived quality of online compared to real-life friends in individuals with an Internet use disorder (IUD). This study aimed to analyze associations of the increased subjective importance of online friends and IUD by controlling for the perceived real-life social support and comorbid mental disorders. METHODS Based on a general population sample, 192 participants who were screened positive for risky Internet use took part in face-to-face clinical diagnostic interviews. IUD was assessed using the structure of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) and the adapted criteria of Internet gaming disorder in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The number and the increased subjective importance of online compared to real-life friends were assessed with the Online and Real-Life Friends scale (ORLF), real-life social support was assessed with the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), and comorbidity was assessed with the M-CIDI. Data were analyzed with binary regression models. RESULTS Of 192 participants with risky Internet use, 39 participants (19 men; age M = 29.9, SD = 12.2) fulfilled the criteria of IUD in the last 12 months. IUD was not associated with the number or perceived social support of online friends per se. In multivariate analyses, IUD was associated with increased subjective importance of online friends, independently from comorbid anxiety or mood disorders. However, when controlling for real-life social support, associations of IUD and increased subjective importance of online friends were no longer present. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the necessity of therapeutic interventions aimed at strengthening social skills and engaging in real-life relationships in the prevention and therapy of IUD. Due to the small sample size and the cross-sectional analysis, however, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Besser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dominique Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Svenja Orlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Rumpf HJ, Batra A, Bischof A, Hoch E, Lindenberg K, Mann K, Montag C, Müller A, Müller KW, Rehbein F, Stark R, Wildt BT, Thomasius R, Wölfling K, Brand M. Vereinheitlichung der Bezeichnungen für Verhaltenssüchte. SUCHT 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Es existiert eine Vielzahl von Begriffen für Verhaltenssüchte, die Mängel in Operationalisierung, Bezug zum Verhalten, Kompatibilität mit internationalen Klassifikationen sowie nicht stigmatisierender Nutzung aufweisen. Daher werden einheitliche Begriffe für Verhaltenssüchte benötigt. Methode: Im Rahmen einer Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Behandlung Internetbezogener Störungen wurden Lösungen in Form eines Expertenkonsens entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Als Grundlage wurde die Einteilung von Verhaltenssüchten in der 11. Revision der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) genutzt. Es wurden die Begriffe Computerspielstörung (CSS) und Glücksspielstörung (GSS) für die beiden in ICD-11 enthaltenen Verhaltenssüchte gewählt sowie drei weitere spezifizierte Verhaltenssüchte vorgeschlagen: Soziale-Netzwerke-Nutzungsstörung (SNS), Shoppingstörung (ShS) und Pornografie-Nutzungsstörung (PNS). Für CSS, GSS und ShS wird weiterhin zwischen vorwiegend online oder vorwiegend offline unterschieden. Als Oberbegriff wird Störungen aufgrund von Verhaltenssüchten vorgeschlagen. Für Störungen aufgrund von Verhaltenssüchten, die sich vorwiegend auf online ausgeübte Verhaltensweisen beziehen, kann alternativ der Oberbegriff Internetnutzungsstörungen verwendet werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgeschlagenen Termini weisen Verbesserungen im Vergleich zu uneindeutigen oder aus anderen Gründen ungünstigen Begriffen dar. Gleichzeitig konnte eine Kompatibilität mit der ICD-11 ermöglicht werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Research Group S:TEP, Translational Psychiatry Unit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Anil Batra
- Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie mit Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Anja Bischof
- Research Group S:TEP, Translational Psychiatry Unit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Eva Hoch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Campus Innenstadt, München
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Abteilung Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
| | - Karl Mann
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Christian Montag
- Abteilung für Molekuare Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm
| | - Astrid Müller
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Kai W. Müller
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | | | - Rudolf Stark
- Fachbereich Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften, Psychotherapie und Systemneurowissenschaften, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
| | - Bert te Wildt
- Psychosomatische Klinik Kloster Dießen, Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie am LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - Matthias Brand
- Fachgebiet Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen
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Rumpf HJ, Browne D, Brandt D, Rehbein F. Addressing taxonomic challenges for Internet Use Disorders in light of changing technologies and diagnostic classifications. •. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:942-944. [PMID: 33289695 PMCID: PMC8969722 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing a distinction between mobile and non-mobile Internet Use Disorders is an important step to clarify blurred current concepts in the field of behavioral addictions. Similarly, future technological advances related to virtual or augmented reality, artificial intelligence or the Internet of things might lead to further modifications or new taxonomies. Moreover, diagnostic specifiers like offline/online might change with technological advances and trends of use. An important taxonomical approach might be to look for common structural characteristics of games and applications that will be amenable to new technical developments. Diagnostic and taxonomical approaches based on empirical evidence are important goals in the study of behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Dillon Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Dominique Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
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Kräplin A, Scherbaum S, Kraft EM, Rehbein F, Bühringer G, Goschke T, Mößle T. The role of inhibitory control and decision-making in the course of Internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:990-1001. [PMID: 33136066 PMCID: PMC8969738 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is associated with impaired inhibitory control and more impulsive decision-making. However, it remains unclear whether these associations are cross-sectional or predictive. We aimed to test the hypotheses that lower inhibitory control and more impulsive decision-making correlate with, are predicted by and predict more time spent on gaming and higher IGD severity. METHODS A stratified convenience sample of 70 male participants (18-21 years) was recruited to achieve broad data variability for hours spent on gaming and IGD severity. In three annual assessments (T1, T2, T3), we measured gaming behaviour and IGD severity using the Video Game Dependency Scale (CSAS-II). Both gaming-related measures were correlates (T1), predictors (T2), or outcomes (T3) of inhibitory control and decision making, which were assessed at T2 using a go/no-go task and an intertemporal-choice task, respectively. RESULTS Higher IGD severity at T1 predicted more impulsive decision-making at T2 (β = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.14-0.76). Lower inhibitory control at T2 predicted more hours spent on gaming at T3 (β = -0.13, 95% CI = -0.25 to -0.02). We found weak or no evidence for the other associations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Lower inhibitory control predicts more time spent gaming, possibly due to insufficient top-down regulation of the behaviour. Impulsive decision-making is rather a consequence of IGD than a predictor, which may be due to altered reward learning. One-dimensional etiological assumptions about the relationship between neurocognitive impairments and IGD seem not to be appropriate for the complexity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Kraft
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
- Private Psychotherapy Practice, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Faculty of Criminal Sciences, State Police College of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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Rumpf HJ, Brand M, Wegmann E, Montag C, Müller A, Müller K, Wölfling K, Stark R, Steins-Löber S, Hayer T, Schlossarek S, Hoffmann H, Leménager T, Lindenberg K, Thomasius R, Batra A, Mann K, te Wildt B, Mößle T, Rehbein F. Covid-19-Pandemie und Verhaltenssüchte. SUCHT 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Einführung und Zielsetzung: Die COVID-19 Pandemie und die entsprechenden Lockdown-Maßnahmen verdeutlichen, dass besondere Strategien der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention für Online-Verhaltenssüchte notwendig sind. Begründung: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit ist hoch, dass die COVID-19 Krise und die begleitenden Maßnahmen zu deren Eindämmung die Risiken für die Entwicklung von Verhaltenssüchten erhöht haben. Dazu tragen Faktoren wie Fortfall von terrestrischen Angeboten, soziale Isolation und erzwungene Inaktivität sowie Bedeutungsgewinn von Online-Angeboten bei. Gleichzeitig können als Folge bei bereits bestehenden Störungen die Schwere zu- und Remissionschancen abgenommen haben. Auch von einem erhöhten Rückfallrisiko kann ausgegangen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Es sind epidemiologische Studien notwendig, um veränderte Prävalenzen, Versorgungsbedarfe und geänderte Risikofaktoren zu erfassen. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, Maßnahmen der Verhältnis- und Verhaltensprävention zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Die Identifizierung von Risikoverhalten wäre durch Tracking des Online-Verhaltens möglich und könnte Ausgangspunkt für Maßnahmen wie Spiel- oder Anwendungspausen, Warnhinweise und Verbraucherschutzinformationen sowie konkrete Angebote der Frühintervention oder weitergehende Hilfen sein. Die Anbieter stehen hier in der Pflicht, Verantwortung für ihre Produkte zu übernehmen, das Risiko von Verhaltenssüchten zu minimieren und Maßnahmen von Frühentdeckung und Intervention zu ermöglichen und bereitzustellen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Research Group S:TEP (Substanzbezogene und verwandte Störungen: Therapie, Epidemiologie und Prävention), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Matthias Brand
- Fachgebiet Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- Fachgebiet Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Christian Montag
- Abteilung für Molekulare Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm
| | - Astrid Müller
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Kai Müller
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Institut für Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
| | | | - Tobias Hayer
- Arbeitseinheit Glücksspielforschung, Universität Bremen
| | - Samantha Schlossarek
- Research Group S:TEP (Substanzbezogene und verwandte Störungen: Therapie, Epidemiologie und Prävention), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Hannah Hoffmann
- Research Group S:TEP (Substanzbezogene und verwandte Störungen: Therapie, Epidemiologie und Prävention), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Tagrid Leménager
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Universität Heidelberg
| | | | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Anil Batra
- Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen
| | - Karl Mann
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Bert te Wildt
- Psychosomatische Klinik Kloster Dießen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Hochschule für Polizei Baden-Württemberg, Villingen-Schwenningen
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Kindt S, Szász-Janocha C, Rehbein F, Lindenberg K. School-Related Risk Factors of Internet Use Disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16244938. [PMID: 31817573 PMCID: PMC6949905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research focusing on the risk factors of Internet use disorder (IUD) underlines the effect of sociodemographic variables like age and gender or comorbid mental disorders on IUD symptoms. The relation between IUD symptoms and school-related variables has to date been insufficiently studied. The present study closes this gap by investigating the relation between school-relevant factors such as absenteeism, school grades, procrastination, school-related social behavior, and learning behavior and IUD symptoms in a high-risk sample. n = 418 students between 11 and 21 years of age (M = 15.10, SD = 1.97), screened for elevated risk of IUD, participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, school grades and absent days, Internet use variables (time spent online and gaming), as well as school-related psychological variables (procrastination, learning behavior, and social behavior) were assessed via self-report questionnaires. IUD symptoms were assessed with an adapted version of the German Video Game Dependency Scale (CSAS), which is based on the 9 criteria for Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5. The instrument was adapted to include the assessment of non-gaming IUD symptoms. Taking the hierarchical structure of the data into account, a multilevel modeling approach was used to analyze the data. Procrastination, time spent online, and gaming were significant predictors of IUD symptoms at the individual level, whereas social behavior significantly predicted symptoms of IUD at the school level. In addition to previous findings on risk factors of IUD, this study indicates the importance of school-related factors in the development of IUD, especially psychological factors that play a role in the school setting. The early age of IUD onset and the high relevance of prevention of IUD at the school age underline the relevance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kindt
- Institute for Psychology, University of Education Heidelberg, Keplerstraße 87, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Szász-Janocha
- Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Institute for Psychology, University of Education Heidelberg, Keplerstraße 87, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-477-159
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Rehbein F, Weber J, Christine Bergmann M, Rumpf HJ, Baier D. Reichweite von Suchtprävention aus der Perspektive jugendlicher Endadressaten. SUCHT 2019. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ziele: In dieser Studie wird ermittelt, welcher Anteil von Neuntklässler_innen in ihrem bisherigen Leben durch Suchtpräventionsmaßnahmen zu spezifischen Konsumrisiken (Alkohol, Rauchen, Cannabis, Ecstasy/LSD, Glücksspiel, Computerspiel) erreicht wurde (Reichweite von Suchtprävention). Methodik: Datengrundlage bildet eine niedersachenweite repräsentative Befragung von Schüler_innen der neunten Jahrgangsstufe (n = 10.638). Ergebnisse: 82,7 Prozent der befragten Jugendlichen nimmt bis zur neunten Klasse an Suchtprävention zu mindestens einem Konsumrisiko teil. Die Reichweite von Suchtprävention variiert zwischen den zu adressierenden Konsumrisiken: Rauchen: 66,5 %; Alkohol: 73,3 %; Cannabis: 53,6 %; Ecstasy/LSD: 37,4 %; Glücksspiel: 22,1 %; Computerspiele: 35,7 %. Ebenso variieren die eingesetzten Vermittlungsmethoden: Unterricht durch Lehrkraft: 55,5 %; Workshop: 26,6 %; Projektwoche: 24,4 %; Wettbewerb: 8,5 %; Mitmach-Station: 11,5 %; Infomaterialien: 26,8 %; Online-Informationen: 28,1 %. Während dem Urbanisierungsgrad der Wohnregion kaum eine Bedeutung für die Reichweite von Suchtprävention zukommt, haben Hauptschüler_innen gegenüber Gymnasiast_innen in geringerem Maße an extern vermittelten suchtpräventiven Angeboten teilgenommen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Suchtprävention zum Themenfeld illegale Substanzen und insbesondere exzessiv-belohnenden Verhaltensangeboten einen zu geringen Anteil von Jugendlichen erreicht und ausgebaut werden sollte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Weber
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN)
| | | | | | - Dirk Baier
- Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW)
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Rumpf HJ, Bischof A, Bischof G, Besser B, Brand D, Rehbein F. Early Intervention in Gaming Disorder: What Can We Learn from Findings in the Substance Abuse Field? Curr Addict Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse einer bundesweit repräsentativen Schülerbefragung an 44 610 Schülerinnen und Schülern neunter Klassen vorgestellt, die in den Jahren 2007 und 2008 vom Kriminologischen Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN) durchgeführt wurde. Basierend auf einem neu entwickelten Screeninginstrument (KFN-CSAS-II), welches jedem dritten jugendlichen Befragungsteilnehmer (n = 15 168) vorgelegt wurde, werden 3% der Jungen und 0,3% der Mädchen als computerspielabhängig diagnostiziert. Die Daten zeigen, dass sich Computerspielabhängigkeit als klinisch relevantes Phänomen gut von einem ausschließlich zeitlich auffälligen und damit vergleichsweise weniger problematischen Spielverhalten abgrenzen lässt. In einer Validitätsprüfung des Diagnoseinstrumentes ergibt sich für computerspielabhängige Jugendliche eine erhöhte psychosoziale Belastung in Form geringerer Schulleistungen, vermehrten Schulschwänzens, verringerter Schlafzeiten, eingeengtem Freizeiterleben und vermehrter Suizidgedanken. Zusätzlich zeigt sich, dass Spieler bestimmter Computerspiele offenbar in besonderem Maße von Computerspielabhängigkeit betroffen sind. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen leiten sich neben zusätzlichem Forschungsbedarf gesundheitspolitische Folgerungen ab, die am Ende des Artikels diskutiert werden.
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Petry NM, Zajac K, Ginley M, Lemmens J, Rumpf HJ, Ko CH, Rehbein F. Policy and prevention efforts for gaming should consider a broad perspective. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:543-547. [PMID: 30111170 PMCID: PMC6426389 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder is gaining attention around the world. Some efforts have been directed toward preventing gaming problems from developing or persisting, but few approaches have been empirically evaluated. No known effective prevention intervention exists. Reviewing the broader field of prevention research should help research and best practices move forward in abating problems that arise from excessive gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Petry
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristyn Zajac
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Meredith Ginley
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jeroen Lemmens
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Rumpf HJ, Achab S, Billieux J, Bowden-Jones H, Carragher N, Demetrovics Z, Higuchi S, King DL, Mann K, Potenza M, Saunders JB, Abbott M, Ambekar A, Aricak OT, Assanangkornchai S, Bahar N, Borges G, Brand M, Chan EML, Chung T, Derevensky J, Kashef AE, Farrell M, Fineberg NA, Gandin C, Gentile DA, Griffiths MD, Goudriaan AE, Grall-Bronnec M, Hao W, Hodgins DC, Ip P, Király O, Lee HK, Kuss D, Lemmens JS, Long J, Lopez-Fernandez O, Mihara S, Petry NM, Pontes HM, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rehbein F, Rehm J, Scafato E, Sharma M, Spritzer D, Stein DJ, Tam P, Weinstein A, Wittchen HU, Wölfling K, Zullino D, Poznyak V. Including gaming disorder in the ICD-11: The need to do so from a clinical and public health perspective. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:556-561. [PMID: 30010410 PMCID: PMC6426367 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed introduction of gaming disorder (GD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has led to a lively debate over the past year. Besides the broad support for the decision in the academic press, a recent publication by van Rooij et al. (2018) repeated the criticism raised against the inclusion of GD in ICD-11 by Aarseth et al. (2017). We argue that this group of researchers fails to recognize the clinical and public health considerations, which support the WHO perspective. It is important to recognize a range of biases that may influence this debate; in particular, the gaming industry may wish to diminish its responsibility by claiming that GD is not a public health problem, a position which maybe supported by arguments from scholars based in media psychology, computer games research, communication science, and related disciplines. However, just as with any other disease or disorder in the ICD-11, the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs. Therefore, we reiterate our conclusion that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Corresponding author: PD Dr. Hans-Jürgen Rumpf; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Phone: +49 451 5009 8751; Fax: +49 451 5009 8754; E-mail:
| | - Sophia Achab
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Service of Addictology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Geneva WHO Collaborating Center for Training and Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Central North West London NHS Trust, Division of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel L. King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Mann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John B. Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Max Abbott
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Atul Ambekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Alcohol Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition Center for Behavioral Addiction Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Elda Mei-Lo Chan
- Integrated Centre on Addiction Prevention and Treatment, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jeff Derevensky
- Applied Child Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmad El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK,Department of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claudia Gandin
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, National Observatory on Alcohol, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Mental Health Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wei Hao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David C. Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick Ip
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daria Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeroen S. Lemmens
- Center for Research on Children, Adolescents, and the Media, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiang Long
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nancy M. Petry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Halley M. Pontes
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scafato
- National Observatory on Alcohol, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Manoi Sharma
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Daniel Spritzer
- Study Group on Technological Addictions, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philip Tam
- Network for Internet Investigation and Research in Australia, The Delta Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aviv Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Ariel, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Service of Addictology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Gentile DA, Bailey K, Bavelier D, Brockmyer JF, Cash H, Coyne SM, Doan A, Grant DS, Green CS, Griffiths M, Markle T, Petry NM, Prot S, Rae CD, Rehbein F, Rich M, Sullivan D, Woolley E, Young K. Internet Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 140:S81-S85. [PMID: 29093038 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Psychiatric Association recently included Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a potential diagnosis, recommending that further study be conducted to help illuminate it more clearly. This paper is a summary of the review undertaken by the IGD Working Group as part of the 2015 National Academy of Sciences Sackler Colloquium on Digital Media and Developing Minds. By using measures based on or similar to the IGD definition, we found that prevalence rates range between ∼1% and 9%, depending on age, country, and other sample characteristics. The etiology of IGD is not well-understood at this time, although it appears that impulsiveness and high amounts of time gaming may be risk factors. Estimates for the length of time the disorder can last vary widely, but it is unclear why. Although the authors of several studies have demonstrated that IGD can be treated, no randomized controlled trials have yet been published, making any definitive statements about treatment impossible. IGD does, therefore, appear to be an area in which additional research is clearly needed. We discuss several of the critical questions that future research should address and provide recommendations for clinicians, policy makers, and educators on the basis of what we know at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio
| | - Daphne Bavelier
- Department of Psychology and Education Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Sarah M Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Andrew Doan
- Department of Mental Health, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - C Shawn Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nancy M Petry
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sara Prot
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael Rich
- Center on Media and Child Health, Harvard University Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kimberly Young
- Stategic Leadership, St Bonaventure University, St Bonaventure, New York
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14
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Rumpf HJ, Batra A, Bleckmann P, Brand M, Gohlke A, Feindel H, Große Perdekamp M, Leménager T, Kaess M, Markowetz A, Mößle T, Montag C, Müller A, Müller K, Pauly A, Petersen KU, Rehbein F, Schnell K, te Wildt B, Thomasius R, Wartberg L, Wirtz M, Wölfling K, Wurst FM. Empfehlungen der Expertengruppe zur Prävention von Internetbezogenen Störungen. SUCHT 2017. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Internetbezogene Störungen stellen ein noch junges Forschungsgebiet dar. Das gilt insbesondere auch für den Bereich der Prävention und Frühintervention. Methode: Eine Expertengruppe hat auf Initiative der Drogenbeauftragten, Frau Marlene Mortler, für den Drogen-und Suchtrat der Bundesregierung Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der Prävention Internetbezogener Störungen ausgearbeitet. Die Texte wurden innerhalb der Expertengruppe konsentiert. Ergebnisse: Die Prävention von Internetbezogenen Störungen ist derzeit wissenschaftlich nicht ausreichend untermauert. Vorhandene Programme sind daher in ihrer Wirksamkeit nicht belegt und beziehen sich fast ausschließlich auf die Verhaltensprävention und kaum auf die Frühintervention. Die Möglichkeiten verhältnispräventiver Maßnahmen sind bislang wenig ausgeschöpft. Es lassen sich einige Merkmale potenziell wirkungsvoller Maßnahmen aus anderen Bereichen der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung ableiten. Dabei wird häufig auch auf Konzepte der Suchtprävention zurückgegriffen. Es ist dringend geboten, wirksame Konzepte bei der Planung von Prävention und Frühintervention Internetbezogener Störungen zu berücksichtigen. Die Versorgung mit Präventionsangeboten ist derzeit als defizitär anzusehen. Die Expertengruppe gibt u. a. folgende Empfehlungen: 1) Maßnahmen der Prävention müssen sich so gut wie möglich an wissenschaftlich nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit orientieren. Nur wirksame Maßnahmen sollten flächendeckend umgesetzt werden. 2) Maßnahmen der wirksamen Frühintervention, die große Gruppen Betroffener erreichen, sollten gefördert werden. 3) Die Möglichkeiten der Verstärkung verhältnispräventiver Anstrengungen bei der Gestaltung des Schutzes Minderjähriger, der Beschränkung von Konsummöglichkeiten, der Produktgestaltung, der Werbebeschränkungen und der Regelungen zum Konsumumfeld sind zu prüfen. 4) Förderung der Forschung im Bereich der Mechanismen und präventiven Konzepte bei Internetbezogenen Störungen muss dringend erfolgen. 5) Die Schaffung eines Kompetenzzentrums oder Kompetenznetzwerks und einer Expertenkommission Internetbezogene Störungen wird empfohlen. Zentrum/Netzwerk und Kommission wären erste Ansprechpartner für Akteure in der Prävention und Frühintervention (z. B. Länder, Kommunen und Einrichtungen), um Maßnahmen zu prüfen oder Interventionen zu empfehlen. 6) Regionale Koordinierungsstellen, die wirksame präventive Angebote sowie Fortbildungs- und Vernetzungskonzepte bereitstellen, sind notwendig und anzustreben. Die Koordinierungsstellen sollten mit dem Kompetenzzentrum/-netzwerk und der Expertenkommission eng kooperieren. 7) Ein Frühwarnsystem soll zeitnah neue Spiele und Apps identifizieren, die ein hohes Suchtpotenzial aufweisen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Batra
- Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tübingen
| | - Paula Bleckmann
- Fachbereich Bildungswissenschaft, Alanus Hochschule für Kunst und Gesellschaft, Alfter
| | - Matthias Brand
- Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition, Center for Behavioral Addictions (CEBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | | | | | - Maria Große Perdekamp
- Onlineberatung der Bundeskonferenz für Erziehungsberatung, Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, Fürth
| | - Tagrid Leménager
- Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
| | - Michael Kaess
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Sektion für translationale Psychobiologie in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | | | - Thomas Mößle
- Hochschule für Polizei Baden-Württemberg, Villingen-Schwenningen
| | | | - Astrid Müller
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Kai Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Anne Pauly
- Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln
| | - Kay-Uwe Petersen
- Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tübingen
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN), Hannover
| | - Katja Schnell
- AG Sucht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Obersten Landesgesundheitsbehörden (AOLG)
| | - Bert te Wildt
- Psychosomatische Medizin & Psychotherapie, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters(DZSKJ), UKE Hamburg
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters(DZSKJ), UKE Hamburg
| | | | - Klaus Wölfling
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Friedrich Martin Wurst
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel; Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Suchforschung, Universität Hamburg
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15
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Kliem S, Lohmann A, Klatt T, Mößle T, Rehbein F, Hinz A, Beutel M, Brähler E. Brief assessment of subjective health complaints: Development, validation and population norms of a brief form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-8). J Psychosom Res 2017; 95:33-43. [PMID: 28314547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is no causal relationship to medical morbidity, routine clinical assessment of somatic symptoms aids medical diagnosis and assessment of treatment effectiveness. Regardless of their causes, somatic symptoms indicate suffering, distress, and help-seeking behavior. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a brief self-report questionnaire to assess somatic symptom strain. METHODS A brief form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-8) was developed and validated in a large population sample representative of the Federal Republic of Germany (N=2008). Psychometric analyses included confirmation of factor structure, classical item analysis, and measurement invariance tests. The sample furthermore served as a norm group. As indicators of construct validity, correlations with measures of anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and primary care contact were computed. RESULTS Psychometric analyses yielded excellent scale properties regarding item characteristics, factor structure, and measurement invariance tests (Cronbach's alpha=0.88; CFI=0.980, TLI=0.965, RMSEA=0.049) for the second-order four-factor model; strict invariance was confirmed for gender, depression status, and physician contacts; strong invariance was confirmed regarding age and age×gender. CONCLUSIONS The GBB-8 with its four subscales exhaustion, gastrointestinal complaints, musculoskeletal complaints, and cardiovascular complaints proves to be an economic measure of subjective symptom strain. Psychometric analyses deem it suitable for epidemiological research. The availability of norms makes it a potential everyday tool for general practitioners and psychosomatic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Germany; Technical University of Brunswick, Department of Psychology, Germany.
| | - Anna Lohmann
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thimna Klatt
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hinz
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Germany
| | - Manfred Beutel
- University of Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Germany; University of Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Germany
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16
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Rumpf HJ, Arnaud N, Batra A, Bischof A, Bischof G, Brand M, Gohlke A, Kaess M, Kiefer F, Leménager T, Mann K, Mößle T, Müller A, Müller K, Rehbein F, Thomasius R, Wartberg L, Wildt BT, Wölfling K, Wurst FM. Memorandum Internetbezogene Störungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG-Sucht). SUCHT 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Internetbezogene Störungen stellen noch ein recht junges Phänomen dar. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit auf diese neuen Störungsbilder zu reagieren und Ziele für Behandlung und Versorgung sowie Forschung und Politik zu setzen. Das vorliegende Memorandum fasst den Stand der Erkenntnisse zusammen und formuliert entsprechende Ziele. Methode: In einem iterativen Prozess wurde innerhalb einer Gruppe von 21 Experten ein Konsens erarbeitet. Der finale Text wurde dann noch einmal vom Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG-Sucht) konsentiert. Ergebnisse: Die Expertengruppe einigt sich auf den Begriff „Internetbezogene Störungen“ und fasst darunter eine ausgeprägte Form, die derzeit am besten bei den Suchterkrankungen verortet werden kann, sowie auch fortgesetzte schädliche oder missbräuchliche Nutzung sowie riskante Nutzungsweisen im Sinne der Vorform einer ausgeprägten Problematik. Es werden Schätzwerte für die Prävalenz sowie Risikofaktoren auf Basis des jetzigen Erkenntnisstands zusammengefasst. Hinsichtlich der Prävention und Behandlung wird resümiert, dass wenig Evidenz zur Verfügung steht. Die Experten leiten dezidierte Ziele und Forderungen für Behandlung, Forschung und politisches Handeln ab. Schlussfolgerung: Das Memorandum weist den jetzigen Kenntnisstand auf, zeigt jedoch auch die vielen eklatanten Lücken. Neben Verbesserungen durch eine vereinheitlichte Diagnostik ist die Entwicklung und insbesondere auch der Wirksamkeitsnachweis für Interventionen in Prävention und Behandlung vordringlich. Ziele der Versorgung sind an zentrale Forschungsfragen gebunden und müssen durch politisches Handeln befördert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
| | - Anil Batra
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen, Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung
| | - Anja Bischof
- Universität zu Lübeck, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Universität zu Lübeck, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Matthias Brand
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fachgebiet Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition, Abteilung für Informatik und Angewandte Kognitionswissenschaft
| | | | - Michael Kaess
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Sektion Translationale Psychobiologie in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Universität Heidelberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin
| | - Tagrid Leménager
- Universität Heidelberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin
| | - Karl Mann
- Universität Heidelberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN)
| | - Astrid Müller
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
| | - Kai Müller
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ambulanz für Spielsucht
| | | | - Rainer Thomasius
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
| | - Bert te Wildt
- LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ambulanz für Spielsucht
| | - Friedrich Martin Wurst
- Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität (PMU), Salzburg
- Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung, Hamburg
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Rehbein F, Staudt A, Hanslmaier M, Kliem S. Video game playing in the general adult population of Germany: Can higher gaming time of males be explained by gender specific genre preferences? Computers in Human Behavior 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA, Lemmens JS, Rumpf HJ, Mößle T, Bischof G, Tao R, Fung DSS, Borges G, Auriacombe M, González-Ibáñez A, Tam P, O'Brien CP. Griffiths et al.'s comments on the international consensus statement of internet gaming disorder: furthering consensus or hindering progress? Addiction 2016; 111:175-8. [PMID: 26669531 DOI: 10.1111/add.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Ran Tao
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry and Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angels González-Ibáñez
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Hospital de Mataró Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip Tam
- Network for Internet Investigation and Research Australia, Australia
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Abstract
The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes in its research appendix a potential new diagnosis-Internet gaming disorder. This article outlines the debate surrounding non-substance addictions and the rationale for including this condition in the "Conditions for Further Study" chapter in DSM-5 Section III. It also describes the diagnostic criteria that DSM-5 recommends and methods to assess Internet gaming disorder. The paper details international research related to prevalence rates, demographic, psychiatric, and neurobiological risk factors, the natural course of the condition, and promising treatment approaches. The paper concludes by describing important issues for research to address prior to official recognition of this condition as a mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3944, USA,
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Rehbein F, Kliem S, Baier D, Mößle T, Petry NM. Systematic Validation of Internet Gaming Disorder Criteria Needs to Start Somewhere: A Reply to Kardefelt-Winther. Addiction 2015; 110:1360-2. [PMID: 26173161 DOI: 10.1111/add.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dirk Baier
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nancy M Petry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Rehbein F, Zenses EM, Möller C, Mößle T. Computerspielabhängigkeit im Jugendalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-014-3240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Mit der vorliegenden Studie werden die regelmäßige, riskante und problematische Glücksspielnutzung sowie psychosoziale Risikoindikatoren des Glücksspielkonsums im Jugendalter untersucht. Datengrundlage bildet eine für Niedersachsen repräsentative Dunkelfeldbefragung mit 11 003 Neuntklässlern. Zur Klassifikation wurde der Glücksspiel-Screen DSM-IV-MR-J eingesetzt. Auf Basis theoretisch abgeleiteter Risikoindikatoren aus den Bereichen Soziodemographie, Person, Freizeit-, Problemverhalten, Familie, Peers und Schule/Nachbarschaft wurden binär logistische Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalysen zur Vorhersage regelmäßiger und riskanter Glücksspielnutzung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Glücksspielverhalten bei Jugendlichen von kommerziellen Angeboten dominiert wird. 3.5 % der Jugendlichen weisen eine regelmäßige, 1.1 % eine riskante und 0.3 % eine problematische Glücksspielnutzung auf. Jungen sind in allen glücksspielaffinen Gruppen deutlich stärker vertreten. Bedeutsame Prädiktorvariablen für regelmäßige und riskante Glücksspielnutzung sind neben dem Geschlecht und dem Migrationshintergrund, eine erhöhte Gewaltakzeptanz und eine Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft. Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum sowie insbesondere der Freundeskreis prädizieren ein regelmäßiges Glücksspielverhalten, während Gewalttäterschaft sowie Variablen aus dem Bereich Schule/Nachbarschaft ein riskantes Glücksspielverhalten vorhersagen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Hayer
- Institut für Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung der Universität Bremen
| | - Dirk Baier
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen
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Rehbein F, Kliem S, Baier D, Mößle T, Petry NM. Prevalence of Internet gaming disorder in German adolescents: diagnostic contribution of the nine DSM-5 criteria in a state-wide representative sample. Addiction 2015; 110:842-51. [PMID: 25598040 DOI: 10.1111/add.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is included as a condition for further study in Section 3 of the DSM-5. Nine criteria were proposed with a threshold of five or more criteria recommended for diagnosis. The aims of this study were to assess how the specific criteria contribute to diagnosis and to estimate prevalence rates of IGD based on DSM-5 recommendations. DESIGN Large-scale, state-representative school survey using a standardized questionnaire. SETTING Germany (Lower Saxony). PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 003 ninth-graders aged 13-18 years (mean = 14.88, 51.09% male). MEASUREMENTS IGD was assessed with a DSM-5 adapted version of the Video Game Dependency Scale that covered all nine criteria of IGD. FINDINGS In total, 1.16% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96, 1.36] of respondents were classified with IGD according to DSM-5 recommendations. IGD students played games for longer periods, skipped school more often, had lower grades in school, reported more sleep problems and more often endorsed feeling 'addicted to gaming' than their non-IGD counterparts. The most frequently reported DSM-5 criteria overall were 'escape adverse moods' (5.30%) and 'preoccupation' (3.91%), but endorsement of these criteria rarely related to IGD diagnosis. Conditional inference trees showed that the criteria 'give up other activities', 'tolerance' and 'withdrawal' were of key importance for identifying IGD as defined by DSM-5. CONCLUSIONS Based on a state-wide representative school survey in Germany, endorsement of five or more criteria of DSM-5 internet gaming disorder (IGD) occurred in 1.16% of the students, and these students evidence greater impairment compared with non-IGD students. Symptoms related to 'give up other activities', 'tolerance' and 'withdrawal' are most relevant for IGD diagnosis in this age group.
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Kliem S, Mößle T, Rehbein F, Hellmann DF, Zenger M, Brähler E. A brief form of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (F-SozU) was developed, validated, and standardized. J Clin Epidemiol 2014; 68:551-62. [PMID: 25499982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Development of a brief instrument (F-SozU K-6) for the measurement of perceived social support in epidemiologic contexts by shortening a well-established German questionnaire (F-SozU K-14). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING The development of the F-SozU K-6 consisted of two phases; phase 1: the F-SozU K-14 was presented to a general population sample representative for the Federal Republic of Germany (N = 2,007; age: 14-92 years). Six items for the short form were selected based on the maximization of coefficient alpha. Phase 2: the new short form (F-SozU K-6) was evaluated and standardized in an independent second population survey (N = 2,508, age: 14-92 years). RESULTS The F-SozU K-6 showed very good reliability and excellent model fit indices for the one-dimensional factorial structure of the scale. Furthermore, strict measurement invariance was detected allowing unbiased comparison of means and correlation coefficients and path coefficients between both sexes across the full lifespan from adolescence (14-92 years). Well-established associations of perceived social support with depression and somatic symptoms could be replicated using the short form. CONCLUSION The F-SozU K-6 presents a reliable, valid, and economical instrument to assess perceived social support and can thus be effectively applied within the frameworks of clinical epidemiologic studies or related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Deborah F Hellmann
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA, Lemmens JS, Rumpf HJ, Mößle T, Bischof G, Tao R, Fung DSS, Borges G, Auriacombe M, GonzálezIbáñez A, Tam P, O'Brien CP. Moving internet gaming disorder forward: A reply. Addiction 2014; 109:1412-3. [PMID: 25103100 DOI: 10.1111/add.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA, Lemmens JS, Rumpf HJ, Mößle T, Bischof G, Tao R, Fung DSS, Borges G, Auriacombe M, GonzálezIbáñez A, Tam P, O'Brien CP. Internet gaming and addiction: a reply to King & Delfabbro. Addiction 2014; 109:1567-8. [PMID: 24724947 DOI: 10.1111/add.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA, Lemmens JS, Rumpf HJ, Mößle T, Bischof G, Tao R, Fung DSS, Borges G, Auriacombe M, González Ibáñez A, Tam P, O'Brien CP. An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction 2014; 109:1399-406. [PMID: 24456155 DOI: 10.1111/add.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS For the first time, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduces non-substance addictions as psychiatric diagnoses. The aims of this paper are to (i) present the main controversies surrounding the decision to include internet gaming disorder, but not internet addiction more globally, as a non-substance addiction in the research appendix of the DSM-5, and (ii) discuss the meaning behind the DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder. The paper also proposes a common method for assessing internet gaming disorder. Although the need for common diagnostic criteria is not debated, the existence of multiple instruments reflect the divergence of opinions in the field regarding how best to diagnose this condition. METHODS We convened international experts from European, North and South American, Asian and Australasian countries to discuss and achieve consensus about assessing internet gaming disorder as defined within DSM-5. RESULTS We describe the intended meaning behind each of the nine DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder and present a single item that best reflects each criterion, translated into the 10 main languages of countries in which research on this condition has been conducted. CONCLUSIONS Using results from this cross-cultural collaboration, we outline important research directions for understanding and assessing internet gaming disorder. As this field moves forward, it is critical that researchers and clinicians around the world begin to apply a common methodology; this report is the first to achieve an international consensus related to the assessment of internet gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Zenses E, Mößle T, Rehbein F, Fischer F, Möller C. EPA-0667 – Video game addicted patients of an inpatient treatment center for addiction – a description according to DSM-IV-TR multiaxial diagnostic. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kornhuber J, Zenses EM, Lenz B, Stoessel C, Bouna-Pyrrou P, Rehbein F, Kliem S, Mößle T. Low 2D:4D values are associated with video game addiction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79539. [PMID: 24236143 PMCID: PMC3827365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen-dependent signaling regulates the growth of the fingers on the human hand during embryogenesis. A higher androgen load results in lower 2D:4D (second digit to fourth digit) ratio values. Prenatal androgen exposure also impacts brain development. 2D:4D values are usually lower in males and are viewed as a proxy of male brain organization. Here, we quantified video gaming behavior in young males. We found lower mean 2D:4D values in subjects who were classified according to the CSAS-II as having at-risk/addicted behavior (n = 27) compared with individuals with unproblematic video gaming behavior (n = 27). Thus, prenatal androgen exposure and a hyper-male brain organization, as represented by low 2D:4D values, are associated with problematic video gaming behavior. These results may be used to improve the diagnosis, prediction, and prevention of video game addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Zenses
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christina Stoessel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to work out the differential significance of risk factors of media usage, personality and social environment in order to explain problematic video game usage in childhood and adolescence. Method: Data are drawn from the Berlin Longitudinal Study Media, a four-year longitudinal control group study with 1 207 school children. Data from 739 school children who participated at 5th and 6th grade were available for analysis. Result: To explain the development of problematic video game usage, all three areas, i. e. specific media usage patterns, certain aspects of personality and certain factors pertaining to social environment, must be taken into consideration. Video game genre, video gaming in reaction to failure in the real world (media usage), the children’s/adolescents’ academic self-concept (personality), peer problems and parental care (social environment) are of particular significance. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize that in future – and above all also longitudinal – studies different factors regarding social environment must also be taken into account with the recorded variables of media usage and personality in order to be able to explain the construct of problematic video game usage. Furthermore, this will open up possibilities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Introduction: The term Internet addiction encompasses a broad range of activities which in isolation have rarely been studied for their clinical relevance. This study looks at whether video game addiction and Internet addiction can be regarded as distinct nosological entities and whether there is a differential impact on those affected. It also aims to describe the type of activities that contribute most to the addiction. Methods: Data was collected in a school survey of Grade 7 to 10 students (M = 14.5 years; n = 4 436). Besides video game addiction (CSAS-II) and Internet addiction (CIUS), indicators of media consumption, functional level, well-being, burden for significant others and psychological strain were collected. Results: Internet and video game addiction can be regarded as two distinct nosological entities. This differentiation is supported by differences in sociodemographic variables and measures of validation. The subjective suffering seems to be higher among adolescent video game addicts than Internet addicts. Girls with an Internet addiction cite social networks almost exclusively as the cause of their problem while boys also name pornography. Discussion: In research on Internet addiction, a greater differentiation is needed regarding the underlying activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Ausgangspunkt: Bei der Computerspielabhängigkeit handelt es sich um ein noch vergleichsweise neu postuliertes Störungsbild, welches seit einigen Jahren besonders intensiv erforscht und auf seine klinische Relevanz hin untersucht wird. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines Überblicksartikels wird beschrieben, welche diagnostischen Kriterien in gängigen Screeningverfahren zur Erfassung von Computerspielabhängigkeit bislang genutzt werden und wie sich das Störungsbild äußert. Zur Beschreibung der Phänomenologie wird unter Rückgriff auf den internationalen Forschungsstand dargestellt, welchen Belastungen computerspielabhängige Personen in besonderem Maße ausgesetzt sind. Einen abschließenden Schwerpunkt bildet im Sinne einer ätiologischen Perspektive die Frage, ob sich anhand der vorhandenen Datenbasis bereits das Bild einer Person beschreiben lässt, die in besonderer Weise gefährdet ist, eine Computerspielabhängigkeit zu entwickeln. Schlussfolgerungen: In den eingesetzten Screeninginstrumenten zeichnet sich ein zunehmender Konsens hinsichtlich der diagnostischen Kriterien ab. Eine Systematisierung des bisherigen Forschungsstandes zu Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung von Computerspielabhängigkeit weist erwartungskonform auf eine multifaktorielle Genese hin, bei der im Sinne des Suchtdreiecks personen-, umwelt- und spielproduktbezogene Risikofaktoren zusammenwirken. Es besteht jedoch ein hoher Bedarf an längsschnittlichen Studien, um das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren sowie die Folgen von Computerspielabhängigkeit besser beschreiben zu können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rehbein
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN), Hannover
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN), Hannover
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Rehbein F, Mößle T, Jukschat N, Zenses EM. Zur psychosozialen Belastung exzessiver und abhängiger Computerspieler im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Suchttherapie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In work done at the German Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN) various methods have been used to investigate how specific inappropriate media usage patterns affect academic performance in children and adolescents. The findings are paralleled by current international research indicating a negative relationship between these two variables. Based on a cross-sectional survey of 5,529 fourth grade students and a longitudinal panel study with 1,157 primary schoolchildren, a key finding can be demonstrated: the more time students spend on consuming media and the more violent its contents are, the worse are their marks at school, even when controlling for vital factors such as family, educational, or immigrant background. In particular, boys who gender-specifically are better equipped with electronic media devices, who partially have extensive media usage times and who strongly prefer violent media content, are at the risk of showing poor school performance. In fact, a decrease in academic performance of boys can be observed in German school statistics. By presenting first results of a school-based intervention programme, a promising approach to the reduction of detrimental effects of electronic media use on school performance is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mössle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany.
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Rehbein F, Psych G, Kleimann M, Mediasci G, Mößle T. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Video Game Dependency in Adolescence: Results of a German Nationwide Survey. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2010; 13:269-77. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Grad Psych
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Kleimann
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Grad Mediasci
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN), Hanover, Germany
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Rehbein F. [Proceedings: Errors in abdominal surgery in children (author's transl)]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1973; 334:721-9. [PMID: 4776152 DOI: 10.1007/bf01286637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Rehbein F. Dringliche Eingriffe beim Neugeborenen. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00671175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koch A, Rehbein F. [Special surgical measures during traumatic pancreatic cysts in children]. Ann Chir Infant 1972; 13:401-3. [PMID: 4661401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rehbein F, Sigge W. [Uretero-vesicopexy. A new and simple method of relieving vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1972; 97:1369-71 passim. [PMID: 4560190 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Berger D, Rehbein F. [Treatment of colonic atresia and stenosis]. Ann Chir Infant 1972; 13:113-6. [PMID: 5047622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Rehbein F, Gerhard K. [Diverticula of the urinary bladder in children]. BRATISL MED J 1969; 52:369-78. [PMID: 4982148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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48
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Rehbein F, von der Oelsnitz G, Willich E. [Megaureter due to ureter ostium stenosis]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd (1902) 1969; 117:211. [PMID: 5377509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Rehbein F. [Errors, dangers and complications in pediatric abdominal surgery]. Chirurg 1969; 40:13-9. [PMID: 5350837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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