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Durgan DJ, Zubcevic J, Vijay-Kumar M, Yang T, Manandhar I, Aryal S, Muralitharan RR, Li HB, Li Y, Abais-Battad JM, Pluznick JL, Muller DN, Marques FZ, Joe B. Prospects for Leveraging the Microbiota as Medicine for Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:951-963. [PMID: 38630799 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Durgan
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (D.J.D.)
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Microbiome Consortium, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Microbiome Consortium, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Microbiome Consortium, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
| | - Ishan Manandhar
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Microbiome Consortium, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
| | - Sachin Aryal
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Microbiome Consortium, Toledo, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (J.Z., M.V.-K., T.Y., I.M., S.A., B.J.)
| | - Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, PR China (H.-B.L., Y.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, PR China (H.-B.L., Y.L.)
| | | | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.L.P.)
| | - Dominik N Muller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (D.N.M.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (D.N.M.)
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (D.N.M.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (D.N.M.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (D.J.D.)
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Snelson M, Vanuytsel T, Marques FZ. Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Gut Epithelial Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2. [PMID: 38662328 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review what intestinal permeability is and how it is measured, and to summarise the current evidence linking altered intestinal permeability with the development of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Increased gastrointestinal permeability, directly measured in vivo, has been demonstrated in experimental and genetic animal models of hypertension. This is consistent with the passage of microbial substances to the systemic circulation and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Evidence for increased gut permeability in human hypertension has been reliant of a handful of blood biomarkers, with no studies directly measuring gut permeability in hypertensive cohorts. There is emerging literature that some of these putative biomarkers may not accurately reflect permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. Data from animal models of hypertension support they have increased gut permeability; however, there is a dearth of conclusive evidence in humans. Future studies are needed that directly measure intestinal permeability in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Moore BN, Medcalf AD, Muir RQ, Xu C, Marques FZ, Pluznick JL. Commensal Microbiota Regulate Aldosterone. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38634136 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00051.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates many important host physiological processes associated with cardiovascular health and disease; however, the impact of the gut microbiome on aldosterone is unclear. Investigating whether gut microbiota regulate aldosterone can offer novel insights into how the microbiome affects blood pressure. In this study, we aimed to determine whether gut microbiota regulate host aldosterone. We employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to assess plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) in female and male mice in which gut microbiota are intact, suppressed, or absent. In addition, we examined urinary aldosterone. Our findings demonstrated that when the gut microbiota is suppressed following antibiotic treatment, there is an increase in plasma and urinary aldosterone in both female and male mice. In contrast, an increase in PRA is seen only in males. We also found that when gut microbiota are absent (germ-free mice), plasma aldosterone is significantly increased compared to conventional animals (in both females and males), but PRA is not. Understanding how gut microbiota influence aldosterone levels could provide valuable insights into the development and treatment of hypertension and/or primary aldosteronism. This knowledge may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics or dietary modifications to help regulate blood pressure via microbiota-based changes to aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni N Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexandra D Medcalf
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Q Muir
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chudan Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Jama HA, Snelson M, Schutte AE, Muir J, Marques FZ. Recommendations for the Use of Dietary Fiber to Improve Blood Pressure Control. Hypertension 2024. [PMID: 38586958 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
According to several international, regional, and national guidelines on hypertension, lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment to lower blood pressure (BP). Although diet is one of the major lifestyle modifications described in hypertension guidelines, dietary fiber is not specified. Suboptimal intake of foods high in fiber, such as in Westernized diets, is a major contributing factor to mortality and morbidity of noncommunicable diseases due to higher BP and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we address this deficiency by examining and advocating for the incorporation of dietary fiber as a key lifestyle modification to manage elevated BP. We explain what dietary fiber is, review the existing literature that supports its use to lower BP and prevent cardiovascular disease, describe the mechanisms involved, propose evidence-based target levels of fiber intake, provide examples of how patients can achieve the recommended targets, and discuss outstanding questions in the field. According to the evidence reviewed here, the minimum daily dietary fiber for adults with hypertension should be >28 g/day for women and >38 g/day for men, with each extra 5 g/day estimated to reduce systolic BP by 2.8 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 2.1 mm Hg. This would support a healthy gut microbiota and the production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites called short-chain fatty acids that lower BP. Awareness about dietary fiber targets and how to achieve them will guide medical teams on better educating patients and empowering them to increase their fiber intake and, as a result, lower their BP and cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.)
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.)
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (M.S., F.Z.M.)
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (A.E.S.)
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.E.S.)
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, MRC Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (A.E.S.)
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (J.M.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.)
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. (M.S., F.Z.M.)
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (F.Z.M.)
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R Muralitharan R, Nakai ME, Snelson M, Zheng T, Dinakis E, Xie L, Jama H, Paterson M, Shihata W, Wassef F, Vinh A, Drummond GR, Kaye DM, Mackay CR, Marques FZ. Influence of angiotensin II on the gut microbiome: Modest effects in comparison to experimental factors. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae062. [PMID: 38518247 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal models are regularly used to test the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension. Small-scale pre-clinical studies have investigated changes to the gut microbiome in the angiotensin II hypertensive model. However, the gut microbiome is influenced by internal and external experimental factors which are not regularly considered in the study design. Once these factors are accounted for, it is unclear if microbiome signatures are reproduceable. We aimed to determine the influence of angiotensin II treatment on the gut microbiome using a large and diverse cohort of mice and to quantify the magnitude by which other factors contribute to microbiome variations. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a retrospective study to establish a diverse mouse cohort resembling large human studies. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from 538 samples across the gastrointestinal tract of 303 male and female C57BL/6J mice randomised into sham or angiotensin II treatment from different genotypes, diets, animal facilities, and age groups. Analysing over 17 million sequencing reads, we observed that angiotensin II treatment influenced α-diversity (P = 0.0137) and β-diversity (i.e., composition of the microbiome, P < 0.001). Bacterial abundance analysis revealed patterns consistent with a reduction in short-chain fatty acid-producers, microbial metabolites that lower blood pressure. Furthermore, animal facility, genotype, diet, age, sex, intestinal sampling site, and sequencing batch had significant effects on both α- and β-diversity (all P < 0.001). Sampling site (6.8%) and diet (6%) had the largest impact on the microbiome, while angiotensin II and sex had the smallest effect (each 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS Our large-scale data confirmed findings from small-scale studies that angiotensin II impacted the gut microbiome. However, this effect was modest relative to most of the other factors studied. Accounting for these factors in future pre-clinical hypertensive studies will increase the likelihood that microbiome findings are replicable and translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael E Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liang Xie
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamdi Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Madeleine Paterson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Waled Shihata
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Flavia Wassef
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biodiscovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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O’Sullivan JF, Li M, Koay YC, Wang XS, Guglielmi G, Marques FZ, Nanayakkara S, Mariani J, Slaughter E, Kaye DM. Cardiac Substrate Utilization and Relationship to Invasive Exercise Hemodynamic Parameters in HFpEF. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:281-299. [PMID: 38559626 PMCID: PMC10978404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The authors conducted transcardiac blood sampling in healthy subjects and subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to compare cardiac metabolite and lipid substrate use. We demonstrate that fatty acids are less used by HFpEF hearts and that lipid extraction is influenced by hemodynamic factors including pulmonary pressures and cardiac index. The release of many products of protein catabolism is apparent in HFpEF compared to healthy myocardium. In subgroup analyses, differences in energy substrate use between female and male hearts were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. O’Sullivan
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mengbo Li
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Xiao Suo Wang
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash-Alfred-Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin Mariani
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash-Alfred-Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene Slaughter
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David M. Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash-Alfred-Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Marques FZ. Rethinking Culture to Unlock the Potential of Medical Research. Hypertension 2024; 81:110-113. [PMID: 37990913 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Chapman N, Marques FZ, Picone DS, Adji A, Broughton BRS, Dinh QN, Gabb G, Lambert GW, Mihailidou AS, Nelson MR, Stowasser M, Schlaich M, Schultz MG, Mynard JP, Climie RE. Content and delivery preferences for information to support the management of high blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:70-74. [PMID: 35948655 PMCID: PMC10803250 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure(BP) management interventions have been shown to be more effective when accompanied by appropriate patient education. As high BP remains poorly controlled, there may be gaps in patient knowledge and education. Therefore, this study aimed to identify specific content and delivery preferences for information to support BP management among Australian adults from the general public. Given that BP management is predominantly undertaken by general practitioners(GPs), information preferences to support BP management were also ascertained from a small sample of Australian GPs. An online survey of adults was conducted to identify areas of concern for BP management to inform content preferences and preferred format for information delivery. A separate online survey was also delivered to GPs to determine preferred information sources to support BP management. Participants were recruited via social media. General public participants (n = 465) were mostly female (68%), >60 years (57%) and 49% were taking BP-lowering medications. The management of BP without medications, and role of lifestyle in BP management were of concern among 30% and 26% of adults respectively. Most adults (73%) preferred to access BP management information from their GP. 57% of GPs (total n = 23) preferred information for supporting BP management to be delivered via one-page summaries. This study identified that Australian adults would prefer more information about the management of BP without medications and via lifestyle delivered by their GP. This could be achieved by providing GPs with one-page summaries on relevant topics to support patient education and ultimately improve BP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chapman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - F Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - A Adji
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute/ St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B R S Broughton
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Q N Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Gabb
- Cardiology Department, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Acute and Urgent Care, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G W Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - A S Mihailidou
- Department of Cardiology & Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, 2065, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - M Stowasser
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-University of Western Australia, Perth, TAS, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - M G Schultz
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - J P Mynard
- Heart Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, TAS, Australia
| | - R E Climie
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Charchar FJ, Prestes PR, Mills C, Ching SM, Neupane D, Marques FZ, Sharman JE, Vogt L, Burrell LM, Korostovtseva L, Zec M, Patil M, Schultz MG, Wallen MP, Renna NF, Islam SMS, Hiremath S, Gyeltshen T, Chia YC, Gupta A, Schutte AE, Klein B, Borghi C, Browning CJ, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Lee HY, Itoh H, Miura K, Brunström M, Campbell NR, Akinnibossun OA, Veerabhadrappa P, Wainford RD, Kruger R, Thomas SA, Komori T, Ralapanawa U, Cornelissen VA, Kapil V, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jafar TH, Khan N, Williams B, Stergiou G, Tomaszewski M. Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:23-49. [PMID: 37712135 PMCID: PMC10713007 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi J. Charchar
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Priscilla R. Prestes
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Charlotte Mills
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne
| | - James E. Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise M. Burrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Department of Hypertension, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Mansi Patil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Asha Kiran JHC Hospital, Chinchwad
- Hypertension and Nutrition, Core Group of IAPEN India, India
| | - Martin G. Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolás F. Renna
- Unit of Hypertension, Hospital Español de Mendoza, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, IMBECU-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Swapnil Hiremath
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tshewang Gyeltshen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yook-Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhinav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, India
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, SAMRC Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Britt Klein
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Colette J. Browning
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing-Dental School, University of Glasgow, UK
- Department of Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Medicine; Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Keio University, Tokyo
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mattias Brunström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Norm R.C. Campbell
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Praveen Veerabhadrappa
- Kinesiology, Division of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard D. Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Thomas
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Takahiro Komori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Udaya Ralapanawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London
- Barts BP Centre of Excellence, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nadia Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bryan Williams
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - George Stergiou
- Hypertension Centre STRIDE-7, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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10
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Tavares LC, Zheng T, Kwicklis M, Mitchell E, Pandit A, Pullapantula S, Bernard C, Teder‐Laving M, Marques FZ, Esko T, Kuo B, Shulman RJ, Chumpitazi BP, Koch KL, Sarosiek I, Abell TL, McCallum RW, Parkman HP, Pasricha PJ, Hamilton FA, Tonascia J, Zawistowski M, Farrugia G, Grover M, D’Amato M. A pilot genome-wide association study meta-analysis of gastroparesis. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:784-796. [PMID: 37688361 PMCID: PMC10576603 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis (GP) is characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. OBJECTIVE Genetic predisposition may play a role; however, investigation at the genome-wide level has not been performed. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis on (i) 478 GP patients from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC) compared to 9931 population-based controls from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study; and (ii) 402 GP cases compared to 48,340 non-gastroparesis controls from the Michigan Genomics Initiative. Associations for 5,811,784 high-quality SNPs were tested on a total of 880 GP patients and 58,271 controls, using logistic mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and principal components. Gene mapping was obtained based on genomic position and expression quantitative trait loci, and a gene-set network enrichment analysis was performed. Genetic associations with clinical data were tested in GpCRC patients. Protein expression of selected candidate genes was determined in full thickness gastric biopsies from GpCRC patients and controls. RESULTS While no SNP associations were detected at strict significance (p ≤ 5 × 10-8 ), nine independent genomic loci were associated at suggestive significance (p ≤ 1 × 10-5 ), with the strongest signal (rs9273363, odds ratio = 1.4, p = 1 × 10-7 ) mapped to the human leukocyte antigen region. Computational annotation of suggestive risk loci identified 14 protein-coding candidate genes. Gene-set network enrichment analysis revealed pathways potentially involved in immune and motor dysregulation (pFDR ≤ 0.05). The GP risk allele rs6984536A (Peroxidasin-Like; PXDNL) was associated with increased abdominal pain severity scores (Beta = 0.13, p = 0.03). Gastric muscularis expression of PXDNL also positively correlated with abdominal pain in GP patients (r = 0.8, p = 0.02). Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 1 showed decreased expression in diabetic GP patients (p = 0.005 vs. controls). CONCLUSION We report preliminary GWAS findings for GP, which highlight candidate genes and pathways related to immune and sensory-motor dysregulation. Larger studies are needed to validate and expand these findings in independent datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Madeline Kwicklis
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Emily Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | | | | | - Francine Z. Marques
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Heart Failure Research GroupBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tonu Esko
- Institute of GenomicsUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Braden Kuo
- Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Irene Sarosiek
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank A. Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - James Tonascia
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | | | | | - Mauro D’Amato
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Gastrointestinal Genetics LabCIC BioGUNE—BRTADerioSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryLUM UniversityCasamassimaItaly
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11
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Vogt L, Marques FZ, Fujita T, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Novel mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension. Kidney Int 2023; 104:690-697. [PMID: 37454911 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A high dietary sodium-consumption level is considered the most important lifestyle factor that can be modified to help prevent an increase in blood pressure and the development of hypertension. Despite numerous studies over the past decades, the pathophysiology explaining why some people show a salt-sensitive blood pressure response and others do not is incompletely understood. Here, a brief overview of the latest mechanistic insights is provided, focusing on the mononuclear phagocytic system and inflammation, the gut-kidney axis, and epigenetics. The article also discusses the effects of 3 types of novel drugs on salt-sensitive hypertension-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and aldosterone synthase inhibitors. The conclusion is that besides kidney-centered mechanisms, vasoconstrictor mechanisms are also relevant for both the understanding and treatment of this blood pressure phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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12
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Zhou Y, Xie L, Schröder J, Schuster IS, Nakai M, Sun G, Sun YBY, Mariño E, Degli-Esposti MA, Marques FZ, Grubman A, Polo JM, Mackay CR. Dietary Fiber and Microbiota Metabolite Receptors Enhance Cognition and Alleviate Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6460-6475. [PMID: 37596052 PMCID: PMC10506626 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood etiology. AD has several similarities with other "Western lifestyle" inflammatory diseases, where the gut microbiome and immune pathways have been associated. Previously, we and others have noted the involvement of metabolite-sensing GPCRs and their ligands, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in protection of numerous Western diseases in mouse models, such as Type I diabetes and hypertension. Depletion of GPR43, GPR41, or GPR109A accelerates disease, whereas high SCFA yielding diets protect in mouse models. Here, we extended the concept that metabolite-sensing receptors and SCFAs may be a more common protective mechanism against Western diseases by studying their role in AD pathogenesis in the 5xFAD mouse model. Both male and female mice were included. Depletion of GPR41 and GPR43 accelerated cognitive decline and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 5xFAD and WT mice. Lack of fiber/SCFAs accelerated a memory deficit, whereas diets supplemented with high acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) delayed cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. Fiber intake impacted on microglial morphology in WT mice and microglial clustering phenotype in 5xFAD mice. Lack of fiber impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both W and AD mice. Finally, maternal dietary fiber intake significantly affects offspring's cognitive functions in 5xFAD mice and microglial transcriptome in both WT and 5xFAD mice, suggesting that SCFAs may exert their effect during pregnancy and lactation. Together, metabolite-sensing GPCRs and SCFAs are essential for protection against AD, and reveal a new strategy for disease prevention.Significance Statement Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases; currently, there is no cure for AD. In our study, short-chain fatty acids and metabolite receptors play an important role in cognitive function and pathology in AD mouse model as well as in WT mice. SCFAs also impact on microglia transcriptome, and immune cell recruitment. Out study indicates the potential of specialized diets (supplemented with high acetate and butyrate) releasing high amounts of SCFAs to protect against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jan Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6009
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China, 6009
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13
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Muralitharan RR, Snelson M, Meric G, Coughlan MT, Marques FZ. Guidelines for microbiome studies in renal physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F345-F362. [PMID: 37440367 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome research has increased dramatically in the last decade, including in renal health and disease. The field is moving from experiments showing mere association to causation using both forward and reverse microbiome approaches, leveraging tools such as germ-free animals, treatment with antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantations. However, we are still seeing a gap between discovery and translation that needs to be addressed, so that patients can benefit from microbiome-based therapies. In this guideline paper, we discuss the key considerations that affect the gut microbiome of animals and clinical studies assessing renal function, many of which are often overlooked, resulting in false-positive results. For animal studies, these include suppliers, acclimatization, baseline microbiota and its normalization, littermates and cohort/cage effects, diet, sex differences, age, circadian differences, antibiotics and sweeteners, and models used. Clinical studies have some unique considerations, which include sampling, gut transit time, dietary records, medication, and renal phenotypes. We provide best-practice guidance on sampling, storage, DNA extraction, and methods for microbial DNA sequencing (both 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenome). Finally, we discuss follow-up analyses, including tools available, metrics, and their interpretation, and the key challenges ahead in the microbiome field. By standardizing study designs, methods, and reporting, we will accelerate the findings from discovery to translation and result in new microbiome-based therapies that may improve renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge-Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Xu C, Marques FZ. Challenging the status quo: A case for the lack of gut microbiota exacerbating hypertensive end-organ damage. Cardiovasc Res 2023:7140578. [PMID: 37096822 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Carnagarin R, Nolde JM, Yang J, Marques FZ, Picone DS, Lambert GW, Beaney T, Poulter NR, Schutte AE, Reid CM, Brockman D, Schlaich MP. Stagnating rates of blood pressure control in Australia: insights from opportunistic screening of 10 046 participants of the May Measurement Month campaigns. J Hypertens 2023; 41:632-637. [PMID: 36723455 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raised blood pressure (BP) remains the single most important modifiable risk factor contributing to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Australia and worldwide. May Measurement Month , a global BP measurement and screening campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension and carried out in Australia since its inception in 2017, aimed at obtaining standardized BP measurements from members of the community to increase awareness of high BP and its associated risks. METHOD Adults participants (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling across Australia during the month of May in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Trained volunteers recorded BP readings in a standardized manner and collected data on demographic, lifestyle factors and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as SBP of at least 140 mmHg, or DBP of at least 90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. Data were collated centrally and analysis was carried out using regression models to evaluate the associations between BP and participant characteristics. RESULTS A total of 10 046 participants were screened, of whom 3097 (31.0%) had hypertension, only 48.5% were aware of their condition and 44.4% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, 53.2% were controlled to less than 140/90 mmHg, whereas the remaining 46.8% of participants had BP of at least 140/90 mmHg suggestive of inadequately treated hypertension. CONCLUSION Consecutive data obtained over a 3-year period in Australia demonstrated stagnating awareness, treatment and control rates with the latter two being substantially lower than global rates and those in other high-income countries. Concerted efforts from all stakeholders will be required to help overcome the unacceptably poor rates of BP treatment and control in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Hypertension Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Dean S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Population Health, Centre of Clinical Research and Education, Curtin University, Bentley
| | - Derrin Brockman
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Xie L, Alam MJ, Marques FZ, Mackay CR. A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101737. [PMID: 36857894 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet and the gut microbiota have a profound influence on physiology and health, however, mechanisms are still emerging. Here we outline several pathways that gut microbiota products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), use to maintain gut and immune homeostasis. Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, and large quantities of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced. Dietary fibre and SCFAs enhance epithelial integrity and thereby limit systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, SCFAs inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC), and thereby affect gene transcription. SCFAs also bind to 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, which promotes immune homeostasis. The enormous amounts of SCFAs produced in the colon are sufficient to lower pH, which affects the function of proton sensors such as GPR65 expressed on the gut epithelium and immune cells. GPR65 is an anti-inflammatory Gαs-coupled receptor, which leads to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The importance of GPR65 in inflammatory diseases is underscored by genetics associated with the missense variant I231L (rs3742704), which is associated with human inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. There is enormous scope to manipulate these pathways using specialized diets that release very high amounts of specific SCFAs in the gut, and we believe that therapies that rely on chemically modified foods is a promising approach. Such an approach includes high SCFA-producing diets, which we have shown to decrease numerous inflammatory western diseases in mouse models. These diets operate at many levels - increased gut integrity, changes to the gut microbiome, and promotion of immune homeostasis, which represents a new and highly promising way to prevent or treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne,VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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17
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Jama H, RhysJones D, Nakai M, Yao CKK, Climie RE, Sata Y, Anderson D, Creek DJ, Head GA, Kaye DM, Mackay C, Muir J, Marques FZ. S-57-3: GUT MICROBIAL METABOLITES LOWER 24-HOUR SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS. J Hypertens 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000914028.19216.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Mackay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China (C.R.M.).,Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (C.R.M.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (F.Z.M.)
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19
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O'Donnell JA, Dinakis E, Rhys-Jones D, Muralitharan RM, Marques FZ. Abstract P084: Exploring The Role Of Necroptosis In Hypertension. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.p084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Altered immune cell activation plays a key role in promoting hypertension. How the immune system becomes activated during hypertension is unknown. A possibility is necroptosis, a newly described form of cell death that alerts the immune system to dying cells, causing inflammation. Using
Mlkl
-/-
mice that are genetically unable to undergo necroptosis, we explored the role of necroptosis in inflammation or blood pressure regulation during hypertension. We also examined whether Ang-II sensitizes human and murine cells to necroptosis.
Methods:
Monocytes were sorted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 normotensive and 3 untreated hypertensive participants diagnosed with 24h BP monitoring. Primary murine cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were obtained from 3 litters of neonatal C57BL/6J mice. Necroptosis was induced using TNF-alpha, SMAC mimetic and zVAD in the presence or absence of Ang-II. Viability of human cells was measured using propidium iodide and in murine cells with CellTitre-Glo Viability Assay. Hypertension was induced in male
Mlkl
-/-
mice and WT littermate controls by implanting minipumps containing Ang-II (0.5mg/kg/day, 28 days; n=6/group). BP was measured weekly by tail-cuff.
Results:
Monocytes from hypertensive participants were not more susceptible to necroptosis than normotensive participants (P=0.79). This was not altered by Ang-II treatment in normotensive (P=0.98) or hypertensive participants (P=0.92). Moreover, Ang-II did not alter the viability of primary murine fibroblasts
in vitro
(P=0.79). Mouse cardiac fibroblasts were unable to undergo necroptosis. In vivo, there was no difference in BP of Ang-II-treated
Mlkl
-/-
and WT control mice at 4 weeks (P=0.87).
Conclusions:
We show that monocytes from hypertensive participants were not more susceptible to necroptosis, compared to normotensive participants. Furthermore, Ang-II did sensitize mouse cardiac fibroblasts or human monocytes to necroptosis. No changes in BP were observed between Ang-II treated WT and MLKL knockout mice, suggesting necroptosis does not impact BP regulation. Further analyses are being performed to determine if inflammation or fibrosis are altered when necroptosis is inhibited.
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20
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Zheng T, Marques FZ. Gut Microbiota: Friends or Foes for Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs. Hypertension 2022; 79:1602-1604. [PMID: 35861751 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenghao Zheng
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (T.Z., F.Z.M.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (T.Z., F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (F.Z.M.)
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21
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Dinakis E, Nakai M, Gill P, Ribeiro R, Yiallourou S, Sata Y, Muir J, Carrington M, Head GA, Kaye DM, Marques FZ. Association Between the Gut Microbiome and Their Metabolites With Human Blood Pressure Variability. Hypertension 2022; 79:1690-1701. [PMID: 35674054 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) variability is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in BP regulation. However, whether the gut microbiome is associated with BP variability is yet to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiome and their metabolites in relation to BP variability. METHODS Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in 69 participants from Australia (55.1% women; mean±SD, 59.8±7.26 years; body mass index, 25.2±2.83 kg/m2). These data were used to determine nighttime dipping, morning BP surge (MBPS) and BP variability as SD. The gut microbiome was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and metabolite levels by gas chromatography. RESULTS We identified specific taxa associated with systolic BP variability, nighttime dipping, and MBPS. Notably, Alistipesfinegoldii and Lactobacillus spp. were only present in participants within the normal ranges of BP variability, MBPS and dipping, while Prevotella spp. and Clostridium spp., were found to be present in extreme dippers and the highest quartiles of BP SD and MBPS. There was a negative association between MBPS and microbial α-diversity (r=-0.244, P=0.046). MBPS was also negatively associated with plasma levels of microbial metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (r=-0.305, P=0.020), particularly acetate (r=-0.311, P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiome diversity, levels of microbial metabolites, and the bacteria Alistipesfinegoldii and Lactobacillus were associated with lower BP variability and Clostridium and Prevotella with higher BP variability. Thus, our findings suggest the gut microbiome and metabolites may be involved in the regulation of BP variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (E.D., M.N., F.Z.M), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (E.D., M.N., F.Z.M), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosilene Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia (R.R.)
| | - Stephanie Yiallourou
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (Y.S., D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Preclinical Disease and Prevention (S.Y., M.C.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Y.S., D.M.K.)
| | - Yusuke Sata
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory (Y.S., G.A.H.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda Carrington
- Preclinical Disease and Prevention (S.Y., M.C.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (G.A.H.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuropharmacology Laboratory (Y.S., G.A.H.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (Y.S., D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Y.S., D.M.K.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (E.D., M.N., F.Z.M), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Marques FZ, Thomas E, Chapman N. Supporting cardiovascular researchers takes a village but it starts with us. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3382-3384. [PMID: 35818678 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Thomas
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Niamh Chapman
- University of Tasmania Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
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23
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Gárriz A, Williamson SA, Shah AD, Evans RG, Deveson Lucas DS, Powell DR, Walton SL, Marques FZ, Reina RD. Transcriptomic analysis of pre-ovipositional embryonic arrest in a non-squamate reptile (Chelonia mydas). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4319-4331. [PMID: 35762848 PMCID: PMC9540450 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After gastrulation, oviductal hypoxia maintains turtle embryos in an arrested state prior to oviposition. Subsequent exposure to atmospheric oxygen upon oviposition initiates recommencement of embryonic development. Arrest can be artificially extended for several days after oviposition by incubation of the egg under hypoxic conditions, with development recommencing in an apparently normal fashion after subsequent exposure to normoxia. To examine the transcriptomic events associated with embryonic arrest in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), RNA‐sequencing analysis was performed on embryos from freshly laid eggs and eggs incubated in either normoxia (oxygen tension ~159 mmHg) or hypoxia (<8 mmHg) for 36 h after oviposition (n = 5 per group). The patterns of gene expression differed markedly among the three experimental groups. Normal embryonic development in normoxia was associated with upregulation of genes involved in DNA replication, the cell cycle, and mitosis, but these genes were commonly downregulated after incubation in hypoxia. Many target genes of hypoxia inducible factors, including the gene encoding insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (igfbp1), were downregulated by normoxic incubation but upregulated by incubation in hypoxia. Notably, some of the transcriptomic effects of hypoxia in green turtle embryos resembled those reported to be associated with hypoxia‐induced embryonic arrest in diverse taxa, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Hypoxia‐induced preovipositional embryonic arrest appears to be a unique adaptation of turtles. However, our findings accord with the proposition that the mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐induced embryonic arrest per se are highly conserved across diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gárriz
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sean A Williamson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Pre-clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deanna S Deveson Lucas
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Richard D Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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24
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Murray M, Coughlan MT, Gibbon A, Kumar V, Marques FZ, Selby-Pham S, Snelson M, Tsyganov K, Williamson G, Woodruff TM, Wu T, Bennett LE. Reduced Growth, Altered Gut Microbiome and Metabolite Profile, and Increased Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in Young Pigs Consuming a Diet Containing Highly Resistant Protein. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816749. [PMID: 35399679 PMCID: PMC8988180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-heat processed foods contain proteins that are partially resistant to enzymatic digestion and pass through to the colon. The fermentation of resistant proteins by gut microbes produces products that may contribute to chronic disease risk. This pilot study examined the effects of a resistant protein diet on growth, fecal microbiome, protein fermentation metabolites, and the biomarkers of health status in pigs as a model of human digestion and metabolism. Weanling pigs were fed with standard or resistant protein diets for 4 weeks. The resistant protein, approximately half as digestible as the standard protein, was designed to enter the colon for microbial fermentation. Fecal and blood samples were collected to assess the microbiome and circulating metabolites and biomarkers. The resistant protein diet group consumed less feed and grew to ~50% of the body mass of the standard diet group. The diets had unique effects on the fecal microbiome, as demonstrated by clustering in the principal coordinate analysis. There were 121 taxa that were significantly different between groups (adjusted-p < 0.05). Compared with control, plasma tri-methylamine-N-oxide, homocysteine, neopterin, and tyrosine were increased and plasma acetic acid was lowered following the resistant protein diet (all p < 0.05). Compared with control, estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.01) and liver function marker aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05) were also lower following the resistant protein diet. A resistant protein diet shifted the composition of the fecal microbiome. The microbial fermentation of resistant protein affected the levels of circulating metabolites and the biomarkers of health status toward a profile indicative of increased inflammation and the risk of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirill Tsyganov
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise E. Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Louise E. Bennett
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25
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Abstract
Besides damaging the brain, stroke causes systemic changes, including to the gastrointestinal system. A growing body of evidence supports the role of the gut and its microbiota in stroke, stroke prognosis, and recovery. The gut microbiota can increase the risk of a cerebrovascular event, playing a role in the onset of stroke. Conversely, stroke can induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and epithelial barrier integrity. This has been proposed as a contributor to systemic infections. In this review, we describe the role of the gut microbiota, microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites in experimental and clinical stroke, and their potential use as therapeutic targets. Fourteen clinical studies have identified 62 upregulated (eg, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Escherichia) and 29 downregulated microbial taxa (eg, Eubacterium, Roseburia) between stroke and healthy participants. The majority found that stroke patients have reduced gut microbiome diversity. However, other nonbacterial microorganisms are yet to be studied. In experimental stroke, severity is dependent on gut microbiome composition, whereas the latter can greatly change with antibiotics, age, and diet. Consumption of foods rich in choline and L-carnitine are positively associated with stroke onset via production of trimethylamine N-oxide in experimental and clinical stroke. Conversely, in mice, consumption of dietary fiber improves stroke outcome, likely via gut microbiota-derived metabolites called short-chain fatty acids, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The majority of the evidence, however, comes from experimental studies. Clinical interventions targeted at gut microbiota-derived metabolites as new therapeutic opportunities for stroke prevention and treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Peh
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A.P., J.A.O., F.Z.M.).,Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A.P., B.R.S.B.)
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A.P., J.A.O., F.Z.M.)
| | - Brad R S Broughton
- Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A.P., B.R.S.B.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A.P., J.A.O., F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (F.Z.M.)
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26
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Kaye DM, Nanayakkara S, Wang B, Shihata W, Marques FZ, Esler M, Lambert G, Mariani J. Characterization of Cardiac Sympathetic Nervous System and Inflammatory Activation in HFpEF Patients. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:116-127. [PMID: 35257038 PMCID: PMC8897162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although there is evidence for activation of the sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood samples, their relationship to myocardial activity is unknown. Using arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling, we have shown the presence of cardiac and systemic sympathetic activation in HFpEF patients. However although systemic inflammatory activation was readily apparent, there was detectable myocardial release of inflammatory cytokines. Key hemodynamic and demographic factors that typically cluster together in HFpEF appeared to drive cardiac sympathetic activation. The data suggest that there may be a role for antiadrenergic therapies in selected HFpEF patients.
We have shown that systemic and cardiac sympathetic activation is present in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. Conversely, whereas systemic inflammatory activation was also detected in HFpEF, we did not detect local myocardial release of inflammatory cytokines. Activation of the sympathetic system correlated with both hemodynamic and demographic factors that characteristically cluster together in HFpEF. Together these data suggest that there may be a role for antiadrenergic therapies in certain HFpEF patients. The study does not implicate locally derived cytokines in the myocardial biology of HFpEF, although systemic sources may contribute to the global pathophysiology of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Waled Shihata
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murray Esler
- Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin Mariani
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the interplay behind how a high-fibre diet leads to lower blood pressure (BP) via the gut microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Compelling evidence from meta-analyses support dietary fibre prevents the development of cardiovascular disease and reduces BP. This relation is due to gut microbial metabolites, called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fibre fermentation. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate lower BP in independent hypertensive models. Mechanisms are diverse but still not fully understood-for example, they include G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetics, immune cells, the renin-angiotensin system and vasculature changes. Lack of dietary fibre leads to changes to the gut microbiota that drive an increase in BP. The mechanisms involved are unknown. The intricate interplay between fibre, the gut microbiota and SCFAs may represent novel therapeutic approaches for high BP. Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites, produced when fibre intake is low, may hold potential therapeutic applications. Further translational evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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28
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Zheng T, Camargo-Tavares L, Bonfiglio F, Marques FZ, Naim HY, D'Amato M. Rare Hypomorphic Sucrase Isomaltase Variants in Relation to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Risk in UK Biobank. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1712-1714. [PMID: 34186061 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francine Z Marques
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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29
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Paterson MR, Jackson KL, Dona MSI, Farrugia GE, Visniauskas B, Watson AMD, Johnson C, Prieto MC, Evans RG, Charchar F, Pinto AR, Marques FZ, Head GA. Deficiency of MicroRNA-181a Results in Transcriptome-Wide Cell-Specific Changes in the Kidney and Increases Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021; 78:1322-1334. [PMID: 34538100 PMCID: PMC8573069 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R. Paterson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy L. Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, Australia
| | - Malathi S. I. Dona
- Cardiac Cellular Systems Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriella E. Farrugia
- Cardiac Cellular Systems Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, the USA
| | - Anna M. D. Watson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chad Johnson
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, the USA
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fadi Charchar
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander R. Pinto
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A. Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Carnagarin R, Yang J, Critchley S, Picone D, Tan I, Marques FZ, Cowley D, Fernando M, Beaney T, Trengrove N, Omelczuk S, Poulter NR, Brockman D, Schlaich MP. May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Australia. Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:B18-B20. [PMID: 34629990 PMCID: PMC8494053 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global blood pressure (BP) screening
campaign aimed at obtaining standardized BP measurements and other relevant
health information from members of the community to increase awareness of
elevated BP and the associated risks. Adults (≥18 years) were
recruited through opportunistic sampling across the various Australian states
during May 2019. Three BP readings were recorded in a standardized manner for
each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were
collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg,
or a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg (according to the MMM protocol) or
taking antihypertensive medication. Multiple imputation was used to estimate
participants’ mean BP where three readings were not available. Of the
2877 participants, 901 (31.3%) had hypertension of whom 455
(50.5%) were aware of their condition, and 366 (40.6%) were on
antihypertensive medication. Of those taking antihypertensive medication,
54.3% were controlled to <140/90 mmHg with the remaining
45.7% of participants inadequately treated. Approximately 74% of
treated patients were on a single antihypertensive medication. The MMM campaign
provides an important platform for standardized compilation of BP data and
creation of BP awareness in Australia and other nations worldwide. Data from the
2019 MMM campaign highlight that BP control rates in Australia remain
unacceptably low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital/University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Sue Critchley
- School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Research and Education, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Dean Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Diane Cowley
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mario Fernando
- Flora Hill Medical Centre, Flora Hill, VIC 3550, Australia
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Naomi Trengrove
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Salima Omelczuk
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Derrin Brockman
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital/University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital/University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia
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31
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Jama H, Dona MI, Dinakis E, Nakai ME, Paterson M, Shihata W, Weeks KL, Farrugia GE, Salimova E, Kaipananickal H, Okabe J, Mackay C, El-Osta A, Pinto A, Kaye DM, Marques FZ. Abstract MP37: Epigenetic Changes Following Maternal Gut Microbiota Improvement With Dietary Fibre Lead To Cardio-protection In The Offspring. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.mp37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota and protects against the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the production of gut microbial metabolites. We hypothesised dietary fibre intake during pregnancy may prevent the development of CVD in the offspring via in utero epigenetic mechanisms. To investigate this, we fed C57BL/6J female mice diets high or low in resistant starches (‘high-fibre’ and ‘low-fibre’, respectively) during gestation. At 6-weeks of age, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing in the offspring (n=8/group) or they were challenged with saline (sham) or angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.25mg/kg/day, n=18-23/group). Maternal diet resulted in a distinct gut microbial composition (
P
=0.001). This was still evident in the adult offspring, with high-fibre offspring having a different gut microbial colonisation (
P
=0.001), irrespective of sham/Ang II treatment. Maternal fibre intake significantly changed the cardiac cellular and molecular landscape and promoted differential gene signatures in the offspring. This included upregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix production in the offspring from low-fibre mothers. When challenged with Ang II, low-fibre offspring developed increased cardiac hypertrophy (
P
=0.034) and fibrosis (
P
=0.01) compared to high-fibre offspring. This was accompanied with decreased ejection fraction (
P
=0.001) and increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness (
P=
0.017). These changes were independent of blood pressure. High-fibre offspring had decreased expression of natriuretic peptides (
Nppa
,
P
=0.03,
Nppb
,
P
=0.002) compared to low-fibre offspring. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay revealed decrease in H3-acetylation at the cis-regulatory region of
Nppa
gene in Ang II-treated high-fibre offspring (P=0.002), suggesting that maternal fibre intake influences the epigenetic changes of the
Nppa
gene in the offspring’s heart. Together, these data reveal maternal high-fibre intake leads to foetal epigenetic reprogramming, likely through maternal to foetal transfer of gut microbial-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malathi I Dona
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Waled Shihata
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Pinto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
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32
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Xie L, R Muralitharan R, Dinakis E, Nakai ME, Jama H, Peh ACG, Ang C, Paterson M, Salimova E, Robert R, Mackay C, Marques FZ. Abstract 14: An Anti-inflammatory Proton Sensing-receptor Contributes To Cardiovascular Protection Of Gut Microbiota-derived Metabolites. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High fibre (HF) diet protects against hypertension via the production of acidic metabolites, e.g. short-chain fatty acids, by the gut microbiota. While these metabolites have a direct role in blood pressure (BP) regulation, their acidic nature may activate proton-sensing receptors, which have anti-inflammatory functions. G-protein coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) is a proton-sensing receptor activated around pH 6.5 and is critical for gut homeostasis. We hypothesized that GPR65 is involved in the cardiovascular protection by dietary fibre. We first measured cecal pH of C57BL/6 (WT) mice after a 7-day dietary intervention with either HF or low fibre (LF) diets (n=6/group). HF diet lowered cecal pH to a level where GPR65 is highly activated, compared to the LF diet (6.5±0.1 vs 7.6±0.1, P<0.001). The impact of pH and GPR65 on T cell production of IFNγ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine,
in vitro
was measured by flow cytometry. Acidic pH inhibited the production of IFNγ by CD8+ T cells (pH 6.5 vs pH 7.5, P<0.001). Cells lacking GPR65 had higher IFNγ at both pH (P<0.001). To determine if GPR65 is involved in BP regulation by dietary fibre, WT and GPR65 knockout (
Gpr65
-/-
) mice were implanted with minipumps containing angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.5mg/kg/day, 28 days, n=8-9/group) and fed with HF diet. BP, cardiorenal function and immune cell infiltration were measured.
Gpr65
-/-
mice had higher BP compared to WT mice after 2 weeks (mean arterial pressure ± SEM; WT 79.8±2.4 vs
Gpr65
-/-
95.8±1.6mmHg, P<0.001) and 4 weeks of Ang II infusion (WT 92.3±2.4 vs
Gpr65
-/-
99.5±1.3, P=0.062).
Gpr65
-/-
mice developed cardiac (P=0.035) and renal (P=0.025) hypertrophy, and impaired renal natriuretic (P=0.054) and diuretic (P=0.056) function compared to WT mice. This was accompanied by higher macrophage (P=0.009) and γδ T cell (P=0.014) infiltration in the kidneys. In conclusion, our data suggest that pH-sensing by GPR65 contributes to the protection against hypertension by dietary fibre via inflammatory mechanisms. This is a novel mechanism that contributes to BP regulation via the gut microbiota.
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33
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Dinakis E, Nakai M, Gill PA, Yiallourou S, Sata Y, Muir J, Carrington M, Head GA, Kaye DM, Marques FZ. The Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Human Arterial Stiffness. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1716-1725. [PMID: 34452845 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have vasodilator properties in animal and human ex vivo arteries. However, the role of the gut microbiota and SCFAs in arterial stiffness in humans is still unclear. Here we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiome, SCFA and their G-protein coupled sensing receptors (GPCRs) in relation to human arterial stiffness. METHODS Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) was determined from ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring in 69 participants from regional and metropolitan regions in Australia (55.1% women; mean, 59.8± SD, 7.26 years of age). The gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, SCFA levels by gas chromatography, and GPCR expression in circulating immune cells by real-time PCR. RESULTS There was no association between metrics of bacterial α and β diversity and AASI or AASI quartiles in men and women. We identified two main bacteria taxa that were associated with AASI quartiles: Lactobacillus spp. was only present in the lowest quartile, while Clostridium spp. was present in all quartiles but the lowest. AASI was positively associated with higher levels of plasma, but not faecal, butyrate. Finally, we identified that the expression of GPR43 (FFAR2) and GPR41 (FFAR3) in circulating immune cells were negatively associated with AASI. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that arterial stiffness is associated with lower levels of the metabolite-sensing receptors GPR41/GPR43 in humans, blunting its response to BP-lowering metabolites such as butyrate. The role of Lactobacillus spp. and Clostridium spp., as well as butyrate-sensing receptors GPR41/GPR43, in human arterial stiffness needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul A Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Stephanie Yiallourou
- Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yusuke Sata
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Melinda Carrington
- Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
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34
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Eikelis N, Dixon JB, Lambert EA, Hanin G, Tzur Y, Greenberg DS, Soreq H, Marques FZ, Fahey MT, Head GA, Schlaich MP, Lambert GW. MicroRNA-132 may be associated with blood pressure and liver steatosis-preliminary observations in obese individuals. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 36:911-916. [PMID: 34453104 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings in experimental models have shown that the microRNA miR-132 (mir-132) is an important regulator of liver homeostasis and lipid metabolism. We aimed to assess miR-132 expression in liver and fat tissues of obese individuals and examine its association with blood pressure (BP) and hepatic steatosis. We examined obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery for weight loss (n = 19). Clinical and demographic information was obtained. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine tissue expression of miR-132 in liver and subcutaneous and visceral fat biopsies obtained during bariatric surgery. Liver biopsies were read by a single liver pathologist and graded for steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Participants (aged 39 ± 8.1 years) had a body mass index (BMI) of 42 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and presented with 2.2 ± 1.2 metabolic abnormalities. Supine BP was 127 ± 16/74 ± 11 mmHg. Hepatic and visceral fat expression of miR-132 were correlated (r = 0.59, P = 0.033). There was no correlation between subcutaneous and visceral expression of miR-132 (r = -0.31, P = 0.20). Hepatic and visceral fat miR-132 expression were associated with BMI (r = 0.62 and r = 0.68, P = 0.049 respectively) and degree of liver steatosis (r = 0.60 and r = 0.55, P < 0.05, respectively). Subcutaneous fat miRNA-132 expression was correlated to office systolic BP (r = 0.46, P < 0.05), several aspects of 24 h BP (24 h systolic BP: r = 0.52; day systolic BP: r = 0.59, P < 0.05 for all), plasma triglycerides (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) and liver enzymes (ALT: r = -0.52; AST: r = -0.48, P < 0.05 for all). We found an association between miR-132 and markers of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Reduction of miR-132 may be a target for the regulation of liver lipid homeostasis and control of obesity-related blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John B Dixon
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geula Hanin
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonat Tzur
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S Greenberg
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Fahey
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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35
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Jama HA, Muralitharan RR, Xu C, O'Donnell JA, Bertagnolli M, Broughton BRS, Head GA, Marques FZ. Rodent models of hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:918-937. [PMID: 34363610 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As a multifactorial and systemic disease that involves multiple organs and systems, hypertension remains a challenging disease to study. Models of hypertension are invaluable to support the discovery of the specific genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying essential hypertension, as well as to test new possible treatments to lower BP. Rodent models have proven to be an invaluable tool for advancing the field. In this review, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of rodent models of hypertension through a systems approach. We highlight the ways how target organs and systems including the kidneys, vasculature, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), immune system and the gut microbiota influence BP in each rodent model. We also discuss often overlooked hypertensive conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and hypertensive-pregnancy disorders, providing an important resource for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Laboratory of Maternal-child Health, Hospital Sacre-Coeur Research Center, CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bradley R S Broughton
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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36
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Nakai M, Ribeiro RV, Stevens BR, Gill P, Muralitharan RR, Yiallourou S, Muir J, Carrington M, Head GA, Kaye DM, Marques FZ. Essential Hypertension Is Associated With Changes in Gut Microbial Metabolic Pathways: A Multisite Analysis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021; 78:804-815. [PMID: 34333988 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (M.N., R.R.M., F.Z.M.)
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.).,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.)
| | - Bruce R Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville (B.R.S.)
| | - Paul Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (M.N., R.R.M., F.Z.M.).,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (R.R.M.)
| | - Stephanie Yiallourou
- Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.Y., M.C.)
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda Carrington
- Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.Y., M.C.)
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (G.A.H.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.A.H.)
| | - David M Kaye
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K., F.Z.M.).,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (M.N., R.R.M., F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K., F.Z.M.)
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37
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Rhys-Jones D, Climie RE, Gill PA, Jama HA, Head GA, Gibson PR, Kaye DM, Muir JG, Marques FZ. Microbial Interventions to Control and Reduce Blood Pressure in Australia (MICRoBIA): rationale and design of a double-blinded randomised cross-over placebo controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:496. [PMID: 34315522 PMCID: PMC8313879 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide that remains poorly controlled. Recent studies support the concept that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of hypertension and that dietary fibre intake may act through the gut microbiota to lower blood pressure (BP). Resistant starch is a type of prebiotic fibre which is metabolised by commensal bacteria in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Previous work in pre-clinical models provides strong evidence that both prebiotic fibre as well as SCFAs (i.e. postbiotics) can prevent the development of hypertension. The aim of this clinical trial is to determine if acetylated and butyrylated modified resistant starch can decrease BP of hypertensive individuals via the modulation of the gut microbiota and release of high levels of SCFAs. Methods This is a phase IIa double-blinded, randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial. Participants are randomly allocated to receive either a diet containing 40 g/day of the modified resistant starch or placebo (corn starch or regular flour) for 3 weeks on each diet, with a 3-week washout period between the two diets. BP is measured in the office, at home, and using a 24-h ambulatory device. Arterial stiffness is measured using carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity. Our primary endpoint is a reduction in ambulatory daytime systolic BP. Secondary endpoints include changes to circulating cytokines, immune markers, and modulation to the gut microbiome. Discussion The findings of this study will provide the first evidence for the use of a combination of pre- and postbiotics to lower BP in humans. The results are expected at the end of 2021. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12619000916145. Registered on 1 July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Rhys-Jones
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel E Climie
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmanian, Hobart, Australia
| | - Paul A Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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38
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Vijay A, Astbury S, Panayiotis L, Marques FZ, Spector TD, Menni C, Valdes AM. Dietary Interventions Reduce Traditional and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Markers by Altering the Gut Microbiome and Their Metabolites. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:691564. [PMID: 34336953 PMCID: PMC8319029 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.691564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The current study investigates the role of diet in mediating the gut microbiome-cardiovascular association which has not yet been explored in humans. Methods and Results: Using a two-arm dietary intervention study in healthy participants (N = 70), we assessed the effects of omega-3 and fibre supplementation on gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We then investigated how changes in gut microbiome composition correlated with changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure), cytokines, and novel validated markers such as GlycA and ceramides, previously linked to CVD incidence and mortality. Both interventions resulted in significant drops in blood pressure, cholesterol, proinflammatory cytokines, GlycA and ceramides (all P < 0.05). Decreases in the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein triglyceride fraction, in total serum cholesterol were correlated with increases in butyric acid-production [β(SE) = −0.58 (0.06), P < 0.001; −0.53 (0.04), P < 0.001] and nominally associated with increases in some butyrogenic bacteria. Drops in GlycA were linked to increases in Bifidobacterium [β(SE) = −0.32 (0.04), P = 0.02] and other SCFAs including acetic acid [β(SE) = −0.28 (0.04), P = 0.02] and propionic acid [β(SE) = −0.3 (0.04), P = 0.02]. Additionally, we report for the first-time reductions in specific ceramide ratios that have been shown to predict CVD mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events such as d18:1/16:0, d18:0/24:0, and d18:1/24:1 which were associated with the reduction in the abundance in Colinsella and increases in Bifidobacteriuim and Coprococcus 3 and SCFAs (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, these findings support the potential of using simple dietary interventions to alter validated biomarkers linked to cardiovascular risk via the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Astbury
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louca Panayiotis
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Beale AL, O'Donnell JA, Nakai ME, Nanayakkara S, Vizi D, Carter K, Dean E, Ribeiro RV, Yiallourou S, Carrington MJ, Marques FZ, Kaye DM. The Gut Microbiome of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020654. [PMID: 34212778 PMCID: PMC8403331 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) include hypertension, age, sex, and obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota independently contributes to each one of these risk factors, potentially mediated via gut microbial‐derived metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids. In this study, we determined whether the gut microbiota were associated with HFpEF and its risk factors. Methods and Results We recruited 26 patients with HFpEF and 67 control participants from 2 independent communities. Patients with HFpEF were diagnosed by exercise right heart catheterization. We assessed the gut microbiome by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and food intake by the food frequency questionnaire. There was a significant difference in α‐diversity (eg, number of microbes) and β‐diversity (eg, type and abundance of microbes) between both cohorts of controls and patients with HFpEF (P=0.001). We did not find an association between β‐diversity and specific demographic or hemodynamic parameters or risk factors for HFpEF. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a commonly used marker of gut dysbiosis, was lower, but not significantly so (P=0.093), in the patients with HFpEF. Compared with controls, the gut microbiome of patients with HFpEF was depleted of bacteria that are short‐chain fatty acid producers. Consistent with this, participants with HFpEF consumed less dietary fiber (17.6±7.7 versus 23.2±8.8 g/day; P=0.016). Conclusions We demonstrate key changes in the gut microbiota in patients with HFpEF, including the depletion of bacteria that generate metabolites known to be important for cardiovascular homeostasis. Further studies are required to validate the role of these gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Beale
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Michael E Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Donna Vizi
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Kaye Carter
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Eliza Dean
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
| | - Stephanie Yiallourou
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Melinda J Carrington
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
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40
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Xie L, McKenzie CI, Qu X, Mu Y, Wang Q, Bing N, Naidoo K, Alam MJ, Yu D, Gong F, Ang C, Robert R, Marques FZ, Furlotte N, Hinds D, Gasser O, Xavier RJ, Mackay CR. pH and Proton Sensor GPR65 Determine Susceptibility to Atopic Dermatitis. J Immunol 2021; 207:101-109. [PMID: 34135065 PMCID: PMC8674371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
pH sensing by GPR65 regulates various inflammatory conditions, but its role in skin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a phenome-wide association study and report that the T allele of GPR65-intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8005161, which reduces GPR65 signaling, showed a significant association with atopic dermatitis, in addition to inflammatory bowel diseases and asthma, as previously reported. Consistent with this genetic association in humans, we show that deficiency of GPR65 in mice resulted in markedly exacerbated disease in the MC903 experimental model of atopic dermatitis. Deficiency of GPR65 also increased neutrophil migration in vitro. Moreover, GPR65 deficiency in mice resulted in higher expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by T cells. In humans, CD4+ T cells from rs8005161 heterozygous individuals expressed higher levels of TNF-α after PMA/ionomycin stimulation, particularly under pH 6 conditions. pH sensing by GPR65 appears to be important for regulating the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyan Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Karmella Naidoo
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caroline Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute, MA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
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41
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Lim K, Burke SL, Marques FZ, Jackson KL, Gueguen C, Sata Y, Armitage JA, Head GA. Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Mediates Hypertension in Offspring From Female Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet During Gestation and Lactation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693157. [PMID: 34248679 PMCID: PMC8264761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet in rabbits leads to hypertension and elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in adult offspring but whether this is due to adiposity or maternal programming is unclear. We gave intracerebroventricular (ICV) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) administration of leptin-receptor antagonist, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), melanocortin-receptor antagonist (SHU9119), or insulin-receptor (InsR) antagonist to conscious adult offspring from mothers fed a high-fat diet (mHFD), control diet (mCD), or mCD offspring fed HFD for 10d (mCD10d, to deposit equivalent fat but not during development). mHFD and mCD10d rabbits had higher mean arterial pressure (MAP, +6.4 mmHg, +12.1 mmHg, p < 0.001) and RSNA (+2.3 nu, +3.2 nu, p < 0.01) than mCD, but all had similar plasma leptin. VMH leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP (−8.0 ± 3.0 mmHg, p < 0.001) in mCD10d but not in mHFD or mCD group. Intracerebroventricular leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP only in mHFD rabbits (p < 0.05). Intracerebroventricular SHU9119 reduced MAP and RSNA in mHFD but only reduced MAP in the mCD10d group. VMH αMSH increased RSNA (+85%, p < 0.001) in mHFD rabbits but ICV αMSH increased RSNA in both mHFD and mCD10d rabbits (+45%, +51%, respectively, p < 0.001). The InsR antagonist had no effect by either route on MAP or RSNA. Hypothalamic leptin receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were greater in mHFD compared with mCD rabbits and mCD10d rabbits. In conclusion, the higher MAP in mHFD and mCD10d offspring was likely due to greater central leptin signaling at distinct sites within the hypothalamus while enhanced melanocortin contribution was common to both groups suggesting that residual body fat was mainly responsible. However, the effects of SHU9119 and αMSH on RSNA pathways only in mHFD suggest a maternal HFD may program sympatho-excitatory capacity in these offspring and that this may involve increased leptin receptor and BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoon Lim
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yusuke Sata
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Armitage
- School of Medicine (Optometry), and IMPACT Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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42
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Snelson M, R Muralitharan R, Dinakis E, Nakai M, Jama HA, Shihata WA, Johnson C, Kaye DM, Mackay CR, Burrell LM, Coughlan MT, Marques FZ. Renal ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) Expression Is Modulated by Dietary Fiber Intake, Gut Microbiota, and Their Metabolites. Hypertension 2021; 77:e53-e55. [PMID: 33866801 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (M.S., M.T.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., E.D., M.N., H.A.J., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (R.R.M.)
| | - Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., E.D., M.N., H.A.J., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., E.D., M.N., H.A.J., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., E.D., M.N., H.A.J., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.A.S., F.Z.M., D.M.K.)
| | - Chad Johnson
- Monash Micro Imaging (C.J., D.M.K., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Monash Micro Imaging (C.J., D.M.K., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.A.S., F.Z.M., D.M.K.).,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K.)
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (C.R.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (C.R.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Australia (L.M.B.)
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (M.S., M.T.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., E.D., M.N., H.A.J., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Micro Imaging (C.J., D.M.K., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.A.S., F.Z.M., D.M.K.)
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43
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Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael E Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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44
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Jama HA, Fiedler A, Tsyganov K, Nelson E, Horlock D, Nakai ME, Kiriazis H, Johnson C, Du XJ, Mackay CR, Marques FZ, Kaye DM. Manipulation of the gut microbiota by the use of prebiotic fibre does not override a genetic predisposition to heart failure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17919. [PMID: 33087738 PMCID: PMC7578080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and its progression to heart failure (HF). Dietary fibre has emerged as a modulator of the gut microbiota, resulting in the release of gut metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate. We have shown previously that fibre or acetate can protect against hypertension and heart disease in certain models. HF is also commonly caused by genetic disorders. In this study we investigated whether the intake of fibre or direct supplementation with acetate could attenuate the development of HF in a genetic model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to overexpression of the cardiac specific mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (Mst1). Seven-week-old male mice DCM mice and littermate controls (wild-type, C57BL/6) were fed a control diet (with or without supplementation with 200 mM magnesium acetate in drinking water), or a high fibre diet for 7 weeks. We obtained hemodynamic, morphological, flow cytometric and gene expression data. The gut microbiome was characterised by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Fibre intake was associated with a significant shift in the gut microbiome irrespective of mouse genotype. However, neither fibre or supplementation with acetate were able to attenuate cardiac remodelling or cardiomyocyte apoptosis in Mst1 mice. Furthermore, fibre and acetate did not improve echocardiographic or hemodynamic parameters in DCM mice. These data suggest that although fibre modulates the gut microbiome, neither fibre nor acetate can override a strong genetic contribution to the development of heart failure in the Mst1 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - April Fiedler
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia
| | - Kirill Tsyganov
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Nelson
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia
| | - Michael E Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chad Johnson
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, St Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 8008, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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45
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Muralitharan RR, Jama HA, Xie L, Peh A, Snelson M, Marques FZ. Microbial Peer Pressure: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Hypertension and Its Complications. Hypertension 2020; 76:1674-1687. [PMID: 33012206 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the influence of the gut microbiota on hypertension and its complications, such as chronic kidney disease, stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. This is not surprising considering that the most common risk factors for hypertension, such as age, sex, medication, and diet, can also impact the gut microbiota. For example, sodium and fermentable fiber have been studied in relation to both hypertension and the gut microbiota. By combining second- and, now, third-generation sequencing with metabolomics approaches, metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, and their producers, have been identified and are now known to affect host physiology and the cardiovascular system. The receptors that bind these metabolites have also been explored with positive findings-examples include known short-chain fatty acid receptors, such as G-protein coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and OLF78 in mice. GPR41 and OLF78 have been shown to have inverse roles in blood pressure regulation, whereas GPR43 and GPR109A have to date been demonstrated to impact cardiac function. New treatment options in the form of prebiotics (eg, dietary fiber), probiotics (eg, Lactobacillus spp.), and postbiotics (eg, the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have all been demonstrated to be beneficial in lowering blood pressure in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and translation to hypertensive patients is still lacking. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in hypertension, its risk factors, and cardiorenal complications and identify future directions for this exciting and fast-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (R.R.M.)
| | - Hamdi A Jama
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (L.X.)
| | - Alex Peh
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School (M.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
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46
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Xu C, Nakai M, Muralitharan R, Dinakis E, Jama H, Tsyganov K, Gabriela K, Carrington M, Yiallourou S, Head G, Creek D, Barlow C, Kaye DM, Marques FZ. Abstract MP28: A New Gut Microbial Metabolite Derived From Low Fibre Intake. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.mp28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low fermentable fibre intake has emerged as an important risk factor for hypertension through changes in the gut microbiota, but the biological pathways and specific metabolites involved are unknown. We performed untargeted liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling on plasma samples from 16 mice fed low or high fibre diets and 70 participants with ambulatory blood pressure recordings. Mouse gut microbiome was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
. In vitro
experiments were performed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to assess the role of a new metabolite in inflammatory responses. The phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in hypertensive compared to normotensive participants, as well as in low compared to high fibre fed mice (both
q
<0.05, pathway impact factor=1.0). In particular, p-cresol glucuronide (pCG), an end-product of tyrosine metabolism, was higher in mice fed with low compared to high fibre in both angiotensin II-treated (
q
=4.83 x10
-4
, fold change= 88) and sham groups (
q
=1.56 x10
-4
, fold change= 297). pCG is derived from p-Cresol, which is produced by the gut microbiota. β-diversity analyses showed that distinct gut microbiome compositions were associated with levels of pCG in plasma (q<0.05). While diet had a major effect on the gut microbiome (~30%), we found that pCG levels were associated with 5.7-6.3% of the total gut microbiome variation. This is relevant as pCG’s precursor, p-cresol, may inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria. To understand the possible role of pCG in hypertension, human PBMCs obtained commercially were treated with physiological levels of pCG for 24 hours. This resulted in an increase in proinflammatory
IL-17A
mRNA (
P
=0.01, fold change= 1.79) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory
IL-10
mRNA (
P
=0.014, fold change= -2.32) when compared to untreated and mock-treated cells. In conclusion, tyrosine biotransformation was associated with both human hypertension and low fibre intake. pCG, a key microbial metabolite derived from the metabolism of tyrosine, was associated with distinct gut microbiome compositions and modulated inflammatory response, suggesting it may be involved in the genesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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47
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Climie RE, Wu JHY, Calkin AC, Chapman N, Inglis SC, Mirabito Colafella KM, Picone DS, Tan JTM, Thomas E, Viola HM, Wise SG, Murphy AJ, Nelson MR, Nicholls SJ, Hool LC, Doyle K, Figtree GA, Marques FZ. Lack of Strategic Funding and Long-Term Job Security Threaten to Have Profound Effects on Cardiovascular Researcher Retention in Australia. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29:1588-1595. [PMID: 32839116 PMCID: PMC7442027 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Australia. Investment in research solutions has been demonstrated to yield health and a 9.8-fold return economic benefit. The sector, however, is severely challenged with success rates of traditional peer-reviewed funding in decline. Here, we aimed to understand the perceived challenges faced by the cardiovascular workforce in Australia prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used an online survey distributed across Australian cardiovascular societies/councils, universities and research institutes over a period of 6 months during 2019, with 548 completed responses. Inclusion criteria included being an Australian resident or an Australian citizen who lived overseas, and a current or past student or employee in the field of cardiovascular research. Results The mean age of respondents was 42±13 years, 47% were male, 85% had a full-time position, and 40% were a group leader or laboratory head. Twenty-three per cent (23%) had permanent employment, and 82% of full-time workers regularly worked >40 hours/week. Sixty-eight per cent (68%) said they had previously considered leaving the cardiovascular research sector. If their position could not be funded in the next few years, a staggering 91% of respondents would leave the sector. Compared to PhD- and age-matched men, women were less likely to be a laboratory head and to feel they had a long-term career path as a cardiovascular researcher, while more women were unsure about future employment and had considered leaving the sector (all p<0.05). Greater job security (76%) and government and philanthropic investment in cardiovascular research (72%) were highlighted by responders as the main changes to current practices that would encourage them to stay. Conclusion Strategic solutions, such as diversification of career pathways and funding sources, and moving from a competitive to a collaborative culture, need to be a priority to decrease reliance on government funding and allow cardiovascular researchers to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Climie
- Sports Cardiology and Diabetes and Population Health Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Lipid Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Disease, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Niamh Chapman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Sally C Inglis
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dean S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Thomas
- Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry Doyle
- Australian Cardiovascular Alliance, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
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R Muralitharan R, Marques FZ. Diet-related gut microbial metabolites and sensing in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 35:162-169. [PMID: 32733062 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technology have increased our understanding of the composition of the gut microbiota and their contribution to health and disease states, including in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The gut microbiota is heavily influenced by diet and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from various food sources. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, have been shown to have blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis lowering properties, while TMAO has been associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular adverse events and mortality. Some of these metabolites have known ligands (for example, SCFA receptors such as GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and Olf78 in mice/OR51E2 in humans) which could potentially be manipulated as therapeutic targets for hypertension. In this review, we discuss several types of diet-related gut microbial metabolites and their sensing mechanisms that are relevant for hypertension, and the future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Jackson KL, Gueguen C, Lim K, Eikelis N, Stevenson ER, Charchar FJ, Lambert GW, Burke SL, Paterson MR, Marques FZ, Head GA. Neural suppression of miRNA-181a in the kidney elevates renin expression and exacerbates hypertension in Schlager mice. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1152-1164. [PMID: 32427944 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BPH/2J mice are a genetic model of hypertension with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). BPH/2J display higher renal renin mRNA and low levels of its negative regulator microRNA-181a (miR-181a). We hypothesise that high renal SNS activity may reduce miR-181a expression, which contributes to elevated RAS activity and hypertension in BPH/2J. Our aim was to determine whether in vivo administration of a renal-specific miR-181a mimic or whether renal denervation could increase renal miR-181a abundance to reduce renal renin mRNA, RAS activity and hypertension in BPH/2J mice. Blood pressure (BP) in BPH/2J and normotensive BPN/3J mice was measured via radiotelemetry probes. Mice were administered miR-181a mimic or a negative control (1-25 nmol, i.v., n = 6-10) with BP measured for 48 h after each dose or they underwent renal denervation or sham surgery (n = 7-9). Injection of 5-25 nmol miR-181a mimic reduced BP in BPH/2J mice after 36-48 h (-5.3 ± 1.8, -6.1 ± 1.9 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.016). Treatment resulted in lower renal renin and inflammatory marker (TLR4) mRNA levels in BPH/2J. The mimic abolished the hypotensive effect of blocking the RAS with enalaprilat (P < 0.01). No differences between mimic or vehicle were observed in BPN/3J mice except for a higher level of renal angiotensinogen in the mimic-treated mice. Renal miR-181a levels that were lower in sham BPH/2J mice were greater following renal denervation and were thus similar to those of BPN/3J. Our findings suggest that the reduced renal miR-181a may partially contribute to the elevated BP in BPH/2J mice, through an interaction between the renal sympathetic nerves and miR-181a regulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily R Stevenson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine R Paterson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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