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Volle R, Luo L, Razafindratsimandresy R, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Gouandjika-Valisache I, Horwood P, Duong V, Buchy P, Joffret ML, Huang Z, Duizer E, Martin J, Chakrabarti LA, Dussart P, Jouvenet N, Delpeyroux F, Bessaud M. Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37909282 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major public health problem, causing a range of illnesses from hand-foot-and-mouth disease to severe neurological manifestations. EV-A71 strains have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups (A to H), based on their capsid-coding genomic region. Genogroups B and C have caused large outbreaks worldwide and represent the two canonical circulating EV-A71 subtypes. Little is known about the antigenic diversity of new genogroups as compared to the canonical ones. Here, we compared the antigenic features of EV-A71 strains that belong to the canonical B and C genogroups and to genogroups E and F, which circulate in Africa. Analysis of the peptide sequences of EV-A71 strains belonging to different genogroups revealed a high level of conservation of the capsid residues involved in known linear and conformational neutralization antigenic sites. Using a published crystal structure of the EV-A71 capsid as a model, we found that most of the residues that are seemingly specific to some genogroups were mapped outside known antigenic sites or external loops. These observations suggest a cross-neutralization activity of anti-genogroup B or C antibodies against strains of genogroups E and F. Neutralization assays were performed with diverse rabbit and mouse anti-EV-A71 sera, anti-EV-A71 human standards and a monoclonal neutralizing antibody. All the batches of antibodies that were tested successfully neutralized all available isolates, indicating an overall broad cross-neutralization between the canonical genogroups B and C and genogroups E and F. A panel constituted of more than 80 individual human serum samples from Cambodia with neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 subgenogroup C4 showed quite similar cross-neutralization activities between isolates of genogroups C4, E and F. Our results thus indicate that the genetic drift underlying the separation of EV-A71 strains into genogroups A, B, C, E and F does not correlate with the emergence of antigenically distinct variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Volle
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Present address: Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lingjie Luo
- Present address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
- Institut Pasteur, Control of Chronic Viral Infections (CIVIC) Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba
- Present address: Maryland Department of Agriculture, Salisbury Animal Health Laboratory, Salisbury, USA
- Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Paul Horwood
- Present address: James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Zhong Huang
- Present address: Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Erwin Duizer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Javier Martin
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK
| | - Lisa A Chakrabarti
- Institut Pasteur, Control of Chronic Viral Infections (CIVIC) Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
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Razafindratsimandresy R, Joffret ML, Raharinantoanina J, Polston P, Andriamamonjy NS, Razanajatovo IM, Diop OM, Delpeyroux F, Héraud JM, Bessaud M. Strengthened surveillance revealed a rapid disappearance of the poliovirus serotype 2 vaccine strain in Madagascar after its removal from the oral polio vaccine. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5877-5884. [PMID: 35977919 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess circulation of the Sabin 2 poliovirus vaccine strain in Madagascar after its withdrawal from the oral polio vaccine in April 2016, a reinforced poliovirus surveillance was implemented in three regions of Madagascar from January 2016 to December 2017. Environmental samples and stool specimens from healthy children were screened using the Global Polio Laboratory Network algorithm to detect the presence of polioviruses. Detected polioviruses were molecularly typed and their genomes fully sequenced. Polioviruses were detected during all but 4 months of the study period. All isolates were related to the vaccine strains and no wild poliovirus was detected. The majority of isolates belong to the serotype 3. The last detection of Sabin 2 occurred in July 2016, 3 months after its withdrawal. No vaccine-derived poliovirus of any serotype was observed during the study. Only few poliovirus isolates contained sequences from non-polio origin. The genetic characterization of all the poliovirus isolates did not identify isolates that were highly divergent compared to the vaccine strains. This observation is in favor of a good vaccine coverage that efficiently prevented long-lasting transmission chains between unvaccinated persons. This study underlines that high commitment in the fight against polioviruses can succeed in stopping their circulation even in countries where poor sanitation remains a hurdle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ousmane M Diop
- Polio Eradication, Director General's Office, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Razafindratsimandresy R, Joffret ML, Andriamandimby SF, Andriamamonjy S, Rabemanantsoa S, Richard V, Delpeyroux F, Heraud JM, Bessaud M. Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:821. [PMID: 36348312 PMCID: PMC9641760 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) of species C. Little is known about factors favoring this genetic macroevolution process. Since 2001, Madagascar has experienced several outbreaks of poliomyelitis due to VDPVs, and most of VDPVs were isolated in the south of the island. The current study explored some of the viral factors that can promote and explain the emergence of recombinant VDPVs in Madagascar. Methods Between May to August 2011, we collected stools from healthy children living in two southern and two northern regions of Madagascar. Virus isolation was done in RD, HEp-2c, and L20B cell lines, and enteroviruses were detected using a wide-spectrum 5ʹ-untranslated region RT-PCR assay. NPEVs were then sequenced for the VP1 gene used for viral genotyping. Results Overall, we collected 1309 stools, of which 351 NPEVs (26.8%) were identified. Sequencing revealed 33 types of viruses belonging to three different species: Enterovirus A (8.5%), Enterovirus B (EV-B, 40.2%), and Enterovirus C (EV-C, 51.3%). EV-C species included coxsackievirus A13, A17, and A20 previously described as putative recombination partners for poliovirus vaccine strains. Interestingly, the isolation rate was higher among stools originating from the South (30.3% vs. 23.6%, p-value = 0.009). EV-C were predominant in southern sites (65.7%) while EV-B predominated in northern sites (54.9%). The factors that explain the relative abundance of EV-C in the South are still unknown. Conclusions Whatever its causes, the relative abundance of EV-C in the South of Madagascar may have promoted the infections of children by EV-C, including the PV vaccine strains, and have favored the recombination events between PVs and NPEVs in co-infected children, thus leading to the recurrent emergence of recombinant VDPVs in this region of Madagascar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07826-0.
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Volle R, Joffret ML, Ndiaye K, Fernandez-Garcia MD, Razafindratsimandresy R, Heraud JM, Rezig D, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Boulahbal-Anes L, Seghier M, Deshpandeh JM, Bessaud M, Delpeyroux F. Development of a New Internally Controlled One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR for the Molecular Detection of Enterovirus A71 in Africa and Madagascar. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1907. [PMID: 32922374 PMCID: PMC7456875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a leading cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and can be associated with severe neurological complications. EV-A71 strains can be classified into seven genogroups, A-H, on the basis of the VP1 capsid protein gene sequence. Genogroup A includes the prototype strain; genogroups B and C are responsible of major outbreaks worldwide, but little is known about the others, particularly genogroups E and F, which have been recently identified in Africa and Madagascar, respectively. The circulation of EV-A71 in the African region is poorly known and probably underestimated. A rapid and specific assay for detecting all genogroups of EV-A71 is required. In this study, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay with a competitive internal control (IC). The primers and TaqMan probe specifically target the genomic region encoding the VP1 capsid protein. Diverse EV-A71 RNAs were successfully amplified from the genogroups A, B, C, D, E, and F, with similar sensitivity and robust reproducibility. Neither cross reaction with other EVs nor major interference with the competitive IC was detected. Experimentally spiked stool and plasma specimens provided consistent and reproducible results, and validated the usefulness of the IC for demonstrating the presence of PCR inhibitors in samples. The analysis in an African laboratories network of 1889 untyped enterovirus isolates detected 15 EV-A71 of different genogroups. This specific real-time RT-PCR assay provides a robust and sensitive method for the detection of EV-A71 in biological specimens and for the epidemiological monitoring of EV-A71 including its recently discovered genogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Volle
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jagadish M Deshpandeh
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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5
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Baicus A, Joffret ML, Bessaud M, Delpeyroux F, Oprisan G. Reinforced poliovirus and enterovirus surveillance in Romania, 2015-2016. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2627-2632. [PMID: 32776175 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the risk of poliovirus importation from Ukraine in 2015, a combined surveillance program monitoring the circulation of enteroviruses (EVs) in healthy children from at-risk areas and in the environment was conducted in Romania. Virological testing of stool samples collected from 155 healthy children aged from two months to six years and of 186 sewage water samples collected from different areas was performed. A total of 58 (37.42%) stool samples and 50 (26.88%) sewage water samples were positive for non-polio EVs, but no poliovirus was detected. A high level of circulation of echovirus (E) types 6 and 7 and coxsackievirus (CV) type B5 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Baicus
- Cantacuzino Medico Military National Institute of Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania. .,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | | | | | - Gabriela Oprisan
- Cantacuzino Medico Military National Institute of Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
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Grozdanov P, Joffret ML, Stoyanova A, Polston P, Achouri E, Nikolova I, Delpeyroux F, Galabov AS. Genome analysis of coxsackievirus B1 isolates during the consecutive alternating administration course of triple antiviral combination in newborn mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2020; 28:2040206620906061. [PMID: 32041425 PMCID: PMC7013111 DOI: 10.1177/2040206620906061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a new approach for the treatment of enterovirus infections, the consecutive alternating administration (CAA) of a combination of enterovirus inhibitors. On the model of coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) in mice, two phenomena were observed: absence of drug resistance and increased susceptibility to the antivirals. This study aims to clarify the genetic basis of these phenomena. Methods Brain samples from CVB1-infected mice subjected to a CAA course with the combination pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine were used for viral RNA extraction and next generation sequencing. In parallel, samples from monotherapeutic courses of the three substances included in the combination were studied. Whole genome sequence analysis was carried out on all samples. Results Samples of pleconaril monotherapy showed mutations in 5′untranslated region, VP3, 2C, 3C and 2A regions of viral RNA, translated in amino acid substitution of the 2A protein. The MDL-860 course induced changes in CVB1 RNA in the VP3 and 2C regions. The oxoglaucine monotherapy samples showed RNA mutation and amino acid substitution in the VP1 region and nucleotide substitution in the 3D region. In the specimens taken from mice subjected to the CAA course with pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine, the following RNA mutations were established: 5′ untranslated region, 2A, and 2B, and amino acids substitutions in VP3 and 2A, which differ from those mentioned above. These changes could be the reason for the prevention of drug resistance development and also to be considered as the basis for the phenomenon of increased drug susceptibility. Conclusions The results reveal that the high anti-enteroviral efficacy of the CAA course is substantiated by the appearance of specific changes in the viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Grozdanov
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Adelina Stoyanova
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Patsy Polston
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emna Achouri
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Angel S Galabov
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, 75 015 Paris, France; WHO Collaborating Centre for Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Paris, France.
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Paris, France
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8
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Sadeuh-Mba SA, Joffret ML, Mazitchi A, Endegue-Zanga MC, Njouom R, Delpeyroux F, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Bessaud M. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of recently discovered enterovirus D type 111. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007797. [PMID: 31622358 PMCID: PMC6818792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the species Enterovirus D (EV-D) remain poorly studied. The two first EV-D types (EV-D68 and EV-D70) have regularly caused outbreaks in humans since their discovery five decades ago but have been neglected until the recent occurrence of severe respiratory diseases due to EV-D68. The three other known EV-D types (EV-D94, EV-D111 and EV-D120) were discovered in the 2000s-2010s in Africa and have never been observed elsewhere. One strain of EV-D111 and all known EV-D120s were detected in stool samples of wild non-human primates, suggesting that these viruses could be zoonotic viruses. To date, EV-D111s are only known through partial genetic sequences of the few strains that have been identified so far. In an attempt to bring new pieces to the puzzle, we genetically characterized four EV-D111 strains (among the seven that have been reported until now). We observed that the EV-D111 strains from human samples and the unique simian EV-D111 strain were not phylogenetically distinct, thus suggesting a recent zoonotic transmission. We also discovered evidences of probable intertypic genetic recombination events between EV-D111s and EV-D94s. As recombination can only happen in co-infected cells, this suggests that EV-D94s and EV-D111s share common replication sites in the infected hosts. These sites could be located in the gut since the phenotypic analysis we performed showed that, contrary to EV-D68s and like EV-D94s, EV-D111s are resistant to acid pHs. We also found that EV-D111s induce strong cytopathic effects on L20B cells, a cell line routinely used to specifically detect polioviruses. An active circulation of EV-D111s among humans could then induce a high number of false-positive detection of polioviruses, which could be particularly problematic in Central Africa, where EV-D111 circulates and which is a key region for poliovirus eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur—Unité de biologie des virus entériques—Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines—Paris, France
| | - Arthur Mazitchi
- Enteric Viruses and Measles Laboratory—Institut Pasteur de Bangui—Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Service—Centre Pasteur of Cameroon–Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur—Unité de biologie des virus entériques—Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines—Paris, France
| | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur—Unité de biologie des virus entériques—Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines—Paris, France
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9
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Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F. Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step Modular Evolutionary Process. Viruses 2019; 11:E859. [PMID: 31540135 PMCID: PMC6784155 DOI: 10.3390/v11090859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA recombination is a major driving force in the evolution and genetic architecture shaping of enteroviruses. In particular, intertypic recombination is implicated in the emergence of most pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, which have caused numerous outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis worldwide. Recent experimental studies that relied on recombination cellular systems mimicking natural genetic exchanges between enteroviruses provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of enterovirus recombination and enabled to define a new model of genetic plasticity for enteroviruses. Homologous intertypic recombinant enteroviruses that were observed in nature would be the final products of a multi-step process, during which precursor nonhomologous recombinant genomes are generated through an initial inter-genomic RNA recombination event and can then evolve into a diversity of fitter homologous recombinant genomes over subsequent intra-genomic rearrangements. Moreover, these experimental studies demonstrated that the enterovirus genome could be defined as a combination of genomic modules that can be preferentially exchanged through recombination, and enabled defining the boundaries of these recombination modules. These results provided the first experimental evidence supporting the theoretical model of enterovirus modular evolution previously elaborated from phylogenetic studies of circulating enterovirus strains. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of recombination in enteroviruses and presents a new evolutionary process that may apply to other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito EC170125, Pichincha, Ecuador.
| | - Alice Mac Kain
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
- INSERM U994, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
- INSERM U994, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Sadeuh-Mba SA, Kavunga-Membo H, Joffret ML, Yogolelo R, Endegue-Zanga MC, Bessaud M, Njouom R, Muyembe-Tamfu JJ, Delpeyroux F. Genetic landscape and macro-evolution of co-circulating Coxsackieviruses A and Vaccine-derived Polioviruses in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2008-2013. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007335. [PMID: 31002713 PMCID: PMC6505894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most common viruses infecting humans worldwide
but only a few Non-Polio Enterovirus (NPEV) isolates have been characterized in
the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Moreover, circulating
vaccine-derived polioviruses (PVs) [cVDPVs] isolated during multiple outbreaks
in DR Congo from 2004 to 2018 have been characterized so far only by the
sequences of their VP1 capsid coding gene. This study was carried to i)
investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of NPEV and polio vaccine
isolates recovered from healthy children and Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP)
patients, ii) evaluate the occurrence of genetic recombination among EVs
belonging to the Enterovirus C species (including PVs) and iii)
identify the virological factors favoring multiple emergences of cVDPVs in DR
Congo. The biological material considered in this study included i) a collection
of 91 Sabin-like PVs, 54 cVDPVs and 150 NPEVs isolated from AFP patients between
2008 and 2012 in DR Congo and iii) a collection of 330 stool specimens collected
from healthy children in 2013 in the Kasai Oriental and Maniema provinces of DR
Congo. Studied virus isolates were sequenced in four distinct sub-genomic
regions 5’-UTR, VP1, 2CATPase and 3Dpol. Resulting
sequences were compared through comparative phylogenetic analyses. Virus
isolation showed that 19.1% (63/330) healthy children were infected by EVs
including 17.9% (59/330) of NPEVs and 1.2% (4/330) of type 3 Sabin-like PVs.
Only one EV-C type, EV-C99 was identified among the NPEV collection from AFP
patients whereas 27.5% of the 69 NPEV isolates typed in healthy children
belonged to the EV-C species: CV-A13 (13/69), A20 (5/69) and A17 (1/69).
Interestingly, 50 of the 54 cVDPVs featured recombinant genomes containing
exogenous sequences in at least one of the targeted non-structural regions of
their genomes: 5’UTR, 2CATPase and 3Dpol. Some of these
non-vaccine sequences of the recombinant cVDPVs were strikingly related to
homologous sequences from co-circulating CV-A17 and A20 in the
2CATPase region as well as to those from co-circulating CV-A13,
A17 and A20 in the 3Dpol region. This study provided the first
evidence uncovering CV-A20 strains as major recombination partners of PVs. High
quality AFP surveillance, sensitive environmental surveillance and efficient
vaccination activities remain essential to ensure timely detection and efficient
response to recombinant cVDPVs outbreaks in DR Congo. Such needs are valid for
any epidemiological setting where high frequency and genetic diversity of
Coxsackieviruses A13, A17 and A20 provide a conducive viral ecosystem for the
emergence of virulent recombinant cVDPVs. The strategy of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is based on the
surveillance of patients suffering from Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) and mass
vaccination with live-attenuated vaccine strains of polioviruses (PVs) in
endemic areas. However, vaccine strains of PVs can circulate and replicate for a
long time when the vaccine coverage of the population is low. Such prolonged
circulation and replication of vaccine strains of PVs can result to the
emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses [cVDPVs] that are as
virulent as wild PVs. In this study, we performed the molecular characterization
of a large collection of 377 virus isolates recovered from paralyzed patients
between 2008 and 2012 in DR Congo and healthy children in 2013 in the Kasai
Oriental and Maniema provinces of DR Congo. We found that the genetic diversity
of enteroviruses of the species Enterovirus C is more important
than previously reported. Interestingly, 50 of the 54 cVDPVs featured
recombinant genomes containing exogenous sequences of the 2C ATPase and/or 3D
polymerase coding genes acquired from co-circulating Coxsackieviruses A13, A17
and A20. Coxsackieviruses A20 strains were identified for the first time as
major partners of genetic recombination with co-circulating live-attenuated
polio vaccine strains. Our findings highlight the need to reinforce and maintain high quality
surveillance of PVs and efficient immunization activities in order to ensure
early detection and control of emerging cVDPVs in all settings where high
frequency and diversity of Coxsackieviruses A13, A17 and A20 have been
documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Centre region,
Cameroon
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Hugo Kavunga-Membo
- Virology Department, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
- INSERM U994 Unit, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Riziki Yogolelo
- Virology Department, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
- INSERM U994 Unit, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Centre region,
Cameroon
| | | | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
- INSERM U994 Unit, INSERM, Paris, France
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11
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Fernandez-Garcia MD, Volle R, Joffret ML, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Kebe O, Wiley MR, Majumdar M, Simon-Loriere E, Sakuntabhai A, Palacios G, Martin J, Delpeyroux F, Ndiaye K, Bessaud M. Genetic Characterization of Enterovirus A71 Circulating in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:754-757. [PMID: 29553325 PMCID: PMC5875259 DOI: 10.3201/eid2404.171783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed whole-genome sequences of 8 enterovirus A71 isolates (EV-A71). We confirm the circulation of genogroup C and the new genogroup E in West Africa. Our analysis demonstrates wide geographic circulation and describes genetic exchanges between EV-A71 and autochthonous EV-A that might contribute to the emergence of pathogenic lineages.
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12
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Joffret ML, Polston PM, Razafindratsimandresy R, Bessaud M, Heraud JM, Delpeyroux F. Whole Genome Sequencing of Enteroviruses Species A to D by High-Throughput Sequencing: Application for Viral Mixtures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2339. [PMID: 30323802 PMCID: PMC6172331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EV) consist of more than 100 serotypes classified within four species for enteroviruses (EV-A to -D) and three species for rhinoviruses, which have been implicated in a variety of human illnesses. Being able to simultaneously amplify the whole genome and identify enteroviruses in samples is important for studying the viral diversity in different geographical regions and populations. It also provides knowledge about the evolution of these viruses. Therefore, we developed a rapid, sensitive method to detect and genetically classify all human enteroviruses in mixtures. Strains of EV-A (15), EV-B (40), EV-C (20), and EV-D (2) viruses were used in addition to 20 supernatants from RD cells infected with stool extracts or sewage concentrates. Two overlapping fragments were produced using a newly designed degenerated primer targeting the conserved CRE region for enteroviruses A-D and one degenerated primer set designed to specifically target the conserved region for each enterovirus species (EV-A to -D). This method was capable of sequencing the full genome for all viruses except two, for which nearly 90% of the genome was sequenced. This method also demonstrated the ability to discriminate, in both spiked and unspiked mixtures, the different enterovirus types present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Joffret
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Patsy M. Polston
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Heraud
- Unité de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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13
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Enfissi A, Joffret ML, Delaune D, Delpeyroux F, Rousset D, Bessaud M. Coxsackievirus A24 Variant Associated with Acute Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Cases, French Guiana, 2017. Intervirology 2018; 60:271-275. [DOI: 10.1159/000489339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Bessaud M, Joffret ML, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F. Exchanges of genomic domains between poliovirus and other cocirculating species C enteroviruses reveal a high degree of plasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38831. [PMID: 27958320 PMCID: PMC5153852 DOI: 10.1038/srep38831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The attenuated Sabin strains contained in the oral poliomyelitis vaccine are genetically unstable, and their circulation in poorly immunized populations can lead to the emergence of pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs). The recombinant nature of most cVDPV genomes and the preferential presence of genomic sequences from certain cocirculating non-polio enteroviruses of species C (EV-Cs) raise questions about the permissiveness of genetic exchanges between EV-Cs and the phenotypic impact of such exchanges. We investigated whether functional constraints limited genetic exchanges between Sabin strains and other EV-Cs. We bypassed the natural recombination events by constructing 29 genomes containing a Sabin 2 capsid-encoding sequence and other sequences from Sabin 2 or from non-polio EV-Cs. Most genomes were functional. All recombinant viruses replicated similarly in vitro, but recombination modulated plaque size and temperature sensitivity. All viruses with a 5′UTR from Sabin 2 were attenuated in mice, whereas almost all viruses with a non-polio 5′UTR caused disease. These data highlight the striking conservation of functional compatibility between different genetic domains of cocirculating EV-Cs. This aspect is only one of the requirements for the generation of recombinant cVDPVs in natural conditions, but it may facilitate the generation of viable intertypic recombinants with diverse phenotypic features, including pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques, Paris, France.,INSERM, U994, Paris, France
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15
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Fernandez-Garcia MD, Kebe O, Fall AD, Dia H, Diop OM, Delpeyroux F, Ndiaye K. Enterovirus A71 Genogroups C and E in Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis, West Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:753-5. [PMID: 26982072 PMCID: PMC4806963 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
The cloning of large enterovirus RNA sequences is labor-intensive because of the frequent instability in bacteria of plasmidic vectors containing the corresponding cDNAs. In order to circumvent this issue we have developed a PCR-based method that allows the generation of highly modified or chimeric full-length enterovirus genomes. This method relies on fusion PCR which enables the concatenation of several overlapping cDNA amplicons produced separately. A T7 promoter sequence added upstream the fusion PCR products allows its transcription into infectious genomic RNAs directly in transfected cells constitutively expressing the phage T7 RNA polymerase. This method permits the rapid recovery of modified viruses that can be subsequently amplified on adequate cell-lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pelletier
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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17
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Mounce BC, Cesaro T, Moratorio G, Hooikaas PJ, Yakovleva A, Werneke SW, Smith EC, Poirier EZ, Simon-Loriere E, Prot M, Tamietti C, Vitry S, Volle R, Khou C, Frenkiel MP, Sakuntabhai A, Delpeyroux F, Pardigon N, Flamand M, Barba-Spaeth G, Lafon M, Denison MR, Albert ML, Vignuzzi M. Inhibition of Polyamine Biosynthesis Is a Broad-Spectrum Strategy against RNA Viruses. J Virol 2016; 90:9683-9692. [PMID: 27535047 PMCID: PMC5068521 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01347-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses present an extraordinary threat to human health, given their sudden and unpredictable appearance, the potential for rapid spread among the human population, and their ability to evolve resistance to antiviral therapies. The recent emergence of chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and Ebola virus highlights the struggles to contain outbreaks. A significant hurdle is the availability of antivirals to treat the infected or protect at-risk populations. While several compounds show promise in vitro and in vivo, these outbreaks underscore the need to accelerate drug discovery. The replication of several viruses has been described to rely on host polyamines, small and abundant positively charged molecules found in the cell. Here, we describe the antiviral effects of two molecules that alter polyamine levels: difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; also called eflornithine), which is a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), and diethylnorspermine (DENSpm), an activator of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1). We show that reducing polyamine levels has a negative effect on diverse RNA viruses, including several viruses involved in recent outbreaks, in vitro and in vivo These findings highlight the importance of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway to viral replication, as well as its potential as a target in the development of further antivirals or currently available molecules, such as DFMO. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses present a significant hazard to human health, and combatting these viruses requires the exploration of new avenues for targeting viral replication. Polyamines, small positively charged molecules within the cell, have been demonstrated to facilitate infection for a few different viruses. Our study demonstrates that diverse RNA viruses rely on the polyamine pathway for replication and highlights polyamine biosynthesis as a promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Teresa Cesaro
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Peter Jan Hooikaas
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Scott W Werneke
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U818, Paris, France
| | - Everett Clinton Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, the Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carole Tamietti
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unité de NeuroImmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Romain Volle
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM, Unité 994, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Khou
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Frenkiel
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM, Unité 994, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pardigon
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie Flamand
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Monique Lafon
- Unité de NeuroImmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mark R Denison
- Department of Pediatrics, the Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U818, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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18
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Duong V, Mey C, Eloit M, Zhu H, Danet L, Huang Z, Zou G, Tarantola A, Cheval J, Perot P, Laurent D, Richner B, Ky S, Heng S, Touch S, Sovann L, van Doorn R, Tan Tran T, Farrar JJ, Wentworth DE, Das SR, Stockwell TB, Manuguerra JC, Delpeyroux F, Guan Y, Altmeyer R, Buchy P. Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 at the origin of an epidemic of fatal hand, foot and mouth disease cases in Cambodia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e104. [PMID: 27651091 PMCID: PMC5113052 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). EV-A71 circulates in many countries and has caused large epidemics, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, since 1997. In April 2012, an undiagnosed fatal disease with neurological involvement and respiratory distress occurred in young children admitted to the Kantha Bopha Children's Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Most died within a day of hospital admission, causing public panic and international concern. In this study, we describe the enterovirus (EV) genotypes that were isolated during the outbreak in 2012 and the following year. From June 2012 to November 2013, 312 specimens were collected from hospitalized and ambulatory patients and tested by generic EV and specific EV-A71 reverse transcription PCR. EV-A71 was detected in 208 clinical specimens while other EVs were found in 32 patients. The VP1 gene and/or the complete genome were generated. Our phylogenetic sequencing analysis demonstrated that 80 EV-A71 strains belonged to the C4a subgenotype and 3 EV-A71 strains belonged to the B5 genotype. Furthermore, some lineages of EV-A71 were found to have appeared in Cambodia following separate introductions from neighboring countries. Nineteen EV A (CV-A6 and CV-A16), 9 EV B (EV-B83, CV-B3, CV-B2, CV-A9, E-31, E-2 and EV-B80) and 4 EV C (EV-C116, EV-C96, CV-A20 and Vaccine-related PV-3) strains were also detected. We found no molecular markers of disease severity. We report here that EV-A71 genotype C4 was the main etiological agent of a large outbreak of HFMD and particularly of severe forms associated with central nervous system infections. The role played by other EVs in the epidemic could not be clearly established.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cambodia/epidemiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Outbreaks
- Enterovirus A, Human/classification
- Enterovirus A, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification
- Enterovirus A, Human/pathogenicity
- Epidemics
- Female
- Genome, Viral
- Genotype
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/mortality
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Veasna Duong
- Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Channa Mey
- Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | | | - Huachen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lucie Danet
- Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institut Pasteur in Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Institut Pasteur in Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Beat Richner
- Kantha Bopha Hospital, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Santy Ky
- Kantha Bopha Hospital, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Sothy Heng
- Kantha Bopha Hospital, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Sok Touch
- Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Ly Sovann
- Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh P1Q5, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Tan Tran
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh P1Q5, Vietnam
| | - Jeremy J Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh P1Q5, Vietnam
| | | | - Suman R Das
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Pasteur Institute, Paris 75724, France
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, INSERM U994, Paris 75000, France
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ralf Altmeyer
- Institut Pasteur in Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&D, Singapore 189720, Singapore
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19
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Bessaud M, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Joffret ML, Razafindratsimandresy R, Polston P, Volle R, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Blondel B, Njouom R, Delpeyroux F. Whole Genome Sequencing of Enterovirus species C Isolates by High-Throughput Sequencing: Development of Generic Primers. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1294. [PMID: 27617004 PMCID: PMC4999429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans and can cause diverse clinical syndromes ranging from minor febrile illness to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Enterovirus species C (EV-C) consists of more than 20 types, among which the three serotypes of polioviruses, the etiological agents of poliomyelitis, are included. Biodiversity and evolution of EV-C genomes are shaped by frequent recombination events. Therefore, identification and characterization of circulating EV-C strains require the sequencing of different genomic regions. A simple method was developed to quickly sequence the entire genome of EV-C isolates. Four overlapping fragments were produced separately by RT-PCR performed with generic primers. The four amplicons were then pooled and purified prior to being sequenced by a high-throughput technique. The method was assessed on a panel of EV-Cs belonging to a wide-range of types. It can be used to determine full-length genome sequences through de novo assembly of thousands of reads. It was also able to discriminate reads from closely related viruses in mixtures. By decreasing the workload compared to classical Sanger-based techniques, this method will serve as a precious tool for sequencing large panels of EV-Cs isolated in cell cultures during environmental surveillance or from patients, including vaccine-derived polioviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France; WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | | | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France; WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | | | - Patsy Polston
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France
| | - Romain Volle
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Blondel
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France
| | - Richard Njouom
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Service de Virologie Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U994Paris, France; WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Enteroviruses and Viral Vaccines, Institut PasteurParis, France
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20
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Mirabelli C, Pelletier I, Téoulé F, Vidalain PO, Brisac C, Tangy F, Delpeyroux F, Blondel B. The CREB3-Herp signalling module limits the cytosolic calcium concentration increase and apoptosis induced by poliovirus. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2194-2200. [PMID: 27405867 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Poliovirus (PV)-induced apoptosis seems to play a major role in central nervous system (CNS) tissue injury, a crucial feature of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. We have previously shown that calcium (Ca2+) flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol during PV infection is involved in apoptosis induction in human neuroblastoma cells. We show here that PV infection is associated with a transient upregulation of Herp (homocysteine-induced ER protein), a protein known to promote the degradation of ER-resident Ca2+ channels. Herp gene transcription is controlled by the transcription factor CREB3 (cAMP response element-binding protein 3). We found that the CREB3/Herp pathway limited the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis early in PV infection. This may reduce the extent of PV-induced damage to the CNS during poliomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mirabelli
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pelletier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France
| | - François Téoulé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France.,Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génomique virale et vaccination, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génomique virale et vaccination, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM U994, Paris, France
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21
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Endegue-Zanga MC, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Iber J, Burns CC, Moeletsi NG, Baba M, Bukbuk D, Delpeyroux F, Mengouo MN, Demanou M, Vernet G, Etoa FX, Njouom R. Importation and outbreak of wild polioviruses from 2000 to 2014 and interruption of transmission in Cameroon. J Clin Virol 2016; 79:18-24. [PMID: 27045455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient implementation of the global eradication strategies consisting of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance and mass immunization campaigns led to interruption of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission in Cameroon in 1999. OBJECTIVES This study describes type 1 and type 3 wild poliovirus (WPV) importation, incidence, geographic distribution and control since the original interruption of transmission in Cameroon. STUDY DESIGN Stool samples from AFP patients under the age of 15 years in Cameroon were collected nationwide and subjected to virus isolation on RD and L20B cell cultures. Resulting virus isolates were typed by intratypic differentiation (ITD) and analysis of the VP1 coding sequence of the viral genome. Surveillance data originating from Cameroon between 2000 and 2014 were considered for retrospective descriptive analyses. RESULTS From 2003 to 2009, multiple WPV importation events from neighboring countries affected mainly in the northern regions of Cameroon but did not led to sustained local transmission. Throughout this period, 16 WPV1 and 5 WPV3 were detected and identified as members of multiple clusters within type-specific West Africa B genotypes (WEAF-B). In 2013-2014, a polio outbreak associated to a highly evolved ("orphan") WPV1 affected four southern regions of Cameroon. CONCLUSIONS The appearance of highly evolved lineage of type 1 WPV suggests potential surveillance gap and underscore the need to maintain comprehensive polio immunization activities and sensitive surveillance systems in place as long as any country in the world remains endemic for WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Iber
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara C Burns
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Marycelin Baba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - David Bukbuk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, INSERM U994, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Maurice Demanou
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Guy Vernet
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Muslin C, Joffret ML, Pelletier I, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F. Evolution and Emergence of Enteroviruses through Intra- and Inter-species Recombination: Plasticity and Phenotypic Impact of Modular Genetic Exchanges in the 5' Untranslated Region. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005266. [PMID: 26562151 PMCID: PMC4643034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic recombination shapes the diversity of RNA viruses, including enteroviruses (EVs), which frequently have mosaic genomes. Pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) genomes consist of mutated vaccine poliovirus (PV) sequences encoding capsid proteins, and sequences encoding nonstructural proteins derived from other species’ C EVs, including certain coxsackieviruses A (CV-A) in particular. Many cVDPV genomes also have an exogenous 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR). This region is involved in virulence and includes the cloverleaf (CL) and the internal ribosomal entry site, which play major roles in replication and the initiation of translation, respectively. We investigated the plasticity of the PV genome in terms of recombination in the 5’ UTR, by developing an experimental model involving the rescue of a bipartite PV/CV-A cVDPV genome rendered defective by mutations in the CL, following the co-transfection of cells with 5’ UTR RNAs from each of the four human EV species (EV-A to -D). The defective cVDPV was rescued by recombination with 5’ UTR sequences from the four EV species. Homologous and nonhomologous recombinants with large deletions or insertions in three hotspots were isolated, revealing a striking plasticity of the 5’ UTR. By contrast to the recombination of the cVDPV with the 5’ UTR of group II (EV-A and -B), which can decrease viral replication and virulence, recombination with the 5’ UTRs of group I (EV-C and -D) appeared to be evolutionarily neutral or associated with a gain in fitness. This study illustrates how the genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses can evolve into mosaic recombinant genomes through intra- or inter-species modular genetic exchanges, favoring the emergence of new recombinant lineages. Recombination shapes viral genomes, including those of the pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs), responsible for poliomyelitis outbreaks. The genomes of cVDPVs consist of sequences from vaccine poliovirus (PV) and other enteroviruses (EVs). We investigated the plasticity of cVDPV genomes and the effects of recombination in the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR), which is involved in replication, translation and virulence. We rescued a 5’ UTR-defective recombinant cVDPV genome by cotransfecting cells with 5’ UTR RNAs from human EV species EV-A to -D. Hundreds of recombinants were isolated, revealing striking plasticity in this region, with homologous and nonhomologous recombination sites mostly clustered in three hotspots. Recombination with EV-A and -B affected replication and virulence, whereas recombination with EV-C and -D was either neutral or improved viral fitness. This study illustrates how RNA viruses can acquire mosaic genomes through intra- or inter-species recombination, favoring the emergence of new recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Muslin
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pelletier
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Naughtin M, Sareth R, Sentilhes AC, Vong S, Joffret ML, Cornillot E, Deubel V, Delpeyroux F, Frutos R, Buchy P. Genetic diversity of human rhinoviruses in Cambodia during a three-year period reveals novel genetic types. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 35:42-9. [PMID: 26231720 PMCID: PMC7105975 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Five novel genotypes are identified based on VP1 sequences. Co-infections with other viruses is demonstrated. The genome of rhinoviruses is saturated. A novel classification system considering amino acid sequences should be developed.
Acute respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity during early childhood in developing countries. Human rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infections in humans, which can range in severity from asymptomatic to clinically severe disease. In this study we collected 4170 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients hospitalised with influenza-like illness in two Cambodian provincial hospitals between 2007 and 2010. Samples were screened for 18 respiratory viruses using 5 multiplex PCRs. A total of 11.2% of samples tested positive for human rhinoviruses (HRV). VP4/2 and VP1 regions were amplified and sequenced to study the distribution of rhinoviruses genotypes and species in Cambodia during this three-year period. Five novel genotypes, 2 species A, 2 species B and 1 species C were identified based on VP1 sequences. Co-infections with other viruses were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Naughtin
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rith Sareth
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cornillot
- CEMIPAI, CPBS, UMR 5236, CNRS-UM1-UM2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Vincent Deubel
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM U994, Institut National de Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Roger Frutos
- CEMIPAI, CPBS, UMR 5236, CNRS-UM1-UM2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Cirad, UMR 17, Cirad-Ird, TA-A17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Delpeyroux F, Colbère-Garapin F. Editorial commentary: emerging problems impeding the elimination of the last polioviruses: silent circulation of wild strains in a well-immunized population. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 60:1065-7. [PMID: 25550347 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques INSERM U994, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Florence Colbère-Garapin
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Virus Entériques INSERM U994, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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25
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Delpeyroux F, Colbère-Garapin F, Blondel B. Circulation silencieuse de souches sauvages de poliovirus dans une population bien vaccinée. Virologie (Montrouge) 2014; 18:303-305. [PMID: 33065923 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2014.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques et Centre collaborateur de l'OMS de recherche sur les entérovirus et les vaccins viraux, 28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France, Inserm U994, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Florence Colbère-Garapin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques et Centre collaborateur de l'OMS de recherche sur les entérovirus et les vaccins viraux, 28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France, Inserm U994, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques et Centre collaborateur de l'OMS de recherche sur les entérovirus et les vaccins viraux, 28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France, Inserm U994, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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26
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Sadeuh-Mba SA, Bessaud M, Joffret ML, Endegue Zanga MC, Balanant J, Mpoudi Ngole E, Njouom R, Reynes JM, Delpeyroux F, Rousset D. Characterization of Enteroviruses from non-human primates in cameroon revealed virus types widespread in humans along with candidate new types and species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3052. [PMID: 25079078 PMCID: PMC4117447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) infecting African Non-Human Primates (NHP) are still poorly documented. This study was designed to characterize the genetic diversity of EVs among captive and wild NHP in Cameroon and to compare this diversity with that found in humans. Stool specimens were collected in April 2008 in NHP housed in sanctuaries in Yaounde and neighborhoods. Moreover, stool specimens collected from wild NHP from June 2006 to October 2008 in the southern rain forest of Cameroon were considered. RNAs purified directly from stool samples were screened for EVs using a sensitive RT-nested PCR targeting the VP1 capsid coding gene whose nucleotide sequence was used for molecular typing. Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) were primarily infected by EV types already reported in humans in Cameroon and elsewhere: Coxsackievirus A13 and A24, Echovirus 15 and 29, and EV-B82. Moreover EV-A119, a novel virus type recently described in humans in central and west Africa, was also found in a captive Chimpanzee. EV-A76, which is a widespread virus in humans, was identified in wild chimpanzees, thus suggesting its adaptation and parallel circulation in human and NHP populations in Cameroon. Interestingly, some EVs harbored by wild NHP were genetically distinct from all existing types and were thus assigned as new types. One chimpanzee-derived virus was tentatively assigned as EV-J121 in the EV-J species. In addition, two EVs from wild monkeys provisionally registered as EV-122 and EV-123 were found to belong to a candidate new species. Overall, this study indicates that the genetic diversity of EVs among NHP is more important than previously known and could be the source of future new emerging human viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (SASM); (FD)
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Balanant
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Marc Reynes
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (SASM); (FD)
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27
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Bessaud M, Razafindratsimandresy R, Nougairède A, Joffret ML, Deshpande JM, Dubot-Pérès A, Héraud JM, de Lamballerie X, Delpeyroux F, Bailly JL. Molecular comparison and evolutionary analyses of VP1 nucleotide sequences of new African human enterovirus 71 isolates reveal a wide genetic diversity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90624. [PMID: 24598878 PMCID: PMC3944068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most circulating strains of Human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) have been classified primarily into three genogroups (A to C) on the basis of genetic divergence between the 1D gene, which encodes the VP1 capsid protein. The aim of the present study was to provide further insights into the diversity of the EV-A71 genogroups following the recent description of highly divergent isolates, in particular those from African countries, including Madagascar. We classified recent EV-A71 isolates by a large comparison of 3,346 VP1 nucleotidic sequences collected from GenBank. Analysis of genetic distances and phylogenetic investigations indicated that some recently-reported isolates did not fall into the genogroups A-C and clustered into three additional genogroups, including one Indian genogroup (genogroup D) and 2 African ones (E and F). Our Bayesian phylogenetic analysis provided consistent data showing that the genogroup D isolates share a recent common ancestor with the members of genogroup E, while the isolates of genogroup F evolved from a recent common ancestor shared with the members of the genogroup B. Our results reveal the wide diversity that exists among EV-A71 isolates and suggest that the number of circulating genogroups is probably underestimated, particularly in developing countries where EV-A71 epidemiology has been poorly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Antoine Nougairède
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de biologie des virus entériques, Paris, France
- INSERM U994, Paris, France
| | | | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Michel Héraud
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité de Virologie, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Bailly
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EPIE EA4843, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Blondel B, Colbère-Garapin F, Delpeyroux F. Redondance fonctionnelle cachée de deux structures d'ARN viral non similaires révélées grâce à la bioinformatique. Virologie (Montrouge) 2013; 17:383-386. [PMID: 31910603 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2013.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U994, biologie des virus entériques, 28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Florence Colbère-Garapin
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U994, biologie des virus entériques, 28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U994, biologie des virus entériques, 28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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29
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Delpeyroux F, Colbère-Garapin F, Razafindratsimandresy R, Sadeuh-Mba S, Joffret ML, Rousset D, Blondel B. Éradication de la poliomyélite et émergence de poliovirus pathogènes dérivés du vaccin. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:1034-41. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132911021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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30
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Razafindratsimandresy R, Joffret ML, Rabemanantsoa S, Andriamamonjy S, Heraud JM, Delpeyroux F. Reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses in healthy children, Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:1008-10. [PMID: 23735779 PMCID: PMC3713839 DOI: 10.3201/eid1906.130080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Joffret ML, Bouchier C, Grandadam M, Zeller H, Maufrais C, Bourhy H, Despres P, Delpeyroux F, Dacheux L. Genomic characterization of Sebokele virus 1 (SEBV1) reveals a new candidate species among the genus Parechovirus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1547-1553. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.053157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the genomic features and the taxonomic classification of Sebokele virus 1 (SEBV1), a previously unclassified arbovirus isolated in 1972 from rodents collected in Botambi, Central African Republic. The complete genome sequence was obtained using a deep sequencing approach (Illumina technology) and dedicated bioinformatics workflows for data analysis. Molecular analysis identified SEBV1 as a picornavirus, most closely related to Ljungan viruses of the genus Parechovirus. The genome has a typical Ljungan virus-like organization, including the presence of two unrelated 2A protein motifs. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that SEBV1 belongs to the parechovirus phylogroup and was most closely related to the Ljungan virus species. However, it appeared clearly distinct from all members of this phylogroup, suggesting that it represents a novel species of the genus Parechovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Joffret
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
| | - C. Bouchier
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Génomique, Paris, France
| | - M. Grandadam
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Reference des Arbovirus, Unité des Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Paris, France
| | - H. Zeller
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Infections Emergentes, Lyon, France
| | - C. Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Centre d’Informatique pour les Biologistes, Paris, France
| | - H. Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l’Hôte, Paris, France
| | - P. Despres
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Paris, France
| | - F. Delpeyroux
- INSERM, U994, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
| | - L. Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l’Hôte, Paris, France
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Bessaud M, Delpeyroux F. Development of a simple and rapid protocol for the production of customized intertypic recombinant polioviruses. J Virol Methods 2012; 186:104-8. [PMID: 22939977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The three attenuated strains Sabin are used as oral vaccine to immunize against poliomyelitis in many countries. Low vaccine coverage can allow these strains to circulate among non-immunized people, accumulating genetic modifications through nucleotide substitutions and recombination with non-polio enteroviruses. These modifications can induce a loss of attenuation, so promoting the emergence of pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses responsible for poliomyelitis outbreaks. In vitro-engineered chimeric viruses containing both Sabin and non-polio sequences constitute a powerful tool for understanding the constraints that drive and limit the recombination events between the Sabin strains and other enteroviruses and to understand the consequences on the viral phenotypic properties of substitutions of large genomic regions due to recombination events. A method was optimized that allowed the rapid production of customized Sabin-derived viruses. By using sequences from Sabin 2 and 3 polioviruses and from non-polio field enteroviruses, several recombinant genomes were engineered by using fusion PCR. The corresponding viruses were recovered after cell transfection. This method was found able to generate rapidly a wide range of unnatural viruses with multiple breakpoints that can be chosen precisely. Furthermore, this method is also suitable to engineer nucleotide deletions, insertions and/or substitutions within a given genome, so increasing the number of unnatural viruses that can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité postulante de biologie des virus entériques, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Joffret ML, Jégouic S, Bessaud M, Balanant J, Tran C, Caro V, Holmblat B, Razafindratsimandresy R, Reynes JM, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Delpeyroux F. Common and diverse features of cocirculating type 2 and 3 recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses isolated from patients with poliomyelitis and healthy children. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1363-73. [PMID: 22457288 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five cases of poliomyelitis due to type 2 or 3 recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were reported in the Toliara province of Madagascar in 2005. METHODS We sequenced the genome of the VDPVs isolated from the patients and from 12 healthy children and characterized phenotypic aspects, including pathogenicity, in mice transgenic for the poliovirus receptor. RESULTS We identified 6 highly complex mosaic recombinant lineages composed of sequences derived from different vaccine polioviruses and other species C human enteroviruses (HEV-Cs). Most had some recombinant genome features in common and contained nucleotide sequences closely related to certain cocirculating coxsackie A virus isolates. However, they differed in terms of their recombinant characteristics or nucleotide substitutions and phenotypic features. All VDPVs were neurovirulent in mice. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the genetic relationship between type 2 and 3 VDPVs, indicating that both types can be involved in a single outbreak of disease. Our results highlight the various ways in which a vaccine-derived poliovirus may become pathogenic in complex viral ecosystems, through frequent recombination events and mutations. Intertypic recombination between cocirculating HEV-Cs (including polioviruses) appears to be a common mechanism of genetic plasticity underlying transverse genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Joffret
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, France
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Bessaud M, Joffret ML, Holmblat B, Razafindratsimandresy R, Delpeyroux F. Genetic relationship between cocirculating Human enteroviruses species C. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24823. [PMID: 21931857 PMCID: PMC3171481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombination events between human enteroviruses (HEV) are known to occur frequently and to participate in the evolution of these viruses. In a previous study, we reported the isolation of a panel of viruses belonging to the Human enterovirus species C (HEV-C) that had been cocirculating in a small geographic area of Madagascar in 2002. This panel included type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (PV) that had caused several cases of acute flaccid paralysis in humans. Previous partial sequencing of the genome of these HEV-C isolates revealed considerable genetic diversity, mostly due to recombination. In the work presented herein, we carried out a more detailed characterization of the genomes of viruses from this collection. First, we determined the full VP1 sequence of 41 of these isolates of different types. These sequences were compared with those of HEV-C isolates obtained from other countries or in other contexts. The sequences of the Madagascan isolates of a given type formed specific clusters clearly differentiated from those formed by other strains of the same type isolated elsewhere. Second, we sequenced the entire genome of 10 viruses representing most of the lineages present in this panel. All but one of the genomes appeared to be mosaic assemblies of different genomic fragments generated by intra- and intertypic recombination. The location of the breakpoints suggested potential preferred genomic regions for recombination. Our results also suggest that recombination between type HEV-99 and other HEV-C may be quite rare. This first exhaustive genomic analysis of a panel of non-PV HEV-C cocirculating in a small human population highlights the high frequency of inter and intra-typic genetic recombination, constituting a widespread mechanism of genetic plasticity and continually shifting the HEV-C biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Postulante de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France.
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Shulman LM, Sofer D, Manor Y, Mendelson E, Balanant J, Salvati AL, Delpeyroux F, Fiore L. Antiviral activity of 3(2H)- and 6-chloro-3(2H)-isoflavenes against highly diverged, neurovirulent vaccine-derived, type2 poliovirus sewage isolates. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18360. [PMID: 21904594 PMCID: PMC3102060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substituted flavanoids interfere with uncoating of Enteroviruses including Sabin-2 polio vaccine strains. However flavanoid resistant and dependent, type-2 polio vaccine strains (minimally-diverged), emerged during in vitro infections. Between 1998–2009, highly-diverged (8 to >15%) type-2, aVDPV2s, from two unrelated persistent infections were periodically isolated from Israeli sewage. Aim To determine whether highly evolved aVDPV2s derived from persistent infections retained sensitivity to isoflavenes. Methods Sabin-2 and ten aVDPV2 isolates from two independent Israeli sources were titered on HEp2C cells in the presence and absence of 3(2H)- Isoflavene and 6-chloro-3(2H)-Isoflavene. Neurovirulence of nine aVDPV2s was measured in PVR-Tg-21 transgenic mice. Differences were related to unique amino acid substitutions within capsid proteins. Principal Findings The presence of either flavanoid inhibited viral titers of Sabin-2 and nine of ten aVDPV2s by one to two log10. The tenth aVDPV2, which had unique amino acid substitution distant from the isoflavene-binding pocket but clustered at the three- and five-fold axies of symmetry between capsomeres, was unaffected by both flavanoids. Genotypic neurovirulence attenuation sites in the 5′UTR and VP1 reverted in all aVDPV2s and all reacquired a full neurovirulent phenotype except one with amino acid substitutions flanking the VP1 site. Conclusion Both isoflavenes worked equally well against Sabin 2 and most of the highly-diverged, Israeli, aVDPV2s isolates. Thus, functionality of the hydrophobic pocket may be unaffected by selective pressures exerted during persistent poliovirus infections. Amino acid substitutions at sites remote from the drug-binding pocket and adjacent to a neurovirulence attenuation site may influence flavanoid antiviral activity, and neurovirulence, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester M Shulman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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Adams NG, Adekambi T, Afeltra J, Aguado J, Aires de Sousa M, Akiyoshi K, Al Hasan M, Ala-Kokko T, Albert M, Alfandari S, Allen D, Allerberger F, Almyroudis N, Alp E, Amin R, Anderson-Berry A, Andes DR, Andremont A, Andreu A, Angelakis M, Antachopoulos C, Antoniadou A, Arabatzis M, Arlet G, Arnez M, Arnold C, Asensio A, Asseray N, Ausiello C, Avni T, Ayling R, Baddour L, Baguelin M, Bányai K, Barbour A, Basco LK, Bauer D, Bayston R, Beall B, Becker K, Behr M, Bejon P, Belliot G, Benito-Fernandez J, Benjamin D, Benschop K, Berencsi G, Bergeron MG, Bernard K, Berner R, Beyersmann J, Bille J, Bizzini A, Bjarnsholt T, Blanc D, Blanco J, Blot S, Bohnert J, Boillat N, Bonomo R, Bonten M, Bordon JM, Borel N, Boschiroli ML, Bosilkovski M, Bosso JA, Botelho-Nevers E, Bou G, Bretagne S, Brouqui P, Brun-Buisson C, Brunetto M, Bucher H, Buchheidt D, Buckling A, Bulpa P, Cambau E, Canducci F, Cantón R, Capobianchi M, Carattoli A, Carcopino X, Cardona-Castro N, Carling PC, Carrat F, Castilla J, Castilletti C, Cavaco L, Cavallo R, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Centrón D, Chappuis F, Charrel R, Chen M, Chevaliez S, Chezzi C, Chomel B, Chowers M, Chryssanthou E, Ciammaruconi A, Ciccozzi M, Cid J, Ciofu O, Cisneros D, Ciufolini MG, Clark C, Clarke SC, Clayton R, Clementi M, Clemons K, Cloeckaert A, Cloud J, Coenye T, Cohen Bacri S, Cohen R, Coia J, Colombo A, Colson P, Concerse P, Cordonnier C, Cormican M, Cornaglia G, Cornely O, Costa S, Cots F, Craxi A, Creti R, Crnich C, Cuenca Estrella M, Cusi MG, d'Ettorre G, da Cruz Lamas C, Daikos G, Dannaoui E, De Barbeyrac B, De Grazia S, de Jager C, de Lamballerie X, de Marco F, del Palacio A, Delpeyroux F, Denamur E, Denis O, Depaquit J, Deplano A, Desenclos JC, Desjeux P, Deutch S, Di Luca D, Dianzani F, Diep B, Diestra K, Dignani C, Dimopoulos G, Divizia M, Doi Y, Dornbusch HJ, Dotis J, Drancourt M, Drevinek P, Dromer F, Dryden M, Dubreuil L, Dubus JC, Dumitrescu O, Dumke R, DuPont H, Edelstein M, Eggimann P, Eis-Huebinger AM, El Atrouni WI, Entenza J, Ergonul O, Espinel-Ingroff A, Esteban J, Etienne J, Fan XG, Fenollar F, Ferrante P, Ferrieri P, Ferry T, Feuchtinger T, Finegold S, Fingerle V, Fitch M, Fitzgerald R, Flori P, Fluit A, Fontana R, Fournier PE, François M, Francois P, Freedman DO, Friedrich A, Gallego L, Gallinella G, Gangneux JP, Gannon V, Garbarg-Chenon A, Garbino J, Garnacho-Montero J, Gatermann S, Gautret P, Gentile G, Gerlich W, Ghannoum M, Ghebremedhin B, Ghigo E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Girgis R, Giske C, Glupczynski Y, Gnarpe J, Gomez-Barrena E, Gorwitz RJ, Gosselin R, Goubau P, Gould E, Gradel K, Gray J, Gregson D, Greub G, Grijalva CG, Groll A, Groschup M, Gutiérrez J, Hackam DG, Hall WA, Hallett R, Hansen S, Harbarth S, Harf-Monteil C, Hasanjani RMR, Hasler P, Hatchette T, Hauser P, He Q, Hedges A, Helbig J, Hennequin C, Herrmann B, Hezode C, Higgins P, Hoesli I, Hoiby N, Hope W, Houvinen P, Hsu LY, Huard R, Humphreys H, Icardi M, Imoehl M, Ivanova K, Iwamoto T, Izopet J, Jackson Y, Jacobsen K, Jang TN, Jasir A, Jaulhac B, Jaureguy F, Jefferies JM, Jehl F, Johnstone J, Joly-Guillou ML, Jonas M, Jones M, Joukhadar C, Kahl B, Kaier K, Kaiser L, Kato H, Katragkou A, Kearns A, Kern W, Kerr K, Kessin R, Kibbler C, Kimberlin D, Kittang B, Klaassen C, Kluytmans J, Ko WC, Koh WJ, Kostrzewa M, Kourbeti I, Krause R, Krcmery V, Krizova P, Kuijper E, Kullberg BJ, Kumar G, Kunin CM, La Scola B, Lagging M, Lagrou K, Lamagni T, Landini P, Landman D, Larsen A, Lass-Floerl C, Laupland K, Lavigne JP, Leblebicioglu H, Lee B, Lee CH, Leggat P, Lehours P, Leibovici L, Leon L, Leonard N, Leone M, Lescure X, Lesprit P, Levy PY, Lew D, Lexau CA, Li SY, Li W, Lieberman D, Lina B, Lina G, Lindsay JA, Livermore D, Lorente L, Lortholary O, Lucet JC, Lund B, Lütticken R, MacLeod C, Madhi S, Maertens J, Maggi F, Maiden M, Maillard JY, Maira-Litran T, Maltezou H, Manian FA, Mantadakis E, Maragakis L, Marcelin AG, Marchaim D, Marchetti O, Marcos M, Markotic A, Martina B, Martínez J, Martinez JL, Marty F, Maurin M, McGee L, Mediannikov O, Meersseman W, Megraud F, Meletiadis J, Mellmann A, Meyer E, Meyer W, Meylan P, Michalopoulos A, Micol R, Midulla F, Mikami Y, Miller RF, Miragaia M, Miriagou V, Mitchell TJ, Miyakis S, Mokrousov I, Monecke S, Mönkemüller K, Monno L, Monod M, Morales G, Moriarty F, Morosini I, Mortensen E, Mubarak K, Mueller B, Mühlemann K, Muñoz Bellido JL, Murray P, Muscillo M, Mylotte J, Naessens A, Nagy E, Nahm MH, Nassif X, Navarro D, Navarro F, Neofytos D, Nes I, Ní Eidhin D, Nicolle L, Niederman MS, Nigro G, Nimmo G, Nordmann P, Nougairède A, Novais A, Nygard K, Oliveira D, Orth D, Ortiz JR, Osherov N, Österblad M, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pagano L, Palamara AT, Pallares R, Panagopoulou P, Pandey P, Panepinto J, Pappas G, Parkins M, Parola P, Pasqualotto A, Pasteran F, Paul M, Pawlotsky JM, Peeters M, Peixe L, Pepin J, Peralta G, Pereyre S, Perfect JR, Petinaki E, Petric M, Pettigrew M, Pfaller M, Philipp M, Phillips G, Pichichero M, Pierangeli A, Pierard D, Pigrau C, Pilishvili T, Pinto F, Pistello M, Pitout J, Poirel L, Poli G, Poppert S, Posfay-Barbe K, Pothier P, Poxton I, Poyart C, Pozzetto B, Pujol M, Pulcini C, Punyadeera C, Ramirez M, Ranque S, Raoult D, Rasigade JP, Re MC, Reilly JS, Reinert R, Renaud B, Rice L, Rich S, Richet H, Rigouts L, Riva E, Rizzo C, Robotham J, Rodicio MR, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez-Bano J, Rogier C, Roilides E, Rolain JM, Rooijakkers S, Rooney P, Rossi F, Rotimi V, Rottman M, Roux V, Ruhe J, Russo G, Sadowy E, Sagel U, Said SI, Saijo M, Sak B, Sa-Leao R, Sanders EAM, Sanguinetti M, Sarrazin C, Savelkoul P, Scheifele D, Schmidt WP, Schønheyder H, Schönrich G, Schrenzel J, Schubert S, Schwarz K, Schwarz S, Sefton A, Segondy M, Seifert H, Seng P, Senneville E, Sexton D, Shafer RW, Shalit I, Shankar N, Shata TM, Shields J, Sibley C, Sicinschi L, Siljander T, Simitsopoulou M, Simoons-Smit AM, Sissoko D, Sjögren J, Skiada A, Skoczynska A, Skov R, Slack M, Sogaard M, Sola C, Soriano A, Sotto A, Sougakoff W, Sougakoff W, Souli M, Spelberg B, Spelman D, Spiliopoulou I, Springer B, Stefani S, Stein A, Steinbach WJ, Steinbakk M, Strakova L, Strenger V, Sturm P, Sullivan P, Sutton D, Symmons D, Tacconelli E, Tamalet C, Tang JW, Tang YW, Tattevin P, Thibault V, Thomsen RW, Thuny F, Tong S, Torres C, Townsend R, Tristan A, Trouillet JL, Tsai HC, Tsitsopoulos P, Tuerlinckx D, Tulkens P, Tumbarello M, Tureen J, Turnidge JD, Turriziani O, Tutuian R, Uçkay I, Upton M, Vabret A, Vamvakas EC, van den Boom D, Van Eldere J, van Leeuwen W, van Strijp J, Van Veen S, Vandamme P, Vandenesch F, Vayssier M, Velin D, Venditti M, Venter M, Venuti A, Vergnaud G, Verheij T, Verhofstede C, Viscoli C, Vizza CD, Vogel U, Waller A, Wang YF, Warn P, Warris A, Wauters G, Weidmann M, Weill FX, Weinberger M, Welch D, Wellinghausen N, Wheat J, Widmer A, Wild F, Willems R, Willinger B, Winstanley C, Witte W, Wolff M, Wong F, Wootton M, Wyllie D, Xu W, Yamamoto S, Yaron S, Yildirim I, Zaoutis T, Zazzi M, Zbinden R, Zehender GG, Zemlickova H, Zerbini ML, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao YD, Zhu Z, Zimmerli W. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Delpeyroux F. [Poliomyelitis world vaccination program: eradication or control of the disease]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2010; 14:307-310. [PMID: 36151692 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2011.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des virus entériques, Inserm U994, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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Roivainen M, Blomqvist S, al-Hello H, Paananen A, Delpeyroux F, Kuusi M, Hovi T. Highly divergent neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses of all three serotypes are recurrently detected in Finnish sewage. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.19.19566-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Finland, surveillance of potential re-emergence of poliovirus transmission is mainly based on environmental surveillance, i.e. search for infectious poliovirus in sewage samples. Since December 2008, 21 genetically highly divergent, neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) have been isolated from sewage in Tampere, Finland. While the source of the VDPV is unknown, characteristics of the viruses resemble those of strains isolated from immunodeficient, persistently infected persons. No cases of suspected poliomyelitis have been reported in Finland since 1985.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roivainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Blomqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H al-Hello
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Paananen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Delpeyroux
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM, U994, Paris, France
- Departement de Virologie, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M Kuusi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Hovi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Roivainen M, Blomqvist S, Al-Hello H, Paananen A, Delpeyroux F, Kuusi M, Hovi T. Highly divergent neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses of all three serotypes are recurrently detected in Finnish sewage. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:pii/19566. [PMID: 20483108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Finland, surveillance of potential re-emergence of poliovirus transmission is mainly based on environmental surveillance, i.e. search for infectious poliovirus in sewage samples. Since December 2008, 21 genetically highly divergent, neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) have been isolated from sewage in Tampere, Finland. While the source of the VDPV is unknown, characteristics of the viruses resemble those of strains isolated from immunodeficient, persistently infected persons. No cases of suspected poliomyelitis have been reported in Finland since 1985.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roivainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Huang T, Wang W, Bessaud M, Ren P, Sheng J, Yan H, Zhang J, Lin X, Wang Y, Delpeyroux F, Deubel V. Evidence of recombination and genetic diversity in human rhinoviruses in children with acute respiratory infection. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6355. [PMID: 19633719 PMCID: PMC2712091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a highly prevalent cause of acute respiratory infection in children. They are classified into at least three species, HRV-A, HRV-B and HRV-C, which are characterized by sequencing the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) or the VP4/VP2 region of the genome. Given the increased interest for novel HRV strain identification and their worldwide distribution, we have carried out clinical and molecular diagnosis of HRV strains in a 2-year study of children with acute respiratory infection visiting one district hospital in Shanghai. Methodology/Findings We cloned and sequenced a 924-nt fragment that covered part of the 5′UTR and the VP4/VP2 capsid genes. Sixty-four HRV-infected outpatients were diagnosed amongst 827 children with acute low respiratory tract infection. Two samples were co-infected with HRV-A and HRV-B or HRV-C. By comparative analysis of the VP4/VP2 sequences of the 66 HRVs, we showed a high diversity of strains in HRV-A and HRV-B species, and a prevalence of 51.5% of strains that belonged to the recently identified HRV-C species. When analyzing a fragment of the 5′ UTR, we characterized at least two subspecies of HRV-C: HRV-Cc, which clustered differently from HRV-A and HRV-B, and HRV-Ca, which resulted from previous recombination in this region with sequences related to HRV-A. The full-length sequence of one strain of each HRV-Ca and HRV-Cc subspecies was obtained for comparative analysis. We confirmed the close relationship of their structural proteins but showed apparent additional recombination events in the 2A gene and 3′UTR of the HRV-Ca strain. Double or triple infections with HRV-C and respiratory syncytial virus and/or bocavirus were diagnosed in 33.3% of the HRV-infected patients, but no correlation with severity of clinical outcome was observed. Conclusion Our study showed a high diversity of HRV strains that cause bronchitis and pneumonia in children. A predominance of HRV-C over HRV-A and HRV-B was observed, and two subspecies of HRV-C were identified, the diversity of which seemed to be related to recombination with former HRV-A strains. None of the HRV-C strains appeared to have a higher clinical impact than HRV-A or HRV-B on respiratory compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Unit of Emerging Viruses, Shanghai, PR China
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Jegouic S, Joffret ML, Blanchard C, Riquet FB, Perret C, Pelletier I, Colbere-Garapin F, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Delpeyroux F. Recombination between polioviruses and co-circulating Coxsackie A viruses: role in the emergence of pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000412. [PMID: 19412342 PMCID: PMC2669712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have recently been reported in different regions of the world. Two of these outbreaks occurred in Madagascar. Most cVDPVs were recombinants of mutated poliovaccine strains and other unidentified enteroviruses of species C. We previously reported that a type 2 cVDPV isolated during an outbreak in Madagascar was co-circulating with coxsackieviruses A17 (CA17) and that sequences in the 3′ half of the cVDPV and CA17 genomes were related. The goal of this study was to investigate whether these CA17 isolates can act as recombination partners of poliovirus and subsequently to evaluate the major effects of recombination events on the phenotype of the recombinants. We first cloned the infectious cDNA of a Madagascar CA17 isolate. We then generated recombinant constructs combining the genetic material of this CA17 isolate with that of the type 2 vaccine strain and that of the type 2 cVDPV. Our results showed that poliovirus/CA17 recombinants are viable. The recombinant in which the 3′ half of the vaccine strain genome had been replaced by that of the CA17 genome yielded larger plaques and was less temperature sensitive than its parental strains. The virus in which the 3′ portion of the cVDPV genome was replaced by the 3′ half of the CA17 genome was almost as neurovirulent as the cVDPV in transgenic mice expressing the poliovirus cellular receptor gene. The co-circulation in children and genetic recombination of viruses, differing in their pathogenicity for humans and in certain other biological properties such as receptor usage, can lead to the generation of pathogenic recombinants, thus constituting an interesting model of viral evolution and emergence. Following intense vaccination campaigns with Sabin's trivalent live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine, poliomyelitis caused by wild polioviruses has disappeared from large parts of the world. However, poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have recently been reported in countries with low vaccine coverage. Most of these cVDPVs seem to be recombinants of mutated vaccine strains and undetermined coxsackieviruses. We have previously shown a cVDPV isolated during an outbreak in Madagascar to be co-circulating with coxsackievirus A17 (CA17) strains with 3′ genomic sequences related to those of the cVDPV. In this study, we determined whether these CA17 isolates can act as recombination partners of poliovirus. Using genetic engineering techniques, we constructed a variety of recombinant viruses derived from a CA17 isolate, the cVDPV and the corresponding original vaccine strain. Our results showed that poliovirus/CA17 recombinants are viable. Moreover, the recombinant virus resulting from the replacement of the 3′ half of the cVDPV genome by that of the CA17 genome was almost as pathogenic as the cVDPV. This supports the notion that co-circulation and co-evolution through the recombination of polioviruses and coxsackieviruses contribute to the emergence of epidemic cVDPVs. This constitutes an interesting model of viral evolution and emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jegouic
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France
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Riquet FB, Blanchard C, Jegouic S, Balanant J, Guillot S, Vibet MA, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Delpeyroux F. Impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus. J Virol 2008; 82:8927-32. [PMID: 18579607 PMCID: PMC2519664 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00239-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. Most cVDPVs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and human enterovirus species C (HEV-C). To study the role of HEV-C sequences in the phenotype of cVDPVs, we generated a series of recombinants between a Madagascar cVDPV isolate and its parental OPV type 2 strain. Results indicated that the HEV-C sequences present in this cVDPV contribute to its characteristics, including pathogenicity, suggesting that interspecific recombination contributes to the phenotypic biodiversity of polioviruses and may favor the emergence of cVDPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck B Riquet
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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43
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Bessaud M, Autret A, Jegouic S, Balanant J, Joffret ML, Delpeyroux F. Development of a Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection and quantification of negatively stranded RNA of human enteroviruses: evidence for false-priming and improvement by tagged RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2008; 153:182-9. [PMID: 18706930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans. These viruses are known to be able to infect a wide range of tissues and are believed to establish persistent infections. Enteroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses whose replication involves the synthesis of negative strand intermediates. Therefore, the specific detection of negatively stranded viral RNA in tissues or cells is a reliable marker of active enteroviral replication. The present report presents the development of a real-time RT-PCR allowing the specific detection and quantification of negatively stranded viral RNA. Since it was known that specific amplification of single-stranded RNA can be made difficult by false-priming events leading to false-positive or overestimated results, the assay was developed by using a tagged RT primer. This tagged RT-PCR was shown to be able to amplify specifically negative RNA of enteroviruses grown in cell cultures by preventing the amplification of cDNAs generated by false-priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Unité postulante de biologie des virus entériques, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75 015 Paris, France.
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Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Gumede N, Jegouic S, Balanant J, Andriamamonjy SN, Rabemanantsoa S, Birmingham M, Randriamanalina B, Nkolomoni L, Venter M, Schoub BD, Delpeyroux F, Reynes JM. Reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in Madagascar. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1427-35. [PMID: 18419577 DOI: 10.1086/587694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the 2001-2002 poliomyelitis outbreak due to recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in the Toliara province of Madagascar, another outbreak reoccurred in the same province in 2005. METHODS We conducted epidemiological and virological investigations for each polio case patient and for their contacts. RESULTS From May to August 2005, a total of 5 cases of acute flaccid paralysis were reported among unvaccinated or partially vaccinated children 2-3 years old. Type-3 or type-2 VDPV was isolated from case patients and from healthy contacts. These strains were classified into 4 recombinant lineages that showed complex mosaic genomic structures originating from different vaccine strain serotypes and probably from human enterovirus C (HEV-C) species. Genetic relatedness could be observed among these 4 lineages. Vaccination coverage of the population was very low (<50%). CONCLUSIONS The broad distribution of VDPVs in the province and their close genetic relationship indicate intense and rapid cocirculation and coevolution of the vaccine strains and of their related HEV-C strains. The occurrence of an outbreak due to VDPV 3 years after a previous outbreak indicates that a short period with low vaccination coverage is enough to create favorable conditions for the emergence of VDPV in this setting.
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Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Jegouic S, Bessaud M, Delpeyroux F. Poliovirus et entérovirus C, même espèce, même « tribu » virale. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:452-3. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2008245452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rakoto-Andrianarivelo M, Guillot S, Iber J, Balanant J, Blondel B, Riquet F, Martin J, Kew O, Randriamanalina B, Razafinimpiasa L, Rousset D, Delpeyroux F. Co-circulation and evolution of polioviruses and species C enteroviruses in a district of Madagascar. PLoS Pathog 2008; 3:e191. [PMID: 18085822 PMCID: PMC2134956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Between October 2001 and April 2002, five cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) associated with type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were reported in the southern province of the Republic of Madagascar. To determine viral factors that favor the emergence of these pathogenic VDPVs, we analyzed in detail their genomic and phenotypic characteristics and compared them with co-circulating enteroviruses. These VDPVs appeared to belong to two independent recombinant lineages with sequences from the type 2 strain of the oral poliovaccine (OPV) in the 5′-half of the genome and sequences derived from unidentified species C enteroviruses (HEV-C) in the 3′-half. VDPV strains showed characteristics similar to those of wild neurovirulent viruses including neurovirulence in poliovirus-receptor transgenic mice. We looked for other VDPVs and for circulating enteroviruses in 316 stools collected from healthy children living in the small area where most of the AFP cases occurred. We found vaccine PVs, two VDPVs similar to those found in AFP cases, some echoviruses, and above all, many serotypes of coxsackie A viruses belonging to HEV-C, with substantial genetic diversity. Several coxsackie viruses A17 and A13 carried nucleotide sequences closely related to the 2C and the 3Dpol coding regions of the VDPVs, respectively. There was also evidence of multiple genetic recombination events among the HEV-C resulting in numerous recombinant genotypes. This indicates that co-circulation of HEV-C and OPV strains is associated with evolution by recombination, resulting in unexpectedly extensive viral diversity in small human populations in some tropical regions. This probably contributed to the emergence of recombinant VDPVs. These findings give further insight into viral ecosystems and the evolutionary processes that shape viral biodiversity. Following extensive vaccination campaigns using the attenuated oral polio vaccine, wild polioviruses remain endemic in only a few countries. Nevertheless, several poliomyelitis outbreaks associated with vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were reported in different parts of the world in recent years, particularly in Madagascar in 2002. We analyzed the molecular characteristics of Madagascar VDPVs and compared them with those of co-circulating enteroviruses. These VDPVs appear to be recombinant viruses between vaccine polioviruses and human enteroviruses of species C (HEV-C) and to present phenotypic characteristics similar to those of wild polioviruses including pathogenicity. Similar VDPVs and other enteroviruses, including several HEV-C of different types, were found in the stools of healthy children living in neighboring villages to where most of the poliomyelitis cases occurred. Some HEV-Cs showed sequences closely related to those of VDPVs, indicating genetic recombination between these viruses and vaccine polioviruses. There was also evidence of multiple genetic recombination events among other HEV-C isolates resulting in numerous different genotypes. These findings indicate that co-circulation of HEV-C and vaccine polioviruses and their evolution by recombination results in unexpectedly extensive viral diversity, at least in some small human populations, probably contributing to the emergence of recombinant VDPVs. Results of this study give further insight into the world of viruses and their biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Département Infection et Epidémiologie, PTMMH, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jane Iber
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jean Balanant
- Département de Virologie, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Département de Virologie, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Franck Riquet
- Département de Virologie, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Olen Kew
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bakolalao Randriamanalina
- Programme Elargi de la Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé, du Planning Familial et de la Protection Sociale, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lalatiana Razafinimpiasa
- Direction Régionale de la Santé Atsimo Andrefana, Ministère de la Santé, du Planning Familial et de la Protection Sociale, Toliara, Madagascar
| | | | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Département de Virologie, Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Blondel B, Autret A, Brisac C, Pelletier I, Martin-Latil S, Jegouic S, Bessaud M, Joffret ML, Balanant J, Colbère-Garapin F, Delpeyroux F. [Genetic evolution of poliovirus: success and difficulties in the eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis]. Med Trop (Mars) 2008; 68:189-202. [PMID: 18630055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Poliovirus, the aetiological agent of poliomyelitis, is an enterovirus of the Picronaviridae family. Despite the success of the World Health Organisation (WHO) worldwide vaccination campaign against poliomyelitis, poliovirus remains a public health problem in several developing countries, in Africa and Asia in particular. This is partly due to the considerable capacity of poliovirus strains to circulate and spread in populations with insufficient vaccine coverage. In addition, the attenuated strains of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) may rapidly evolve a neurovirulent phenotype, causing rare cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. The recent occurrence of epidemics associated with vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) has highlighted the emergence of recombinant strains with genomes constituted of sequences from OPV strains together with sequences from non-polio enteroviruses. In this review, after briefly describing the molecular biology of poliovirus and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis, we will provide an overview of the current situation concerning poliomyelitis prophylaxis and the strategies developed to fight this disease. We will also deal with the issue of the possible re-emergence of poliovirus after declaration of the eradication of wildtype poliovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blondel
- Unité Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur Paris, France.
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Bessaud M, Jegouic S, Joffret ML, Barge C, Balanant J, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Delpeyroux F. Characterization of the genome of human enteroviruses: design of generic primers for amplification and sequencing of different regions of the viral genome. J Virol Methods 2008; 149:277-84. [PMID: 18329732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans and can cause diverse clinical syndromes ranging from minor febrile illness to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Biodiversity and evolution of human enterovirus genomes are shaped by frequent recombination events. Therefore, identification and characterization of circulating strains of enteroviruses require partial determination of different genomic regions. The development is described of a simple method allowing amplification and partial sequencing of the P1, P2 and P3 genomic regions of field human enterovirus strains isolated in cell cultures, by performing PCR on cDNAs generated through a single RT reaction. A set of generic primers were designed and tested on a panel of 90 field and prototype viruses belonging to the five species of human enteroviruses. This assay was shown to amplify efficiently the targeted regions of all the 90 genomes tested. The generated amplicons were sequenced successfully without the need for gel purification. This assay could be a valuable tool for laboratories interested in molecular epidemiology and evolution studies implicating a great number of human enterovirus strains isolated from human or environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Unité postulante de biologie des virus entériques, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75 015 Paris, France.
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Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Burns CC, Gumede N, Guillot S, Ménard D, Dosseh A, Akoua-Koffi C, Pallansch MA, Kew OM, Delpeyroux F. Molecular epidemiology of wild poliovirus type 1 circulation in West and Central Africa, from 1997 to 1999, using genotyping with a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Arch Virol 2007; 153:409-16. [PMID: 18060590 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Virological surveillance is an important element in the Polio Eradication Initiative to provide information rapidly about circulating wild polioviruses. Molecular tools have been developed to identify the serotype of the poliovirus strains and whether they are of vaccine or wild origin (intratypic differentiation) and to perform the molecular epidemiology of wild strains. The main objective of this study was to show that restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a tool that can be used for molecular epidemiology of wild polioviruses. This is retrospective study of poliovirus type 1 strains received at the Institut Pasteur of Bangui (IPB), a WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Africa, since 1994. We describe our experience with isolates from Western and Central Africa and show a positive correlation between the genotypes as determined by sequencing the gene for the VP1 capsid protein and the RFLP patterns. Although genomic sequencing is the gold standard method for detailed molecular epidemiology analysis of poliovirus isolates, these results show that RFLP is a potentially valuable tool for molecular epidemiological analysis of poliovirus type 1 strains: it could be used by many laboratories as a rapid method for ITD and genotype screening where sequencing capacity is not readily available.
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Haddad-Boubaker S, Ben Yahia A, Bahri O, Morel V, Balanant J, Delpeyroux F, Triki H. Genetic features of polioviruses isolated in Tunisia, 1991-2006. J Clin Virol 2007; 41:81-6. [PMID: 18023246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic characterisation of polioviruses remains highly important even in countries where wild poliovirus circulation has been interrupted. Sequence data on representative wild strains from all geographical regions is required for surveillance purposes and surveillance for vaccine-related isolates with increased potential for transmissibility in humans should continue. OBJECTIVE To report the genetic characteristics of wild and vaccine-related polioviruses isolated in Tunisia from 1991 to 2006. STUDY DESIGN Wild isolates were sequenced in the VP1 genomic region and compared to each other. Vaccine-related isolates were assessed for genetic recombination by PCR/RFLP and sequence analysis of the 3D region. Recombinant viruses were assessed for genetic drift in the VP1 region. RESULTS The VP1 sequences of the last wild isolates, all from serotype3, showed 97.7-98.7% nucleotide homology. Nineteen percent of vaccine-related isolates were vaccine/vaccine intertypic recombinants. No recombinant with non-poliovirus enteroviruses was identified. Mutational differences in the VP1 sequences of recombinant viruses ranged from 0.0% to 0.7% indicating a limited replication period. CONCLUSIONS This study provides sequence data on wild polioviruses from Tunisia/North Africa and shows that in countries with continuous high vaccine coverage transmission of vaccine-related polioviruses is time-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haddad-Boubaker
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory on Poliomyelitis and Measles, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia.
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