1
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Duddy G, Courtis K, Horwood J, Olsen J, Horsler H, Hodgson T, Varsani-Brown S, Abdullah A, Denti L, Lane H, Delaqua F, Janzen J, Strom M, Rosewell I, Crawley K, Davies B. Donor template delivery by recombinant adeno-associated virus for the production of knock-in mice. BMC Biol 2024; 22:26. [PMID: 38302906 PMCID: PMC10836013 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce preimplantation mouse embryos has led to the use of this delivery method for the production of genetically altered knock-in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. The potential exists for this method to simplify the production and extend the types of alleles that can be generated directly in the zygote, obviating the need for manipulations of the mouse genome via the embryonic stem cell route. RESULTS We present the production data from a total of 13 genetically altered knock-in mouse models generated using CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation of zygotes and delivery of donor repair templates via transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus. We explore the efficiency of gene targeting at a total of 12 independent genetic loci and explore the effects of allele complexity and introduce strategies for efficient identification of founder animals. In addition, we investigate the reliability of germline transmission of the engineered allele from founder mice generated using this methodology. By comparing our production data against genetically altered knock-in mice generated via gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and their microinjection into blastocysts, we assess the animal cost of the two methods. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction of zygotes provides a robust and effective delivery route for donor templates for the production of knock-in mice, across a range of insertion sizes (0.9-4.7 kb). We find that the animal cost of this method is considerably less than generating knock-in models via embryonic stem cells and thus constitutes a considerable 3Rs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Duddy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Olsen
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Helen Horsler
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tina Hodgson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Denti
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hollie Lane
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Delaqua
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Julia Janzen
- Transnetyx Inc, 8110 Cordova Rd. Suite 119, Cordova, TN, 38016, USA
| | - Molly Strom
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian Rosewell
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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2
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Nakagawa R, Llorian M, Varsani-Brown S, Chakravarty P, Camarillo JM, Barry D, George R, Blackledge NP, Duddy G, Kelleher NL, Klose RJ, Turner M, Calado DP. Epi-microRNA mediated metabolic reprogramming ensures affinity maturation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.31.551250. [PMID: 37609190 PMCID: PMC10441342 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
To increase antibody affinity against pathogens, positively selected GC-B cells initiate cell division in the light zone (LZ) of germinal centres (GCs). Among those, higher-affinity clones migrate to the dark zone (DZ) and vigorously proliferate by relying on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, it remains unknown how positively selected GC-B cells adapt their metabolism for cell division in the glycolysis-dominant, cell cycle arrest-inducing, hypoxic LZ microenvironment. Here, we show that microRNA (miR)-155 mediates metabolic reprogramming during positive selection to protect high-affinity clones. Transcriptome examination and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that miR-155 regulates H3K36me2 levels by directly repressing hypoxia-induced histone lysine demethylase, Kdm2a. This is indispensable for enhancing OXPHOS through optimizing the expression of vital nuclear mitochondrial genes under hypoxia. The miR-155-Kdm2a interaction is crucial to prevent excessive production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Thus, miR-155-mediated epigenetic regulation promotes mitochondrial fitness in high-affinity clones, ensuring their expansion and consequently affinity maturation.
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3
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Mahata B, Pramanik J, van der Weyden L, Polanski K, Kar G, Riedel A, Chen X, Fonseca NA, Kundu K, Campos LS, Ryder E, Duddy G, Walczak I, Okkenhaug K, Adams DJ, Shields JD, Teichmann SA. Tumors induce de novo steroid biosynthesis in T cells to evade immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3588. [PMID: 32680985 PMCID: PMC7368057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors subvert immune cell function to evade immune responses, yet the complex mechanisms driving immune evasion remain poorly understood. Here we show that tumors induce de novo steroidogenesis in T lymphocytes to evade anti-tumor immunity. Using a transgenic steroidogenesis-reporter mouse line we identify and characterize de novo steroidogenic immune cells, defining the global gene expression identity of these steroid-producing immune cells and gene regulatory networks by using single-cell transcriptomics. Genetic ablation of T cell steroidogenesis restricts primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in mouse models. Steroidogenic T cells dysregulate anti-tumor immunity, and inhibition of the steroidogenesis pathway is sufficient to restore anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrates T cell de novo steroidogenesis as a mechanism of anti-tumor immunosuppression and a potential druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidesh Mahata
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Jhuma Pramanik
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gozde Kar
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Riedel
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Edward Ryder
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graham Duddy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Izabela Walczak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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4
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Henriksson J, Chen X, Gomes T, Ullah U, Meyer KB, Miragaia R, Duddy G, Pramanik J, Yusa K, Lahesmaa R, Teichmann SA. Genome-wide CRISPR Screens in T Helper Cells Reveal Pervasive Crosstalk between Activation and Differentiation. Cell 2019; 176:882-896.e18. [PMID: 30639098 PMCID: PMC6370901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are important regulators of mammalian adaptive immunity and have relevance for infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunology. Using a newly developed, genome-wide retroviral CRISPR knockout (KO) library, combined with RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq, we have dissected the regulatory circuitry governing activation and differentiation of these cells. Our experiments distinguish cell activation versus differentiation in a quantitative framework. We demonstrate that these two processes are tightly coupled and are jointly controlled by many transcription factors, metabolic genes, and cytokine/receptor pairs. There are only a small number of genes regulating differentiation without any role in activation. By combining biochemical and genetic data, we provide an atlas for Th2 differentiation, validating known regulators and identifying factors, such as Pparg and Bhlhe40, as part of the core regulatory network governing Th2 helper cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Henriksson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, Novum, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xi Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tomás Gomes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ricardo Miragaia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graham Duddy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jhuma Pramanik
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK; Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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5
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Steger M, Tonelli F, Ito G, Davies P, Trost M, Vetter M, Wachter S, Lorentzen E, Duddy G, Wilson S, Baptista MAS, Fiske BK, Fell MJ, Morrow JA, Reith AD, Alessi DR, Mann M. Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases. eLife 2016; 5:e12813. [PMID: 26824392 PMCID: PMC4769169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Park8, encoding for the multidomain Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein, comprise the predominant genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, the most common amino acid substitution activates the kinase two- to threefold. This has motivated the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; however, poor consensus on physiological LRRK2 substrates has hampered clinical development of such therapeutics. We employ a combination of phosphoproteomics, genetics, and pharmacology to unambiguously identify a subset of Rab GTPases as key LRRK2 substrates. LRRK2 directly phosphorylates these both in vivo and in vitro on an evolutionary conserved residue in the switch II domain. Pathogenic LRRK2 variants mapping to different functional domains increase phosphorylation of Rabs and this strongly decreases their affinity to regulatory proteins including Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Our findings uncover a key class of bona-fide LRRK2 substrates and a novel regulatory mechanism of Rabs that connects them to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Genta Ito
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Davies
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Trost
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Vetter
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wachter
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Graham Duddy
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Wilson
- RD Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Marco AS Baptista
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, United States
| | - Brian K Fiske
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, United States
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Early Discovery Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, United States
| | - John A Morrow
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Westpoint, United States
| | - Alastair D Reith
- Neurodegeneration Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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6
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Newton VL, Ali S, Duddy G, Whitmarsh AJ, Gardiner NJ. Targeting apoptosis signalling kinase-1 (ASK-1) does not prevent the development of neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107437. [PMID: 25329046 PMCID: PMC4199525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase (MAPKKK/MAP3K) which lies upstream of the stress-activated MAPKs, JNK and p38. ASK1 may be activated by a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimuli. MAP kinase activation in the sensory nervous system as a result of diabetes has been shown in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. As a common upstream activator of both p38 and JNK, we hypothesised that activation of ASK1 contributes to nerve dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy. We therefore wanted to characterize the expression of ASK1 in sensory neurons, and determine whether the absence of functional ASK1 would protect against the development of neuropathy in a mouse model of experimental diabetes. ASK1 mRNA and protein is constitutively expressed by multiple populations of sensory neurons of the adult mouse lumbar DRG. Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 and transgenic ASK1 kinase-inactive (ASK1n) mice using streptozotocin. Levels of ASK1 do not change in the DRG, spinal cord, or sciatic nerve following induction of diabetes. However, levels of ASK2 mRNA increase in the spinal cord at 4 weeks of diabetes, which could represent a future target for this field. Neither motor nerve conduction velocity deficits, nor thermal or mechanical hypoalgesia were prevented or ameliorated in diabetic ASK1n mice. These results suggest that activation of ASK1 is not responsible for the nerve deficits observed in this mouse model of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Newton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sumia Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Duddy
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Whitmarsh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J. Gardiner
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Deakin A, Duddy G, Wilson S, Harrison S, Latcham J, Fulleylove M, Fung S, Smith J, Pedrick M, McKevitt T, Felton L, Morley J, Quint D, Fattah D, Hayes B, Gough J, Solari R. Characterisation of a K390R ITK kinase dead transgenic mouse--implications for ITK as a therapeutic target. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107490. [PMID: 25250764 PMCID: PMC4174519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 inducible tyrosine kinase (ITK) is expressed in T cells and plays a critical role in signalling through the T cell receptor. Evidence, mainly from knockout mice, has suggested that ITK plays a particularly important function in Th2 cells and this has prompted significant efforts to discover ITK inhibitors for the treatment of allergic disease. However, ITK is known to have functions outside of its kinase domain and in general kinase knockouts are often not good models for the behaviour of small molecule inhibitors. Consequently we have developed a transgenic mouse where the wild type Itk allele has been replaced by a kinase dead Itk allele containing an inactivating K390R point mutation (Itk-KD mice). We have characterised the immune phenotype of these naive mice and their responses to airway inflammation. Unlike Itk knockout (Itk−/−) mice, T-cells from Itk-KD mice can polymerise actin in response to CD3 activation. The lymph nodes from Itk-KD mice showed more prominent germinal centres than wild type mice and serum antibody levels were significantly abnormal. Unlike the Itk−/−, γδ T cells in the spleens of the Itk-KD mice had an impaired ability to secrete Th2 cytokines in response to anti-CD3 stimulation whilst the expression of ICOS was not significantly different to wild type. However ICOS expression is markedly increased on αβCD3+ cells from the spleens of naïve Itk-KD compared to WT mice. The Itk-KD mice were largely protected from inflammatory symptoms in an Ovalbumin model of airway inflammation. Consequently, our studies have revealed many similarities but some differences between Itk−/−and Itk-KD transgenic mice. The abnormal antibody response and enhanced ICOS expression on CD3+ cells has implications for the consideration of ITK as a therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/immunology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/immunology
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Pneumonia/drug therapy
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Point Mutation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Deakin
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Duddy
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Wilson
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Harrison
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Judi Latcham
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Fulleylove
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Fung
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Smith
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Pedrick
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Tom McKevitt
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Felton
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Morley
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Quint
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Dilniya Fattah
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Hayes
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Gough
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Solari
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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8
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Di Daniel E, Mok MHS, Mead E, Mutinelli C, Zambello E, Caberlotto LL, Pell TJ, Langmead CJ, Shah AJ, Duddy G, Kew JNC, Maycox PR. Evaluation of expression and function of the H+/myo-inositol transporter HMIT. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:54. [PMID: 19607714 PMCID: PMC2717050 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The phosphoinositide (PIns) signalling pathway regulates a series of neuronal processes, such as neurotransmitter release, that are thought to be altered in mood disorders. Furthermore, mood-stabilising drugs have been shown to inhibit key enzymes that regulate PIns production and alter neuronal growth cone morphology in an inositol-reversible manner. Here, we describe analyses of expression and function of the recently identified H+/myo-inositol transporter (HMIT) investigated as a potential regulator of PIns signalling. Results We show that HMIT is primarily a neuronal transporter widely expressed in the rat and human brain, with particularly high levels in the hippocampus and cortex, as shown by immunohistochemistry. The transporter is localised at the Golgi apparatus in primary cultured neurones. No HMIT-mediated electrophysiological responses were detected in rat brain neurones or slices; in addition, inositol transport and homeostasis were unaffected in HMIT targeted null-mutant mice. Conclusion Together, these data do not support a role for HMIT as a neuronal plasma membrane inositol transporter, as previously proposed. However, we observed that HMIT can transport inositol triphosphate, indicating unanticipated intracellular functions for this transporter that may be relevant to mood control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Daniel
- Psychiatry Discovery Technology Group, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, UK.
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9
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Shands CG, McLeod B, Lollback ML, Duddy G, Hatcher S, O'Halloran WJ. Comparison of manual assessments of ewe fat reserves for on-farm use. Anim Prod Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/an09031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The two systems currently used in Australia for assessing the body reserves of live sheep (fat and condition scoring) were evaluated for their ability to quantify the range of scores within a mob and their ability to discriminate between sheep of varying fatness. Three ewe genotypes (fine Merino, medium Merino and first-cross Border Leicester × Merino) were independently assessed by four assessors experienced in each system (i.e. eight assessors). Twenty-four hours after assessment the ewes were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir and hot carcass measures of tissue depth at the GR site (thickness of tissue over the 12th rib, 110mm from the midline) taken to allow correlation with the assessed live scores. There was at least three times more phenotypic variation in fat score assessment compared with condition score as the fat score assessors used a wider range of scores. Despite this the average repeatability of fat scoring (0.73–0.85) was greater than condition scoring (0.64–0.84) particularly within the fine Merino genotype. Although there was a strong linear relationship between assessments of fat and condition scoring, the regression coefficients comparing the two scoring systems indicated a greater discrimination among animals on fat score across all three genotypes. Furthermore the fat scores had a significantly higher correlation with GR tissue depth measured on the carcass than condition scores. These data indicate that both systems will similarly assess the average body fat reserves of a mob or animals; however, fat scoring achieves greater discrimination when the goal is to identify individuals that are lower or higher than the mob average.
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10
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Philpott KL, Brackenborough K, Skaper SD, Hobbs CI, Hille C, Bingham R, Facci L, Chapman H, Howlett D, Shillings A, Richardson JC, Brownlees J, Duddy G. P1‐080: Ask1 kinase‐dead knock‐in mice and models of neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Schnackenberg CG, Costell MH, Hoang B, Duddy G, Willette RN. Serum and glucocorticoid‐regulated kinase mediates hypertension and end organ damage in DOCA‐salt hypertension. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.969.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao Hoang
- Discovery Technology GroupGlaxoSmithKlineKing of PrussiaPA
| | - Graham Duddy
- Discovery Technology GroupGlaxoSmithKlineHarlowUnited Kingdom
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Schnackenberg CG, Costell MH, Bernard RE, Minuti KK, Grygielko ET, Parsons MJ, Laping NJ, Duddy G. Compensatory role for Sgk2 mediated sodium reabsorption during salt deprivation in Sgk1 knockout mice. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a508-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Schnackenberg
- Investigative & Cardiac BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2510, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Melissa H. Costell
- Investigative & Cardiac BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2510, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Roberta E. Bernard
- Investigative & Cardiac BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2510, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Kristine K. Minuti
- Investigative & Cardiac BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2510, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Eugene T. Grygielko
- Urogenital BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2521, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Michael J. Parsons
- Transgenics and Gene CloningGlaxoSmithKline, H31‐2‐049, NFSP‐N, Third AvenueHarlowCM21 9RBUnited Kingdom
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine733 N. Broadway, Suite G49BaltimoreMD21205‐2196
| | - Nicholas J. Laping
- Urogenital BiologyGlaxoSmithKline709 Swedeland Road, UW2521, Box 1539King of PrussiaPA19406
| | - Graham Duddy
- Transgenics and Gene CloningGlaxoSmithKline, H31‐2‐049, NFSP‐N, Third AvenueHarlowCM21 9RBUnited Kingdom
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13
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Jaillard C, Harrison S, Stankoff B, Aigrot MS, Calver AR, Duddy G, Walsh FS, Pangalos MN, Arimura N, Kaibuchi K, Zalc B, Lubetzki C. Edg8/S1P5: an oligodendroglial receptor with dual function on process retraction and cell survival. J Neurosci 2005; 25:1459-69. [PMID: 15703400 PMCID: PMC6726002 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4645-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) proteins are G-protein-coupled receptors activated by lysophospholipid mediators: sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) or lysophosphatidic acid. We show that in the CNS, expression of Edg8/S1P5, a high-affinity S1P receptor, is restricted to oligodendrocytes and expressed throughout development from the immature stages to the mature myelin-forming cell. S1P activation of Edg8/S1P5 on O4-positive pre-oligodendrocytes induced process retraction via a Rho kinase/collapsin response-mediated protein signaling pathway, whereas no retraction was elicited by S1P on these cells derived from Edg8/S1P5-deficient mice. Edg8/S1P5-mediated process retraction was restricted to immature cells and was no longer observed at later developmental stages. In contrast, S1P activation promoted the survival of mature oligodendrocytes but not of pre-oligodendrocytes. The S1P-induced survival of mature oligodendrocytes was mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive, Akt-dependent pathway. Our data demonstrate that Edg8/S1P5 activation on oligodendroglial cells modulates two distinct functional pathways mediating either process retraction or cell survival and that these effects depend on the developmental stage of the cell.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Ankyrins/analysis
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain Chemistry
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cell Surface Extensions/drug effects
- Cell Surface Extensions/physiology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
- Crosses, Genetic
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/physiology
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kv1.1 Potassium Channel
- Lysophospholipids/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Oligodendroglia/drug effects
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/ultrastructure
- Phosphorylation
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/analysis
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/deficiency
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- rho-Associated Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jaillard
- Biologie des Interactions Neurones/Glie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 711, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, F-75651 Paris, France
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Harrison SM, Harper AJ, Hawkins J, Duddy G, Grau E, Pugh PL, Winter PH, Shilliam CS, Hughes ZA, Dawson LA, Gonzalez MI, Upton N, Pangalos MN, Dingwall C. BACE1 (β-secretase) transgenic and knockout mice: identification of neurochemical deficits and behavioral changes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2003; 24:646-55. [PMID: 14664815 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is a key enzyme in the generation of Abeta, the major component of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. We have generated transgenic mice expressing human BACE1 with the Cam Kinase II promoter driving neuronal-specific expression. The transgene contains the full-length coding sequence of human BACE1 preceding an internal ribosome entry site element followed by a LacZ reporter gene. These animals exhibit a bold, exploratory behavior and show elevated 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover. We have also generated a knockout mouse in which LacZ replaces the first exon of murine BACE1. Interestingly these animals show a contrasting behavior, being timid and less exploratory. Despite these clear differences both mouse lines are viable and fertile with no changes in morbidity. These results suggest an unexpected role for BACE1 in neurotransmission, perhaps through changes in amyloid precursor protein processing and Abeta levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M Harrison
- Department of Comparative Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
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15
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Elshourbagy NA, Douglas SA, Shabon U, Harrison S, Duddy G, Sechler JL, Ao Z, Maleeff BE, Naselsky D, Disa J, Aiyar NV. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of genes encoding urotensin-II peptides and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptors from the mouse and monkey. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:9-22. [PMID: 11976263 PMCID: PMC1762106 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) and its receptor (UT) represent novel therapeutic targets for management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. To test such hypothesis, it will be necessary to develop experimental animal models for the manipulation of U-II/UT receptor system. The goal of this study was to clone mouse and primate preproU-II and UT for pharmacological profiling. Monkey and mouse preproU-II genes were identified to encode 123 and 125 amino acids. Monkey and mouse UT receptors were 389, and 386 amino acids, respectively. Genomic organization of mouse genes showed that the preproU-II has four exons, while the UT receptor has one exon. Although initially viewed by many exclusively as cardiovascular targets, the present study demonstrates expression of mouse and monkey U-II/UT receptor mRNA in extra-vascular tissue including lung, pancreas, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Ligand binding studies showed that [125I]h U-II bound to a single sites to the cloned receptors in a saturable/high affinity manner (Kd 654+/-154 and 214+/-65 pM and Bmax of 1011+/-125 and 497+/-68 fmol mg-1 for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively). Competition binding analysis demonstrated equipotent, high affinity binding of numerous mammalian, amphibian and piscine U-II isopeptides to these receptors (Ki=0.8 - 3 nM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled U-II, bound specifically to HEK-293 cells expressing mouse or monkey UT receptor, confirming cell surface expression of recombinant UT receptor. Exposure of these cells to human U-II resulted in an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] concentrations (EC50 3.2+/-0.8 and 1.1+/-0.3 nM for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively) and inositol phosphate (Ip) formation (EC50 7.2+/-1.8 and 0.9+/-0.2 nM for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively) consistent with the primary signalling pathway for UT receptor involving phospholipase C activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Elshourbagy
- Department of Expression Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, PA 19406, USA.
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