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Hammad HM, Ashraf M, Abbas F, Bakhat HF, Qaisrani SA, Mubeen M, Fahad S, Awais M. Retraction Note: Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: a case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33079-2. [PMID: 38528229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saeed A Qaisrani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Akram R, Natasha, Fahad S, Hashmi MZ, Wahid A, Adnan M, Mubeen M, Khan N, Rehmani MIA, Awais M, Abbas M, Shahzad K, Ahmad S, Hammad HM, Nasim W. Retraction Note: Trends of electronic waste pollution and its impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:23300. [PMID: 38483730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rida Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammadd Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Hammad HM, Nauman HMF, Abbas F, Jawad R, Farhad W, Shahid M, Bakhat HF, Farooque AA, Mubeen M, Fahad S, Cerda A. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on environment, society, and food security. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:99261-99272. [PMID: 36773256 PMCID: PMC9918832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is a viral and transferable disease caused by severe respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. It can spread through breathing droplets in human beings. It caused 5.32 million deaths around the world at the end of 2021. COVID-19 has caused several positive impacts as well, such as a reduction in air, water, and noise pollution. However, its negative impacts are by far critical such as increased death rate, increased release of microcontaminants (pesticides, biocides, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), flame retardants, and heavy metals), increased biomedical waste generation due to excessive use of safety equipment and its disposal, and municipal solid waste generation. Environmental pollution was significantly reduced due to lockdown during the COVID-19 period. Therefore, the quality of air and water improved. COVID-19 affected all sections of the population, particularly the most vulnerable members of society, and thus pushed more people into poverty. At the world level, it increased risks to food safety by increasing prices and lowering revenues, forcing households to reduce their food consumption in terms of quantity and quality. COVID-19 also upset various exercises e.g., horticulture, fisheries, domesticated animals, and agribusiness hence prohibiting the development of merchandise for poor-country ranchers. Most of the patients can self-recover from COVID-19 if they do not have any other diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart problems. Predictably, the appropriate execution of the proposed approaches (vaccination, wearing face masks, social distancing, sustainable industrialization) is helpful for worldwide environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhat Abbas
- College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, P.O. Box 24449, Qatar
| | - Rashid Jawad
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Sub-Campus Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Aitazaz A Farooque
- Canadian Center for Climate Change and Adaptation University of Prince Edward Island, St Peter's Bay, PE, Canada
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Artemi Cerda
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department de Geografia, Universitat de València, BlascoIbàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Majeed H, Qaisrani SA, Hammad HM, Amjad M, Ahmad I, Fahad S, Ahmad N, Nasim W. Assessment of land use/land cover changes and its effect on land surface temperature using remote sensing techniques in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:99202-99218. [PMID: 35768713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as a phenomenon which shows that microclimate of an urban system gets heated much faster than its surrounding rural climates. The expansion of buildings has a noteworthy influence on land use/land cover (LULC) due to conversion of vegetation land into commercial and residential areas and their associated infrastructure by which LST is accelerated. The objective of the research was to study the impact of changes in LULC on LST of Southern Punjab (Pakistan) through remote sensing (RS) data. Landsat images of 30-year duration (1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017) were employed for identifying vegetation indices and LST in the study region. These images also helped to work out normalized difference water index (NDWI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps. There was an increase from 29620 (3.63 %) to 88038 ha (10.8 %) in built-up area over the 30 years. LST values were found in the range 12-42 °C, 11-44 °C, 11-45 °C and 11-47 °C in the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017, respectively. Regression coefficients (R2) 0.81, 0.78, 0.84 and 0.76 were observed between NDVI and LST in the corresponding years respectively. Our study showed that NDVI and NDWI were negatively correlated with less LST; however, NDBI showed positive correlation with high LST. Our study gives critical information of LULC and LST and will be a helpful tool for policy makers for developing effective policies in managing land resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Fahad S, Nasim W, Hammad HM, Shah GM, Murtaza B, Tahir M, Parveen S. Using space-time scan statistic for studying the effects of COVID-19 in Punjab, Pakistan: a guideline for policy measures in regional agriculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:42495-42508. [PMID: 34800269 PMCID: PMC8605466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is included in top 50 countries which are estimated to face serious agriculture and food deficiency related challenges due to the worldwide pandemic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on food supply chain and agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan, by using space-time scan statistic (STSS). A survey was conducted at 720 points in different districts of the province. The STSS detected "active" and emerging clusters that are current at the end of our study area-particularly, 17 clusters were formed while adding the updated case data. Software ArcGIS 10.3 was used to find relative risk (RR) values; the maximum RR value was found to be 42.19 and maximum observed cases 53,265 during June 15-July 1, 2020. It was not always necessary that if the number of active cases in Punjab increased, there should be higher relative risk for more number of districts and vice versa. Due to the highest number of cases of COVID-19 and RR values during July, mostly farmers faced many difficulties during the cultivation of cotton and rice. Mostly farmers (72%) observed increase in prices of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) during lockdown. If the supply chain of agriculture related inputs is disturbed, farmers may find it quite difficult to access markets, which could result in a decline in production and sales of crops and livestock in study area. It is suggested that to protect the food security and to decrease the effect of the lockdown, Punjab government needs to review food policy and analyse how market forces will respond to the imbalanced storage facilities and capacity, supply and demand and price control of products. The findings of this study can also help policy-makers to formulate an effective food security and agriculture adaptation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saima Parveen
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan.
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Jawad R, Nawaz A, Ejaz S, Ali S, Saleem MS, Hammad HM. Zeolite amendment reduces lead accumulation and improves growth and yield in tomato plants irrigated with sewage water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:41970-41982. [PMID: 36640240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although sewage water (SW) is a source of nutrients, it also causes heavy metal accumulation in soil; especially, lead (Pb+) contamination of soil is a serious concern in agriculture. Soil contaminants limit the bioavailability of nutrients to plants. So, they affect plant growth and produce quality. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of zeolite soil amendment on the accumulation of Pb+ in tomato crop grown with SW irrigation. The pot media of SW-irrigated plants was amended with different concentrations of zeolite, viz., 0.75%, 1.50%, and 2.25%. The results showed that the application of 0.75% zeolite increased leaf area, plant height, fruit number, and plant fresh and dry biomasses by 37%, 17%, 14%, 24%, and 7% compared to freshwater irrigation. Moreover, the lowest zeolite dose also led to higher chlorophyll content (68.02 SPAD) compared to SW-irrigated plants (55.13 SPAD). Similarly physiological traits, such as A, gs, and E, were higher (17.68 µmol m-2 s-1, gs 0.28 mmol m-2 s-1, and 7.88 mmol m-2 s-1, respectively) in 0.75% zeolite-treated plants than in SW-irrigated plants (12.99 µmol m-2 s -1, 0.19 mmol m-2 s-1, and 7.00 mmol m-2 s -1, respectively). On the contrary, a reduced level of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in low-dose zeolite applied plants. Zeolite reduced Pb+ accumulation in tomato plants as compared to SW-irrigated plants, whereby Pb accumulation in the fruits of SW-irrigated plants was 80% more than those of zeolite + SW-treated plants. Conclusively, this study has revealed the improvement in morphological and physiological growth attributes of the SW-irrigated tomato plant in response to zeolite application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Jawad
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
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Irfan M, Dawar K, Fahad S, Mehmood I, Alamri S, Siddiqui MH, Saud S, Khattak JZK, Ali S, Hassan S, Nawaz T, Hammad HM, Banout J, Nasim W. Exploring the potential effect of Achnatherum splendens L.-derived biochar treated with phosphoric acid on bioavailability of cadmium and wheat growth in contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:37676-37684. [PMID: 35066844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar remediation efficiency could be enhanced through numerous treatments such as acids treatment. Still, there has little work done on H3PO4-treated biochar particularly biochar derived from Achnatherum splendens L. feedstock. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to further explore the potential effect of A. splendens L.-derived biochar treated with H3PO4 on bioavailability of Cd and wheat growth in Cd contaminated soil. Phosphoric acid and untreated biochar each applied at the rate of 1% and 2% to Cd contaminated/spiked soil in pots and having one contaminated/spiked control without biochars amendment. The results show that 2% phosphoric acid-treated biochar has the most significant increase in plant height, shoot dry weight, and grain yield of wheat as compared to contaminated control. As compared to contaminated control, maximum improvement in total chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance occurred with 2% phosphoric acid-treated biochar. The 2% phosphoric acid-treated biochar also declined bioavailable Cd in soil by 53%, and its accumulation in shoot and grain by 65% and 90%, respectively, compared to contaminated control. Overall, phosphoric acid-treated biochar most effectively immobilized Cd in soil and reducing its uptake and translocation to grains. Therefore, A. splendens L.-derived biochar treated with phosphoric acid could be successfully utilized for remediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Mehmood
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Shamsher Ali
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education & Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Jan Banout
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, IUB, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Natasha N, Shahid M, Bibi I, Iqbal J, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bakhat HF, Farooq ABU, Amjad M, Hammad HM, Niazi NK, Arshad M. Zinc in soil-plant-human system: A data-analysis review. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152024. [PMID: 34871690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the physiology and biochemistry of plants due to its established essentiality and toxicity for living beings at certain Zn concentration i.e., deficient or toxic over the optimum range. Being a vital cofactor of important enzymes, Zn participates in plant metabolic processes therefore, alters the biophysicochemical processes mediated by Zn-related enzymes/proteins. Excess Zn can provoke oxidative damage by enhancing the levels of reactive radicals. Hence, it is imperative to monitor Zn levels and associated biophysicochemical roles, essential or toxic, in the soil-plant interactions. This data-analysis review has critically summarized the recent literature of (i) Zn mobility/phytoavailability in soil (ii) molecular understanding of Zn phytouptake, (iii) uptake and distribution in the plants, (iv) essential roles in plants, (v) phyto-deficiency and phytotoxicity, (vi) detoxification processes to scavenge Zn phytotoxicity inside plants, and (vii) associated health hazards. The review especially compares the essential, deficient and toxic roles of Zn in biophysicochemical and detoxification processes inside the plants. To conclude, this review recommends some Zn-related research perspectives. Overall, this review reveals a thorough representation of Zn bio-geo-physicochemical interactions in soil-plant system using recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shreef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Hammad HM, Chawla MS, Jawad R, Alhuqail A, Bakhat HF, Farhad W, Khan F, Mubeen M, Shah AN, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Fahad S. Evaluating the Impact of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Productivity of Maize Under Control Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:885479. [PMID: 35685007 PMCID: PMC9172247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climatic conditions significantly affect the maize productivity. Among abiotic factors, nitrogen (N) fertilizer and temperature are the two important factors which dominantly affect the maize (Zea mays L.) production during the early crop growth stages. Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of N fertilizer and temperature on the maize growth and yield. In the first experiment, the maize hybrids were screened for their sensitivity to temperature variations. The screening was based on the growth performance of the hybrids under three temperatures (T 1 = ambient open-air temperature, T 2 = 1°C higher than the ambient temperature, and T 3 = 1°C lower than the ambient temperature) range. The results showed that an increase in temperature was resulted less 50% emergence and mean emergence (4.1 and 6.3 days, respectively), while emergence energy and full emergence were higher (25.4 and 75.2%, respectively) under the higher temperature exposure. The results showed that Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87 were temperature tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids, respectively. The second experiment was carried out to study the response of the two selected maize hybrids (Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87) to four N fertilizer applications. The results revealed that the maximum N use efficiency (19.5 kg kg-1) was achieved in maize hybrids with low N application (75 kg N ha-1 equivalent to 1.13 g N plant-1). However, the maximum maize grain yield (86.4 g plant-1), dry weight (203 g plant-1), and grain protein content (15.0%) were observed in maize hybrids that were grown with the application of 300 kg N ha-1 (equivalent to 4.52 g N plant-1). Therefore, it is recommended that the application of 300 kg N ha-1 to temperature tolerant maize hybrid may be considered best agricultural management practices for obtaining optimum maize grain yield under present changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Multan, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
| | - M. Shakeel Chawla
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
- Army Public School and College Mailsi Garrison, Mailsi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Jawad
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Alhuqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Faheema Khan
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Adnan N. Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew T. Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
- Shah Fahad
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10
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Ahmad S, Imran M, Murtaza B, Arshad M, Nawaz R, Waheed A, Hammad HM, Naeem MA, Shahid M, Niazi NK. Hydrogeochemical and health risk investigation of potentially toxic elements in groundwater along River Sutlej floodplain in Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:5195-5209. [PMID: 34009496 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical behavior is important because consumption of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs)-contaminated drinking water may induce several health problems for humans and animals. In the current study, we examined the potential groundwater contamination with various PTEs (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; copper, Cu; manganese; Mn) and the PTEs-induced health risk. Groundwater (n = 111) was characterized for total As, Cd, Cu, and Mn concentrations and other water quality attributes along the River Sutlej floodplain of Punjab, Pakistan. Results revealed that groundwater, which is used for drinking purpose, contained high concentrations of As and Cd (mean As: 33 µg/L, mean Cd: 3 µg/L), exceeding 100% and 32% than the World Health Organization's safe limits (10 and 3 µg/L, respectively) in drinking water. The other water quality attributes (i.e., EC, HCO3, Cl and SO4) were also found above their safe limits in most of the wells. Hydrogeochemical data showed that groundwater was dominated with Na-SO4, Na-Cl, Ca/Mg-CO3 type saline water. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indices values calculated for As and Cd indicated potential threat (carcinogenic risk > 0.0001 and non-carcinogenic risk > 1.0) of drinking groundwater in the study area. This study shows that the groundwater along River Sutlej floodplain poses a health threat to the communities relying on it for drinking and irrigation due to high concentrations of As and Cd in water. Moreover, it is important to monitor groundwater quality in the adjacent areas along River Sutlej floodplain and initiate suitable mitigation and remediation programs for the safety of people's health in Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Agriculture & Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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11
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Bakhat HF, Rasul K, Farooq ABU, Zia Z, Fahad S, Abbas S, Shah GM, Rabbani F, Hammad HM. Growth and physiological response of spinach to various lithium concentrations in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39717-39725. [PMID: 31713143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) exploitation for industrial and domestic use is resulting in a buildup of the element in various environmental components that results in potential toxicity to living systems. Therefore, a soil culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentration of Li (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg kg-1 soil) on spinach growth, the effects of Li uptake, and its effects on various physiological attributes of the crop. The results showed that lower levels of Li in soil (20 mg Li kg-1) improve the growth of spinach plants, while a higher concentration of applied Li enhanced the pigment contents. Higher concentrations of Li in soil interfered with potassium and calcium uptake in plants. Moreover, increasing Li concentration resulted in higher activities of antioxidant enzymes activity in spinach shoots. From these results, it is concluded that spinach shoot accumulated higher concentrations of Li without showing any visual toxicity symptoms. Therefore, the study concludes that Li ion was mostly deposited in leaves rather than in roots which may cause potential human health risk on the consumption of Li-contaminated plants. Therefore, the cultivation of leafy vegetables in Li-affected soils should be avoided to reduce the potential human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Kunwar Rasul
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakar Umar Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Zia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sunaina Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rabbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
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12
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Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Akram W, Hammad HM, Ali M, Masood N, Amin A, Farid HU, Sultana SR, Fahad S, Wang D, Nasim W. Using GIS tools to detect the land use/land cover changes during forty years in Lodhran District of Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39676-39692. [PMID: 31385244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Land use/land cover (LULC) change has serious implications for environment as LULC is directly related to land degradation over a period of time and results in many changes in the environment. Monitoring the locations and distributions of LULC changes is important for establishing links between regulatory actions, policy decisions, and subsequent LULC activities. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has the potential ability to identify the vegetation features of various eco-regions and provides valuable information as a remote sensing tool in studying vegetation phenology cycles. Similarly, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) may be used for quoting built-up land. This study aims to detect the pattern of LULC, NDBI, and NDVI change in Lodhran district, Pakistan, from the Landsat images taken over 40 years, considering four major LULC types as follows: water bodies, built-up area, bare soil, and vegetation. Supervised classification was applied to detect LULC changes observed over Lodhran district as it explains the maximum likelihood algorithm in software ERDAS imagine 15. Most farmers (46.6%) perceived that there have been extreme changes of onset of temperature, planting season, and less precipitation amount in Lodhran district in the last few years. In 2017, building areas increased (4.3%) as compared to 1977. NDVI values for Lodhran district were highest in 1977 (up to + 0.86) and lowest in 1997 (up to - 0.33). Overall accuracy for classification was 86% for 1977, 85% for 1987, 86% for 1997, 88% for 2007, and 95% for 2017. LULC change with soil types, temperature, and NDVI, NDBI, and slope classes was common in the study area, and the conversions of bare soil into vegetation area and built-up area were major changes in the past 40 years in Lodhran district. Lodhran district faces rising temperatures, less irrigation water, and low rainfall. Farmers are aware of these climatic changes and are adapting strategies to cope with the effects but require support from government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Masood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Asad Amin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Hafiz Umar Farid
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Refat Sultana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
- National Research Flagship, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Towoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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13
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Zamin M, Fahad S, Khattak AM, Adnan M, Wahid F, Raza A, Wang D, Saud S, Noor M, Bakhat HF, Mubeen M, Hammad HM, Soliman MH, Elkelish AA, Riaz M, Nasim W. Developing the first halophytic turfgrasses for the urban landscape from native Arabian desert grass. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39702-39716. [PMID: 31440967 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is occurring and is influencing biological systems through augmented temperatures, more inconstant precipitation, and rising CO2 in the atmosphere. For sustainable landscaping, it was essential to assess the diversity of native/wild grasses and their suitability for turf and to combat the salinity problem in the region. For this purpose, a native halophytic grass, Aeluropus lagopoides, was investigated by conducting mowing tests on its ecotypes during the year 2014-2016 under desert climatic conditions. The research was carried out in two phases, i.e. Phase-I was for collection and establishment of ecotypes from various parts of UAE, while in Phase-II, mowing tests were conducted. During mowing tests, 50 ecotypes of A. lagopoides were given various mowing treatments (i.e. they were cut back at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-cm heights) in field conditions. Significant differences were found among various ecotypes for different agronomic parameters such as ground cover, canopy stiffness, leaf number, clippings fresh and dry weights and internode length. Overall, the grass exhibited better performance at mowing heights of 3 and 4 cm, which are the standard mowing heights for turfgrasses. Ecotypes FA5, RA3, RUDA2, RUDA7 and RUADA1 of A. lagopoides showed the best performance against mowing shock and became the candidates for the turfgrass varieties from the native Arabian flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zamin
- Department of Arid land Agriculture, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Mateen Khattak
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Noor
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, El-Bahr, Yanbu, 46429, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr A Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, National Research Flagship, Towoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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14
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Abbas F, Hammad HM, Ishaq W, Farooque AA, Bakhat HF, Zia Z, Fahad S, Farhad W, Cerdà A. A review of soil carbon dynamics resulting from agricultural practices. J Environ Manage 2020; 268:110319. [PMID: 32510455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Literature related to the carbon cycle and climate contains contradictory results with regard to whether agricultural practices increase or mitigate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One opinion is that anthropogenic activities have distinct carbon footprints - measured as total emissions of GHGs resulting from an activity, in this case, "agricultural operations". In contrast, it is argued that agriculture potentially serves to mitigate GHGs emissions when the best management practices are implemented. We review the literature on agricultural carbon footprints in the context of agricultural practices including soil, water and nutrient management. It has been reported that the management practices that enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) in arid and semi-arid areas include conversion of conventional tillage practices to conservation tillage approaches. We found that agricultural management in arid and semi-arid regions, which have specific characteristics related to high temperatures and low rainfall conditions, requires different practices for maintenance and restoration of SOC and for control of soil erosion compared to those used in Mediterranean, tropical regions. We recommend that in order to meet the global climate targets, quantification of net global warming potential of agricultural practices requires precise estimates of local, regional and global carbon budgets. We have conducted and present a case study for observing the development of deep soil carbon profile resulting from a 10-year wheat-cotton and wheat-maize rotation on semi-arid lands. Results showed that no tillage with mulch application had 14% (37.2 vs 43.3 Mg ha-1) higher SOC stocks in comparison to conventional tillage with mulch application. By implementing no tillage in conjunction with mulch application, lower carbon losses from soil can mitigate the risks associated with global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider agricultural practices and soil erosion after a land-use change when calculating global carbon footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Wajid Ishaq
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Zahida Zia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Agronomy and Stress Physiology, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Sub-Campus Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department de Geografia, Universitat de València, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Hammad HM, Fasihuddin Nauman HM, Abbas F, Ahmad A, Bakhat HF, Saeed S, Shah GM, Ahmad A, Cerdà A. Carbon sequestration potential and soil characteristics of various land use systems in arid region. J Environ Manage 2020; 264:110254. [PMID: 32364955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soils contain one of the largest carbon (C) pools in the biosphere with the greatest potential of C sequestration to mitigate climate change impacts. The present study aimed at comparing C sequestration potential of various land use systems including forestlands, croplands, agroforests, and orchards in the arid region of Pakistan. Soil samples from the layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm depths were collected and analysed for soil physico-chemical properties namely texture, pH, EC, NPK-soil, organic matter (SOM), and soil organic C (SOC). Additionally, the above and below ground plant biomass and C contents were estimated. Results revealed that the highest C sequestration potential (64.54 Mg ha-1) was in the above ground biomass of forest land and the lowest (33.50 Mg ha-1) in cropland. The below ground plant biomass at 0-20 cm soil depth was 14.09, 12.38, 11.78, 11.76, and 10.92 Mg ha-1 for forest land, mango orchards, agroforests, citrus orchards and cropland, respectively. The respective values in case of total C content were, 6.84, 6.79, 6.10, 5.69 Mg ha-1. Irrespective to the soil depth, below ground biomass and total C followed the order: forest land > mango orchard > citrus orchard > agroforests > crop lands. It is concluded that the forest land have greater potential for C sequestration than the other land use systems studied in the arid region of Pakistan. Therefore, in order to cope up with climate change disasters in Pakistan the massive reforestation project - named the Billion Tree Tsunami of the Government of Pakistan will prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan.
| | | | - Farhat Abbas
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Agro-Climatology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Departament de Geografia, Universitat de València, BlascoIbàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Qasim MZ, Hammad HM, Abbas F, Saeed S, Bakhat HF, Nasim W, Farhad W, Rabbani F, Fahad S. The potential applications of picotechnology in biomedical and environmental sciences. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:133-142. [PMID: 31832939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Picotechnology development in vast disciplines is mainly attributed to the research and development (R and D) on nanotechnology. Being a parent technology, nanotechnology is the cornerstone of picotechnology. Like nanotechnology, the reference standard for picotechnology is nature, the cellular and subcellular functioning. Some studies have highlighted that the functional margin of similar type of molecules at picoscale (10-12) goes higher than at nanoscale (10-9). In this review, the potential applications of picotechnology have been evaluated especially in the disciplines of biomedical and environmental sciences. Extended surface area and improved electrical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties make picotechnological products even better than nanomaterials. The fundamental objective of this study is to bring the attention of the scientific world towards the picoscale interventions and to highlight the wide scope of picotechnology as a newly emerging technology with applications in numerous sectors. Picotechnology has made it possible to measure very small structure in advance biomedical and environmental sciences studies. Adequate developments in picotechnology will certainly change human lives in near future because it will make possible for the research world to dive into systems and structures on picoscale. It will render a platform through which explorers can travel into ultra-small areas, which will lead to the creation of new dimensions as well as new opportunities. Eventually, in future, the picotechnology will become smaller enough to give birth to femtotechnology (10-15) in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Qasim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Sub-Campus Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rabbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Fahad S, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari N, Hussain S, Khan IA, Saeed M, Saud S, Hassan S, Adnan M, Arif M, Alam M, Ullah H, Hakeem KR, Alharby H, Riaz M, Sameeullah M, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Ahmad S, Afzal M, Alghamdi SS, Bamagoos AA, Abd Allah EF, Huang J. Corrigendum to "Suppressing photorespiration for the improvement in photosynthesis and crop yields: A review on the role of S-allantoin as a nitrogen source" [YJEMA 237 (2019) 644-651]. J Environ Manage 2019; 241:501. [PMID: 31047769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan.
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory for Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticultural, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Agriculture Extension Department, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Alam
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 61100, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 61100, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Safer Alghamdi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianliang Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, China
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Akram R, Natasha, Fahad S, Hashmi MZ, Wahid A, Adnan M, Mubeen M, Khan N, Rehmani MIA, Awais M, Abbas M, Shahzad K, Ahmad S, Hammad HM, Nasim W. Trends of electronic waste pollution and its impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16923-16938. [PMID: 31025281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is used for all electronic/electrical devices which are no more used. Conventionally, waste management policies are desfighandle the traditional waste. Although e-waste contains toxic materials, however, its management is rarely focused by policy makers; therefore, its negative impact on the global environment, ecosystem, and human health is aggravated. The review outlines the categories of e-waste materials, major pollutants including ferrous/non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, printed circuit boards, cement, ceramic, and rubber beside, some valuable metals (such as copper, silver, gold, platinum). Toxic elements from e-waste materials, released in the air, water, and soil, include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead, causing pollution. Although their roles in biological systems are poorly identified, however, they possess significant toxic and carcinogenic potential. It is therefore critical to monitor footprint and device strategies to address e-waste-linked issues from manufacturing, exportation, to ultimate dumping, including technology transmissions for its recycling. This review traces a plausible link among e-waste condition at a worldwide dimension, as far as settlement procedures to keep it secure and carefully monitored when traded. Their fate in the three spheres of the earth, i.e., water, soil, and air, impacts human health. The strategies and regulation to handle e-waste generation at the global level have been discussed. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammadd Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Fahad S, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari N, Hussain S, Khan IA, Saeed M, Saud S, Hassan S, Adnan M, Arif M, Alam M, Ullah H, Hakeem KR, Alharby H, Riaz M, Sameeullah M, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Ahmad S, Afzal M, Alghamdi SS, Bamagoos AA, Abd Allah EF, Huang J. Suppressing photorespiration for the improvement in photosynthesis and crop yields: A review on the role of S-allantoin as a nitrogen source. J Environ Manage 2019; 237:644-651. [PMID: 30870683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variations resulting in biotic and abiotic stresses demand adaptive changes in the photosynthetic machinery. To cope with these challenges, plant scientists are constantly striving to enhance photosynthetic activity. The photorespiration pathway, which fixes O2 and releases CO2 in C3 plants, competes with photosynthesis. One method to increase yield would be to enhance photosynthesis by engineering the photorespiratory pathway. To date, three engineered photorespiratory pathways have been produced, of which two have been proven experimentally in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. These approaches might be helpful in enhancing crop resilience to future environmental challenges. In partially photorespiratory suppressed plants, it is hypothesized that a gene cluster may have formed between bacterial glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), glyoxylate carboligase (GCL), and tartronic semi aldehyde (TSR) genes with Arabidopsis allantoin degradation genes like Arabidopsis allantoinase (AtALN) to utilize S-allantoin as a source of nitrogen. Observations of the use of allantoin as an exclusive source of nitrogen or energy by Arabidopsis and Escherichia coli led us to propose a genetic switch control model between nitrogen assimilation and energy producing pathways in partially photorespiratory suppressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan.
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory for Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticultural, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Agriculture Extension Department, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Alam
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 61100, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 61100, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Safer Alghamdi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud-123, Oman
| | - Jianliang Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, China.
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Hammad HM, Ashraf M, Abbas F, Bakhat HF, Qaisrani SA, Mubeen M, Fahad S, Awais M. Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: a case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:11674-11685. [PMID: 30888616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the life-threatening issues facing rural as well as sub-/urban communities. Several factors contribute to RTAs ranging from human to technical and natural/environmental impacts. Anthropogenic air pollution and corresponding environmental factors also increase the probability of RTAs. Current study reports the relationship of the weather conditions to RTAs. The study establishes the relevancy of different weather conditions like rainfall, temperature, fog, and wind storm with the incidences of RTAs in rural and urban settings of Vehari, Punjab-Pakistan. The results of the study showed that rainfall, severe coldness, fog, and heat conditions were directly related with the occurrence of RTAs. The percentage of RTAs which occurred due to fog, rainfall, temperature, and other weather-related factors was 34, 25, 21, and 20%, respectively. The age of the driver significantly correlated (R2 = 0.60) with RTAs; the drivers in the age group 40-60 years caused the least RTAs during their drive. Since the smaller vehicles were involved in maximum RTAs, it relates negatively (R2 = 0.82) to vehicles power. Among different vehicles motor bikes were involved in most (42%) of the reported RTAs. Therefore, during severe weather conditions, vehicles with smaller size and young drivers must be dealt with carefully while interacting (crossing, overtaking, and maneuvering) on the roads regardless of rural or urban conditions. Factors including civic sense, traffic education, vehicle size, drivers' maturity, road conditions, and environmental impacts may be considered while designing traffic rules and traffic aware campaigns specific for developing countries such as Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saeed A Qaisrani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Shah GM, Tufail N, Bakhat HF, Ahmad I, Shahid M, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Waqar A, Rizwan M, Dong R. Composting of municipal solid waste by different methods improved the growth of vegetables and reduced the health risks of cadmium and lead. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:5463-5474. [PMID: 30610583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reutilization of putrescible municipal solid wastes (MSW) in agriculture can provide valuable plant nutrients. However, it may pose serious noncarcinogenic health risks for a human when contaminants, especially the heavy metals in MSW, end up in plants through the waste-soil-plant continuum. This study examined the effects of composting methods viz. aerobically (AC), anaerobically (ANC), and aerobic-anaerobically (AANC) composted MSW material on (i) fertilizer value: vegetable yield, nitrogen (N) mineralization, and apparent N recovery (ANR); and (ii) associated health risks: selected heavy metal concentration, daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), hazard index (HI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) when applied to a loamy soil. All the aforementioned compost materials were incorporated into the sandy loam soil filled in pots and carrot and spinach were cultivated for 85 and 90 days, respectively. After soil application, between 51 and 56% of the applied organic N was mineralized from ANC material, while the values in case of AC and AANC were 26-31% and 34-40%, respectively. Consequently, dry matter yield and vegetable N uptake from composts were in the order ANC > AANC > AC (P < 0.05). Further, vegetable ANR was the highest from ANC (56 and 56%) than AANC (42 and 45%), and AC (30 and 33%) for spinach and carrot, respectively (P < 0.05). Interestingly, plant uptake of lead and cadmium was lowest from ANC as compared to AC or AANC (P < 0.05), irrespective of the vegetable type. Consequently, DIM, HRI, and THQ for these metals were substantially lower in the former as compared to the latter compost materials. Further, HI from ANC material was 50% lower over the unfertilized control indicating the absence of noncarcinogenic human health risks via vegetable intake. This all indicates that from viewpoint of sustainable waste recycling in agriculture, anaerobic composting is superior to the other composting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nadia Tufail
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Atika Waqar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Renjie Dong
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
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Wang D, Fahad S, Saud S, Kamran M, Khan A, Khan MN, Hammad HM, Nasim W. Morphological acclimation to agronomic manipulation in leaf dispersion and orientation to promote "Ideotype" breeding: Evidence from 3D visual modeling of "super" rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:499-510. [PMID: 30459081 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security is confronted by major threats from crop yield stagnation and global climate change. The benefits of phenotypic plasticity across environments for given crop genotypes are thought to be imperative for high-yielding cropping systems. Given that 3D modeling is increasingly recognized for dissecting crop phenotypic plasticity, it requires an assessment of the potential benefits of architectural adaptation of super rice to different agronomic practices. In this study, we focused on a comprehensive evaluation of the phenotypic plasticity of super rice on the aspects of 3D architectural "reoptimization," photosynthetic productivity, nitrogen economy, and grain yield. A super rice phenotype in superhigh-yielding practice (SH) displays a "reoptimized" morphogenesis in the leaf vertical dispersion and orientation in comparison to that in Farmer's practice (FP). Specifically, a super rice phenotype in SH is provided with a high cumulative rate and peaks of leaf area, increasing the distribution of high leaf inclination angles in comparison to that in FP, particularly in the upper parts of the canopy. These "reoptimizations" sustained profits in light environment within a canopy, leaf area duration, photosynthetic light harvest, and light utilization efficiency and were coordinated with improving nitrogen uptake and assimilation. The current literature indicates that the agronomic plasticity of super rice in architectural "reoptimization" is a promising perspective for high yield formation. Our results suggest that more emphasis should be placed upon agronomic adaptation strategies for super rice across diverse genotypes and environments to further improve crop establishment and photosynthetic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China.
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Palhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
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Adak M, Aditya TL, Adnan M, Ahmad S, Ahmed M, Akram R, Alam M, Hossain MA, Alharby HF, Ali MA, Ali M, Ali S, Amanullah, Amin A, Amitha Mithra S, Anee TI, Ansar Ali M, Arif M, Arif MS, Ashraf MA, Bakhat HF, Banerjee A, Bararpour T, Basir A, Bhandari H, Bhuiyan TF, Biswas JC, Biswas JK, Biswas PS, Borgohain D, Bukhari SA, Chakraborty K, Chattopadhyay K, Chaturvedi V, Choudhury S, Datir S, De AK, Dubey RS, Fahad S, Fahimirad S, Farooq MA, Fujita M, Ghorbanpour M, Ghosh A, Gill RA, Gupta M, Gupta P, Gupta S, Hakeem KR, Halder T, Hammad HM, Hannan F, Hasanuzzaman M, Hasnu S, Hassan S, Hidayatullah, Hu L, Huang J, Hussain I, Hussain S, Hussain S, Iftekharuddaula K, Ihsan MZ, Ihtisham M, Ijaz M, Ijaz M, Iqbal M, Islam F, Ismail A, Jamal Y, Jan A, Jan M, Jan T, Jini D, Joseph B, Kabir MS, Kadir NA, Kaleem S, Kalita J, Kamran M, Kasajima I, Kaur G, Kaur N, Khan IA, Khan MH, Khan MJ, Khan MA, Khan SU, Khare T, Khatun H, Korres NE, Kumar N, Kumar V, Lahkar L, Lam SS, Li L, Li M, Long M, Ma NL, Mahalder BK, Mahmood R, Mahmood-ur-Rahman, Malik K, Mallick S, Maqbool MM, Masood N, Mian IA, Mohammed AR, Morita S, Mubarik MS, Mubeen M, Mwamba TM, Nahar K, Naher U, Nasim W, Nessa B, Niazi NK, Noor M, Nordin MMA, Nyong’a TM, Panda D, Panda SK, Pandey P, Panthri M, Pareek A, Parmar B, Pati PK, Pradhan AK, Prakash C, Price AJ, Qamar S, Rahman IU, Rahman MS, Rasheed R, Rashid MM, Rasool A, Rasul F, Ray S, Rehman A, Riaz M, Rizwan M, Roychoudhury A, Roychowdhury R, Saha I, Salam MU, Saleem I, Sandhu N, Sarkar B, Sarkar MAR, Sarkar R, Saud S, Sevanthi AM, Shah K, Shah Z, Shahzad B, Shahzad SM, Shakoor MB, Shalahuddin A, Shandilya ZM, Shanmugavadivel P, Shriram V, Sihag MK, Singh V, Singla-Pareek SL, Slaton NA, Sultana SR, Tan SH, Tanti B, Tanveer M, Tarpley L, Turan V, Ullah H, Upadhyaya H, ur Rahman MH, Varanasi VK, Wahid F, Wan G, Wang D, Wang J, Wu C, Xu L, Yadav C, Yang C, Yang P, Yasmeen R, Yasmeen T, Zhou W. List of Contributors. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 2019:xxix-xli. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814332-2.00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Farhad W, Cheema MA, Hammad HM, Saleem MF, Fahad S, Abbas F, Khosa I, Bakhat HF. Influence of composted poultry manure and irrigation regimes on some morpho-physiology parameters of maize under semiarid environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19918-19931. [PMID: 29740768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure (PM), a rich source for crop nutrients, is produced in ample quantities worldwide. It provides necessary nutrient to soil and has a potential to improve plant water holding availability under semiarid environment. The effect of composted poultry manure (CPM) and irrigation regimes on morpho-physiology of selective maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (H1 = drought tolerant, H2 = drought sensitive) was investigated in this study. Two field experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 under randomized complete block design with split split-plot arrangements and three replications of each treatment. Irrigation regimes (I1 = 300, I2 = 450, I3 = 600 mm) were kept in main plots; the two maize hybrids (H1 and H2) in sub-plots and nutrient levels (L1 = recommended rate of NPK (control), L2 = 8 t ha-1 CPM, L3 = 10 t ha-1 CPM, and L4 = 12 t ha-1 CPM) were arranged in sub sub-plots. The drought tolerant hybrid showed best growth under all treatments. Results revealed that maximum leaf area index (LAI) was recorded with the application of the recommended dose of NPK. Low irrigation regimes (I1 and I2) highly significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the photosynthesis and transpiration rate in both hybrids while application of 12 t ha-1 CPM was able to partially alleviate the effect of water stress on these parameters. Resultantly, the application of 12 t ha-1 CPM enhanced the plant growth and increased grain yield (21%; 4.17 vs 5.27) under limited water availability (I2L4) as compared to the recommended dose of NPK (I2L1). However, the nutrient application under control treatment had maximum grain yield. Therefore, shortage of water for maize production might be partially alleviated by the application of 12 t ha-1 CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Farhad
- Department of Agronomy, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23560, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ikramullah Khosa
- Department of Agriculture Research Quetta, Blochistan, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Awais M, Wajid A, Saleem MF, Nasim W, Ahmad A, Raza MAS, Bashir MU, Mubeen M, Hammad HM, Habib Ur Rahman M, Saeed U, Arshad MN, Hussain J. Potential impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies for sunflower in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:13719-13730. [PMID: 29508194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth, development, and economic yield of agricultural crops rely on moisture, temperature, light, and carbon dioxide concentration. However, the amount of these parameters is varying with time due to climate change. Climate change is factual and ongoing so, first principle of agronomy should be to identify climate change potential impacts and adaptation measures to manage the susceptibilities of agricultural sector. Crop models have ability to predict the crop's yield under changing climatic conditions. We used OILCROP-SUN model to simulate the influence of elevated temperature and CO2 on crop growth duration, maximum leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and achene yield of sunflower under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan (Faisalabad, Punjab). The model was calibrated and validated with the experimental data of 2012 and 2013, respectively. The simulation results showed that phenological events of sunflower were not changed at higher concentration of CO2 (430 and 550 ppm). However LAI, achene yield, and TDM increased by 0.24, 2.41, and 4.67% at 430 ppm and by 0.48, 3.09, and 9.87% at 550 ppm, respectively. Increased temperature (1 and 2 °C) reduced the sunflower duration to remain green that finally led to less LAI, achene yield, and TDM as compared to present conditions. However, the drastic effects of increased temperature on sunflower were reduced to some extent at 550 ppm CO2 concentration. Evaluation of different adaptation options revealed that 21 days earlier (as compared to current sowing date) planting of sunflower crop with increased plant population (83,333 plants ha-1) could reduce the yield losses due to climate change. Flowering is the most critical stage of sunflower to water scarcity. We recommended skipping second irrigation or 10% (337.5 mm) less irrigation water application to conserve moisture under possible water scarce conditions of 2025 and 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Wajid
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Saleem
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- CIHEAM-Institute Agronomique Mediterraneen de Montpellier (IAMM), 34090, Montpellier, France
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Climate Change, U.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Bashir
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Saeed
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Arshad
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- John Muir Institute of Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamshad Hussain
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nasim W, Ahmad A, Amin A, Tariq M, Awais M, Saqib M, Jabran K, Shah GM, Sultana SR, Hammad HM, Rehmani MIA, Hashmi MZ, Rahman MHU, Turan V, Fahad S, Suad S, Khan A, Ali S. Radiation efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer impacts on sunflower crop in contrasting environments of Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1822-1836. [PMID: 29103112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in Pakistan. Nitrogen fertilizer can affect plant growth and productivity by changing canopy size which has an effect on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of the crop. The response of sunflower hybrids in terms of phenology, fraction of intercepted radiation (F i), and RUE to nitrogenous rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) was studied in three field experiments conducted in three various environments: Multan (arid), Faisalabad (semi-arid), and Gujranwala (sub-humid) during spring seasons 2008 and 2009. The treatments were laid out according to a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements, keeping the sunflower hybrids in main plots and nitrogen rates in sub-plots, and replicated three times. The results showed Hysun-38 took a maximum number of days to anthesis (101) as compared to Pioneer-64A93 (100) and Hysun-33 (99). The mean values of F i were 0.850, 0.903, and 0.978, and the estimated values of RUE for total aboveground dry matter were 2.14, 2.47, and 2.65 g MJ-1 at experimental locations of Multan, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala, respectively. The values of RUE for grain yield (RUEGY) were 0.78, 0.98, and 1.26 g MJ-1 at experimental locations of Multan, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala, respectively. The average RUEGY values over three locations were 2.61, 2.60, 2.43, and 2.36 g MJ-2 in N4 (180 kg ha-1), N5 (240 kg ha-1), N3 (120 kg ha-1), and N2 (60 kg ha-1) treatments, respectively. Increasing rates of N increased RUEGY over the standard treatment N3 (120 kg N ha-1); however, the averaged values over three locations were 1.22, 1.08, 0.99, and 0.92 g MJ-2 in N4, N5, N3, and N2 treatments, respectively. Therefore, optimum water and N doses are important for attaining higher RUE, which may enhance sunflower growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Mediterraneen de Montpellier (IAMM), Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (USPCAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Asad Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Agronomy Section, Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Refat Sultana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Veysel Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Division of Soil Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Suad
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shahzad Ali
- The Chinese Institute of Water-saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zia Z, Bakhat HF, Saqib ZA, Shah GM, Fahad S, Ashraf MR, Hammad HM, Naseem W, Shahid M. Effect of water management and silicon on germination, growth, phosphorus and arsenic uptake in rice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 144:11-18. [PMID: 28599126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the 2nd most abundant element in soil which is known to enhance stress tolerance in wide variety of crops. Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid enters into the human food chain through contaminated water and food or feed. To alleviate the deleterious effect of As on human health, it is a need of time to find out an effective strategy to reduce the As accumulation in the food chain. The experiments were conducted during September-December 2014, and 2016 to optimize Si concentration for rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to As stress. Further experiment were carried out to evaluate the effect of optimum Si on rice seed germination, seedling growth, phosphorus and As uptake in rice plant. During laboratory experiment, rice seeds were exposed to 150 and 300µM As with and without 3mM Si supplementation. Results revealed that As application, decreased the germination up to 40-50% as compared to control treatment. Arsenic stress also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the seedling length but Si supplementation enhanced the seedlings length. Maximum seedling length (4.94cm) was recorded for 3mM Si treatment while, minimum seedling length (0.60cm) was observed at day7 by the application of 300µM As. Silicon application resulted in 10% higher seedling length than the control treatment. In soil culture experiment, plants were exposed to same concentrations of As and Si under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Irrigation water management, significantly (P˂0.05) affected the plant growth, Si and As concentrations in the plant. Arsenic uptake was relatively less under aerobic conditions. The maximum As concentration (9.34 and 27.70mgkg DW-1 in shoot and root, respectively) was found in plant treated with 300µM As in absence of Si under anaerobic condition. Similarly, anaerobic condition resulted in higher As uptake in the plants. The study demonstrated that aerobic cultivation is suitable to decrease the As uptake and in rice exogenous Si supply is beneficial to decrease As uptake under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Zia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib
- Saline Agriculture Research Center (SARC), Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub-campus Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Naseem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari, Pakistan
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Awais M, Wajid A, Bashir MU, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Raza MAS, Ahmad A, Saleem MF, Hammad HM, Mubeen M, Saeed U, Arshad MN, Fahad S, Nasim W. Nitrogen and plant population change radiation capture and utilization capacity of sunflower in semi-arid environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:17511-17525. [PMID: 28593549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The combination of nitrogen and plant population expresses the spatial distribution of crop plants. The spatial distribution influences canopy structure and development, radiation capture, accumulated intercepted radiation (Sa), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and subsequently dry matter production. We hypothesized that the sunflower crop at higher plant populations and nitrogen (N) rates would achieve early canopy cover, capture more radiant energy, utilize radiation energy more efficiently, and ultimately increase economic yield. To investigate the above hypothesis, we examined the influences of leaf area index (LAI) at different plant populations (83,333, 66,666, and 55,555 plants ha-1) and N rates (90, 120, and 150 kg ha-1) on radiation interception (Fi), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulation (Sa), total dry matter (TDM), achene yield (AY), and RUE of sunflower. The experimental work was conducted during 2012 and 2013 on sandy loam soil in Punjab, Pakistan. The sunflower crop captured more than 96% of incident radiant energy (mean of all treatments), 98% with a higher plant population (83,333 plants ha-1), and 97% with higher N application (150 kg ha-1) at the fifth harvest (60 days after sowing) during both study years. The plant population of 83,333 plants ha-1 with 150 kg N ha-1 ominously promoted crop, RUE, and finally productivity of sunflower (AY and TDM). Sunflower canopy (LAI) showed a very close and strong association with Fi (R 2 = 0.99 in both years), PAR (R 2 = 0.74 and 0.79 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), TDM (R 2 = 0.97 in 2012 and 0.91 in 2013), AY (R 2 = 0.95 in both years), RUE for TDM (RUETDM) (R 2 = 0.63 and 0.71 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), and RUE for AY (RUEAY) (R 2 = 0.88 and 0.87 in 2012 and 2013, respectively). Similarly, AY (R 2 = 0.73 in 2012 and 0.79 in 2013) and TDM (R 2 = 0.75 in 2012 and 0.84 in 2013) indicated significant dependence on PAR accumulation of sunflower. High temperature during the flowering stage in 2013 shortened the crop maturity duration, which reduced the LAI, leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), TDM, AY, Fi, Sa, and RUE of sunflower. Our results clearly revealed that RUE was enhanced as plant population and N application rates were increased and biomass assimilation in semi-arid environments varied with radiation capture capacity of sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Wajid
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California (UC), Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Usman Bashir
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Saleem
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Umer Saeed
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Arshad
- Agro-climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California (UC), Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institute Agronomique Mediterraneen de Montpellier (IAMM), 34090, Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
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Bakhat HF, Zia Z, Fahad S, Abbas S, Hammad HM, Shahzad AN, Abbas F, Alharby H, Shahid M. Arsenic uptake, accumulation and toxicity in rice plants: Possible remedies for its detoxification: A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:9142-9158. [PMID: 28160172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid. Serious concerns have been raised in literature owing to its potential toxicity towards living beings. The metalloid causes various water- and food-borne diseases. Among food crops, rice contains the highest concentrations of As. Consuming As-contaminated rice results in serious health issues. Arsenic concentration in rice is governed by various factors in the rhizosphere such as availability and concentration of various mineral nutrients (iron, phosphate, sulfur and silicon) in soil solution, soil oxidation/reduction status, inter-conversion between organic and inorganic As compounds. Agronomic and civil engineering methods can be adopted to decrease As accumulation in rice. Agronomic methods such as improving soil porosity/aeration by irrigation management or creating the conditions favorable for As-precipitate formation, and decreasing As uptake and translocation by adding a inorganic nutrients that compete with As are easy and cost effective techniques at field scale. This review focuses on the factors regulating and competing As in soil-plant system and As accumulation in rice grains. Therefore, it is suggested that judicious use of water, management of soil, antagonistic effects of various inorganic plant-nutrients to As should be considered in rice cultivated areas to mitigate the building up of As in human food chain and with minimum negative impact to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Zahida Zia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Sunaina Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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30
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Abbas F, Hammad HM, Fahad S, Cerdà A, Rizwan M, Farhad W, Ehsan S, Bakhat HF. Agroforestry: a sustainable environmental practice for carbon sequestration under the climate change scenarios-a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:11177-11191. [PMID: 28281063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system with a promising potential to sequester atmospheric carbon into soil. This system of land use distinguishes itself from the other systems, such as sole crop cultivation and afforestation on croplands only through its potential to sequester higher amounts of carbon (in the above- and belowground tree biomass) than the aforementioned two systems. According to Kyoto protocol, agroforestry is recognized as an afforestation activity that, in addition to sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) to soil, conserves biodiversity, protects cropland, works as a windbreak, and provides food and feed to human and livestock, pollen for honey bees, wood for fuel, and timber for shelters construction. Agroforestry is more attractive as a land use practice for the farming community worldwide instead of cropland and forestland management systems. This practice is a win-win situation for the farming community and for the environmental sustainability. This review presents agroforestry potential to counter the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 by sequestering it in above- and belowground biomass. The role of agroforestry in climate change mitigation worldwide might be recognized to its full potential by overcoming various financial, technical, and institutional barriers. Carbon sequestration in soil by various agricultural systems can be simulated by various models but literature lacks reports on validated models to quantify the agroforestry potential for carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Departament de Geografia, Universitat de València, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Department of Agronomy, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ehsan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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31
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Amin A, Nasim W, Mubeen M, Nadeem M, Ali L, Hammad HM, Sultana SR, Jabran K, Rehman MHU, Ahmad S, Awais M, Rasool A, Fahad S, Saud S, Shah AN, Ihsan Z, Ali S, Bajwa AA, Hakeem KR, Ameen A, Rehman HU, Alghabar F, Jatoi GH, Akram M, Khan A, Islam F, Ata-Ul-Karim ST, Rehmani MIA, Hussain S, Razaq M, Fathi A. Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:5811-5823. [PMID: 28054268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the cultivars performed best at medium rate of P application (57 kg ha-1) in terms of days to anthesis, days to maturity, seed cotton yield, total dry matter production, and harvest index during 2013 and 2014. Cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of different yield components. There was a good agreement between observed and simulated days to anthesis (0 to 1 day), days to maturity (0 to 2 days), seed cotton yield, total dry matter, and harvest index with an error of -4.4 to 15%, 12-7.5%, and 13-9.5% in MNH-886 and for FH-142, 4-16%, 19-11%, and 16-8.3% for growing years 2013 and 2014, respectively. CROPGRO-Cotton-P would be a useful tool to forecast cotton yield under different levels of P in cotton production system of the semi-arid climate of Southern Punjab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Adaptive Research Farm, Punjab Agriculture Department, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Refat Sultana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - M Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350-8694, USA
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahwalpur-Pakistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Atta Rasool
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zahid Ihsan
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Ali
- The Chinese Institute of Water-saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ali Ahsan Bajwa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ameen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Alghabar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Hussain Jatoi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Hydrabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Khan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germpalsm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Sajid Hussain
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Razaq
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forest University, Harbin, China
| | - Amin Fathi
- Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
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Hammad HM, Farhad W, Abbas F, Fahad S, Saeed S, Nasim W, Bakhat HF. Maize plant nitrogen uptake dynamics at limited irrigation water and nitrogen. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2549-2557. [PMID: 27826823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the dynamics of plant nitrogen (N) uptake at varying irrigation water levels is critical for strategizing increased N recovery efficiency (NRE), water use efficiency (WUE), and maize yield. The N dynamics were studied under various irrigation regimes to evaluate NRE, WUE, and maize yield. A pot experiment was conducted using three irrigation water regimes (50, 75, and 100% field capacity (FC)) and four N fertilizer rates (0, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 g pot-1) applied with two fertilizer application methods including foliar and soil applications. The highest plant growth and grain yields were achieved by application of 4.8 g N pot-1 with 100% FC. Contrarily, the maximum WUE (7.0 g L-1) was observed by the lowest irrigation water (50% FC) with the highest N fertilizer rates (4.8 g pot-1). Nitrogen concentration in the stem and grain was linearly increased by increasing N fertilizer rates with irrigation water. However, in the root, N concentration was decreased when the crop was supplied with 100% FC. In plant, maximum N uptake (6.5 mg g-1) was observed when 4.8 g N pot-1 was applied with 100% FC. Nitrogen recovery efficiency was increased by increasing N rate up to 3.2 g pot-1 with 100% FC. Therefore, for achieving maximum WUE and NRE, the highest water and N applications, respectively, are not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Department of Agronomy, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Agriculture University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Agriculture, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Hammad HM, Abbas F, Ahmad A, Fahad S, Laghari KQ, Alharby H, Farhad W. The effect of nutrients shortage on plant's efficiency to capture solar radiations under semi-arid environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:20497-20505. [PMID: 27460029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is considered critical for calculation of crop yield. The crop productivity can be improved by increasing the interception of solar radiation and maintaining higher RUE for plants. Irrigation water and nitrogen (N) supply are the main limiting factors for RUE in maize (Zea mays L.) across the semi-arid environments. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2009-2010) to optimize RUE in relation to N application timings and rates with varying irrigation water management practices. In experiment 1, three N application timings were made, while in experiment 2, three possible water management practices were used. In both experiments, five N rates (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg N ha-1) were applied to evaluate the effects of irrigation water and N on cumulative photosynthetic active radiation (PARi), dry matter RUE (RUEDM), and grain yield RUE (RUEGY). The results demonstrated that cumulative PARi and RUEs were not constant during the plant growth under varying the nutrients. The water and N significantly influenced cumulative PARi and RUEs during the both growing seasons. In experiment 1, the maximum cumulative PARi was observed by application of 250 kg N ha-1 in three splits (1/3 N at V2, 1/3 N at V16, and 1/3 N at R1 stage), and the highest RUEDM was achieved by the application of 300 kg N ha-1. However, the highest RUEGY was observed by application of 250 kg N ha-1. In experiment 2, the maximum cumulative PARi was attained at normal irrigation regime with 250 kg N ha-1, while the highest RUEDM and RUEGY were recorded at normal irrigation regime with the application of 300 kg N ha-1. The regression analysis showed significant and positive correlation of RUEGY with grain yield. Therefore, optimum water and N doses are important for attaining higher RUE, which may enhance maize grain yield semi-arid environment; this may be considered in formulating good agricultural practices for the environmental conditions resembling to those of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, 99350, USA.
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Agro-Climatology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Khalifa Qasim Laghari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, 90150, Blochistan, Pakistan
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Nasim W, Belhouchette H, Tariq M, Fahad S, Hammad HM, Mubeen M, Munis MFH, Chaudhary HJ, Khan I, Mahmood F, Abbas T, Rasul F, Nadeem M, Bajwa AA, Ullah N, Alghabari F, Saud S, Mubarak H, Ahmad R. Correlation studies on nitrogen for sunflower crop across the agroclimatic variability. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:3658-3670. [PMID: 26498803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important yield limiting factor for sunflower production. The correlation between yield components and growth parameters of three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38, Pioneer-64A93) were studied with five N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha(-1)) at three different experimental sites during the two consecutive growing seasons 2008 and 2009. The results revealed that total dry matter (TDM) production and grain yield were positively and linearly associated with leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), and crop growth rate (CGR) at all three sites of the experiments. The significant association of yield with growth components indicated that the humid climate was most suitable for sunflower production. Furthermore, the association of these components can be successfully used to predict the grain yield under diverse climatic conditions. The application of N at increased rate of 180 kg ha(-1) resulted in maximum yield as compared to standard rate (120 kg ha(-1)) at all the experimental sites. In this way, N application rate was significantly correlated with growth and development of sunflower under a variety of climatic conditions. Keeping in view such relationship, the N dose can be optimized for sunflower crop in a particular region to maximize the productivity. Multilocation trails help to predict the input rates precisely while taking climatic variations into account also. In the long run, results of this study provides basis for sustainable sunflower production under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
- CIHEAM-IAMM, 3191 Route de Mende, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Muhammad Tariq
- Agronomy Section, Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Abbas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIIT, Lahore, Pakistan
- PETRONAS Ionic Liquid Center, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh, Malaysia
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
- Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiatives, Grenfell Campus Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Ali Ahsan Bajwa
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, The Universityof Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fahad Alghabari
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology,Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hussani Mubarak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Maazi H, Shirinbak S, Willart M, Hammad HM, Cabanski M, Boon L, Ganesh V, Baru AM, Hansen G, Lambrecht BN, Sparwasser T, Nawijn MC, van Oosterhout AJM. Contribution of regulatory T cells to alleviation of experimental allergic asthma after specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1519-28. [PMID: 22994349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been used since 1911, yet its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. There is evidence indicating that CD4(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are induced during SIT in allergic patients. However, the contribution of these cells to SIT has not been evaluated in vivo. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo contribution of (i) CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells during SIT and of (ii) SIT-generated inducible FOXP3(+) Treg cells during allergen exposure to SIT-mediated suppression of asthmatic manifestations. METHODS We used a mouse model of SIT based on the classical OVA-driven experimental asthma. Treg cells were quantified by flow cytometry 24 and 96 h post SIT treatment. We depleted CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells prior to SIT, and CD4(+)FOXP3(+) T cells prior to allergen challenges to study their contribution to the suppression of allergic manifestations by SIT treatment. RESULTS Our data show that depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells at the time of SIT treatment reverses the suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but not of airway eosinophilia and specific IgE levels in serum. Interestingly, the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells is transiently increased after SIT in the spleen and blood, suggesting the generation of inducible and presumably allergen-specific Treg cells during treatment. Depletion of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells after SIT treatment partially reverses the SIT-induced suppression of airway eosinophilia, but not of AHR and serum levels of specific IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We conclude that SIT-mediated tolerance induction towards AHR requires CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells at the time of allergen injections. In addition, SIT generates CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells that contribute to the suppression of airway eosinophilia upon allergen challenges. Therefore, enhancing Treg cell number or their activity during and after SIT could be of clinical relevance to improve the therapeutic effects of SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maazi
- Laboratory of Allergology & Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hammad HM, Ebadi M. The synthesis and subcellular distribution of pyridoxal phosphate in rat and bovine retinas. Neurochem Int 2012; 6:569-72. [PMID: 20488084 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(84)90130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/1983] [Accepted: 02/10/1984] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of any known studies dealing with status of vitamin B(6) metabolism in mammalian retinas, the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate and the activity of its synthesizing enzyme pyridoxal kinase were determined in rat retina and bovine retina and its subcellular compartments. In bovine retina, the highest concentration of pyridoxal phosphate (148 pmol/mg protein) was present in pellet 2 fraction containing synaptosomes comparable to those isolated from brain. The second highest concentration of pyridoxal phosphate (91 pmol/mg protein) was present in pellet 1 fraction containing large synaptosomes resembling photoreceptor cell terminals. The concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate in pellets 1 and 2 fractions were approx 3- to 6-fold higher than that found in the whole retina. The concentration of pyridoxal phosphate and the activity of pyridoxal kinase in the rat retina were considerably higher than those observed in the bovine retina. In general, no apparent correlation existed between the concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate and the activities of pyridoxal kinase in bovine retina and its subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, 42nd Street and Dewey Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, U.S.A
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Nasim W, Ahmad A, Bano A, Olatinwo R, Usman M, Khaliq T, Wajid A, Hammad HM, Mubeen M, Hussain M. Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i> L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.32029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hammad HM, Hammad MM, Abdelhadi IN, Khalifeh MS. Effects of topically applied agents on intra-oral wound healing in a rat model: a clinical and histomorphometric study. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 9:9-16. [PMID: 21226845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Topically applied chlorhexidine and hyaluronan have many studies supporting their use to enhance oral wound healing. Allantoin is widely used topically to promote epithelial proliferation and wound healing, with very little scientific evidence to support such uses. This study investigated and compared the influence of these agents on the healing of intra-oral excisional wounds with large epithelial and connective tissue defects. METHODS Excisional wounds, 3 mm in diameter, were made at the centre of the palate of 125 Wistar male albino rats. Five animals constituted the baseline group at time 0. The remaining animals were divided into four experimental and one control groups, in which chlorhexidine digluconate gel 0.2% (Perio.Kin®), hyaluronan gel (Gengigel®), allantoin 0.5% in vehicle gel, vehicle gel alone and nothing were applied daily to the wounds. The wound areas were measured photographically and the epithelialization rates were determined histologically at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-surgery. RESULTS The mean wound area and mean distance between the epithelial margins decreased significantly with time in all experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). A significant rate of wound area reduction was observed following the use of Perio.Kin® and Gengigel® at 7 and 14 days. Perio.Kin® showed a significant rate of wound epithelialization at 7 days. Allantoin did not positively or negatively affect wound healing. CONCLUSIONS None of the tested agents had a negative effect on the rate of wound healing when applied on an excisional wound with epithelial and connective tissue defect. Positive results were achieved with Perio.Kin® and Gengigel®.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hammad
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Barrieshi-Nusair KM, Hammad HM. Intracoronal sealing comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and glass ionomer. Quintessence Int 2005; 36:539-45. [PMID: 15997934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate and glass ionomer when placed coronally as double-sealing materials over gutta percha. METHOD AND MATERIALS Seventy extracted anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with gutta percha and Sealapex. After removing 4 mm of coronal gutta percha, the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups. In two experimental groups of 30 teeth each, 4 mm of either mineral trioxide aggregate or glass ionomer was placed in the chamber over gutta percha. A positive control group of 5 teeth received no barrier. A negative control group of 5 teeth was covered completely with sticky wax. All teeth, except the negative controls, were covered with 2 layers of sticky wax except for the access openings. Teeth were immersed in Pelikan ink for 48 hours, and then were decalcified, dehydrated, and cleared. Leakage into the canals was measured in millimeters and statistically analyzed between the two experimental groups using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Results showed that the glass ionomer group leaked significantly more than the mineral trioxide aggregate group (P < .001). CONCLUSION It was concluded from this study that mineral trioxide aggregate may be preferred over glass ionomer as a seal intracoronally following root canal treatment to prevent coronal microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Barrieshi-Nusair
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait Urnivesity, Kuwait.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant enzymes (manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) limit cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species. The purpose of the study was to determine whether human oral squamous cell carcinomas have altered antioxidant enzyme levels. This study is the first to undertake this task in human oral mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine 26 archived oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Fourteen well-differentiated and 12 poorly differentiated tumors were examined, as were 12 specimens of oral mucosa. All sections were reviewed by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists, and image analysis of the immunostained sections was performed using NIH Image. Antioxidant enzyme staining intensities were compared in the different groups by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS In general, mucosal basal cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme levels than spinous cells, and primary tumor cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than did their normal cell counterparts. Moreover, poorly differentiated tumor cells showed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than well-differentiated tumor cells. Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase staining intensities were, however, higher in well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas than their normal cells of origin. CONCLUSIONS Detection of antioxidant enzymes may be a useful future marker in the molecular diagnosis of the oral cancer. Moreover, it may be possible to not only monitor the effectiveness of chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies in oral cancer using these enzymes, but to monitor tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Lam EW, Hammad HM, Zwacka R, Darby CJ, Baumgardner KR, Davidson BL, Oberley TD, Engelhardt JF, Oberley LW. Immunolocalization and adenoviral vector-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase gene transfer to experimental oral tumors. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1410-7. [PMID: 10890721 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidant enzyme system protects cellular macromolecules against damage from reactive oxygen species. One component of this system, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), has also been shown to display tumor suppressor gene-like activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in MnSOD expression during hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis, and the effects of MnSOD overexpression using an adenoviral vector. Tumor induction was carried out using 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Animals were killed at periodic intervals, and cheek pouch tissues were excised and examined for MnSOD expression by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis. We observed a reduction in MnSOD expression as early as 2 weeks after the start of carcinogen application. Low MnSOD expression persisted until the end of the 23-week experimental period. Solid hamster cheek pouch carcinoma xenografts were then established in nude mice. An adenoviral vector encoding the human MnSOD gene was delivered to the xenografts by direct injection. We observed high, immediate expression of MnSOD in the xenografts that persisted for 10 days following cessation of viral construct delivery. Delivery of the MnSOD construct resulted in a maximal 50% reduction in tumor growth compared with untreated controls. Our results suggest that MnSOD may be a tumor suppressor gene in the hamster cheek pouch model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Lam
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Pyostomatitis vegetans is an oral eruption, characterized by small pustules, ulcers and erythematous vegetations of the labial and buccal mucosae as well as labial-attached gingivae. Its importance lies in its high correlation with inflammatory bowel disease. It is commonly associated with skin and inflammatory bowel disease and is rare in children. We here report a sister and brother with onset of the disease at the age of 5 and 7 years, respectively. It is the first report of familial pyostomatitis vegetans occurring in the youngest patients hitherto reported. CONCLUSION The observation of two sibs with pyostomatitis, vegetans pyoderma gangrenosum and inflammatory bowel disease suggest a hereditary disposition to this rare triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Al-Rimawi
- Paediatric Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
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Hammad HM, Hammond HL, Kurago ZB, Frank JA. Chondromyxoid fibroma of the jaws. Case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85:293-300. [PMID: 9540086 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign tumor of bone that is characterized by chondroid and myxoid differentiation and by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence of chondral origin. It is rare in the jaws and skull bones, where only about 2% of all cases have been reported. A review of the 20 acceptable gnathic cases in the literature and of the current case revealed both a higher incidence in the mandible (76%) than in the maxilla (24%) and an equal sex distribution. The sites of occurrence in both jaws are compatible with origin from developmental cartilaginous remnants. The controversies regarding malignant transformation and therapeutic approach are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hammad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Abstract
1. Eleven selected flavonoids were studied to evaluate their effects on the rat isolated ileum and to determine their structure-activity relationships. 2. The flavonoids rutin and 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4' methoxyflavone-7-rutinoside, which have a sugar moiety (O-rha-glu), had no significant effect on the ileum, indicating that the presence of sugar substitution reduces the biological activity of the flavonoids. 3. Nine other flavonoids caused inhibition of tonic and phasic contractions of the ileum with the following order of potency from highest to lowest: galangin, quercetin, chrysin, xanthomicrol, flavone, naringenin, fisetin, morin, and flavanone. 4. Flavones were more potent than flavanones, indicating that the double bond at carbon 2-3 increases the potency of the flavonoid. 5. Galangin, quercetin, chrysin, and xanthomicrol, which have hydroxyl substituents on carbon 3 and/or 5, showed higher potency than flavone, indicating that such hydroxyl groups are essential for the activity. 6. Galangin was more potent than quercetin, morin, and fisetin, suggesting that the hydroxyl substituents on ring B attenuate the potency. 7. Quercetin caused more potent relaxation of the ileum than morin, suggesting that the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-2' of ring B attenuates the myolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Hammad HM, Al-Sayegh A, Swanson S, Ebadi M. Dissociation between epileptic seizures induced by convulsant drugs and alteration in the concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate in rat brain regions. Gen Pharmacol 1983; 14:481-9. [PMID: 6642191 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(83)90107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Allylglycine increased the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in cerebral cortex from 1011.4 +/- 25.0 to 1318.0 +/- 66.3 and decreased it in cerebellum from 1289.0 +/- 49 to 1147.7 +/- 119.4 ng/g wet tissue during the preictal period. Mercaptopropionic acid increased the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in cerebellum from 1525 +/- 91 to 1985.7 +/- 275 ng/g wet tissue. Similar effects were noted in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Picrotoxin increased the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in hippocampus from 938.7 +/- 44 to 1043 +/- 118 but decreased it in cerebral cortex from 1124.52 +/- 124 to 979.4 +/- 15 ng/g wet brain. The effects of strychnine were identical to those of allylglycine. Bicuculline reduced the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in cerebral cortex from 1184 +/- 61 to 1075.14 +/- 78 ng/g wet brain.
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