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Zhuo WD, Fu GH, Wang BH, He B, Du XF, Yu YB, Feng MJ, Liu J, Qi YB, Chu HM. [Comparison of 5-year follow-up outcomes between"one-stop"procedure and long-term oral anticoagulants after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:951-957. [PMID: 37709711 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230622-00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the 5-year follow-up outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) combined with left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and long-term oral anticoagulant (OAC) after RFCA in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent"one-stop"procedure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University from September 2015 to December 2017 (RFCA+LAAC group). Baseline data of patients were collected. Propensity score matching at the ratio of 1∶1 was used to select patients with atrial fibrillation who took long-term OAC after RFCA (RFCA+OAC group). The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm and the incidence of adverse events during follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the RFCA+LAAC group and RFCA+OAC group, respectively. Age of patients was (67.4±8.8) years in RFCA+LAAC group, and there were 42 (38.2%) female patients. Age of patients was (67.3±7.9) years in RFCA+OAC group, and there were 47 (42.7%) female patients. The patients were followed up for mean of (5.3±1.1) years. There was no significant difference in the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm (log-rank: χ2=0.277, P=0.602) and incidence of ischemic stroke events (2.7% (3/110) vs. 4.5% (5/110), P=0.719) during follow-up between the two groups. The incidence of bleeding events (6.4% (7/110) vs. 18.2% (20/110), P=0.008) and major bleeding events (1.8% (2/110) vs. 8.2% (9/110), P=0.030) was significantly higher in the RFCA+OAC group than in the RFCA+LAAC group. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between RFCA+LAAC group and RFCA+OAC group in maintenance rate of sinus rhythm and incidence of ischemic stroke events. Patients in the RFCA+LAAC group have a lower risk of bleeding events compared to the RFCA+OAC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Zhuo
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - G H Fu
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - B H Wang
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - B He
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - X F Du
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Y B Yu
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - M J Feng
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - J Liu
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Y B Qi
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - H M Chu
- Arrhythmia Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
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Yu YB, Fu GH, Zhuo WD, Wang BH, Chu HM. [Feasibility and safety of closing large left atrial appendage using the LAmbre device]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:780-784. [PMID: 35982010 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220503-00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the LAmbre occluder for large-diameter left atrial appendage occlusion. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with large orifice of the left atrial appendage (≥31 mm) and occlusion with the LAmbre device in the Arrhythmia Center of Ningbo First Hospital were included from June 2018 to March 2020. Baseline data were collected and major perioperative complications of left atrial appendage occlusion (including death, stroke, instrumental embolism, cardiac tamponade, and major bleeding events) were recorded. Patients were followed up 45 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. The shunt and device-related thrombosis were recorded by esophageal cardiac ultrasound or pulmonary vein CT, and the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism, bleeding events, death and other serious adverse events were recorded. Results: The average age and left atrial appendage ostial dimension of 32 patients (37.5% women) included in this research were (70.4±8.4) years old and (34.4±2.9) mm. The LAmbre device was successfully implanted in 31(96.9%) patients. No major complications occurred during the perioperative period. During the 12-month follow-up, pericardial tamponade occurred in 1(3.2%) patient and was recovered after treatment. There was no occluder edge shunt>5 mm in patients followed up by esophageal echocardiography. No significant peri-device leak, device-related thrombus, thromboembolism or death event has occurred. Conclusion: The LAmbre occluder may be feasible and safe for large-diameter left atrial appendage occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Yu
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - G H Fu
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - W D Zhuo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - B H Wang
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - H M Chu
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
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Zhuo WD, Wang BH, Chu HM. [Progress in the application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:706-709. [PMID: 32847330 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20190930-00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W D Zhuo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - B H Wang
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - H M Chu
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
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Chin YPH, Hou ZY, Lee MY, Chu HM, Wang HH, Lin YT, Gittin A, Chien SC, Nguyen PA, Li LC, Chang TH, Li YCJ. A patient-oriented, general-practitioner-level, deep-learning-based cutaneous pigmented lesion risk classifier on a smartphone. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1498-1500. [PMID: 31907926 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y P H Chin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Z Y Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Y Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H M Chu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H H Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A Gittin
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S C Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P A Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L C Li
- International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T H Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Big Data Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C J Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Wang HX, Chu HM, Wang BH. [Advance in pulsed electric fields ablation for atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2019; 47:1018-1020. [PMID: 31877602 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - H M Chu
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - B H Wang
- Arrhythmia Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
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Abstract
A 29-year-old previously healthy patient presented with a hyperparathyroid-induced hypercalcaemic crisis refractory to conventional therapy. The patient developed ventricular fibrillation and subsequently required emergency parathyroidectomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Extensive intracardiac and pulmonary trunk thrombi were identified soon after the commencement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, despite full anticoagulation. In this report we highlight the non-specific presentations of hypercalcaemia which may lead to delayed diagnosis, and discuss the incidence, risk factors and treatment of a hyperparathyroid-induced hypercalcaemic crisis. We emphasise the role of emergency parathyroidectomy as a salvage therapy in medically refractory We consider the likely factors leading to intracardiac thrombi formation in this case, including how hypercalcaemia may have been a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - H M Chu
- Department of Anaesthesia Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong China
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Kim S, Lee S, Ha WB, Lee JH, Jung HJ, Chu HM, Yang SB, Choi S, Son MJ, Kim JH, Jeon Y. Development of an ultrasound-imaging procedure and acquisition of ultrasound images of acupuncture points for safety and accuracy of needle insertion. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:427-433. [PMID: 29296570 PMCID: PMC5741397 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture is a relatively safe, commonly used “alternative” medical treatment for various symptoms. However, adverse effects can occur, including trauma, pneumothorax, and central-nervous-system injury. Our objective was to develop a reliable and practical procedure for ultrasound imaging of acupuncture points to improve safety during needling, and to acquire ultrasound images of several (44) acupuncture points, especially those in high-risk areas, according to an in-house standard operating procedure. Methods We created the standard operating procedure for ultrasound imaging for acupuncture, and collected ultrasound images of acupuncture points in clinical trials. Results Ultrasound images for 44 acupuncture points considered as high-risk points were collected from 85 healthy people who were classified by body-mass index, and high-quality, clear representative images of all 44 points were obtained. Conclusion These baseline images could be helpful for understanding the anatomy under the skin at acupuncture points, which would allow for an enhanced safety and more accurate needling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungha Kim
- Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won-Bae Ha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jung-Han Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Jung
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hong-Min Chu
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seung-Bum Yang
- Department of Medical Non-Commissioned Officer, Wonkwang Health Science, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sunmi Choi
- Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Son
- Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyo Kim
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Corresponding authors. Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, South Korea; Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.Department of Meridian & AcupointCollege of Korean MedicineWonkwang UniversityIksanKorea
| | - Youngju Jeon
- Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Corresponding authors. Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, South Korea; Research & Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.Department of Meridian & AcupointCollege of Korean MedicineWonkwang UniversityIksanKorea
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8
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Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) such as clozapine and olanzapine antagonize both D(1) and D(2) receptors; however, little is known regarding their pharmacologic effect on specific neuronal elements within the local circuitry of corticolimbic regions, such as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To characterize the effect of short-term antagonism of the D(1) receptor a high-resolution autoradiographic technique was used to assess the density (B(max)) and affinity (K(d)) of this receptor on pyramidal cells (i.e., large neurons (LNs, >/=100 microm(2))), nonpyramidal cells (i.e., small neurons (SNs, <100 microm(2))) and in the surrounding neuropil (NPL) of layer VI in rat mPFC. Either normal saline or the selective D(1) antagonist SCH23390 (1.0 mg/kg/day) were administered for 48 h via Alzet osmotic pumps. Frozen sections were incubated in [(3)H]SCH23390 (1-8 nM) in the presence or absence of the competitive inhibitor SKF38393 (10 microM). A microscopic adaptation to Scatchard analysis revealed a significant increase (82%) in B(max) for neuronal cell bodies (P < 0.05), but not for neuropil of drug-treated animals. Further analysis indicated that the increase in B(max) was present on SNs (94%, P < 0.05), but not LNs in SCH23390-treated rats. In contrast, K(d) values for LNs, SNs, and NPL were not significantly altered by drug treatment. Since the vast majority of SNs are nonpyramidal in nature, short-term administration of a selective D(1) antagonist seems to be associated with a preferential upregulation of this receptor on interneurons. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic medications involves changes in D(1) receptor activity associated with local circuit neurons in rat mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Davidoff
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178-9106, USA
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Cohen BM, Ennulat DJ, Centorrino F, Matthysse S, Konieczna H, Chu HM, Cherkerzian S. Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor and response to antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 141:6-10. [PMID: 9952058 DOI: 10.1007/s002130050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor may be a site through which the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs are mediated. Polymorphisms of a 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the DRD4 gene code for different length segments in the third intracytoplasmic loop of the D4 receptor. The most common long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor has been shown in both physiologic and pharmacologic experiments to respond differently to dopamine agonists and antagonists than do shorter forms of D4. Thus, variants of D4 may partly determine patient response to antipsychotic drugs and, in particular, response to typical neuroleptics, which have a relatively low affinity for the D4 receptor, as compared to clozapine, which has a relatively high affinity for D4. DRD4 polymorphisms in the third intron were characterized in 28 patients with chronic psychosis who responded well to typical neuroleptics, 32 patients who responded well to clozapine, and 57 healthy comparison subjects. Patients responding to typical neuroleptics carried the allele for the long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor (allele frequency 8.9%) less frequently than patients responding to clozapine (allele frequency 23.4%, P = 0.046) or healthy comparison subjects (allele frequency 26.3%, P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that inherited variants of D4 may explain some of the interindividual variation seen in patient response to different classes of antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178-9106, USA
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10
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Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor null mutant mice were generated to assess the contribution of this receptor to the actions of serotonin. Mutant mice displayed both an epilepsy and obesity phenotype. The epilepsy syndrome was characterized by spontaneous seizures, lowered seizure threshold, enhanced seizure propagation and sound-induced seizure susceptibility. These findings implicate 5-HT2C receptors in the regulation of neuronal network excitability. It was also observed that body weight and adipose tissue deposition were elevated in adult mutant mice relative to their wild type littermates. Paired-feeding studies suggest that the obesity syndrome is a result of increased food intake. In addition, mutants displayed reduced sensitivity to the appetite suppressant actions of non-specific serotonergic agonists. These studies establish a role for 5-HT2C receptors in the serotonergic regulation of body weight and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Heisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco 94143, USA
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11
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Heisler LK, Chu HM, Brennan TJ, Danao JA, Bajwa P, Parsons LH, Tecott LH. Elevated anxiety and antidepressant-like responses in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:15049-54. [PMID: 9844013 PMCID: PMC24573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system is a powerful modulator of emotional processes and a target of medications used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. To evaluate the contribution of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors to the regulation of these processes, we have used gene-targeting technology to generate 5-HT1A receptor-mutant mice. These animals lack functional 5-HT1A receptors as indicated by receptor autoradiography and by resistance to the hypothermic effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). Homozygous mutants display a consistent pattern of responses indicative of elevated anxiety levels in open-field, elevated-zero maze, and novel-object assays. Moreover, they exhibit antidepressant-like responses in a tail-suspension assay. These results indicate that the targeted disruption of the 5-HT1A receptor gene leads to heritable perturbations in the serotonergic regulation of emotional state. 5-HT1A receptor-null mutant mice have potential as a model for investigating mechanisms through which serotonergic systems modulate affective state and mediate the actions of psychiatric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Heisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA
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Low KG, Chu HM, Schwartz PM, Daniels GM, Melner MH, Comb MJ. Novel interactions between human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax and activating transcription factor 3 at a cyclic AMP-responsive element. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:4958-74. [PMID: 8007991 PMCID: PMC358868 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.7.4958-4974.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human proenkephalin gene transcription is transactivated by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax in human Jurkat T lymphocytes. This transactivation was further enhanced in Jurkat cells treated with concanavalin A, cyclic AMP, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Deletion and cis-element transfer analyses of the human proenkephalin promoter identified a cyclic AMP-responsive AP-1 element (-92 to -86) as both necessary and sufficient to confer Tax-dependent transactivation. Different AP-1 or cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) proteins which bind this element were expressed in murine teratocarcinoma F9 cells to identify those capable of mediating Tax-dependent transactivation of human proenkephalin gene transcription. Although CREB, c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunD did not have significant effects, JunB inhibited the Tax-dependent transactivation. In contrast, ATF3 dramatically induced Tax-dependent transactivation, which was further enhanced by protein kinase A. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant fusion proteins expressed and purified from bacteria indicate that the DNA-binding activity of ATF3 is also dramatically enhanced by Tax. Chimeric fusion proteins consisting of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 and the amino-terminal domain (residues 1 to 66) of ATF3 were able to mediate Tax-dependent transactivation of a Gal4-responsive promoter, which suggests a direct involvement of this region of ATF3. Recombinant fusion proteins of glutathione S-transferase with either the amino- or carboxy-terminal (residues 139 to 181) domain of ATF3 were able to specifically interact with Tax. Furthermore, specific antisera directed against Tax coimmunoprecipitated ATF3 only in the presence of Tax.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Low
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129
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13
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Chu HM, Tan Y, Kobierski LA, Balsam LB, Comb MJ. Activating transcription factor-3 stimulates 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 1994; 8:59-68. [PMID: 8152431 DOI: 10.1210/mend.8.1.8152431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) is one member of a large family of leucine zipper transcription factors which bind to promoters responsive to cAMP and phorbol ester at the related cAMP (CRE) and phorbol ester response elements. We report here that ATF-3 is coexpressed with the neuropeptide precursor proenkephalin in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Cotransfection experiments indicate that activation of proenkephalin gene expression by ATF-3 is dependent upon both the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the CRE-2 element. The CRE-2 element is essential for second messenger-inducible expression and is known to bind AP-1-like transcription factors. ATF-3 expressed in bacteria or from rabbit reticulocyte lysates binds to the proenkephalin CRE-2 element as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with Jun-D, another activator of proenkephalin transcription. ATF-3 stimulates binding of Jun-D to the proenkephalin CRE-2 element and acts synergistically with Jun-D to induce proenkephalin gene expression. Sequential immunoprecipitations of ATF-3 from SK-N-MC cells expressing proenkephalin indicate that ATF-3 is complexed with Jun-D in vivo and that both proteins are highly phosphorylated. Together, our results suggest that ATF-3 may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129
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14
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Lieberman HB, Hopkins KM, Laverty M, Chu HM. Molecular cloning and analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9, a gene involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Mol Gen Genet 1992; 232:367-76. [PMID: 1588907 DOI: 10.1007/bf00266239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mutant allele rad9-192 renders Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells sensitive to ionizing radiation and UV light. We have isolated from a S. pombe genomic DNA library a unique recombinant plasmid that is capable of restoring wild-type levels of radioresistance to a rad9-192-containing cell population. Plasmid integration studies using the cloned DNA, coupled with mating and tetrad analyses, indicate that this isolated DNA contains the wild-type rad9 gene. We inactivated the repair function of the cloned fragment by a single insertion of the S. pombe ura4 gene. This nonfunctional fragment was used to create a viable disruption mutant, thus demonstrating that the rad9 gene does not encode an essential cellular function. In addition, the rad9-192 mutant population is as radiosensitive as the disruption mutant, indicating that rad9 gene function is severely if not totally inhibited by the molecular defect responsible for the rad9-192 phenotype. DNA sequence analysis of rad9 reveals an open reading frame of 1,278 bp, interrupted by three introns 53 bp, 57 bp, and 56 bp long, respectively, and ending in the termination codon TAG. This gene is capable of encoding a protein of 426 amino acids, with a corresponding calculated molecular weight of 47,464 daltons. No significant homology was detected between the rad9 gene or its deduced protein sequence and sequences previously entered into DNA and protein sequence data banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lieberman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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15
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Kobierski LA, Chu HM, Tan Y, Comb MJ. cAMP-dependent regulation of proenkephalin by JunD and JunB: positive and negative effects of AP-1 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:10222-6. [PMID: 1719551 PMCID: PMC52900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that JunD, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, activates transcription of the human proenkephalin gene in a fashion that is completely dependent upon the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A. Activation of proenkephalin transcription by JunD is dependent upon a previously characterized cAMP-, phorbol ester-, and Ca(2+)-inducible enhancer, and JunD is shown to bind the enhancer as a homodimer. Another component of the AP-1 transcription complex, JunB, is shown to inhibit activation mediated by JunD. As a homodimer JunB is unable to bind the enhancer; however in the presence of c-Fos, high-affinity binding is observed. Furthermore, JunD is shown to activate transcription of genes linked to both cAMP and phorbol ester response elements in a protein kinase A-dependent fashion, further blurring the distinction between these response elements. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of an AP-1-related protein is regulated by the cAMP-dependent second-messenger pathway and suggest that JunD and other AP-1-related proteins may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Kobierski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129
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Abstract
A short region of the human proenkephalin promoter has been shown previously to mediate transcriptional regulation in response to activation of the cAMP, TPA, and Ca+ + dependent intracellular signalling pathways. Two adjacent DNA elements, CRE-1 and CRE-2, are essential for this regulation although neither element alone is sufficient for inducible expression. The CRE-2 element consists of overlapping binding sites for the transcription factors AP-1 and AP-4. The CRE-1 element has been shown to interact with a DNA binding factor called ENKTF-1. Here we characterize proteins from bovine brain which bind the CRE-1 element of the human proenkephalin gene. Interactions between proteins binding the CRE-1 and CRE-2 elements are characterized in vitro using affinity purified DNA binding proteins. We demonstrate that CRE-1 binding proteins from bovine brain consist of three different polypeptides each belonging to the NF-I family of transcription factors. Point mutation analysis of the contacts of these proteins with the CRE-1 element indicate that NF-I proteins contact the inducible enhancer at the sequence CTGGCxxxxxxCCT which overlaps the CRE-1 element (underlined) defined by in vivo point mutation analysis. Cotransfection of one of the three NF-I proteins purified from bovine brain, NF-I/Red1, together with a proenkephalin/bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) fusion gene repressed protein kinase A or forskolin stimulated CAT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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Lin TY, Chu HM, Rin H, Hsu CC, Yeh EK, Chen CC. Effects of social change on mental disorders in Taiwan: observations based on a 15-year follow-up survey of general populations in three communities. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1989; 348:11-33; discussion 167-78. [PMID: 2801174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb05213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Norris DM, Chu HM, Rao KD. Changes in ovarian ultrastructure and ecdysteroid titer during the aging process of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J Morphol 1983; 177:245-54. [PMID: 6644821 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051770303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Striking ultrastructural and hormonal parameters of premature menopause and aging are reported in female Xyleborus ferrugineus fed cholesterol, rather than 7-dehydrocholesterol, as a sole dietary sterol. The titer of free ecdysteroids in such 63-day-old females remained abnormally elevated through the period of the ovarian cycle. A similar plateauing of such elevated titer also occurred in 147-day-old, irregularly cycling females fed only cholesterol as the dietary sterol. These hormonal changes in menopausing X. ferrugineus females seem especially analogous to the maintenance of an elevated concentration of 17-beta-estradiol through the estrous, as well as the proestrous, ovary of aged irregularly cycling rats. The highly abnormal ultrastructure of ovaries of X. ferrugineus females aged 216 days on a diet containing cholesterol as the sole sterol seems quite analogous to that of the nonovulatory follicles in older, irregularly cycling rats. Our new findings involving aging X. ferrugineus females indicate further the usefulness of an insect model to study aging processes.
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Chu HM, Norris DM, Rao KD. Ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland of variously aged female pupae of Xyleborus ferrugineus and associated ecdysteroid titers. Cell Tissue Res 1980; 213:1-8. [PMID: 7459991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00236915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The prothoracic glands of female pupae of Xyleborus ferrugineus at three ages (0-h, 48-h, and 72-h-old) were examined for ultrastructural changes that correlate with high titers of ecdysteroids in the entire pupa. In all three ages, the prothoracic gland cells appear compact with a prominent nucleus. Lysosome-like structures with concentrically oriented internal membrane are observed in both 0-h and 72-h-old gland cells. Mitochondria are abundant in the glands of both ages, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is relatively sparse. Numerous microtubules are present in the prothoracic gland cells of 48-h-old female pupae that contain relatively high titers of ecdysteroids. Rough endoplasmic reticulum also is especially abundant at this age of the pupa. Ecdysone titers, estimated by the radioimmunoassay method (RIA), were 161.04 +/- 26.80 pg/mg, 704.25 +/- 69.02pg/mg and 298.72 +/- 26.80pg/mg body weight in 0-h, 48-h and 72-h-old female pupae, respectively.
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Abstract
The compound eye of male (haploid) Xyleborus ferrugineus beetles was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The eye externally consists of ca. 19 to 33 facets. Each ommatidium is composed of a thickly biconvex lenslet with about 50 electron dense and rare layers, but at the junction area between two lenslets there are only about 35 to 37 layers that can be distinguished. A very short (3.4-4.0 mum) acone type crystalline cone is located directly beneath the lenslet. Each ommatidium is surrounded by pigment cells, and pigment granules also appear throughout the cytoplasm of the retinular cells. Some pigment granules are even present below the basement membrane. there are 8 retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of 2 centrally situated photoreceptor cells fuse into a rhabdom which is enveloped by the rhabdomeres of 6 peripheral retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of the 6 peripheral retinular cells join laterally to form a rhabdomeric ring around the central rhabdom. No tracheation was observed among the retinular cells. Virus-like particles are evident near the nucleus in each Semper cell of the crystalline cone.
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Miller MH, Yeh EK, Alexander AA, Klein MH, Tseng KH, Workneh F, Chu HM. The cross-cultural student: lessons in human nature. Bull Menninger Clin 1971; 35:128-31. [PMID: 5550543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chu HM, Rin H. The distribution of psychiatric symptoms in a Chinese community: an application of a modified Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire in a psychiatric epidemiological study. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1970; 69:89-104. [PMID: 5270836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Kok
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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Chu HM. [The social class factor in psychiatric epidemiology]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1969; 68:234-43. [PMID: 5257878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chu HM, Fon TM, Hsu SC, Chiu SJ. [A socio-medical study of the emergency service, National Taiwan University Hospital. 2. Overuse of emergency care]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1969; 68:137-51. [PMID: 5257432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chu HM, Lai LC, Hsu SC, Chiu SJ. A social medical study of the emergency service, National Taiwan University Hospital. First report: patients' social background, diagnosis, and seasonal variations. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1969; 68:40-57. [PMID: 5256458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tseng WP, Chu HM, How SW, Fong JM, Lin CS, Yeh S. Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan. J Natl Cancer Inst 1968; 40:453-63. [PMID: 5644201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Chu HM, Lin TY. A fifteen-year follow-up of 214 psychiatric cases. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1966; 65:87-90. [PMID: 5221285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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