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Zhao X, Huang HS, Shi SR. [Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ on Modulating Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Synthesis in Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Clostridium butyricum]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2023; 57:501-502. [PMID: 37326053 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898423030217, edn: cibngm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is considered to be one of the important circulating mediators linking intestinal microorganisms and host lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor у (PPARγ) on modulating ANGPTL4 synthesis in Caco-2 cells exposed to Clostridium butyricum. The viability of Caco-2 cells and the expression of PPARγ and ANGPTL4 in Caco-2 cells were detected after the Caco-2 cells were co-cultured with C. butyricum at the concentration of 1 x 10^(6), 1 x 10^(7) and 1 x 10^(8) CFU/mL. The results showed that cell viability was enhanced by C. butyricum. Besides, PPARγ and ANGPTL4 expression and secretion in Caco-2 cells was significantly increased by 1 x 10^(7) and 1 x 10^(8) CFU/mL of C. butyricum. Furthermore, the effects of PPARγ on modulating ANGPTL4 synthesis in Caco-2 cells regulated by 1 x 10^(8) CFU/mL of C. butyricum was also be expounded in PPARγ activation/inhibition model based on Caco-2 cells and via ChIP technique. It was found that C. butyricum promoted the binding of PPARγ to the PPAR binding site (chr19: 8362157-8362357, located upstream of the transcriptional start site of angptl4) of the angptl4 gene in Caco-2 cells. However, the PPARγ was not the only way for C. butyricum to stimulate ANGPTL4 production. Taken together, PPARγ played a role in the regulation of ANGPTL4 synthesis by C. butyricum in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, 276000 China
| | - H S Huang
- Shandong Longda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, 276400 China
| | - S R Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 271018 China
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Huang HS, Ai LQ, van Duin ACT, Chen M, Lü YJ. ReaxFF reactive force field for molecular dynamics simulations of liquid Cu and Zr metals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:094503. [PMID: 31492056 DOI: 10.1063/1.5112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a ReaxFF reactive force field used for the molecular dynamics simulations of thermophysical properties of liquid Cu and Zr metals. The ReaxFF parameters are optimized by fitting to the first-principles density-functional calculations on the equations of state for bulk crystal structures and surface energies. To validate the force field, we compare the ReaxFF results with those from experiments and embedded-atom-method (EAM) potentials. We demonstrate that the present ReaxFF force field well represents structural characteristics and diffusion behaviors of elemental Cu and Zr up to high-temperature liquid regions. It reasonably reproduces the thermodynamic processes associated with crystal-liquid interface. In particular, the equilibrium melting temperatures show better agreement with experimental measurements than the results from EAM potentials. The ReaxFF reactive force field method exhibits a good transferability to the nonreactive processes of liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - L Q Ai
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - A C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Lü
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Yen JH, Huang HS, Chuang CJ, Huang ST. Activation of dynamin-related protein 1 - dependent mitochondria fragmentation and suppression of osteosarcoma by cryptotanshinone. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:42. [PMID: 30691497 PMCID: PMC6350405 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Discovering how to regulate mitochondrial function to reduce cancer growth holds great potential for future cancer therapy development. Here we explore the effects of cryptotanshinone (CPT), a natural product derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, on mitochondria of osteosarcoma (OS) both in vitro and in vivo, and further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Cytotoxicity in the CPT treated OS cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, CCK8, TUNEL assay and colony formation assays. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of CPT on cell cycle of OS cells. Mitochondrial morphology was examined by staining with the mitochondrial membrane potential -sensitive fluorochrome, MitoTracker Red (CMXRos). Immunoblotting, confocal-immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation were used to examine the expression and interaction between CPT-mediated Drp1 and Bax. Finally, the synergistic effect of CPT on OS cells was validated using a mouse xenograft tumor model. Results In this study, we found CPT treatment induced S-phase arrest, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fragmentation in OS cells. CPT also effectively activated caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be blocked by pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, we herein provide evidence that treatment with CPT resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation, which is mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key mediator of mitochondrial fission. Pursuing this observation, downregulation of Drp1 via silencing RNA could abrogate the induction of apoptosis and mitochondrial fragmentation induced by CPT. Finally, we demonstrate that CPT induced Drp1, which interacted directly with Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), which contributed to driving Bax translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Conclusions Our findings offer insight into the crosstalk between mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibition of osteosarcoma cell growth in response to CPT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1008-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hau Yen
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Sen Huang
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia Ju Chuang
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hsieh RW, Hsu TC, Lee M, Hsu WT, Chen ST, Huang HS, Hsieh AL, Lee CC. 4068Outcome and economic comparison for type B aortic dissection patients receiving open surgery, thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and medical treatment. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hsieh
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - T C Hsu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - M Lee
- Medical Wisdom Consultants Inc., Houston, United States of America
| | - W T Hsu
- Harvard Medical School, Epidemiology, Boston, United States of America
| | - S T Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Epidemiology, Boston, United States of America
| | - H S Huang
- National Taiwan University, Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - A L Hsieh
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Neurology, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - C C Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Abstract
Liquids attain a metastable state without crystallizing by cooling rapidly to a given temperature below the melting point. With increasing supercooling, the nucleation rate would show an increase based on the prediction of the classical nucleation theory. It is generally thought that the nucleation rate will reach the maximum upon approaching the glass transition temperature, Tg, for glass-forming liquids. We report that there exists a supercooled region above Tg in which the crystallization has actually been severely suppressed. Our molecular dynamics simulations show that the growth of embryos in the supercooled Cu60Zr40 melt is subjected to a strong anisotropic stress associated with the dynamic heterogeneity. Its long-range effect drives the embryo to grow into a ramified morphology so that the interface energy dominates over the embryo growth, leading to the suppression of nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Pang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Bi
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - H S Huang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Lü
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Hsu HW, Huang HS, Lee CC, Chen SY, Teng HH, Peng MR, Wang MC, Liu CH. Comparison of NMOSFET and PMOSFET devices that combine CESL stressor and SiGe channel. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:8127-8132. [PMID: 24266204 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strained-Si technology could enhance the carrier mobility and improve the device performance. Contact-etch-stop-layer (CESL) structure with different stress and SiGe channel was fabricated with 90-nm technology. The electrical properties of N and PMOSFET devices combining CESL and SiGe channel were investigated. The short channel effects (SCE), such as drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), were also studied. Moreover, the stress contour in the SiGe channel has been simulated with TCAD to understand the relationship between stress distribution and device performance for different CESL structures. It is observed that the stress in the channel region was independent of the type of N or PMOSFET devices, but it was dependent on the CESL type and channel length. Based on the experimental and simulation results, it is confirmed that the device performance is associated with the stress in the channel, and the approach of CESL stressor and SiGe channel is shown to effectively improve the mobility of NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Hsu
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT), Taiwan, 106, ROC
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An ZW, Li YC, Zhai QL, Xie LL, Zhao YH, Huang HS. Development and characterization of novel expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree). Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:5905-10. [PMID: 24301960 DOI: 10.4238/2013.november.22.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated clones of Hevea brasiliensis have a narrow genetic base. In order to broaden the genetic base, it is first necessary to investigate the genetic diversity of wild populations. Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity of Hevea populations. Four hundred and thirty microsatellites were identified and 148 primers were designed to amplify the loci. Twenty-nine primer pairs were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to detect genetic polymorphisms among 40 wild accessions of H. brasiliensis. Twenty-one of the 29 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus in the 40 accessions ranged from 2 to 7. H(O) and H(E) at each locus ranged from 0.0000 to 0.9000 and from 0.0000 to 0.8704, respectively. All 21 loci could amplify in H. brasiliensis, H. pauciflora, H. nitida, H. spruceana, and H. camargoana. The EST-SSR primers developed herein can be used in genetic diversity and structure studies in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W An
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Chan WY, Huang HS, Su WB, Lin WH, Jeng HT, Wu MK, Chang CS. Field-induced expansion deformation in Pb islands on Cu(111): evidence from energy shift of empty quantum-well states. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:146102. [PMID: 22540808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.146102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to measure the energy shift of empty quantum-well (QW) states in Pb islands on the Cu(111) surface. It is found that, with an increase of the electric field, the behavior of the energy shift can be grouped into two different modes for most QW states. In the first mode, the state energy moves toward high energy monotonically. In the second mode, the state energy shifts to a lower energy initially and then turns around to a higher energy. Moreover, we have observed that the QW states of higher energy behave in preference to the first mode, but they gradually change to the second mode as the Pb island becomes thicker. This thickness-dependent behavior reflects the existence of local expansion in the Pb islands, due to the electric field, and that the expansion is larger for a thicker island. QW states can thus be used for studying the localized lattice deformation in the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Jin CM, Yang YJ, Huang HS, Kai M, Lee MK. Mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells: implication of oxidative stress-related kinases and cyclic AMP. Neuroscience 2010; 170:390-8. [PMID: 20670675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease has a double-edge effect on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: L-DOPA increases the intracellular level of dopamine, but it induces neuron cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. To investigate the molecular signaling mechanisms that underlie the concentration-dependent effects of L-DOPA on cell viability, the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and apoptotic enzymes were measured in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in the presence of a low concentration (20 muM) and high concentrations (100-200 muM) of L-DOPA. At the low concentration, L-DOPA was not cytotoxic and its presence increased the activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 MAPK, BadSer112, Bcl-2, and caspase-12. At the high concentrations, L-DOPA was cytotoxic and stimulated the activities of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, BadSer155, caspase-12 and caspase-3. The increased levels of ERK1/2 and BadSer155 in the presence of high concentrations of L-DOPA did not protect against L-DOPA-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, the levels of L-type Ca(2+) channel-sensitive intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Ca(2+) were elevated in the presence of L-DOPA, and the increase in the levels of intracellular cAMP may also play a role in cellular viability, since cAMP levels and cytotoxicity increased in parallel with L-DOPA concentrations and the addition of forskolin in the medium increased cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that, at a low and non-toxic concentration, L-DOPA may promote cell survival by increasing the activities of ERK1/2, BadSer112 and Bcl-2, while, at high concentrations, L-DOPA activates the caspase-3 cell death enzyme through the JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress that activates caspase-12. Intracellular cAMP levels may also play a role here. The results may lead to an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, 410, Sungbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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An ZW, Xie LL, Cheng H, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, He XG, Huang HS. A silver staining procedure for nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels without fixation and pretreatment. Anal Biochem 2009; 391:77-9. [PMID: 19442642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Silver staining of nucleic acid has been widely used in molecular marker analysis such as simple sequence repeat (SSR), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP). Many alternatives to silver staining methods have been described, but these methods are not efficient or cost-effective. Here we report a silver staining method that requires less than 10min for one gel and can save chemicals as well. It has a detection limit of approximately 5.6pg of DNA/mm(2) in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels and 12.8pg/mm(2) in denaturing polyacrylamide gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W An
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
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Tsai CC, Wei HC, Hsieh CH, Yu LP, Yu CR, Huang HS, Chou C. Characterization of a nematic PALC at large oblique incidence angles. Opt Express 2007; 15:10381-10389. [PMID: 19547390 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional photometric methods of measuring cell parameters, including the cell gap and the pretilt angle of a nematic parallel-aligned liquid crystal (PALC) using multiple wavelengths at normal incidence, this research proposes the use of a phase-sensitive interferometric ellipsometer to determine cell parameters precisely based on a single wavelength at large oblique incidence angles. The advantage of this method is that it detects the phase difference using an optical heterodyne interferometer in which a common phase noise rejection mode is provided. Thus, there is a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the phase measurement. In addition, a range of large oblique incidence angles on the PALC is used so that a high sensitivity measurement of the cell parameters is obtained experimentally. During the measurements, the multiple reflections and spatial shifting effect of the emerging extraordinary ray (E-ray) and ordinary ray (O-ray) from the PALC at large oblique incidence angles are able to be reduced effectively by the use of retro-reflected geometry in the interferometer. The experimental results verify that the sensitivities for the cell gap and pretilt angle measurements are 0.3 nm and 0.01 degrees , respectively.
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Lin BJ, Wu HP, Huang HS, Juang JH, Huarng J, Sison A, bin Abdul Kadir DK, Cho CG, Sridama W. Efficacy and tolerability of acarbose in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and sulfonylureas. J Diabetes Complications 2003; 17:179-85. [PMID: 12810240 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8727(02)00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of acarbose in the improvement of glycemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and sulfonylureas. A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter group comparison study was conducted. Patients were randomized to receive acarbose titrated up to 100-mg tid (n=36) or matching placebo (n=33). Concomitant sulfonylurea treatment remained unchanged throughout the study. The primary efficacy parameter was the change in HbA(1c) from baseline to double-blind endpoint. Secondary efficacy variables consisted of the change from baseline to endpoint in blood glucose (fasting and 1-h postprandial), serum insulin (fasting and 1-h postprandial), and urinary glucose. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, acarbose treatment was associated with significantly greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) (-0.91% vs. placebo 0.13%, P=.0018) and 1-h postprandial blood glucose levels (-2.84 mmol/l vs. placebo -0.28 mmol/l, P=.002) compared to placebo. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups regarding changes in fasting blood glucose, fasting or 1-h postprandial serum insulin, urinary glucose, or body weight. Adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both treatment arms except for drug-related gastrointestinal side-effects associated with acarbose (acarbose 48.5% and placebo 12.5%). This study has shown that the use of acarbose in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and sulfonylureas is efficacious in improving metabolic control and that acarbose is safe and well tolerated.
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Huang HS, Chiu HF, Hwang JM, Jen YM, Tao CW, Lee KY, Lai YL. Studies on anthracenes. 2. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 9-acyloxy 1,8-dichloroanthracene derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1346-8. [PMID: 11605668 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 9-acyloxy 1,8-dichloroanthracene derivatives are described. The system selectively reduces the carbonyl group flanked by the peri substituents of the anthracenediones to give the corresponding 1,8-dichloro-9(10H)-anthracenone. Simple acylation of anthracenone occurred with appropriate acyl chlorides in CH2Cl2 with a catalytic amount of pyridine to give the 9-acyloxy-1,8-dichloroanthracene derivatives. Considerable interest has developed in the mechanism of how anthracenones achieve this desirable selectivity. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB cell line), human cervical carcinoma cells of ME 180 (GBM 8401) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively, as compared to mitoxantrone. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of 9-acyloxy 1,8-dichloroanthracenes against these above cell lines revealed for most of the compounds a cytotoxic potency lower than that of mitoxantrone. The most active compounds were thus selected for further in vitro biological evaluation and structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Huang HS, Lin PY, Hwang JM, Tao CW, Hsu HC, Lai YL. Studies on anthracenes. 3. Synthesis, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxic evaluation of 10-substituted 1,5-dichloro-9(10H)-anthracenone derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1288-91. [PMID: 11605655 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 1,5-dichloro-9(10H)-anthracenones bearing O-linked and N-linked substituents in the 10-position are described. Previous studies have shown that 9-acyloxy 1,5-dichloroanthracenes and 9-acyloxy 1,8-dichloroanthracenes displayed a potential cytotoxic effect. These results have encouraged us in further investigation of potential anthracenone derivatives. Therefore, a series of 10-substituted 1,8-dichloro-9(10H)-anthracenone derivatives were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB cell line), human cervical carcinoma cells of ME 180 (GBM 8401) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively. Compounds 3c and 4c of this series compare favorably in the KB cellular assay with mitoxantrone. Compound 4c showed combined inhibitory action against KB, GBM and CHO cell growth, respectively. In addition, redox property of the compounds for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes was determined. Compounds 4b and 4d exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, (+)-alpha-tocopherol and mitoxantrone, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen CH, Huang HS, Yang CC, Yeh YH. The features of perforated peptic ulcers in conventional computed tomography. Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48:1393-6. [PMID: 11677972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CT is not usually of priority to evaluate the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, especially perforated peptic ulcer. However CT might be employed when the presentation is atypical. The study was to summarize the imaging features of perforated peptic ulcer in conventional CT and assess its ability of detecting perforated peptic ulcer. METHODOLOGY The CTs of 14 consecutive patients with perforated peptic ulcer confirmed by operation were retrospectively reviewed. The CTs were obtained after intravenous contrast medium, but oral contrast medium was administered only in 5 patients. The CT findings were correlated with surgical findings. RESULTS Among these 14 patients, all the 14 patients (100%) had extraluminal air accumulation, 10 patients (71%) had abnormal fluid accumulation, and 5 (36%) patients had inflammatory changes in surrounding soft tissues. In addition, conventional CT could only demonstrate the site of perforation in 5 patients (36%) of them. CONCLUSIONS Conventional CT was valuable in the diagnosis of perforated peptic ulcer, and pneumoperitoneum was the most common feature. However the ability of conventional CT in localizing the site of perforation was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, 542, Sec 1, Chung-Shang Rd, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
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Huang HS, Hwang JM, Jen YM, Lin JJ, Lee KY, Shi CH, Hsu HC. Studies on anthracenes. 1. Human telomerase inhibition and lipid peroxidation of 9-acyloxy 1,5-dichloroanthracene derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:969-73. [PMID: 11515587 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthetically useful approaches to 9-acyloxy 1,5-dichloroanthracene derivatives are reported. The system selectively reduces the carbonyl group flanked by the peri substituents of the anthracenediones to give the corresponding 1,5-dichloro-9(10H)-anthracenone. Simple regioselective acylation of anthracenone is applied with appropriate acyl chlorides in CH2Cl2 with catalytic amount of pyridine to give the novel 9-acyloxy 1,5-dichloroanthracene derivatives. Considerable interest has developed in the mechanism of how anthracenone achieves this desirable selectivity. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of this reaction, solid-state structures of anthracene derivatives have been obtained. In addition, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes was determined as was their ability to inhibit the telomere-addition function of the human telomerase enzyme together with their inhibition of the Taq polymerase enzyme. In contrast to (+)-alpha-tocopherol, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3g, and 3i do not enhance lipid peroxidation in model membranes. Implications for 9-acyloxy 1,5-dichloroanthracene analogues as potential anticancer agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen J, Chen RR, Huang HS. Comparison of ofloxacin and norfloxacin concentration in prostatic tissues in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:548-52. [PMID: 11678006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To compare the concentrations of two fluoroquinolones, ofloxacin (OFLX) and norfloxacin (NFLX), in the prostate glands of patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) after oral ingestion of both drugs for surgical prophylaxis. METHODS Ten patients with clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing TUR-P received 200 mg of both drugs per os simultaneously 2 hours before surgery. The concentrations of the drugs in the serum and prostate at the time of surgery were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Patients' clinical characteristics were evaluated, including findings from transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate, prostate specific antigen concentration, renal function tests, and post-operative status. RESULTS Two hours after administration, the mean serum concentration of OFLX was 4.14 +/- 0.64 mg/L (range 0.27-6.37) and of NFLX was 1.10 +/- 0.22 mg/L (range 0.02-2.1). The concentration of ORLX in prostatic tissue was 4.10 +/- 0.79 micrograms/g (range 1.70-6.37) and of NFLX was 2.22 +/- 0.57 micrograms/g (range 0.63-4.35). The ratio of the prostatic tissue concentration (P) to the serum concentration (S) was 2.11 for OFLX and 5.71 for NFLX. The concentrations of both drugs exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most gram-negative organisms, but NFLX may be unable to exceed the MIC90 of Enterobacter cloacae in some individuals. Leukocytosis and spiking fever developed after TUR-P in two of the 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of OFLX were higher in both serum and prostatic adenoma tissues than those of NFLX (p < 0.001), while NFLX had better penetration into the prostate (P/S ratio) (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicated that the concentrations of both of these drugs exceeded the MIC for most gram-negative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang HS, Inoue T, Ito K, Yoshimoto T. Preliminary crystallographic study of Thermus aquaticus glycerol kinase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1030-1. [PMID: 11418773 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2000] [Accepted: 03/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (GlpK) is an important enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in a central biochemical pathway involving glycerol metabolism. GlpK from the thermophile Thermus aquaticus has been overexpressed in glpK-deficient Escherichia coli and crystallized by the hanging-drop method. The crystal belongs to the cubic space group I23, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 163.94 (3) A. Native data were collected to 2.87 A resolution on a Cu Kalpha rotating-anode X-ray source.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Japan
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Ito K, Inoue T, Takahashi T, Huang HS, Esumi T, Hatakeyama S, Tanaka N, Nakamura KT, Yoshimoto T. The mechanism of aubstrate eecognition of pyroglutamyl-peptidase I from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as determined by X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:18557-62. [PMID: 11359794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroglutamyl-peptidase is able to specifically remove the amino-terminal pyroglutamyl residue protecting proteins or peptides from aminopeptidases. To clarify the mechanism of substrate recognition for the unique structure of the pyrrolidone ring, x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis were applied. The crystal structure of pyroglutamyl-peptidase bound to a transition state analog inhibitor (Inh), pyroglutaminal, was determined. Two hydrogen bonds were located between the main chain of the enzyme and the inhibitor (71:O.H-N:Inh and Gln71:N-H.OE:Inh), and the pyrrolidone ring of the inhibitor was inserted into the hydrophobic pocket composed of Phe-10, Phe-13, Thr-45, Ile-92, Phe-142, and Val-143. To study in detail the hydrophobic pocket, Phe-10, Phe-13, and Phe-142 were selected for mutation experiments. The k(cat) value of the F10Y mutant decreased, but the two phenylalanine mutants F13Y and F142Y did not exhibit significant changes in kinetic parameters compared with the wild-type enzyme. The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) for the F13A and F142A mutants were less than 1000-fold that of the wild-type enzyme. The x-ray crystallographic study of the F142A mutant showed no significant change except for a minor one in the hydrophobic pocket compared with the wild type. These findings indicate that the molecular recognition of pyroglutamic acid is achieved through two hydrogen bonds and an insertion in the hydrophobic pocket. In the pocket, Phe-10 is more important to the hydrophobic interaction than is Phe-142, and furthermore Phe-13 serves as an "induced fit" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Ito K, Inoue T, Kabashima T, Kanada N, Huang HS, Ma X, Azmi N, Azab E, Yoshimoto T. Substrate recognition mechanism of prolyl aminopeptidase from Serratia marcescens. J Biochem 2000; 128:673-8. [PMID: 11011150 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the gene and the crystal structure of the prolyl aminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.5] from Serratia marcescens have been studied by us [J. Biochem. 122, 601-605 (1997); ibid. 126, 559-565 (1999)]. Through these studies, Phe139, Tyr149, Glu204, and Arg136 were estimated to be concerned with substrate recognition. To elucidate the details of the mechanism for the substrate specificity, the site-directed mutagenesis method was applied. The F139A mutant showed an 80-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)), but the Y149A mutant did not show a significant change in catalytic efficiency. The catalytic efficiency of the E204Q mutant was about 4% of that of the wild type. The peptidase activity of the mutant (R136A) was markedly decreased, however, arylamidase activity with Pyr-bNA was retained as in the wild-enzyme. From these results, it was clarified that the pyrrolidine ring and the amino group of proline at the S1 site were recognized by Phe139 and Glu204, respectively. P1' of a substrate was recognized by Arg136. On the other hand, the enzyme had two cysteine residues. Mutants C74A and C271A were inhibited by PCMB, but the double mutated enzyme (C74/271A) was resistant to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Huang HS, Ma CG, Chen ZW. [Advances in the research on pharmacological actions of flavone compounds]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2000; 25:589-92. [PMID: 12516448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Abstract
The gene glpK, encoding glycerol kinase (GlpK) of Thermus aquaticus, has recently been identified. The protein encoded by glpK was found to have an unusually high identity of 81% with the sequence of GlpK from Bacillus subtilis. Three residues (Arg-82, Glu-83, and Asp-244) of T. aquaticus GlpK are conserved in all the known GlpK sequences, including those from various bacteria, yeast and human. The roles that these three residues play in the catalytic mechanism were investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis to produce three mutants: Arg-82-Ala, Glu-83-Ala, and Asp-244-Ala. Replacement of Asp-244 by Ala resulted in a complete loss of activity, thus suggesting that Asp-244 is important for catalysis. Taking k(cat)/K(m) as a simple measure of catalytic efficiency, the mutants Arg-82-Ala and Glu-83-Ala were judged to cause 190- and 37,000-fold decrease, respectively, when compared to the wild-type GlpK. Thus, these three residues play a critical role in the catalytic mechanism. However, only mutant Glu-83-Ala was cleaved by alpha-chymotrypsin, and proteolysis studies showed that the mutant Glu-83-Ala involves a change in the exposure of Tyr-331 at the alpha-chymotrypsin site. This indicates a large domain conformational change, since the residues corresponding to Glu-83 and Tyr-331 in the Escherichia coli GlpK sequence are located in domain IB and domain IIB, respectively. The apparent conformational change caused by replacement of Glu-83 leads us to propose that Glu-83 is an important residue for stabilization of domain conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Huang HS, Wu MC, Li PH. Expression of steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid and cortisol production in adrenocortical cells isolated from halothane-sensitive and halothane-resistant pigs. J Cell Biochem 2000; 79:58-70. [PMID: 10906755 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(2000)79:1<58::aid-jcb60>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stress susceptibility in pigs is inherited by a single recessive gene (Hal(n)), and homozygous individuals can be identified by exposure to halothane anesthesia. Previous studies have shown that in stress-susceptible pigs, exposure to a high ambient temperature resulted in a twofold increase in corticotropin (ACTH) and lower plasma cortisol. To determine whether there is a fundamental difference in adrenocortical function between halothane-sensitive (HAL-S) and halothane-resistant (HAL-R) pigs, independent of other factors influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we compared cortisol responses to ACTH and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cAMP) in HAL-S and HAL-R pig adrenocortical cells in vitro. We also determined directly the accumulation of four different mRNAs encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450(scc)), 17alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(17alpha)), 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(c21)) and 11beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(11beta)) in HAL-S pig adrenal cells and compared them to HAL-R pigs. A time- and dose-dependent increase in medium content of cortisol and cAMP was observed after ACTH treatment. 8-Br-cAMP also caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in cortisol production in the medium. Addition of ACTH or 8-Br-cAMP to HAL-S and HAL-R male Lanyu small-ear miniature pig adrenocortical cells increased cortisol production in a dose- and time-related manner. However, cells isolated from HAL-S pigs had a lower cortisol production in response to ACTH or 8-Br-cAMP compared to those from HAL-R pigs. Treatment of cultured cells with 8-Br-cAMP (0.5 mM) for 18 h resulted in a significant increase in P450(scc), P450(17alpha), P450(c21), and P450(11beta) mRNA levels. In the absence of 8-Br-cAMP, the four genes were expressed constitutively in both HAL-S and HAL-R pig adrenal cells. Densitometric scanning of the autoradiograph indicated that the relative amounts of P450(scc) and P450(17(alpha)) mRNAs in HAL-S pig adrenal cells were between 48% and 53% of those detected in HAL-R pig adrenal cells (P < 0.05). No difference in the amounts of P450(c21) and P450(11beta) was seen in HAL-S and HAL-R pig adrenal cells. Addition of 8-Br-cAMP (0.5 mM) resulted in a uniform increase in the levels of all four P450 mRNAs in both HAL-S and HAL-R pig adrenal cells. However, the amounts of P450(scc) mRNA in HAL-S pig adrenal cells were 67% (P < 0.05) of those measured in HAL-R pig adrenal cells, whereas the amounts of P450(17alpha ), P450(c21), and P450(11beta) mRNAs were similar in these cells. Our data suggest an HPA axis defect in HAL-S pigs at the adrenal level. This defect appears to be at the level of P450scc gene expression, which could be partially related to reduced cortisol production by ACTH stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible role of free radicals in nephrolithiasis in rats induced by ethylene glycol, and to examine the correlation between the urinary enzymes N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-galactosidase (GAL) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), and free radical production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperoxaluria was produced in male Wistar rats by adding ethylene glycol to their drinking water. After 7, 21 and 42 days of treatment, urinary oxalate, creatinine clearance and urinary enzymes (NAG, GAL and NEP) were measured. The nitroblue tetrazolium perfusion method was used to locate the sites of free-radical production. Ultrasensitive chemiluminescence was used to directly measure the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. Vitamin E and potassium citrate were fed to rats, in addition to ethylene glycol, to assess their effects on free radical production. RESULTS Urinary oxalate increased significantly and was associated with an increase in NAG and GAL at all sample times. However, urinary NEP activity was unchanged on day 7, although there was four times as much NEP on days 21 and 42 than in the control groups. Formazan particles in the renal cortex were scored as 3+ to 4+ in rats treated for 7 days with ethylene glycol. Blood ROS levels were also higher in this group than in the controls (P < 0.01). After vitamin E and potassium citrate treatment, blood ROS levels were lower than in rats treated with ethylene glycol alone. CONCLUSION Free radicals may be produced in the early stages of nephrolithiasis in rats fed with ethylene glycol. Free radicals occurred mainly in blood and might be associated with NEP inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Urology and Clinical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen CJ, Huang HS, Lin SB, Chang WC. Regulation of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase catalysis by phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in A431 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62:261-8. [PMID: 10882192 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2000.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of arachidonate metabolism in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells by phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) was studied. In order to study the effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the catalysis regulation of these oxygenation enzymes, diethyl maleate was used to deplete the intracellular GSH. In the presence of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, the enzymatic catalysis of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in the GSH-depleted cells. In terms of the inhibitory effect on 12-lipoxygenase, PHGPx was more sensitive to GSH concentrations than GPx1. Inhibition of PHGPx activity by the treatment of cells with antisense oligonucleotide of PHGPx mRNA increased the enzymatic catalysis of both cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase. In conclusion, the results indicate that catalysis of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase in A431 cells was regulated by redox-reaction, and PHGPx seems to play an important role in the controlling of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang HS, Lin PY. Characterization of novel 10-substituted 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenone derivatives by mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 2000; 24:20-5. [PMID: 10786935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthralin and its derivatives containing a variety of simple or functionalized aliphatic and aromatic substituents are of special interest in research on psoriasis. In this connection, 10-arylthio-1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones were synthesized and examined by means of mass spectrometry. In general, the molecules in question fragmented upon electron impact into ions at m/z 225 (C-S bond cleavage and charge retention at the anthralin component) and into ions of unknown structure at m/z 226, requiring H-migration from the S-bound substituent R into the anthralin moiety. Since mass spectrometry methods furnished us elegant, matchless means of tracing the amounts of material in the analysis, especially in the case of physiologically active compounds, we decided to use mass spectrometry procedures for unequivocal identification and purity determination of 10-arylthio-anthralins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang HS, Chen J, Teng LJ, Lai MK. Use of polymerase chain reaction to detect Proteus mirabilis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in urinary calculi. J Formos Med Assoc 1999; 98:844-50. [PMID: 10634025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting urea-splitting microorganisms in desiccated urinary tract infection stones. Seventy-eight urinary tract stones were tested for the presence of Proteus mirabilis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by means of PCR with species-specific primers. Twenty-seven stone samples were composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite (infection stone); 40 were calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate; seven were mixed, with struvite/carbonate apatite and calcium oxalate; and four were uric acid stones. PCR was performed with DNA extracted from pulverized stone pieces. Initial assays using the pulverized stone specimens spiked with microorganisms showed that PCR could not detect U. urealyticum at densities below 10(3) color changing units (CCU), or P. mirabilis at densities below 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU). PCR was negative for U. urealyticum and P. mirabilis in all metabolic stones from patients. P. mirabilis was detected by PCR in 10 of 34 patients with infection stones. Preoperative urine cultures grew P. mirabilis in three of these 10 patients, and were negative for P. mirabilis in the other seven. U. urealyticum was detected by PCR in stone samples from four patients, two of which were also PCR-positive for P. mirabilis. All four of these patients had infection stones: two had residual stones, and the other two had recurrence of urinary stones after their operations. These results demonstrate that microorganisms in urinary stones can be detected by PCR even when the voided urine culture is negative. Investigations into the role of bacterial infection in stone formation will require further improvements in the sensitivity of PCR assays for pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang HS, Chen CJ, Suzuki H, Yamamoto S, Chang WC. Inhibitory effect of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase on the activity of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 58:65-75. [PMID: 10560610 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The partially purified phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) from A431 cells was used to systematically compare the inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity of various lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. Under the standard assay system, platelet 12-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2 were the most sensitive to the inhibition by PHGPx. 5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 were less sensitive to the inhibition by PHGPx than platelet 12-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2, respectively, and the difference was approximately 10-fold. Reduction of 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by PHGPx was observed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and the inhibitory effect of PHGPx on 12-lipoxygenase-catalyzed arachidonate metabolism was reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide. The results indicate that PHGPx directly reduced lipid hydroperoxides and then down-regulated the activity of arachidonate oxygenases. Moreover, a high-level expression of PHGPx mRNA and its 12-lipoxygenase-inhibitory activity was observed in cancer cells and endothelial cells, and these results suggest that PHGPx may play a significant role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species formation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Huang HS, Chen CJ, Chang WC. The CCAAT-box binding factor NF-Y is required for the expression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:111-6. [PMID: 10428483 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Promoter activation in the expression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) gene in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells was studied in the present investigation. Luciferase reporter assays with plasmids carrying a 400 bp of the promoter DNA were performed to analyze the regulatory element in the proximal promoter of human PHGPx gene. Transient transfection with a series of 5'-deletion and internal truncation mutants showed that the 5'-flanking region spanning from -212 to -121 bp was important for the basal expression of PHGPx gene in A431 cells. A region from -170 to -140 bp was protected in DNase I footprinting assays and bound the nuclear proteins in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This region, denoted FP3, contains the consensus recognition sites for AP-2, CCAAT-box and CRE. The oligonucleotide competitor with the mutation at CCAAT-box could not eliminate the nuclear protein binding in gel-shift assay and the site-directed mutagenesis at the CCAAT-box decreased the luciferase activity of PHGPx promoter for approximate 50% in reporter gene assays. Competition experiments indicate that the binding of nuclear factor to the FP3 region was abolished by oligodeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to NF-Y/CP1 binding site to a greater extent than by those corresponding to sites for CTF/NFI and C/EBP. Taken together, the CCAAT-box in the promoter ranging from -156 to -151 bp, bound to NF-Y/CP1, was essential for the basal expression of human PHGPx gene in A431 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Pang WW, Kuo CL, Huang HS, Wong E, Tang JC, Huang MH. Epidural catheter placement in the rabbit--a novel approach. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37:79-82. [PMID: 10410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a pediatric epidural set and through caudal approach, we studied a relatively non-invasive technique for epidural percutaneous cannulation in rabbit for chronic laboratory investigations. METHODS Ten rabbits weighing over 3 kg were chosen and anesthetized with intravenous pentothal. A #19 pediatric Touhy needle and 23-gauge catheter were used for cannulation. Via the caudal approach, the epidural space could be located either by a "give" or with a technique of loss of resistance. Under fluoroscopy the catheter was tested with the injection of contrast medium for the confirmation of the proper position. The catheter was then tunneled under the skin and secured. The rabbits were kept in standard care for 4 weeks and then sacrificed by intraperitoneal pentothal overdose. A pathologist blinded to the study carefully examined the whole spine by laminectomy from cervical to coccyx and the findings were recorded. RESULTS With the injection of contrast medium, the final position of the catheter was validated by fluoroscopy in all rabbits. Two rabbits sustained immediate complications from the contrast medium and/or technique, of which one died shortly after the contrast medium injection and the other had weakness of the hind legs for a week. At sacrifice, all the catheters were found in good position. Two had hematoma associated with signs of trauma. One developed subcutaneous abscess. One had stitch infection of skin. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cannulation of epidural catheter is possible in the rabbit. Complications could be ameliorated by prudent approach in a skillful hand. It can be a reasonable model for the study of centrally administered medicines and their neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Pang
- Department of Anesthesia, Hsin Yun Ho General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Huang HS, Ito K, Yin CH, Kabashima T, Yoshimoto T. Cloning, sequencing, high expression, and crystallization of the thermophile Thermus aquaticus glycerol kinase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62:2375-81. [PMID: 9972264 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) is a key enzyme of glycerol uptake and metabolism in bacteria. Using PCR, we amplified and cloned a glycerol kinase gene, glpK, from Thermus aquaticus. The complete gene has 1488 base pairs, coding for a protein of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 54,814. The amino acid sequence deduced from T. aquaticus glpK was found to have identities of 97 and 81%, respectively, with those of Thermus flavus and Bacillus subtilis glpK genes. After overproduction in Escherichia coli, the expressed enzyme was easily purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography. The purified enzyme has been crystallized by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method at 22 degrees C. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of the B. subtilis enzyme showed that Ser and Lys are replaced by Ala and Arg, as was seen in mesophile and thermophile enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Chiu TY, Huang HS, Lai MK, Chen J, Hsieh TS, Chueh SC. Penile cancer in Taiwan--20 years' experience at National Taiwan University Hospital. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:673-8. [PMID: 9830276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the characteristics and prognostic factors of penile cancer in Taiwanese, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with a diagnosis of penile cancer treated during a 20-year period (1977-1996) at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). Of 71 patients treated for penile cancer during the study period, 17 were referred from other hospitals or clinics. Our analyses focused on the 54 previously untreated patients. Growth on the penis was the main symptom in all cases. Palpable inguinal lymph nodes were found only in 14 patients. All 54 patients with primary tumors were treated surgically. Pathologic examination showed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 43 cases, extra-mammary Paget's disease in three, verrucous carcinoma in three, Bowen's disease in two, cutaneous lymphoma in two and basal cell carcinoma in one. Twenty-six (48%) patients had stage I penile cancer, 13 (24%) had stage II, seven (13%) had stage III, and eight (15%) had stage IV cancer. The five-year survival rate was 78% among patients with SCC and 84% among those with nonsquamous malignancies (p = 0.80). The five-year cumulative survival rates according to Jackson's cancer stage were 100% for patients with stage I, 88.9% for those with stage II, 66.7% for those with stage III, and 0% for those with stage IV (p < 0.001). Tumor staging (p = 0.027) and adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.042) were found to be the most significant prognostic factors. Penile cancer accounted for 0.254% of all malignancies among male patients at the NTUH during the study period. Our findings indicate that penile cancer is uncommon in Taiwanese and its prognosis is closely related to tumor staging and management. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may lead to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Chiu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang HS, Hu NT, Yao YE, Wu CY, Chiang SW, Sun CN. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione S-transferase involved in insecticide resistance from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 28:651-658. [PMID: 9755475 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) isozymes have been characterized in the larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., a cosmopolitan insect pest of crucifiers. This work aimed at cloning and heterologously expressing the cDNA of DBM GST-3, an isozyme involved in this insect resistance to some organophosphorus insecticides, and studying the molecular basis for its increased expression in the resistant strains. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using midgut mRNA from a methyl parathion resistant MPA strain and degenerate primers complimentary to the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of GST-3 generated a 128 bp DNA product. A clone of 809 bp, obtained by screening a midgut cDNA library of MPA strain using this PCR product as probe, encoded a protein of 216 amino acids (calculated Mr 24,083 and pI 8.50). This GST of DBM, PxGST3, shared the highest (46.3%) amino acid sequence identity, among insects, to MsGST1 of Manduca sexta. PxGST3 mRNA level was considerably higher in MPA than in susceptible strains, and Southern blots suggested that gene amplification was probably not involved in the increased expression of this GST isozyme. Enzymatically active PxGST3 expressed heterologously in E. coli exhibited similar biochemical and toxicological properties as GST-3 purified from DBM larvae. It is the first cloned GST with a well-defined role in insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder and may be complicated with hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus (DI) due to invasion of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. In this study, 10 patients with complete (4) and partial (6) type central DI were found among 125 LCH patients in our hospital records. The water deprivation test, followed by the pitressin test, was performed to confirm DI. Hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine function tests were carried out on these 10 patients at the initial diagnosis and during follow-up. All patients revealed growth hormone insufficiency in the insulin hypoglycemic tolerance test. Four patients had impairment of cortisol secretion, demonstrated by insulin hypoglycemic stimulating test results. Two patients had poor response in the thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulating test. Two patients had only partial responses in the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone test. Four patients had hyperprolactinemia. All patients underwent surgical treatment followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. One patient completely recovered from the endocrine disorder, 3 patients required smaller doses of desmopressin, and one patient had normal adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal function. Hypothalamic-pituitary disorders in LCH should not be neglected. Treatment of LCH can partially or completely reverse associated endocrine disorders. Therefore, endocrine studies and hormone replacement should be mandatory for patients with LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical, Linkou, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms, with poor prognosis being reported by most authors. The benefits of surgery for most cases of advanced disease remain controversial. In this study we asked the following question: Does surgical intervention alter outcomes for patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma? Forty-six patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were analyzed. There were 20 patients with advanced localized disease (group 1), 15 of whom received surgery. Of the other 26 patients with evidence of distant metastases (group 2), 13 received surgery. For group 1 patients, the mean survival was 12.8 months versus 8.6 months in the surgical and nonsurgical subgroups (p = 0.46). For group 2 patients, the mean survival was 3.5 months versus 2.8 months in the surgical and nonsurgical subgroups (p = 0.72). These data suggest that surgery does not improve survival for patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, the mean survival showed no significant differences between surgical and nonsurgical patients (p = 0.43). This study suggests that surgical resection does not improve the survival of patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical College and Memorial Hospital, Kweishen County, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
An endogenous lipoxygenase inhibitor, purified from the cytosol of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, was analyzed by N-terminal microsequencing and mass spectrometric analysis. The inhibitor was purified by SDS-PAGE, then subjected to in-gel CNBr cleavage and trypsin digestion. The N-terminal sequence data obtained from a 6-8 kDa band of in-gel CNBr cleavage and the three isolated peptides of in-gel trypsin digestion, and the C-terminal peptide sequence from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry matched the sequence of human phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. The purified inhibitor exhibited peroxidase activity using phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides as the substrate. We therefore concluded that the lipoxygenase inhibitor present in A431 cells was a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Juang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Juang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang HS, Kabashima T, Ito K, Yin CH, Nishiya Y, Kawamura Y, Yoshimoto T. Thermostable glycerol kinase from Thermus flavus: cloning, sequencing, and expression of the enzyme gene. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1382:186-90. [PMID: 9540790 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(97)00206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The thermostable glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) gene from Thermus flavus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha. An open reading frame of 1488 bp for the glycerol kinase gene (glpK) starting with an ATG methionine codon was found, which encodes a protein of 496 amino acid residues whose calculated molecular weight is 54,835. The amino acid sequence of T. flavus glycerol kinase is 80.6% and 64.1% identical with those of Bacillus subtilis and E. coli. Transformants of E. coli DH5 alpha harboring plasmid pGYK12 with a 1505 bp chromosomal DNA fragment containing the T. flavus glycerol kinase gene showed about 23.8-fold higher glycerol kinase activity than T. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aggressive malignant thyroid tumors (AMTT) may mimic the clinical symptoms and signs of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) in the early course of the disease process. Our objective was to analyze the clinical features of these two conditions, to assess the best way of early diagnosis, and to propose proper treatment. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical features of 30 patients, who had similar clinical pictures of AST and were managed at Chang Gung Memorial Medical Center in Linkou, Taiwan, during the period from 1983 to 1996. These patients were consequently diagnosed as either AST or AMTT. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Among the 30 patients, 25 patients (Male/Female (M/F) ratio = 9/16) were diagnosed as having AST and 5 (M/F ratio = 1/4) as AMTT. After statistical analysis we concluded that the presence of the following factors, namely, older age at diagnosis (P = 0.0155), history of dysphonia (P = 0.0325), right thyroid lobe involvement (P = 0.0151), large size of lesions (P = 0.0013), presence of anemia (P = 0.0075), and sterile pus cultures from thyroid aspirates (P = 0.0013) were cause to suspect a malignancy if the condition did not improve after antibiotics. Delay in diagnosis and management of AMTT may result in a poor prognosis (P = 0.0082). CONCLUSION Due to the high mortality rate of AMTT, we should closely observe the patients with poor prognostic variables of acute thyroiditis. Earlier detection and aggressive surgical intervention for AMTT might improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Medical Center, Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Furnari FB, Lin H, Huang HS, Cavenee WK. Growth suppression of glioma cells by PTEN requires a functional phosphatase catalytic domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:12479-84. [PMID: 9356475 PMCID: PMC25009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.23.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions of all or part of chromosome 10 are the most common genetic alterations in high-grade gliomas. The PTEN gene (also called MMAC1 and TEP1) maps to chromosome region 10q23 and has been implicated as a target of alteration in gliomas and also in other cancers such as those of the breast, prostate, and kidney. Here we sought to provide a functional test of its candidacy as a growth suppressor in glioma cells. We used a combination of Northern blot analysis, protein truncation assays, and sequence analysis to determine the types and frequency of PTEN mutations in glioma cell lines so that we could define appropriate recipients to assess the growth suppressive function of PTEN by gene transfer. Introduction of wild-type PTEN into glioma cells containing endogenous mutant alleles caused growth suppression, but was without effect in cells containing endogenous wild-type PTEN. The ectopic expression of PTEN alleles, which carried mutations found in primary tumors and have been shown or are expected to inactivate its phosphatase activity, caused little growth suppression. These data strongly suggest that PTEN is a protein phosphatase that exhibits functional and specific growth-suppressing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA.
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Müller K, Prinz H, Gawlik I, Ziereis K, Huang HS. Simple analogues of anthralin: unusual specificity of structure and antiproliferative activity. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3773-80. [PMID: 9371243 DOI: 10.1021/jm970292n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-nine simple analogues of the antipsoriatic agent, anthralin, have been prepared by modifying the positions of the 1,8-hydroxyl groups, replacement of the hydroxyl groups, substitution at the oxygen functions, introduction of additional functional groups into various positions of the anthracenone nucleus, or removal of particular structural elements. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative action against human keratinocytes and inhibition of the generation of leukotriene B4 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which may be useful to resolve the proliferative and inflammatory aspects of psoriasis, respectively. Even though many anthracenones were more potent inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis than anthralin, none of the compounds was substantially more effective as this drug in suppressing keratinocyte cell growth. There is an absolute requirement for two hydroxyl groups peri to a hydrogen bond acceptor such as a keto or an imino group for high potency. In addition to further delineating the nature of the pharmacophore for this class of compounds, also naphthalenedione with a peri hydroxyl group was identified as a pharmacophore with antiproliferative activity against keratinocyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Müller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
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Cheng SY, Nagane M, Huang HS, Cavenee WK. Intracerebral tumor-associated hemorrhage caused by overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms VEGF121 and VEGF165 but not VEGF189. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:12081-7. [PMID: 9342366 PMCID: PMC23709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.22.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be a significant mediator of angiogenesis during a variety of normal and pathological processes, including tumor development. Human U87MG glioblastoma cells express the three VEGF isoforms: VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189. Here, we have investigated whether these three isoforms have distinct roles in glioblastoma angiogenesis. Clones that overexpressed each isoform were derived and inoculated into mouse brains. Mice that received VEGF121- and VEGF165-overexpressing cells developed intracerebral hemorrhages after 60-90 hr. In contrast, mice implanted with VEGF189-overexpressing cells had only slightly larger tumors than those caused by parental cells and little evidence of hemorrhage at these early times after implantation, whereas, after longer periods of growth, enhanced angiogenicity and tumorigenicity were apparent. There was rapid blood vessel growth and breakdown around the tumors caused by cells overexpressing VEGF121 and VEGF165, whereas there was similar vascularization but no eruption in the vicinity of those tumors caused by cells overexpressing VEGF189, and none on the border of the tumors caused by the parental cells. Thus, by introducing VEGF-overexpressing glioblastoma cells into the brain, we have established a reproducible and predictable in vivo model of tumor-associated intracerebral hemorrhage caused by the enhanced expression of single molecular species. Such a model should be useful for uncovering the role of VEGF isoforms in the mechanisms of angiogenesis and for investigating intracerebral hemorrhage due to ischemic stroke or congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cheng
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
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Lin KD, Lin JD, Huang MJ, Huang HS, Jeng LB, Chao TC, Ho YS. Clinical presentations and predictive variables of thyroid microcarcinoma with distant metastasis. Int Surg 1997; 82:378-81. [PMID: 9412835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid microcarcinoma is not an uncommon disorder. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical presentation and predictive factors for patients with thyroid microcarcinomas who have distant metastases. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical variables of 97 patients with thyroid microcarcinoma during the period from 1977 to 1995. The patients were divided into 2 groups representing patients with and without distant metastases. These data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U, chi 2 and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Of the 97 patients with thyroid microcarcinomas, there were 6 (6.2%) cases (F/M = 5/1) with distant metastases. Among them, 4 cases were papillary carcinomas and 2 cases were follicular carcinomas. The parameters: age at diagnosis (P = 0.0137), one month postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level (P = 0.0215), cervical lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0097), and follicular cell type (P = 0.0079), were determined to be factors predictive for distant metastases by statistical analysis. There were no statistical differences between gender (P = 0.5781), postoperative 131I uptake (P = 0.1238), tumor size (P = 0.0571), preoperative thyroid function (P = 0.4425), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (P = 0.9723), preoperative thyroid scan (P = 0.9765), and operative methods (P = 0.1060) between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Most thyroid microcarcinomas presented with relatively benign clinical courses, but patients with adverse predictive factors need more aggressive interventions to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Center, Linkou, Taiwan
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Chen CJ, Huang HS, Lee YT, Yang CY, Chang WC. Characterization and purification of a lipoxygenase inhibitor in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Biochem J 1997; 327 ( Pt 1):193-8. [PMID: 9355752 PMCID: PMC1218780 DOI: 10.1042/bj3270193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A lipoxygenase inhibitor in the cytosolic fraction of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells was characterized and purified. The cytosolic inhibitor lost the inhibitory activity upon heating at 75 degrees C for 15 min or pretreating with 1 mg/ml trypsin at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Cytosol, after dialysis, lost the inhibitory activity but its inhibitory activity recovered when 1 mM GSH was added to the dialysate. The inhibitory activity of cytosol was also abolished by treatment either with 1 mM iodoacetate at 4 degrees C for 1 h or with 0.5 mM H2O2. The pI of the inhibitor was approx. 7.0. In addition to 12-lipoxygenase, the inhibitor inhibited the activities of 5-lipoxygenase and fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase in a cell-free system. The inhibitor was purified by a series of column chromatographies using CM Sephadex C-50, Sephadex G-100 SF and Mono P columns. A major 22 kDa protein was obtained that was distinct from selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
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Marron MP, Raffel LJ, Garchon HJ, Jacob CO, Serrano-Rios M, Martinez Larrad MT, Teng WP, Park Y, Zhang ZX, Goldstein DR, Tao YW, Beaurain G, Bach JF, Huang HS, Luo DF, Zeidler A, Rotter JI, Yang MC, Modilevsky T, Maclaren NK, She JX. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with CTLA4 polymorphisms in multiple ethnic groups. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6:1275-82. [PMID: 9259273 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.8.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Linkage disequilibrium (association) analysis was used to evaluate a candidate region near the CTLA4/CD28 genes using a multi-ethnic collection of families with one or more children affected by IDDM. In the data set unique to this study (Spanish, French, Mexican-American, Chinese and Korean), the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) revealed a highly significant deviation for transmission of alleles at the (AT)n microsatellite marker in the 3' untranslated region (P = 0.002) and the A/G polymorphism in the first exon (P = 0.00002) of the CTLA4 gene. The overall evidence for transmission deviation of the CTLA4 A/G alleles is also highly significant (P = 0.00005) in the combined data set (669 multiplex and 357 simplex families) from this study and a previous report on families from USA, Italy, UK, Spain and Sardinia. Significant heterogeneity was observed in these data sets. The British, Sardinian and Chinese data sets did not show any deviation for the A/G polymorphism, while the Caucasian-American data set showed a weak transmission deviation. Strong deviation for transmission was seen in the three Mediterranean-European populations (Italian, Spanish and French) (P = 10(-5)), the Mexican-American population (P = 0.002) and the Korean population (P = 0.03). These results suggest that a true IDDM susceptibility locus (designated IDDM12) is located near CTLA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Marron
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Hsu BR, Fu SH, Hsueh C, Tsai JS, Huang YY, Huang HS. 15-Deoxyspergualin attenuates pericapsular cellular infiltration and prolongs survival of alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microencapsulated islets. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2158-60. [PMID: 9193570 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan Hsien, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Juang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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