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Pierre JF, Hinterleitner R, Bouziat R, Hubert N, Leone V, Miyoshi J, Jabri B, Chang EB. Data on changes to mucosal inflammation and the intestinal microbiota following dietary micronutrients in genetically susceptible hosts. Data Brief 2018; 20:387-393. [PMID: 30175203 PMCID: PMC6116341 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
These data support the findings that dietary micronutrients influence the inflammatory responses and intestinal microbial community structure and function in a model of pouchitis-like small bowel inflammation reported in “Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrients Alter Mucosal Inflammatory Risk in a Murine Model of Genetic and Microbial Susceptibility” (Pierre et al., 2018) [1]. Briefly, wild-type and IL-10 deficient mice underwent surgical placement of small intestinal self-filling loops (SFL) and were subsequently fed purified control diet (CONT) or control diet supplemented with 4 micronutrients (AOX), retinoic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium, for 14 days. These data include changes in host markers, such as body weight, mucosal levels of myeloperoxidase and syndecan-1, and luminal IgA and IgG levels. These data also include changes in the microbial compartment, including 16S community structure in the self-filling loop, conventionalized germ-free mice, and microbial substrate preference performed through anaerobic bacterial culturing of SLF CONT and AOX microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Pierre
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Hinterleitner
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Bouziat
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Hubert
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V Leone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Miyoshi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Jabri
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Silva A, Miyoshi J, Diniz J, Doi I, Godoy J. The Surface Texturing of Monocrystalline Silicon with NH4OH and Ion Implantation for Applications in Solar Cells Compatible with CMOS Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Henrikson NB, Tuzzio L, Loggers ET, Miyoshi J, Buist DSM. Patient and oncologist discussions about cancer care costs. Support Care Cancer 2013. [PMID: 24276955 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-2050-x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient out-of-pocket costs are higher for cancer care than for any other health-care sector. Oncologist-patient discussions of costs are not well understood. We conducted an exploratory interview study to examine the frequency, patterns, attitudes, and preferences of both patients and providers on discussion of treatment costs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with oncology clinicians and people receiving chemotherapy at a large nonprofit health system. Multiple investigators conducted thematic analysis using modified content analysis, grounded theory, and interaction analysis methods. RESULTS Patient themes included the relevance of cost to their experience, preference for the doctor to be the starting point of cost discussions, but relative infrequency of discussions with doctors or other care team member. Provider themes were an emphasis on clinical benefit above costs, conviction that cost-related decisions should rest with patients, and lack of access to treatment costs. Interest in discussing costs and barriers accessing cost information were common themes from both patients and providers. CONCLUSIONS Doctors and patients want to discuss treatment costs but lack access to them. These data support growing evidence for a provider role in discussions of cost during cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora B Henrikson
- Group Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA,
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4
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Henrikson NB, Tuzzio L, Loggers ET, Miyoshi J, Buist DSM. Patient and oncologist discussions about cancer care costs. Support Care Cancer 2013; 22:961-7. [PMID: 24276955 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-2050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient out-of-pocket costs are higher for cancer care than for any other health-care sector. Oncologist-patient discussions of costs are not well understood. We conducted an exploratory interview study to examine the frequency, patterns, attitudes, and preferences of both patients and providers on discussion of treatment costs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with oncology clinicians and people receiving chemotherapy at a large nonprofit health system. Multiple investigators conducted thematic analysis using modified content analysis, grounded theory, and interaction analysis methods. RESULTS Patient themes included the relevance of cost to their experience, preference for the doctor to be the starting point of cost discussions, but relative infrequency of discussions with doctors or other care team member. Provider themes were an emphasis on clinical benefit above costs, conviction that cost-related decisions should rest with patients, and lack of access to treatment costs. Interest in discussing costs and barriers accessing cost information were common themes from both patients and providers. CONCLUSIONS Doctors and patients want to discuss treatment costs but lack access to them. These data support growing evidence for a provider role in discussions of cost during cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora B Henrikson
- Group Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA,
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5
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Horner K, Ludman EJ, McCorkle R, Canfield E, Flaherty L, Min J, Miyoshi J, Lapham B, Bowles EJA, Wagner EH. An oncology nurse navigator program designed to eliminate gaps in early cancer care. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2013; 17:43-8. [PMID: 23372095 DOI: 10.1188/13.cjon.43-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the burden of a cancer diagnosis for patients is profound, healthcare systems often fail to address patients' and families' psychosocial, information, and care coordination needs. The authors of this article designed an oncology nurse navigator program to proactively address these care gaps and tested the program's effectiveness in providing high-quality cancer care through a randomized, controlled trial. The program's model was informed by research synthesizing the perspectives of patients, families, clinicians, and experts throughout the country. The authors systematically incorporated feedback from participating clinical departments to improve the effectiveness of the program. This article details the intervention to help inform other systems interested in implementing an oncology nurse navigator program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Horner
- Group Health Cooperative-Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Kishikawa H, Nishida J, Takarabe S, Arahata K, Ito A, Miyoshi J, Kaida S, Hibi T. "Circular reddish lesions": a possibly characteristic endoscopic finding in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Endoscopy 2013; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E33-4. [PMID: 23526504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
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Lee YS, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi O, Kim HJ, Yokota-Hashimoto H, Shimpuku M, Susanti VY, Ido-Kitamura Y, Kimura K, Inoue H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Ohya S, Tanaka Y, Kitajima S, Kitamura T. Hypothalamic ATF3 is involved in regulating glucose and energy metabolism in mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1383-93. [PMID: 23462798 PMCID: PMC3648686 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The pancreas and hypothalamus are critical for maintaining nutrient and energy homeostasis, and combined disorders in these organs account for the onset of the metabolic syndrome. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an adaptive response transcription factor. The physiological role of ATF3 in the pancreas has been controversial, and its role in the hypothalamus remains unknown. To elucidate the roles of ATF3 in these organs, we generated pancreas- and hypothalamus-specific Atf3 knockout (PHT-Atf3-KO) mice in this study. METHODS We crossed mice bearing floxed Atf3 alleles with Pdx1-cre mice, in which cre is specifically expressed in the pancreas and hypothalamus, and analysed metabolic variables, pancreatic morphology, food intake, energy expenditure and sympathetic activity in adipose tissue. We also used a hypothalamic cell line to investigate the molecular mechanism by which ATF3 regulates transcription of the gene encoding agouti-related protein (Agrp). RESULTS Although PHT-Atf3-KO mice displayed better glucose tolerance, neither plasma glucagon nor insulin level was altered in these mice. However, these mice exhibited higher insulin sensitivity, which was accompanied by a leaner phenotype due to decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. We also observed decreased hypothalamic Agrp expression in PHT-Atf3-KO mice. Importantly, an increase in ATF3 levels is induced by fasting or low glucose in the hypothalamus. We also showed that ATF3 interacts with forkhead box-containing protein, O subfamily 1 (FoxO1) on the Agrp promoter and activates Agrp transcription. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that ATF3 plays an important role in the control of glucose and energy metabolism by regulating Agrp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-S. Lee
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - O. Kikuchi
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - H. Yokota-Hashimoto
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - M. Shimpuku
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - V.-Y. Susanti
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - Y. Ido-Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H. Inoue
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka-Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - J. Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - S. Ohya
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
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Kishikawa H, Nishida J, Takarabe S, Arahata K, Ito A, Miyoshi J, Kaida S, Hibi T. Video capsule endoscopy findings in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2013; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E416. [PMID: 23169043 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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Taketani K, Kawauchi J, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Ishizaki H, Tanaka Y, Sakai T, Miyoshi J, Maehara Y, Kitajima S. Key role of ATF3 in p53-dependent DR5 induction upon DNA damage of human colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2011; 31:2210-21. [PMID: 21927023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress response gene ATF3 is one of the p53 target genes and has a tumor suppressor role in cancer. However, the biological role of p53-ATF3 pathway is not well understood. Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a death domain-containing transmembrane receptor that triggers cell death upon binding to its ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), and a combination of TRAIL and agents that increase the expression of DR5 is expected as a novel anticancer therapy. In this report, we demonstrate that ATF3 is required for efficient DR5 induction upon DNA damage by camptothecin (CPT) in colorectal cancer cells. In the absence of ATF3, induction of DR5 messenger RNA and protein is remarkably abrogated, and this is associated with reduced cell death by TRAIL and CPT. By contrast, exogenous expression of ATF3 causes more rapid and elevated expression of DR5, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to apoptotic cell death by TRAIL/CPT. Reporter assay and DNA affinity precipitation assay demonstrate that at least three ATF/CRE motifs at the proximal promoter of the human DR5 gene are involved in the activation of DNA damage-induced DR5 gene transcription. Furthermore, ATF3 is shown to interact with p53 to form a complex on the DR5 gene by Re-chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the role of ATF3 as an essential co-transcription factor for p53 upon DNA damage, and this may represent a useful biomarker for TRAIL-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taketani
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Nitta M, Yogo K, Ohashi M, Akiyama M, Kunitomo Y, Ogawa T, Ishida-Kitagawa N, Miyoshi J, Sato E, Takeya T. Identification and expression analysis of connexin-45 and connexin-60 as major connexins in porcine oocytes. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3269-79. [PMID: 20562362 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian oogenesis, intercellular communication between oocytes and the surrounding follicle cells through gap junction channels is crucial for oocyte development and maturation. The channel properties of gap junctions may be affected by the composition or combination of connexins, the expression of which is regulated by gonadotropins and other factors. Thus, identification and expression analysis of connexin genes in oocytes and follicle cells will help us to better understand how oogenesis and folliculogenesis are regulated in a species-specific manner in mammals. We previously reported the spatiotemporal expression of multiple connexin genes in porcine follicle cells. Here, we searched for connexin genes specifically expressed in porcine oocytes that may be involved in the formation of gap junctions between oocytes and follicle cells. To achieve this, we constructed an oocyte-specific cDNA library to identify which connexin genes are expressed in these cells and found that gap junction protein, alpha 10, which encodes connexin-60, and a porcine ortholog of mouse gap junction protein, gamma 1 encoding connexin-45, are the major connexins expressed in porcine oocytes during folliculogenesis. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization of sectioned porcine ovaries confirmed oocyte expression of these genes at 3 different stages of ovary development. Furthermore, their gap junction channel activity was assessed using a heterologous cell system. However, gap junction protein, alpha 4, which encodes connexin-37 and is expressed in the oocytes of several other mammals, was undetectable. We demonstrate that there is diversity in the connexin genes expressed in mammalian oocytes, and hence in the gap junctions connecting oocytes and cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nitta
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Abe A, Fukui H, Fujii S, Kono T, Mukawa K, Yoshitake N, Sekikawa A, Ichikawa K, Tomita S, Yamagishi H, Imai Y, Shinoda M, Ishizaki H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Kubota K, Miyoshi J, Takai Y, Fujimori T. Role of Necl-5 in the pathophysiology of colorectal lesions induced by dimethylhydrazine and/or dextran sodium sulphate. J Pathol 2009; 217:42-53. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Gorovoy M, Neamu R, Niu J, Miyoshi J, Takai Y, Voyno-Yasenetskaya T. 4 INCREASED ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN RHOGDI ALPHA NULL MICE DUE TO THE ACTIVATION OF RHOA SIGNALING CASCADE. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00206.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kikuchi T, Yoshikai Y, Miyoshi J, Katsuki M, Musikacharoen T, Mitani A, Tanaka S, Noguchi T, Matsuguchi T. Cot/Tpl2 is essential for RANKL induction by lipid A in osteoblasts. J Dent Res 2003; 82:546-50. [PMID: 12821717 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogenic factor that increases bone resorption in periodontal diseases. LPS treatment of osteoblasts was shown to induce the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), an essential secretory or membrane-bound factor for osteoclast function, in a manner dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. However, the mechanisms regulating this process remained unknown. Here, we show that RANKL mRNA induction and ERK activation, when treated with synthetic lipid A (an active center of LPS), were markedly reduced in mouse osteoblasts lacking Cot/Tpl2, which was recently recognized as an essential kinase for the induction of TNF-alpha by LPS in macrophages. In contrast, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 kinase, Raf-1, and NF-kappa B were normally activated in cot/tpl2-/- osteoblasts. These findings indicate that Cot/Tpl2 is essential for LPS-induced ERK activation and RANKL induction in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Host Defense and Germfree Life, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Ayaki M, Komatsu K, Mukai M, Murata K, Kameyama M, Ishiguro S, Miyoshi J, Tatsuta M, Nakamura H. Reduced expression of focal adhesion kinase in liver metastases compared with matched primary human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:3106-12. [PMID: 11595702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is implicated in integrin-mediated signal transduction pathways used in cell adhesion, cell motility, apoptosis, and anchorage-independent growth. Because cancer invasion and metastasis are thought to be associated with alterations in cellular adhesive and motile properties, we studied the expression of four focal adhesion proteins including FAK in matched samples of human normal colorectal mucosa (N), primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (T) and liver metastases (M) from 10 patients by Western blot analysis. This gave us the advantage of directly comparing levels of focal adhesion protein expression within the same genetic background. Average FAK expression level was significantly higher in T than in N and it was significantly lower in M than in T. Average paxillin expression level was also significantly higher in T than in N, but it was not significantly different between T and M. Similar results were obtained by immunohistochemical analyses of FAK and paxillin expression. Average vinculin and talin expression levels showed no significant differences among these three samples (N, T, and M). These data demonstrate that the FAK expression level increases in primary tumors compared with normal mucosa and decreases in liver metastases to the level of normal mucosa in the majority of human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Up- and down-regulation of FAK protein expression observed in this study may have a profound effect on the signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ayaki
- Department of Tumor Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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15
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Tanaka M, Miyoshi J, Ishizaki H, Togawa A, Ohnishi K, Endo K, Matsubara K, Mizoguchi A, Nagano T, Sato M, Sasaki T, Takai Y. Role of Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein in synaptic vesicle trafficking at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:1421-30. [PMID: 11359932 PMCID: PMC34594 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.5.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab3 small G protein family consists of four members, Rab3A, -3B, -3C, and -3D. Of these members, Rab3A regulates Ca(2+)-dependent neurotransmitter release. These small G proteins are activated by Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein (Rab3 GEP). To determine the function of Rab3 GEP during neurotransmitter release, we have knocked out Rab3 GEP in mice. Rab3 GEP-/- mice developed normally but died immediately after birth. Embryos at E18.5 showed no evoked action potentials of the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles in response to electrical stimulation of the phrenic and sciatic nerves, respectively. In contrast, axonal conduction of the spinal cord and the phrenic nerve was not impaired. Total numbers of synaptic vesicles, especially those docked at the presynaptic plasma membrane, were reduced at the neuromuscular junction approximately 10-fold compared with controls, whereas postsynaptic structures and functions appeared normal. Thus, Rab3 GEP is essential for neurotransmitter release and probably for formation and trafficking of the synaptic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Takai Biotimer Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Kamiya H, Togawa A, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Endo K, Mizoguchi A, Ozawa S, Takai Y. Role of rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha in regulating plasticity of hippocampal neurotransmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11587-92. [PMID: 11027356 PMCID: PMC17244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.21.11587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (Rab GDIalpha) is a regulator of the Rab small G proteins implicated in neurotransmission, and mutations of Rab GDIalpha cause human X-linked mental retardation associated with epileptic seizures. In Rab GDIalpha-deficient mice, synaptic potentials in the CA1 region of the hippocampus displayed larger enhancement during repetitive stimulation, which was apparently opposite to the phenotype of Rab3A-deficient mice. Furthermore, the Rab GDIalpha-deficient mice showed hypersensitivity to bicuculline, an inducer of epileptic seizures. These results suggest that Rab GDIalpha plays a specialized role in Rab3A recycling to suppress hyperexcitability via modulation of presynaptic forms of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishizaki
- Takai Biotimer Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o JCR Pharmaceuticals, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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17
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Komatsu K, Kobune-Fujiwara Y, Andoh A, Ishiguro S, Hunai H, Suzuki N, Kameyama M, Murata K, Miyoshi J, Akedo H, Tatsuta M, Nakamura H. Increased expression of S100A6 at the invading fronts of the primary lesion and liver metastasis in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:769-74. [PMID: 10952782 PMCID: PMC2363535 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two members of the S100 gene family, S100A6 and S100A4 have been suggested to be associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. To study their involvement in the malignancy of human colorectal adenocarcinoma, we examined the protein expression levels of S100A6 and S100A4 in the primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (T) and paired adjacent normal colorectal mucosa (N) from 12 cases, quantitatively by Western blot analysis. In 11 of 12 and seven of 12 cases, S100A6 and S100A4 expression levels were higher in T than in N, respectively. Average S100A6 level in T was significantly higher than in N (about x 2.3;P = 0.001), whereas average S100A4 level in T was not. When S100A6 expression levels in three sets of matched samples of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (T) and liver metastasis (M) were examined, S100A6 levels were higher in M than in T in two of three cases. Immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal anti-S100A6 antibody showed that 23 of 42 (55%) primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and 15 of 16 (94%) liver metastasis specimens were positively stained. S100A6 immunostaining of primary colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly more intense in the invading fronts with structural atypia than in central portions with glandular structure (P< 0.0001), whereas Ki-67 staining (a growth marker) was similar in these two portions. Interestingly, S100A6 and Ki-67 immunostaining patterns in liver metastases were also the same as in primary lesions. These results suggest that S100A6 is involved in the invasive process of human colorectal adenocarcinomas and that S100A6 expression levels decrease when carcinoma cells form glandular structure again at the central portions of metastatic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komatsu
- Department of Tumor Biochemistry, Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Ise K, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Shimizu S, Harada H, Ichise T, Miyoshi J, Gondo Y, Ishikawa T, Aiba A, Katsuki M. Targeted deletion of the H-ras gene decreases tumor formation in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2000; 19:2951-6. [PMID: 10871846 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of the H-Ras in vivo, we generated H-ras null mutant mice by gene targeting. In spite of the importance of the Ras in cell proliferation and differentiation, H-ras null mutant mice grew normally and were fertile. The oldest H-ras mutant mice grew to be more than 30 months old. We used the H-ras deficient mice to study the importance of the H-ras and other ras genes in the development of skin tumors induced by initiation with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We showed that H-ras null mutant mice develop approximately six times less papillomas compared with wild-type littermates after 20 weeks of TPA treatment. While all papillomas examined (17 out of 17) in wild-type mice have mutations of H-ras at codon 61, 13 (62%) out of 21 papillomas in H-ras null mutant mice have mutations of K-ras gene at codon 12, 13, or 61 and another eight (38%) papillomas have no mutations in these codons of K-ras or N-ras genes. This suggests that the activation of H-ras gene is critical in the wild-type mice, but the activation of K-ras gene can replace the H-ras activation in the initiation step of skin tumor development in the H-ras deficient mice. Oncogene (2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ise
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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19
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Takakura A, Miyoshi J, Ishizaki H, Tanaka M, Togawa A, Nishizawa Y, Yoshida H, Nishikawa SI, Takai Y. Involvement of a small GTP-binding protein (G protein) regulator, small G protein GDP dissociation stimulator, in antiapoptotic cell survival signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:1875-86. [PMID: 10793158 PMCID: PMC14890 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.5.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (Smg GDS) regulates GDP/GTP exchange reaction of Ki-Ras and the Rho and Rap1 family members and inhibits their binding to membranes. In fibroblasts, Smg GDS shows mitogenic and transforming activities in cooperation with Ki-Ras. However, the physiological function of Smg GDS remains unknown. Here we show that mice lacking Smg GDS died of heart failure shortly after birth, not resulting from developmental heart defects but from enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes triggered by cardiovascular overload. Furthermore, neonatal thymocytes and developing neuronal cells underwent apoptotic cell death. Smg GDS-/- thymocytes were susceptible to apoptotic inducers, such as etoposide and UV irradiation. Smg GDS-/- thymocytes were protected from etoposide-induced cell death by ex vivo transduction of the Smg GDS cDNA. These phenotypes partly coincide with those observed in Ki-Ras-deficient mice, suggesting that Smg GDS is involved in antiapoptotic cell survival signaling through Ki-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takakura
- Takai Biotimer Project, Exploratory Research in Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o JCR Pharmaceuticals, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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20
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Komatsu K, Andoh A, Ishiguro S, Suzuki N, Hunai H, Kobune-Fujiwara Y, Kameyama M, Miyoshi J, Akedo H, Nakamura H. Increased expression of S100A6 (Calcyclin), a calcium-binding protein of the S100 family, in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:172-7. [PMID: 10656447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression of S100A6 (also known as Calcyclin/2A9/ 5B10/PRA) in surgically resected human colorectal adenocarcinomas was examined to investigate whether S100A6 plays a role in the malignancy of human tumor cells. Western blot analysis using the lysates from colorectal adenocarcinomas and adjacent normal mucosa from 10 patients revealed that the average S100A6 level of adenocarcinomas was significantly higher (about 2.4-fold) than that of normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens and monoclonal anti-S100A6 antibody (mAbA6) demonstrated that 2(5%) of 42 normal mucosa and 6 (46%) of 13 adenoma specimens were mAbA6-positive and showed granular staining localized at the supranuclear regions of epithelial cells, whereas 23 (55%) of 42 adenocarcinomas and 13 (100%) of 13 carcinoma cells that metastasized to the liver were mAbA6-positive and showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining. A significant correlation between S100A6 expression and Dukes' tumor stage or lymphatic permeation but not with other clinicopathological factors was shown. S100A6 was stained more intensely in peripheral portions than in central portions of adenocarcinomas, whereas Ki-67 (a growth marker) was stained equally in these two portions. These results suggest that S100A6 may be involved in the progression and invasive process of human colorectal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komatsu
- Department of Tumor Biochemistry Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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21
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Togawa A, Miyoshi J, Ishizaki H, Tanaka M, Takakura A, Nishioka H, Yoshida H, Doi T, Mizoguchi A, Matsuura N, Niho Y, Nishimune Y, Nishikawa SI, Takai Y. Progressive impairment of kidneys and reproductive organs in mice lacking Rho GDIalpha. Oncogene 1999; 18:5373-80. [PMID: 10498891 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Rho small G protein family members regulate various actin cytoskeleton-dependent cell functions. The Rho GDI (GDP dissociation inhibitor) family, consisting of Rho GDIalpha, -beta, and -gamma, is a regulator that keeps the Rho family members in the cytosol as the GDP-bound inactive form and translocates the GDP-bound form from the membranes to the cytosol after the GTP-bound form accomplishes their functions. Rho GDIalpha is ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues and shows GDI activity on all the Rho family members in vitro. We have generated mice lacking Rho GDIalpha by homologous recombination to clarify its in vivo function. Rho GDIalpha -/- mice showed several abnormal phenotypes. Firstly, Rho GDIalpha -/- mice were initially viable but developed massive proteinuria mimicking nephrotic syndrome, leading to death due to renal failure within a year. Histologically, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells and dilatation of distal and collecting tubules were readily detected in the kidneys. Secondly, Rho GDIalpha -/- male mice were infertile and showed impaired spermatogenesis with vacuolar degeneration of seminiferous tubules in their testes. Thirdly, Rho GDIalpha -/- embryos derived from Rho GDIalpha -/- female mice were defective in the postimplantation development. In addition, these morphological and functional abnormalities showed age-dependent progression. These results suggest that the signaling pathways of the Rho family members regulated by Rho GDIalpha play important roles in maintaining the structure and physiological function of at least kidneys and reproductive systems in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Togawa
- Takai Biotimer Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 2-2-10 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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22
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Ohba T, Yoshimura T, Araki M, Miyoshi J, Yonemura Y, Matsuura K, Okamura H. Aplastic anemia in pregnancy: treatment with cyclosporine and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78:458-61. [PMID: 10326895 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ohba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto-City, Japan
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23
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Abstract
We report on a case of an extraadrenal pheochromocytoma simulating an ovarian tumor. Before intervention, the patient exhibited no symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma. Nevertheless, during surgery she experienced marked blood pressure fluctuations, and an unsuspected extraadrenal pheochromocytoma was diagnosed. Thus, although rare, when preparing to remove a pelvic mass, the gynecologist should consider the possibility of an extraadrenal pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tohya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minamata City General Hospital and Medical Center, Minamata, Japan
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24
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Koera K, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Miyoshi J, Toyoshima K, Hatta T, Otani H, Aiba A, Katsuki M. K-ras is essential for the development of the mouse embryo. Oncogene 1997; 15:1151-9. [PMID: 9294608 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ras genes encode members of the small GTP-binding proteins. Ras protein in highly conserved in various species from yeast to humans and plays a key role in signal transduction. Ras is related to cell proliferation and differentiation. While, in addition, mutations in the ras genes are implicated in a variety of tumors. However, the physiological functions and specific roles of each ras gene, H-ras, K-ras and N-ras, are still not fully understood. To clarify the role of the K-Ras in vivo, we generated K-ras mutant mice by gene targeting. In contrast to the findings that H-Ras-deficient mice and N-Ras-deficient mice are born and grow normally, the K-Ras-deficient embryos die progressively between embryonic day 12.5 and term. At embryonic day 15.5, their ventricular walls are extremely thin. Besides, at embryonic day 11.5, they demonstrate increased cell death of motoneurons in the medulla and the cervical spinal cord. Our results thus indicate K-Ras to be essential for normal development in mice and residual Ras composed of H-Ras and N-Ras cannot compensate for the loss of K-Ras function in the mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koera
- Department of DNA Biology and Embryo Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Hashimoto C, Masuda H, Ayaki M, Suzuki Y, Uenaka A, Seya T, Miyoshi J, Takahashi K, Inui Y. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the mouse counterpart to adult hamster liver purified growth inhibitory factor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1355:205-8. [PMID: 9060991 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(96)00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding the mouse counterpart to adult hamster liver purified growth inhibitory factor (PGIF) was isolated from a mouse liver cDNA library by using antibodies raised against PGIF and sequenced. It contained a single open reading frame with a coding capacity for a 323 amino acid protein. Sequence analysis showed that it shared high homology with rat- and human liver arginases: the cDNA clone was 92% identical for rat arginase at the nucleotide level and was 93% identical to it at the deduced amino acid level. These results suggest that PGIF derived from adult hamster liver was identical or closely related to an isoform of hamster liver arginases.
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26
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Tsutsumishita Y, Kawai Y, Takahara H, Onda T, Miyoshi J, Futaki S, Niwa M. Sequence analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat kidney, lung, and uterus. Biol Pharm Bull 1996; 19:1374-6. [PMID: 8913516 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.19.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cDNA in rat kidney, lung, and uterus were determined. The amino acid sequences of iNOSs in various organs were highly homologous, and the important regions for the enzyme activity have been conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsutsumishita
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, University of Tokushima, Japan
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27
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Yoshioka K, Imamura F, Shinkai K, Miyoshi J, Ogawa H, Mukai M, Komagome R, Akedo H. Participation of rhop21 in serum-dependent invasion by rat ascites hepatoma cells. FEBS Lett 1995; 372:25-8. [PMID: 7556636 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rat ascites hepatoma cells (MM1 cells) penetrate through a cultured mesothelial cell monolayer (MCL) in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), but scarcely do so in its absence. Inactivation of rhop21 of MM1 cells by ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 resulted in the suppression of this serum effect on the penetration, suggesting that the serum effect was mediated by rhop21. To ascertain this assumption MM1 cells were transfected with an activated (Val14) human rhoA cDNA (Neo/RhoA 1-7). The transfectants penetrated MCL extensively even in the absence of FCS and became largely independent of serum for the penetration. These results suggest that serum-induced invasion by MM1 cells is mainly mediated by rhop21.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshioka
- Department of Tumor Biochemistry, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Suzuki K, Miyoshi J, Watanabe M. Function-dependent cooperation between oncogene activation and nonrandom chromosome change during tumorigenic conversion of Syrian hamster cells. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1994; 75:51-9. [PMID: 8039164 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We determined the tumorigenicity of SHOK cells, a Syrian hamster cell line, morphologically transformed by the introduction of either c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, N-ras, v-mos, v-fgr, or v-src genes. When 1 x 10(6) cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, SHOK cells containing one of those oncogenes gave rise to tumors within 3 weeks, while the parental SHOK cells, or SHOK cells containing the neo gene, did not show tumorigenicity even 200 days after injection. From karyotype analysis, the addition of chromosome 3 was consistently found in tumor cells derived from SHOK cells containing the c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, or v-mos genes, and the acquisition of chromosome 9 was a common change observed in tumor cells derived from SHOK cells morphologically transformed by the v-fgr or v-src gene. No consistent chromosomal change was observed in tumor cells containing the N-ras gene. The results obtained from Southern blot analysis showed that amplification of introduced oncogenes was detected in the case of c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, N-ras, v-fgr, and v-src genes. These results indicate that nonrandom chromosome changes, along with the amplification of introduced oncogenes, are required for the tumorigenic conversion. Our findings propose the possibility that secondary chromosomal changes associated with the tumorigenic conversion of morphologically transformed cells occur dependent on the function of the primary activated oncogene introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Division of Radiation Biology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
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29
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Abstract
We cloned and analyzed the murine cot proto-oncogene and examined its tissue-specific expression in fetal, newborn and adult mice. Genomic cot DNA consists of eight exons, spanning more than 25 kb, and all intron-exon borders are well conserved as compared to the human homolog. Analysis of the full-length cot cDNA revealed that it contained an open reading frame of 1,401 nucleotides, like human cot proto-oncogene. The sequence identity between murine and human cot gene is 84.4% at the nucleotide level and 93.9% at the deduced amino acid level. On northern blot analysis of poly (A)+ RNA, the cot message was detected at 2.9 kb in size. Expression of the cot gene was observed in many tissues from fetal to adult mice, though the level of expression was low in all tissues examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ohara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University
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30
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Sasai H, Higashi T, Nakamori S, Miyoshi J, Suzuki F, Nomura T, Kakunaga T. Syrian hamster embryo cell lines useful for detecting transforming genes in mouse tumours: detection of transforming genes in X-ray-related mouse tumours. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:262-7. [PMID: 8431357 PMCID: PMC1968199 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syrian hamster embryo cell lines, SHOK and MC-1, were used as recipient cells for DNA transfection assay to detect transforming genes in experimental mouse tumours. A mouse repeat sequence was utilised to check whether each transformed focus included mouse genomic DNA in the Hamster background. We investigated five mouse tumours that are related to X-ray radiation, and detected activated c-K-ras, c-mos, and c-cot oncogenes which induced foci of hamster cells. These results show that SHOK and MC-1 cells have unique properties for detecting transforming genes in experimental mouse tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasai
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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31
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Ohuchi T, Kurita Y, Sasai H, Miyoshi J, Nomura T, Toyoshima K. Oncogenic activation of murine mos protein kinase by DNA rearrangement of its N-terminal coding region. Oncogene 1992; 7:331-8. [PMID: 1532243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An activated c-mos oncogene was detected by DNA transfection assay of hamster SHOK cells with DNAs from X-ray-induced mouse osteosarcoma. It was molecularly cloned by the cosmid rescue method and found to form transformed foci of SHOK cells. Genomic DNA sequencing revealed that in this oncogene the N-terminal coding region of the mouse proto-mos gene was deleted and replaced by a hamster-derived sequence in the primary transformant, suggesting that activation was due to the rearrangement during transfection. The gene product was about 37 kDa and was immunoprecipitated with anti-mos antibody from a lysate of a SHOK cell transfectant. This truncated mos (t-mos) gene transformed SHOK cells more effectively than v-mos. A chimeric gene construct of this hamster-derived upstream sequence and normal mouse c-mos also transformed SHOK cells at a lower level, whereas neither t-mos nor the chimeric c-mos gene transformed NIH3T3 cells appreciably. The high transforming efficiency of t-mos in SHOK cells was due not only to truncation of the coding region but also to its integration under a putative promoter sequence derived from the hamster genome. This is the first report of detection of an activated c-mos gene by DNA transfection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohuchi
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Suita-City, Japan
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Suzuki K, Watanabe M, Miyoshi J. Differences in effects of oncogenes on resistance of gamma rays, ultraviolet light, and heat shock. Radiat Res 1992; 129:157-62. [PMID: 1734445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of viral or activated cellular oncogenes on sensitivity to gamma rays, ultraviolet light, and heat shock were examined in SHOK (Syrian hamster Osaka-Kanazawa) cells and their transfectants. Resistance to gamma rays was conferred by the introduction of v-mos or c-cot genes, which coded serine/threonine kinase. Cells transfected with v-mos and c-cot genes increased their resistance to ultraviolet light and heat shock compared to their parent cells (SHOK cells). Of the activated ras genes, the N-ras gene developed a SHOK cell phenotype resistant to gamma rays and ultraviolet light. The Ha-ras gene produced SHOK cells resistant to ultraviolet light and heat shock, while introduction of the Ki-ras gene did not affect sensitivity. The v-erbB gene was found to be involved in the development of resistance to heat shock. Transfection with neo, c-myc, and v-fgr genes had little or no effect on cell survival. The karyotypes of SHOK cells and oncogene-containing cells were compared. No alterations were seen after the introduction of a foreign gene. Using cell cycle analysis, we found no apparent difference between SHOK cells and their transfectants. These results suggest that activation of serine/threonine kinase may be involved in common processes occurring after gamma-ray, ultraviolet-light, and heat-shock treatment, and that each oncogene may have a different effect on the development of a resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Division of Radiation Biology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
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33
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Aoki M, Akiyama T, Miyoshi J, Toyoshima K. Identification and characterization of protein products of the cot oncogene with serine kinase activity. Oncogene 1991; 6:1515-9. [PMID: 1833717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The products of the cot gene, a novel oncogene isolated by DNA transfection assay using the hamster cell line SHOK, were identified as 46 kDa and 52 kDa proteins by using anti-peptide antibodies. The 46 kDa and 52 kDa proteins both showed autophosphorylation activity at serine residues. The two forms of the Cot protein were suggested to differ in their amino-terminal structures as a result of alternative initiation of translation. Subcellular fractionation revealed that the 46 kDa and 52 kDa proteins are both predominantly localized in the cytosol. These Cot proteins are the fourth oncogene products with serine kinase activity identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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34
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Miyoshi J, Higashi T, Mukai H, Ohuchi T, Kakunaga T. Structure and transforming potential of the human cot oncogene encoding a putative protein kinase. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:4088-96. [PMID: 2072910 PMCID: PMC361219 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.8.4088-4096.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new transforming gene has been molecularly cloned from hamster SHOK cells transformed with DNA extracted from a human thyroid carcinoma cell line and named the cot (cancer Osaka thyroid) oncogene. cDNA sequencing disclosed that this oncogene codes for a protein with 415 amino acid residues, and computer matching showed 42 to 48% similarity matches with serine protein kinases. Its gene product was identified as a 52-kDa protein by transcription and translation in vitro. Expression of cot cDNA under transcriptional control by a retroviral long terminal repeat induced morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 cells as well as SHOK cells. Protein kinase activity associated with constructed p60gag-cot was detected by immune complex kinase assay with anti-gag antiserum. The cot oncogene was overexpressed in transformed SHOK cells and found to have a rearranged 3' end in the last coding exon, which probably resulted in a deletion and an altered C' terminus in the transforming protein. This DNA rearrangement appeared to have occurred during transfection of the tumor DNA into hamster SHOK cells and not in the original thyroid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miyoshi
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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35
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Orita S, Higashi T, Kawasaki Y, Harada A, Igarashi H, Monden T, Morimoto H, Shimano T, Mori T, Miyoshi J. A novel point mutation at codon 146 of the K-ras gene in a human colorectal cancer identified by the polymerase chain reaction. Virus Genes 1991; 5:75-9. [PMID: 2017878 DOI: 10.1007/bf00571733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, point mutations of the K-ras gene at codon 146 were analyzed in 25 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of lung cancer, and 41 cases of lymphoid malignancy. A codon 146 mutation substituting threonine (ACA) for alanine (GCA) was detected in the tumor tissue of a patient with colon cancer and was not detected in the normal tissue of the same patient. Any additional mutations of the ras gene family were not detected in this patient. These results suggest that the codon 146 mutation of the K-ras gene could be involved in the development of naturally occurring human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orita
- Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Osaka, Japan
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Miyoshi J. [Effective cell lines for detecting unknown oncogenes]. Nihon Rinsho 1990; 48:193-7. [PMID: 2255081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Miyoshi
- Department of Oncogene Research, Res. Inst. for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
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Higashi T, Sasai H, Suzuki F, Miyoshi J, Ohuchi T, Takai S, Mori T, Kakunaga T. Hamster cell line suitable for transfection assay of transforming genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:2409-13. [PMID: 2181436 PMCID: PMC53698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a subclone, SHOK, from the GHE-L cell line, an immortal line derived from a primary culture of Syrian hamster embryo cells, as a recipient cell line useful for the detection of oncogenes by transfection. SHOK cells were almost as susceptible as NIH 3T3 cells to focus formation by many oncogenes, including v-raf, v-Ha-ras, v-Ki-ras, or activated c-Ha-ras. The susceptibility of SHOK to focus formation was higher than that of NIH 3T3 for v-mos but was lower for v-fps, v-fgr, v-src, v-sis, and v-abl. When DNAs extracted from 27 human and murine tumors were tested for focus formation, 5 DNAs were positive in NIH 3T3 cells, whereas 9 were positive in SHOK cells at the primary transfection. Using SHOK cells as recipients of tumor cellular DNA, we isolated another oncogene and a c-Ki-ras2 gene mutated at codon 146 that were difficult to detect in NIH 3T3 cells. SHOK cells have a low rate of spontaneous transformation, produce easily distinguishable foci, and maintain a stable karyotype in transformed cells. In addition to being useful for the screening of human tumor DNAs, SHOK cells will be useful for the isolation of oncogenes from murine tumors because of their hamster origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Higashi
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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Terada N, Miyoshi J, Kawa-Ha K, Sasai H, Orita S, Yumura-Yagi K, Hara J, Fujinami A, Kakunaga T. Alteration of N-ras gene mutation after relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1990; 75:453-7. [PMID: 1967219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated N-ras activation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (dALL) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the oligonucleotide hybridization method. The frequency of point-mutation of the N-ras gene was not high (2 of 15), and one positive case who relapsed was analyzed in detail. Although N-ras gene activation was detected at both onset and relapse, the mutation sites were different. At onset, Gly (GGT) was changed to Ser (AGT) at codon 12, and at relapse, Gly (GGT) to Asp (GAT) was observed at the same codon. In addition, the DNA at relapse showed a remarkably higher transforming activity than the DNA at onset on two independent recipient cell lines. The identical cell surface phenotype and the same rearrangement patterns of both the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma chain genes indicated that the leukemic cells at onset and those at relapse were derived from the same precursor cell. Therefore, this case supports the concept that ras activation is not the event initiating leukemogenesis, but may be involved in leukemic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Terada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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Miyoshi J, Miyoshi Y, Sasai H, Sakai N, Katsumata T, Kakunaga T. Differential requirements of gag and gamma-actin domains for transforming potential of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus. J Virol 1989; 63:1174-80. [PMID: 2536827 PMCID: PMC247812 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1174-1180.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogene of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus (GR-FeSV) encodes the 70-kilodalton protein containing gag(p15), gamma-actin, and fgr domains. To determine the role of these domains in the biological activity of P70gag-actin-fgr, we have constructed in-frame deletion and insertion mutants of GR-FeSV. We found, first, that the gamma-actin region could be deleted without affecting the transforming ability of these constructs, although an insertion mutant in the middle of the gamma-actin domain (map position 671) was partially defective in transformation and specifically had a reduced level of in vitro autophosphorylation activity. Second, mutations affecting the C-terminal third of the gag region appeared to abolish the ability to transform NIH 3T3 cells and autophosphorylation activity. These results suggest that the gamma-actin domain is not essentially required for the transforming activity of GR-FeSV but that it may take part in maintaining the conformational integrity of P70gag-actin-fgr and that the gag(p15) domain might have a critical role in modulating the function of P70gag-actin-fgr.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miyoshi
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University, Japan
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Nakamori S, Mukai H, Higashi T, Sasai H, Miyoshi J, Takai S, Mori T, Kakunaga T. A simple and useful method for simultaneous screening of elevated levels of expression of a variety of oncogenes in malignant cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988; 79:1311-7. [PMID: 3148601 PMCID: PMC5917663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of various oncogenes has been implicated in the development of many malignant tumors. Although RNA blotting methods have been used to measure abnormal expression, they involve the time-consuming process of individually labeling the oncogene probes. To simplify this process we have attempted to develop a new method, termed simultaneous screening, which is based on the synthesis of radiolabeled cDNA corresponding to the mRNA population of malignant cells and on hybridization with various oncogene probes, immobilized on a membrane filter. This method circumvents the time-consuming process of the prevailing RNA blotting methods and is also sensitive enough to detect accurately a five- to ten-fold level of expression of rare mRNA (approximately 10 copies per cell). Overexpression of ten oncogenes was detected in a variety of malignant cells and mitogen-stimulated cells with this method. These results suggest that our simultaneous screening method can be used to examine the overexpression of oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamori
- Department of Oncogene Research, Osaka University
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Kagimoto M, Miyoshi J, Tashiro K, Naito Y, Sakaki Y, Sueishi K, Tanaka K, Imamura T. Isolation and characterization of an activated C-H-ras-1 gene from a squamous-cell lung carcinoma cell line. Int J Cancer 1985; 35:808-12. [PMID: 4008102 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910350618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We determined a complete nucleotide sequence of an activated form of the c-H-ras-1 proto-oncogene cloned from the human cell line (QG56), using the DNA transfection technique and NIH3T3 cells as recipients. This cell line was established from a squamous-cell lung carcinoma of a Japanese patient, and the activated gene had 2 nucleotide substitutions. One substitution of a thymidine for an adenosine was found at position 1069 of the 2898 nucleotide sequence in a restriction endonuclease (SacI) fragment, which corresponds to the second base of the 61st codon of the gene encoding P21 protein. This nucleotide replacement was assumed to be responsible for the transforming activity. Another substitution of a guanosine for an adenosine which was detected at position 746 in the first intron was thought to be a genetic polymorphism unassociated with the transforming activity. Comparison of the various lengths of restricted fragments suggested that the activity was markedly influenced by certain sequences flanking the c-H-ras-1 gene.
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Miyoshi J, Kagimoto M, Soeda E, Sakaki Y. The human c-Ha-ras2 is a processed pseudogene inactivated by numerous base substitutions. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:1821-8. [PMID: 6322122 PMCID: PMC318623 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.4.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human c-Ha-ras2 gene, one of two known members of the Harvey ras family, is reportedly located on the X-chromosome and has lost introns (1, 2). There has heretofore been no information on its precise gene structure and oncogenic potential. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the c-Ha-ras2 and demonstrate that it is a processed pseudogene surrounded by several direct repeats and contains numerous base substitutions as well as a notable mutation (AGT at codon 12 of the p21 protein) responsible for oncogenic conversion of the known ras genes (3-8).
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Miyoshi J, Ishii S, Shimada K, Takagi Y. Transposon Tn3-mediated replicon fusion. Gene 1982; 19:251-7. [PMID: 6295878 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate inter-replicon transposition of Tn3, we used the cosmid-phage lambda packaging system coupled with density gradient fractionation and isolated recombinant molecules of different sizes. Cosmids derived from ampicillin-resistance-transducing phage were classified into four groups: (1) cosmid-Tn3 donor cointegrates considered as Tn3 transposition intermediates, (2) similar cointegrates carrying deletions of one copy of Tn3 and of adjacent cosmid DNA sequences, (3) cosmids carrying a single Tn3 insertion, and (4) cosmids carrying two independent Tn3 insertions. Genetic and biochemical studies indicated that cosmids isolated from ampicillin-resistance transductants were derived from the authentic cosmid-Tn3 donor cointegrate intermediates.
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Abstract
A multicopy plasmid, 4.7 kb in size, was isolated from Shigella sonnei and named pKY1. This plasmid produces a colicin E1-like bacteriocin (colicin E1*) in E. coli cells. The cells harboring pKY1 are immune not only to this bacteriocin but also to colicin E1, and the cells harboring Co1E1 show immunity to colicin E1* as well. Although these two plasmid DNAs have different cleavage maps and are compatible with each other, pKY1 shows partial DNA homology with ColE1 DNA. In this paper, we report the isolation and properties of several Tn3 inserted pKY1 mutants, and propose a preliminary genetic map of pKY1. It was also found that this plasmid is not capable of self-transmission and is poorly mobilized by the F factor.
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Takeya T, Nomiyama H, Miyoshi J, Shimada K, Takagi Y. DNA sequences of the integration sites and inverted repeated structure of transposon Tn3. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 6:1831-41. [PMID: 377233 PMCID: PMC327814 DOI: 10.1093/nar/6.5.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the "inverted repeat" structure of the transposon Tn3 was determined by the DNA sequencing procedure developed by Maxam and Gilbert(1). The sequence, 38 base pairs long, is as follows: 5'-GGGGTCTGACGCTCAGTGGAACGAAAACTCACGTTAAG..(Tn3) 3'-CCCCAGACTGCGAGTCACCTTGCTTTTGAGTGCAATTC.. The integration of Tn3 is associated with a directly repeated sequence of 5 nucleotides appearing at each end of Tn3. The two directly repeated sequences so far determined are not the same. Furthermore, there is no homologous structure around the integration point of Tn3.
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