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Davis JC, Ryaboshapkina M, Kenty JH, Eser PÖ, Menon S, Tyrberg B, Melton DA. IAPP Marks Mono-hormonal Stem-cell Derived β Cells that Maintain Stable Insulin Production in vitro and in vivo. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.587726. [PMID: 38645166 PMCID: PMC11030367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.587726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Islet transplantation for treatment of diabetes is limited by availability of donor islets and requirements for immunosuppression. Stem cell-derived islets might circumvent these issues. SC-islets effectively control glucose metabolism post transplantation, but do not yet achieve full function in vitro with current published differentiation protocols. We aimed to identify markers of mature subpopulations of SC-β cells by studying transcriptional changes associated with in vivo maturation of SC-β cells using RNA-seq and co-expression network analysis. The β cell-specific hormone islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) emerged as the top candidate to be such a marker. IAPP+ cells had more mature β cell gene expression and higher cellular insulin content than IAPP- cells in vitro. IAPP+ INS+ cells were more stable in long-term culture than IAPP- INS+ cells and retained insulin expression after transplantation into mice. Finally, we conducted a small molecule screen to identify compounds that enhance IAPP expression. Aconitine up-regulated IAPP and could help to optimize differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Maria Ryaboshapkina
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer H. Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston MA 02138, United States of America
| | | | - Suraj Menon
- RDI Operations, Granta Park, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Global Insights, Analytics & Commercial Excellence, BioPharmaceuticals Business Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston MA 02138, United States of America
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Davis JC, Alves TC, Helman A, Chen JC, Kenty JH, Cardone RL, Liu DR, Kibbey RG, Melton DA. Glucose Response by Stem Cell-Derived β Cells In Vitro Is Inhibited by a Bottleneck in Glycolysis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107623. [PMID: 32402282 PMCID: PMC7433758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells could provide unlimited human β cells toward a curative diabetes treatment. Differentiation of SC-β cells yields transplantable islets that secrete insulin in response to glucose challenges. Following transplantation into mice, SC-β cell function is comparable to human islets, but the magnitude and consistency of response in vitro are less robust than observed in cadaveric islets. Here, we profile metabolism of SC-β cells and islets to quantify their capacity to sense glucose and identify reduced anaplerotic cycling in the mitochondria as the cause of reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in SC-β cells. This activity can be rescued by challenging SC-β cells with intermediate metabolites from the TCA cycle and late but not early glycolysis, downstream of the enzymes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase. Bypassing this metabolic bottleneck results in a robust, bi-phasic insulin release in vitro that is identical in magnitude to functionally mature human islets. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is deficient in stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells in vitro. Davis et al. use metabolomic analysis to define a glycolytic bottleneck inhibiting glucose metabolism and sensing in SC-β cells. Cell-permeable intermediates bypass this bottleneck, as does transplantation in vivo, producing insulin secretion indistinguishable from human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aharon Helman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Chen
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Jehu DA, Davis JC, Falck RS, Bennett KJ, Tai D, Souza MF, Cavalcante BR, Zhao M, Liu-Ambrose T. Risk factors for recurrent falls in older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Maturitas 2020; 144:23-28. [PMID: 33358204 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Older adults who fall recurrently (i.e., 2 or more falls/year) are at risk of functional decline and mortality. Understanding which risk factors for recurrent falls are most important will inform secondary fall prevention strategies that can reduce recurrent falls risk. Thus, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the relative risk of recurrent falls for different types of falls risk factors. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched on April 25, 2019 (Prospero Registration: CRD42019118888). We included peer-reviewed prospective studies which examined risk factors that contributed to recurrent falls in adults aged ≥ 60 years. Using the falls risk classification system of Lord and colleagues, we classified each risk factor into one of the following domains: 1) balance and mobility; 2) environmental; 3) psychological; 4) medical; 5) medication; 6) sensory and neuromuscular; or 7) sociodemographic. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) for each domain and evaluated the risk of bias and quality of reporting. Twenty-two studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Four domains predicted recurrent falls: balance and mobility (RR:1.32;95 % CI:[1.10, 1.59]), medication (RR:1.53;95 % CI:[1.11, 2.10]), psychological (RR:1.35;95 % CI:[1.03, 1.78]), and sensory and neuromuscular (RR:1.51;95 % CI:[1.18, 1.92]). Each of these four domains can be viewed as a marker of frailty. The risk of bias was low, and the study quality was high (minimum:19/22). Older adults with markers of frailty are up to 53 % more likely to experience recurrent falls. Strategies that identify and resolve frailty markers should be a frontline approach to preventing recurrent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Jehu
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - J C Davis
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Social & Economic Change Laboratory, Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia-Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - R S Falck
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - K J Bennett
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - D Tai
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - M F Souza
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Clinical Exercise Lab, LABEC, Department of Physical Education, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
| | - B R Cavalcante
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - M Zhao
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - T Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Davis JC, Helman A, Rivera-Feliciano J, Langston CM, Engquist EN, Melton DA. Live Cell Monitoring and Enrichment of Stem Cell-Derived β Cells Using Intracellular Zinc Content as a Population Marker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 51:e99. [PMID: 31756031 PMCID: PMC6876704 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory and others have developed protocols to generate glucose‐responsive stem cell–derived β cells in vitro. The cells resulting from these protocols could supplement or replace the use of human cadaveric islets for cell‐based therapy for diabetes. The combination of an unlimited supply of pluripotent stem cell–derived β cells and gene‐editing approaches will facilitate numerous in vitro studies not possible with cadaveric islets. Here, we describe a protocol for fluorescent labeling and isolation of stem cell–derived β cells. This purification of SC‐β cells is based on intracellular zinc content and is a simple method to complement other approaches for generating and assaying these cells. © 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol: Fluorescent labeling and isolation of stem cell‐derived β cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aharon Helman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - José Rivera-Feliciano
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christine M Langston
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elise N Engquist
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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5
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Helman A, Cangelosi AL, Davis JC, Pham Q, Rothman A, Faust AL, Straubhaar JR, Sabatini DM, Melton DA. A Nutrient-Sensing Transition at Birth Triggers Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1004-1016.e5. [PMID: 32375022 PMCID: PMC7480404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A drastic transition at birth, from constant maternal nutrient supply in utero to intermittent postnatal feeding, requires changes in the metabolic system of the neonate. Despite their central role in metabolic homeostasis, little is known about how pancreatic β cells adjust to the new nutritional challenge. Here, we find that after birth β cell function shifts from amino acid- to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in correlation with the change in the nutritional environment. This adaptation is mediated by a transition in nutrient sensitivity of the mTORC1 pathway, which leads to intermittent mTORC1 activity. Disrupting nutrient sensitivity of mTORC1 in mature β cells reverts insulin secretion to a functionally immature state. Finally, manipulating nutrient sensitivity of mTORC1 in stem cell-derived β cells in vitro strongly enhances their glucose-responsive insulin secretion. These results reveal a mechanism by which nutrients regulate β cell function, thereby enabling a metabolic adaptation for the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Helman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Andrew L Cangelosi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Quan Pham
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Arielle Rothman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aubrey L Faust
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Juerg R Straubhaar
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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6
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Mahmoud AI, Galdos FX, Dinan KA, Jedrychowski MP, Davis JC, Vujic A, Rachmin I, Shigley C, Pancoast JR, Lee S, Hollister-Lock J, MacGillivray CM, Gygi SP, Melton DA, Weir GC, Lee RT. Apolipoprotein E is a pancreatic extracellular factor that maintains mature β-cell gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204595. [PMID: 30303984 PMCID: PMC6179231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo microenvironment of tissues provides myriad unique signals to cells. Thus, following isolation, many cell types change in culture, often preserving some but not all of their in vivo characteristics in culture. At least some of the in vivo microenvironment may be mimicked by providing specific cues to cultured cells. Here, we show that after isolation and during maintenance in culture, adherent rat islets reduce expression of key β-cell transcription factors necessary for β-cell function and that soluble pancreatic decellularized matrix (DCM) can enhance β-cell gene expression. Following chromatographic fractionation of pancreatic DCM, we performed proteomics to identify soluble factors that can maintain β-cell stability and function. We identified Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as an extracellular protein that significantly increased the expression of key β-cell genes. The ApoE effect on beta cells was mediated at least in part through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Together, these results reveal a role for ApoE as an extracellular factor that can maintain the mature β-cell gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Mahmoud
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Francisco X. Galdos
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Dinan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Christian Shigley
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James R. Pancoast
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Samuel Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. MacGillivray
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Gordon C. Weir
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Aartsen MG, Abraham K, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Archinger M, Argüelles C, Arlen TC, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Burgman A, Casey J, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, Del Pino Rosendo E, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Fösig CC, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gaior R, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Góra D, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hansen E, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Holzapfel K, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huelsnitz W, Hultqvist K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Jurkovic M, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Kohnen G, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Krüger C, Kunnen J, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lennarz D, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Lu L, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Mandelartz M, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Meli A, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, Omairat A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Pepper JA, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Quinnan M, Raab C, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Sabbatini L, Salvado J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tatar J, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Turcati A, Unger E, Usner M, Vallecorsa S, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Rossem M, van Santen J, Veenkamp J, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wandkowsky N, Weaver C, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wiebe K, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M. Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:071801. [PMID: 27563950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole has measured the atmospheric muon neutrino spectrum as a function of zenith angle and energy in the approximate 320 GeV to 20 TeV range, to search for the oscillation signatures of light sterile neutrinos. No evidence for anomalous ν_{μ} or ν[over ¯]_{μ} disappearance is observed in either of two independently developed analyses, each using one year of atmospheric neutrino data. New exclusion limits are placed on the parameter space of the 3+1 model, in which muon antineutrinos experience a strong Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein-resonant oscillation. The exclusion limits extend to sin^{2}2θ_{24}≤0.02 at Δm^{2}∼0.3 eV^{2} at the 90% confidence level. The allowed region from global analysis of appearance experiments, including LSND and MiniBooNE, is excluded at approximately the 99% confidence level for the global best-fit value of |U_{e4}|^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K Abraham
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Archinger
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T C Arlen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Berghaus
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - A Bernhard
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Coenders
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Del Pino Rosendo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - V di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C-C Fösig
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Gaior
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Holzapfel
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Jurkovic
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Krüger
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Lennarz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Mandelartz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Omairat
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Raab
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rameez
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - M Relich
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Sabbatini
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Salvado
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J Tatar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Toscano
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Vallecorsa
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M van Rossem
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Veenkamp
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - E Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Davis JC, Dian L, Khan KM, Bryan S, Marra CA, Hsu CL, Jacova P, Chiu BK, Liu-Ambrose T. Cognitive status is a determinant of health resource utilization among individuals with a history of falls: a 12-month prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:943-951. [PMID: 26449355 PMCID: PMC4898957 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Falls are a costly public health problem worldwide. The literature is devoid of prospective data that identifies factors among fallers that significantly drive health care resource utilization. We found that cognitive function--specifically, executive functions--and cognitive status are significant determinants of health resource utilization among older fallers. INTRODUCTION Although falls are costly, there are no prospective data examining factors among fallers that drive health care resource utilization. We identified key determinants of health resource utilization (HRU) at 6 and 12 months among older adults with a history of falls. Specifically, with the increasing recognition that cognitive impairment is associated with increased falls risk, we investigated cognition as a potential driver of health resource utilization. METHODS This 12-month prospective cohort study at the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic (n = 319) included participants with a history of at least one fall in the previous 12 months. Based on their cognitive status, participants were divided into two groups: (1) no mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and (2) MCI. We constructed two linear regression models with HRU at 6 and 12 months as the dependent variables for each model, respectively. Predictors relating to mobility, global cognition, executive functions, and cognitive status (MCI versus no MCI) were examined. Age, sex, comorbidities, depression status, and activities of daily living were included regardless of statistical significance. RESULTS Global cognition, comorbidities, working memory, and cognitive status (MCI versus no MCI ascertained using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)) were significant determinants of total HRU at 6 months. The number of medical comorbidities and global cognition were significant determinants of total HRU at 12 months. CONCLUSION MCI status was a determinant of HRU at 6 months among older adults with a history of falls. As such, efforts to minimize health care resource use related to falls, it is important to tailor future interventions to be effective for people with MCI who fall. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022866.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - L Dian
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K M Khan
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - S Bryan
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia & VCHRI, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - C A Marra
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - C L Hsu
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - P Jacova
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - B K Chiu
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - T Liu-Ambrose
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert HN Ho Research Centre 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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9
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Aartsen MG, Abraham K, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Anderson T, Archinger M, Arguelles C, Arlen TC, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Tjus JB, Becker KH, Beiser E, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Buzinsky N, Casey J, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Cowen DF, Silva AHC, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Fuchs T, Glagla M, Gaisser TK, Gaior R, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Gier D, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Gretskov P, Groh JC, Groß A, Ha C, Haack C, Ismail AH, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hansmann B, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hellwig D, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Holzapfe K, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jurkovic M, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp J, Kheirandish A, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein SR, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Konietz R, Koob A, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kroll M, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leuner J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meli A, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Middlemas E, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Olivas A, Omairat A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Paul L, Pepper JA, de Los Heros CP, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Pütz J, Quinnan M, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Richter S, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Sabbatini L, Sander HG, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schimp M, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stahlberg M, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stanisha NA, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taavola H, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Unger E, Usner M, Vallecorsa S, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, van Santen J, Vanheule S, Veenkamp J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Weaver C, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wichary C, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Zoll M. Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:081102. [PMID: 26340177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Results from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory have recently provided compelling evidence for the existence of a high energy astrophysical neutrino flux utilizing a dominantly Southern Hemisphere data set consisting primarily of ν(e) and ν(τ) charged-current and neutral-current (cascade) neutrino interactions. In the analysis presented here, a data sample of approximately 35,000 muon neutrinos from the Northern sky is extracted from data taken during 659.5 days of live time recorded between May 2010 and May 2012. While this sample is composed primarily of neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions in Earth's atmosphere, the highest energy events are inconsistent with a hypothesis of solely terrestrial origin at 3.7σ significance. These neutrinos can, however, be explained by an astrophysical flux per neutrino flavor at a level of Φ(E(ν))=9.9(-3.4)(+3.9)×10(-19) GeV(-1) cm(-2) sr(-1) s(-1)(E(ν)/100 TeV(-2), consistent with IceCube's Southern-Hemisphere-dominated result. Additionally, a fit for an astrophysical flux with an arbitrary spectral index is performed. We find a spectral index of 2.2(-0.2)(+0.2), which is also in good agreement with the Southern Hemisphere result.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Abraham
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Archinger
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Arguelles
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T C Arlen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Beiser
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - A Bernhard
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Blumenthal
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - N Buzinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - B Christy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7
| | - L Classen
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Coenders
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Eagan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - O Fadiran
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fischer-Wasels
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Glagla
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Gaior
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Gier
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - P Gretskov
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J C Groh
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Groß
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Hellwig
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G C Hill
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Holzapfe
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P O Hulth
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Jurkovic
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - A Kappes
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Kläs
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Konietz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Koob
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Kroll
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Leuner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Lünemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - E Middlemas
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Miller
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Obertacke
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Omairat
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Paul
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Pütz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rameez
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Relich
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Resconi
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Richter
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - S Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Ruzybayev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S M Saba
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Sabbatini
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H-G Sander
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - K Schatto
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Scheriau
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Schmitz
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - A Schukraft
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Schulte
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M W E Smith
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stahlberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - N A Stanisha
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E A Strahler
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Vallecorsa
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Veenkamp
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wichary
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Anderson T, Arguelles C, Arlen TC, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Buzinsky N, Casey J, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Classen L, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eisch J, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gaior R, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gier D, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Gretskov P, Groh JC, Groß A, Ha C, Haack C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hellwig D, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jurkovic M, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Koob A, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Kriesten A, Krings K, Kroll G, Kroll M, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larsen DT, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meli A, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Middlemas E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Olivas A, Omairat A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Paul L, Penek Ö, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Pütz J, Quinnan M, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Rees I, Reimann R, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rodrigues JP, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Sander HG, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stanisha NA, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Unger E, Usner M, Vallecorsa S, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, van Santen J, Vanheule S, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallraff M, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wichary C, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zoll M. Flavor Ratio of Astrophysical Neutrinos above 35 TeV in IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:171102. [PMID: 25978221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.171102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos above 100 TeV has been observed at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Here we extend this analysis to probe the astrophysical flux down to 35 TeV and analyze its flavor composition by classifying events as showers or tracks. Taking advantage of lower atmospheric backgrounds for showerlike events, we obtain a shower-biased sample containing 129 showers and 8 tracks collected in three years from 2010 to 2013. We demonstrate consistency with the (fe:fμ:fτ)⊕≈(1:1:1)⊕ flavor ratio at Earth commonly expected from the averaged oscillations of neutrinos produced by pion decay in distant astrophysical sources. Limits are placed on nonstandard flavor compositions that cannot be produced by averaged neutrino oscillations but could arise in exotic physics scenarios. A maximally tracklike composition of (0:1:0)⊕ is excluded at 3.3σ, and a purely showerlike composition of (1:0:0)⊕ is excluded at 2.3σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Arguelles
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T C Arlen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - A Bernhard
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Blumenthal
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - N Buzinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - B Christy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7
| | - L Classen
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Clevermann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Coenders
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Eagan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Eisch
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - O Fadiran
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fischer-Wasels
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Frantzen
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Gaior
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Gier
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - P Gretskov
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J C Groh
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Groß
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Hallen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Heinen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Hellwig
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P O Hulth
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Jacobsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Jurkovic
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - A Kappes
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Kläs
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Köhne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koob
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Kriesten
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Kroll
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D T Larsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Lünemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - E Middlemas
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N Milke
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Miller
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Obertacke
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Omairat
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Paul
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ö Penek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Pütz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rameez
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Rees
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Relich
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Resconi
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Ruzybayev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S M Saba
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H-G Sander
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - K Schatto
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Scheriau
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Schmitz
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - A Schukraft
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Schulte
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Schulz
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Y Sestayo
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M W E Smith
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - N A Stanisha
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E A Strahler
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Tamburro
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Vallecorsa
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Wellons
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wichary
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J Ziemann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is required for the successful differentiation and meiotic entry of germ cells in the murine testis. The availability of RA to undifferentiated germ cells begins in a variable, uneven pattern during the first few days after birth and establishes the asynchronous pattern of germ cell differentiation in adulthood. It has been shown that synchronous spermatogenesis can be induced in 2 d postpartum mice, but not in adult mice, by treating vitamin A sufficient males with RA. In this study, neonatal males were treated at different ages with a single dose of RA and spermatogenesis was examined after recovery to adulthood. The failure of exogenous RA to alter asynchrony correlates with the appearance of meiotic preleptotene spermatocytes within the seminiferous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Davis
- School of Molecular Biosciences; Washington State University; Pullman, WA USA
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12
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Blum B, Roose AN, Barrandon O, Maehr R, Arvanites AC, Davidow LS, Davis JC, Peterson QP, Rubin LL, Melton DA. Reversal of β cell de-differentiation by a small molecule inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway. eLife 2014; 3:e02809. [PMID: 25233132 PMCID: PMC4204634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or death of pancreatic β cells underlies both types of diabetes. This functional decline begins with β cell stress and de-differentiation. Current drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D) lower blood glucose levels but they do not directly alleviate β cell stress nor prevent, let alone reverse, β cell de-differentiation. We show here that Urocortin 3 (Ucn3), a marker for mature β cells, is down-regulated in the early stages of T2D in mice and when β cells are stressed in vitro. Using an insulin expression-coupled lineage tracer, with Ucn3 as a reporter for the mature β cell state, we screen for factors that reverse β cell de-differentiation. We find that a small molecule inhibitor of TGFβ receptor I (Alk5) protects cells from the loss of key β cell transcription factors and restores a mature β cell identity even after exposure to prolonged and severe diabetes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02809.001 Diabetes is a condition that develops when the body does not produce or use a hormone called insulin effectively. Insulin helps fat and muscle cells absorb glucose from the blood, and so diabetes can result in high levels of blood glucose, which can cause strokes, blindness, and heart disease. In healthy individuals, beta cells in the pancreas (a large gland located behind the stomach) produce insulin. The beta cells develop from endocrine progenitor cells, which are unspecialised cells that can either duplicate themselves or ‘differentiate’ to form one of the specialised cell types found in the pancreas. In diabetic patients, however, certain stresses (such as an immune attack in type-1 diabetics or insulin-resistance due to obesity, pregnancy, or ageing in type-2 diabetics) can cause mature beta cells to lose their identity in a process known as ‘de-differentiation’. This means that beta cells either revert back to an earlier stage in their development or adopt a new dysfunctional identity. When this occurs, the body loses beta cells and is unable to produce insulin. It was not known whether de-differentiated beta cells in diabetic patients can recover to form mature beta cells that are capable of producing insulin. Additionally, the drugs currently used to treat diabetes are able to lower blood glucose levels, but these drugs do not replace the lost beta cells. Blum et al. now show that mice stop expressing a gene called Urocortin 3 when beta cells first start to de-differentiate. Only functional beta cells express Urocortin 3, so this gene is a useful ‘marker’ that can be used to tell if a cell is a mature, functional beta cell or not. Using this system, Blum et al. found that if de-differentiated cells are transplanted into a non-diabetic mouse, they are able to revert back into mature beta cells that can produce insulin. This happens even if the cells have been de-differentiated for a long time. Blum et al. then used this system to investigate ways of protecting against or reversing beta cell de-differentiation. Using small molecules to block the activity of a protein called TGF beta receptor 1 was found to protect against beta cell de-differentiation and to restore the identity of mature beta cells. The findings of Blum et al. represent a first step towards the possible development of new drugs to prevent or even restore the loss of healthy, mature beta cells in diabetic patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02809.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Blum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Adam N Roose
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ornella Barrandon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - René Maehr
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Anthony C Arvanites
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lance S Davidow
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Davis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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13
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Anderson T, Arguelles C, Arlen TC, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Classen L, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eichmann B, Eisch J, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gier D, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grandmont DT, Grant D, Gretskov P, Groh JC, Groß A, Ha C, Haack C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hellwig D, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Jurkovic M, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kauer M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Koob A, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Kriesten A, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Larsen DT, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Macías O, Madsen J, Maggi G, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Meli A, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Middlemas E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Omairat A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Paul L, Penek O, Pepper JA, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Pütz J, Quinnan M, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Rees I, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rodrigues JP, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stanisha NA, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Unger E, Usner M, Vallecorsa S, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallraff M, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wichary C, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in three years of IceCube data. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:101101. [PMID: 25238345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A search for high-energy neutrinos interacting within the IceCube detector between 2010 and 2012 provided the first evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux of extraterrestrial origin. Results from an analysis using the same methods with a third year (2012-2013) of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8) GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7σ. The data are consistent with expectations for equal fluxes of all three neutrino flavors and with isotropic arrival directions, suggesting either numerous or spatially extended sources. The three-year data set, with a live time of 988 days, contains a total of 37 neutrino candidate events with deposited energies ranging from 30 to 2000 TeV. The 2000-TeV event is the highest-energy neutrino interaction ever observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Arguelles
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T C Arlen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - X Bai
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA and Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Blumenthal
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - B Christy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Clevermann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - M Danninger
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Eagan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Eisch
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - O Fadiran
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T Feusels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fischer-Wasels
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Franckowiak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Frantzen
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Gier
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D T Grandmont
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - P Gretskov
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J C Groh
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Groß
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Hallen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Hebecker
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Heinen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Hellwig
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G C Hill
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P O Hulth
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hussain
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Jacobsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Jagielski
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O Jlelati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - A Kappes
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Kläs
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Köhne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koob
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Kriesten
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Kroll
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D T Larsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Leute
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Lünemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Macías
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - E Middlemas
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N Milke
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Miller
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Obertacke
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Odrowski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Omairat
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Paul
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - O Penek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Pütz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rameez
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Rees
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Resconi
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Robertson
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Ruzybayev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S M Saba
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H-G Sander
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - K Schatto
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Scheriau
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Schmitz
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - A Schukraft
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Schulte
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Schulz
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Y Sestayo
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - C Sheremata
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M W E Smith
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - N A Stanisha
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Stasik
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E A Strahler
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N L Strotjohann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Tamburro
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Tepe
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Usner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Vallecorsa
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Wellons
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wichary
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J Ziemann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Zierke
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fujita K, Kim CK, Lee I, Lee J, Hamidian MH, Firmo IA, Mukhopadhyay S, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Lawler MJ, Kim EA, Davis JC. Simultaneous transitions in cuprate momentum-space topology and electronic symmetry breaking. Science 2014; 344:612-6. [PMID: 24812397 DOI: 10.1126/science.1248783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The existence of electronic symmetry breaking in the underdoped cuprates and its disappearance with increased hole density p are now widely reported. However, the relation between this transition and the momentum-space (k-space) electronic structure underpinning the superconductivity has not yet been established. Here, we visualize the Q = 0 (intra-unit-cell) and Q ≠ 0 (density-wave) broken-symmetry states, simultaneously with the coherent k-space topology, for Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O(8+δ) samples spanning the phase diagram 0.06 ≤ p ≤ 0.23. We show that the electronic symmetry-breaking tendencies weaken with increasing p and disappear close to a critical doping p(c) = 0.19. Concomitantly, the coherent k-space topology undergoes an abrupt transition, from arcs to closed contours, at the same p(c). These data reveal that the k-space topology transformation in cuprates is linked intimately with the disappearance of the electronic symmetry breaking at a concealed critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujita
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eichmann B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grandmont DT, Grant D, Groß A, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Unger E, Usner M, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Evidence for high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos at the IceCube detector. Science 2013; 342:1242856. [PMID: 24264993 DOI: 10.1126/science.1242856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report on results of an all-sky search for high-energy neutrino events interacting within the IceCube neutrino detector conducted between May 2010 and May 2012. The search follows up on the previous detection of two PeV neutrino events, with improved sensitivity and extended energy coverage down to about 30 TeV. Twenty-six additional events were observed, substantially more than expected from atmospheric backgrounds. Combined, both searches reject a purely atmospheric origin for the 28 events at the 4σ level. These 28 events, which include the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, have flavors, directions, and energies inconsistent with those expected from the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. These properties are, however, consistent with generic predictions for an additional component of extraterrestrial origin.
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, Benzvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grandmont DT, Grant D, Groß A, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Palazzo A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:081801. [PMID: 24010427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the first statistically significant detection of neutrino oscillations in the high-energy regime (>20 GeV) from an analysis of IceCube Neutrino Observatory data collected in 2010 and 2011. This measurement is made possible by the low-energy threshold of the DeepCore detector (~20 GeV) and benefits from the use of the IceCube detector as a veto against cosmic-ray-induced muon background. The oscillation signal was detected within a low-energy muon neutrino sample (20-100 GeV) extracted from data collected by DeepCore. A high-energy muon neutrino sample (100 GeV-10 TeV) was extracted from IceCube data to constrain systematic uncertainties. The disappearance of low-energy upward-going muon neutrinos was observed, and the nonoscillation hypothesis is rejected with more than 5σ significance. In a two-neutrino flavor formalism, our data are best described by the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters |Δm(32)(2)|=(2.3(-0.5)(+0.6))×10(-3) eV(2) and sin(2)(2θ(23))>0.93, and maximum mixing is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, 5005 Australia
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:021103. [PMID: 23889381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04±0.16 and 1.14±0.17 PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current ν(e,μ,τ) (ν(e,μ,τ)) or charged-current ν(e) (ν(e)) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective live time. The expected number of atmospheric background is 0.082±0.004(stat)(-0.057)(+0.041)(syst). The probability of observing two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is 2.9×10(-3) (2.8σ) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux; the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia 5005, Australia
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Buitink S, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dreyer J, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heimann P, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Panknin S, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönherr L, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. Measurement of the atmospheric νe flux in IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:151105. [PMID: 25167245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.151105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric electron neutrino flux in the energy range between approximately 80 GeV and 6 TeV, using data recorded during the first year of operation of IceCube's DeepCore low-energy extension. Techniques to identify neutrinos interacting within the DeepCore volume and veto muons originating outside the detector are demonstrated. A sample of 1029 events is observed in 281 days of data, of which 496±66(stat)±88(syst) are estimated to be cascade events, including both electron neutrino and neutral current events. The rest of the sample includes residual backgrounds due to atmospheric muons and charged current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos. The flux of the atmospheric electron neutrinos is consistent with models of atmospheric neutrinos in this energy range. This constitutes the first observation of electron neutrinos and neutral current interactions in a very large volume neutrino telescope optimized for the TeV energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Abbasi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Abdou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Altmann
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Auffenberg
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X Bai
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Baker
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA and Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Bechet
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bell
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | | | - D Bertrand
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Blumenthal
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Bohaichuk
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Bose
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Böser
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - R Bruijn
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Carson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Christy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - F Clevermann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Cohen
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - M Danninger
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Dreyer
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Eagan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Eisch
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - O Engdegård
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Euler
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - O Fadiran
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Feusels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fischer-Wasels
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Franckowiak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - K Frantzen
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - A Groß
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Gurtner
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Heimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heinen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G C Hill
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P O Hulth
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hussain
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Jacobsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O Jlelati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - A Kappes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - J Kläs
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Köhne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Krasberg
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Kroll
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Labare
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Leute
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Lünemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Merck
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Mészáros
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - N Milke
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Miller
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Obertacke
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Olivo
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Panknin
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Paul
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Pirk
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E Resconi
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Ribordy
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Ruzybayev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S M Saba
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Salameh
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H-G Sander
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - K Schatto
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Scheel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Scheriau
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Schmitz
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schönherr
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Schukraft
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Schulte
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Schulz
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S H Seo
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Sestayo
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - C Sheremata
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - M W E Smith
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Soiron
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Stasik
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E A Strahler
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Tamburro
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Toscano
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Usner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D van der Drift
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Van Overloop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J van Santen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Waldenmaier
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Wasserman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Wellons
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Xu
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J Ziemann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Zierke
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zilles
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Buitink S, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dreyer J, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heimann P, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönherr L, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. Search for dark matter annihilations in the sun with the 79-string IceCube detector. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:131302. [PMID: 23581307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a search for muon neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the center of the Sun with the 79-string configuration of the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, the DeepCore subarray is included in the analysis, lowering the energy threshold and extending the search to the austral summer. The 317 days of data collected between June 2010 and May 2011 are consistent with the expected background from atmospheric muons and neutrinos. Upper limits are set on the dark matter annihilation rate, with conversions to limits on spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) on protons, for WIMP masses in the range 20-5000 GeV/c2. These are the most stringent spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section limits to date above 35 GeV/c2 for most WIMP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Hsu CL, Nagamatsu LS, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T. Examining the relationship between specific cognitive processes and falls risk in older adults: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2409-24. [PMID: 22638707 PMCID: PMC4476839 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-1992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to establish which cognitive domains are associated with falls or falls risk. Recent evidence suggests that impaired cognition increases seniors' risk of falling. The purpose of this review was to identify the cognitive domains that are significantly associated with falls or falls risk in older adults. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles published from 1948 to present, focusing on studies investigating different domains of cognitive function and their association with falls or falls risk in adults aged 60 years or older. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we completed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases to identify studies examining the association between cognitive function and falls or falls risk. With an expert in the field, we developed a quality assessment questionnaire to rate the quality of the studies included in this systematic review. Twenty-five studies were included in the review. We categorized studies based on two related but distinct cognitive domains: (1) executive functions or (2) dual-task ability. Twelve studies reported a significant association between executive functions and falls risk. Thirteen studies reported that dual-task performance is a predictor of falls or falls risk in older adults. Three studies did not report an association between cognition and falls risk. Consistent evidence demonstrated that executive functions and dual-task performance were highly associated with falls or falls risk. The results from this review will aid healthcare professionals and researchers in developing innovative screening and treatment strategies for mitigating falls risk by targeting specific cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Hsu
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Brain Research Centre, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, VCH Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, Robertson MC, Marra CA. SF-6D and EQ-5D result in widely divergent incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in a clinical trial of older women: implications for health policy decisions. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1849-57. [PMID: 21909728 PMCID: PMC4508131 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Using two instruments (SF-6D and EQ-5D) to estimate quality adjusted life years (QALYs), we conducted an economic evaluation of a 12-month randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up study in older women to evaluate the value for money of two doses of resistance training compared with balance and tone classes. We found that the incremental QALYs estimated from the SF-6D were two- to threefold greater than those estimated from the EQ-5D. INTRODUCTION Decision makers must continually choose between existing and new interventions. Hence, economic evaluations are increasingly prevalent. The impact of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) estimates using different instruments on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) is not well understood in older adults. Thus, we compared ICERs, in older women, estimated by the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and the Short Form-6D (SF-6D) to discuss implications on decision making. METHODS Using both the EQ-5D and the SF-6D, we compared the incremental cost per QALY gained in a randomized controlled trial of resistance training in 155 community-dwelling women aged 65 to 75 years. The 12-month randomized controlled trial included a subsequent 12-month follow-up. Our focus, the follow-up study, included 123 of the 155 participants from the Brain Power study; 98 took part in the economic evaluation (twice-weekly balance and tone exercises, n = 28; once-weekly resistance training, n = 35; twice-weekly resistance training, n = 35). Our primary outcome measure was the incremental cost per QALY gained of once- or twice-weekly resistance training compared with balance and tone exercises. RESULTS At cessation of the follow-up study, the incremental QALY was -0.051 (EQ-5D) and -0.144 (SF-6D) for the once-weekly resistance training group and -0.081 (EQ-5D) and -0.127 (SF-6D) for the twice-weekly resistance training group compared with balance and tone classes. CONCLUSION The incremental QALYs estimated from the SF-6D were two- to threefold greater than those estimated from the EQ-5D. Given the large magnitude of difference, the choice of preference-based utility instrument may substantially impact health care decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, VCH Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Research Pavilion, 7th floor, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Davis JC, Robertson MC, Comans T, Scuffham PA. Guidelines for conducting and reporting economic evaluation of fall prevention strategies. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2449-59. [PMID: 21104231 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Falls in older people result in substantial health burden. Compelling evidence indicates that falls can be prevented. We developed comprehensive guidelines for economic evaluations of fall prevention interventions to facilitate publication of high-quality economic evaluations of the effective strategies and aid decision making. INTRODUCTION The importance of economics applied to falls and fall prevention in older people has largely been overlooked. The use of different methodologies to assess the costs and health benefits of the interventions and their comparators and the inconsistent reporting in the studies limits the usefulness of these economic evaluations for decision making. We developed guidelines to encourage and facilitate completion of high-quality economic evaluations of effective fall prevention strategies. METHODS We used a generic checklist for economic evaluations as a platform to develop comprehensive guidelines for conducting and reporting economic evaluations of fall prevention strategies. We considered the many challenges involved, particularly in identifying, measuring, and valuing the relevant cost items. RESULTS We recommend researchers include cost outcomes and report incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in terms of falls prevented and quality adjusted life years in all clinical trials of fall prevention interventions. Studies should include the following cost categories: (1) implementing the intervention, (2) delivering the comparator group intervention, (3) total health care costs, (4) costs of fall-related health care resource use, and (5) personal and informal carer opportunity costs. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides a timely benchmark to promote comparability and consistency for conducting and reporting economic evaluations of fall prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, VCH Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Research Pavilion, 7th floor, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Davis JC, Robertson MC, Ashe MC, Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, Marra CA. Does a home-based strength and balance programme in people aged > or =80 years provide the best value for money to prevent falls? A systematic review of economic evaluations of falls prevention interventions. Br J Sports Med 2011; 44:80-9. [PMID: 20154094 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the value for money of strategies to prevent falls in older adults living in the community. DESIGN Systematic review of peer reviewed journal articles reporting an economic evaluation of a falls prevention intervention as part of a randomised controlled trial or a controlled trial, or using an analytical model. MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and NHS EED databases were searched to identify cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit studies from 1945 through July 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was incremental cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit ratios in the reported currency and in pounds sterling at 2008 prices. The quality of the studies was assessed using two instruments: (1) an economic evaluation checklist developed by Drummond and colleagues and (2) the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument. RESULTS Nine studies meeting our inclusion criteria included eight cost-effectiveness analyses, one cost-utility and one cost-benefit analysis. Three effective falls prevention strategies were cost saving in a subgroup of PARTICIPANTS (1) an individually customised multifactorial programme in those with four or more of the eight targeted fall risk factors, (2) the home-based Otago Exercise Programme in people > or =80 years and (3) a home safety programme in the subgroup with a previous fall. These three findings were from six studies that scored > or =75% on the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument. CONCLUSIONS Best value for money came from effective single factor interventions such as the Otago Exercise Programme which was cost saving in adults 80 years and older. This programme has broad applicability thus warranting warrants health policy decision-makers' close scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Centre for Hip Health & Mobility, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Abu-Zayyad T, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Andeen K, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Bay R, Bazo Alba JL, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker JK, Becker KH, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brown AM, Buitink S, Carson M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clem J, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Colnard C, Cowen DF, D'Agostino MV, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, Demirörs L, Depaepe O, Descamps F, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dierckxsens M, Dreyer J, Dumm JP, Ehrlich R, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Foerster MM, Fox BD, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Geisler M, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Goodman JA, Grant D, Griesel T, Gross A, Grullon S, Gurtner M, Ha C, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Han K, Hanson K, Heinen D, Helbing K, Herquet P, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Hubert D, Huelsnitz W, Hülss JP, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Johansson H, Joseph JM, Kampert KH, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kemming N, Kenny P, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Kowarik T, Krasberg M, Krings T, Kroll G, Kuehn K, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lafebre S, Laihem K, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lauer R, Lehmann R, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Majumdar P, Marotta A, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Montaruli T, Morse R, Movit SM, Nahnhauer R, Nam JW, Naumann U, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Ono M, Panknin S, Paul L, Pérez de los Heros C, Petrovic J, Piegsa A, Pieloth D, Porrata R, Posselt J, Price PB, Prikockis M, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Rizzo A, Rodrigues JP, Roth P, Rothmaier F, Rott C, Ruhe T, Rutledge D, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Schmidt T, Schoenwald A, Schukraft A, Schultes A, Schulz O, Schunck M, Seckel D, Semburg B, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Silvestri A, Slipak A, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stephens G, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stoyanov S, Strahler EA, Straszheim T, Sullivan GW, Swillens Q, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tarasova O, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Tosi D, Turčan D, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Voigt B, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Walter M, Weaver C, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu XW, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P. Limits on neutrino emission from gamma-ray bursts with the 40 string IceCube detector. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:141101. [PMID: 21561178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
IceCube has become the first neutrino telescope with a sensitivity below the TeV neutrino flux predicted from gamma-ray bursts if gamma-ray bursts are responsible for the observed cosmic-ray flux above 10(18) eV. Two separate analyses using the half-complete IceCube detector, one a dedicated search for neutrinos from pγ interactions in the prompt phase of the gamma-ray burst fireball and the other a generic search for any neutrino emission from these sources over a wide range of energies and emission times, produced no evidence for neutrino emission, excluding prevailing models at 90% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Snyder EM, Davis JC, Zhou Q, Evanoff R, Griswold MD. Exposure to retinoic acid in the neonatal but not adult mouse results in synchronous spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:886-93. [PMID: 21228214 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.089755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is required for germ cell differentiation, the regulation of which gives rise to a constant production of mature sperm. In testes from 3-day postpartum (dpp) RARE-hsplacZ mice, periodic regions positive for beta-galactosidase activity were observed along the length of the seminiferous tubules. Periodicity was abolished by treatment of neonates with exogenous RA at 2 dpp. To assess the consequences, 2-dpp mice were treated with RA, and the long- and short-term effects were assessed. Long-term effects of neonatal RA exposure included a delay in the appearance of advanced germ cells and the absence of a spermatogenic wave (synchronous spermatogenesis) in the adult. In contrast, RA exposure in vitamin A-sufficient adults did not result in synchronous spermatogenesis but rather induced apoptosis in a subset of spermatogonia. Shortly after (24 h) neonates were exposed, altered expression of known germ cell differentiation and the (Stra8, Kit, Sycp3, and Rec8) meiosis markers and an increase in the number of STRA8 and SYCP3 immunopositive cells were observed relative to those of vehicle controls. However, 48 and 72 h after exposure, a significant reduction in the number of STRA8 and SYCP3 immunopositive cells occurred. Immunohistochemical analysis of a marker for apoptosis demonstrated neonatal exposure resulted in increased germ cell apoptosis, as observed in the adult. Additionally, RA exposure resulted in increased Cyp26a1 expression of the RA-degrading enzyme. Thus, while RA treatment of neonatal and adult mice resulted in apoptosis of spermatogonia, synchronous spermatogenesis occurred only after neonatal RA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Snyder
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Lawler MJ, Fujita K, Lee J, Schmidt AR, Kohsaka Y, Kim CK, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JC, Sethna JP, Kim EA. Intra-unit-cell electronic nematicity of the high-T(c) copper-oxide pseudogap states. Nature 2010; 466:347-51. [PMID: 20631795 DOI: 10.1038/nature09169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors the pseudogap phase becomes predominant when the density of doped holes is reduced. Within this phase it has been unclear which electronic symmetries (if any) are broken, what the identity of any associated order parameter might be, and which microscopic electronic degrees of freedom are active. Here we report the determination of a quantitative order parameter representing intra-unit-cell nematicity: the breaking of rotational symmetry by the electronic structure within each CuO(2) unit cell. We analyse spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunnelling microscope images of the intra-unit-cell states in underdoped Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 +) (delta) and, using two independent evaluation techniques, find evidence for electronic nematicity of the states close to the pseudogap energy. Moreover, we demonstrate directly that these phenomena arise from electronic differences at the two oxygen sites within each unit cell. If the characteristics of the pseudogap seen here and by other techniques all have the same microscopic origin, this phase involves weak magnetic states at the O sites that break 90 degrees -rotational symmetry within every CuO(2) unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lawler
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA
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Davis JC, Robertson MC, Ashe MC, Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, Marra CA. International comparison of cost of falls in older adults living in the community: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1295-306. [PMID: 20195846 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Our objective was to determine international estimates of the economic burden of falls in older people living in the community. Our systematic review emphasized the need for a consensus on methodology for cost of falls studies to enable more accurate comparisons and subgroup-specific estimates among different countries. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine international estimates of the economic burden of falls in older people living in the community. METHODS This is a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles reporting estimates for the cost of falls in people aged > or =60 years living in the community. We searched for papers published between 1945 and December 2008 in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Collaboration, and NHS EED databases that identified cost of falls in older adults. We extracted the cost of falls in the reported currency and converted them to US dollars at 2008 prices, cost items measured, perspective, time horizon, and sensitivity analysis. We assessed the quality of the studies using a selection of questions from Drummond's checklist. RESULTS Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies varied with respect to viewpoint of the analysis, definition of falls, identification of important and relevant cost items, and time horizon. Only two studies reported a sensitivity analysis and only four studies identified the viewpoint of their economic analysis. In the USA, non-fatal and fatal falls cost US $23.3 billion (2008 prices) annually and US $1.6 billion in the UK. CONCLUSIONS The economic cost of falls is likely greater than policy makers appreciate. The mean cost of falls was dependent on the denominator used and ranged from US $3,476 per faller to US $10,749 per injurious fall and US $26,483 per fall requiring hospitalization. A consensus on methodology for cost of falls studies would enable more accurate comparisons and subgroup-specific estimates among different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Lee J, Fujita K, Schmidt AR, Kim CK, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JC. Spectroscopic fingerprint of phase-incoherent superconductivity in the cuprate pseudogap state [corrected]. Science 2009; 325:1099-103. [PMID: 19713522 DOI: 10.1126/science.1176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A possible explanation for the existence of the cuprate "pseudogap" state is that it is a d-wave superconductor without quantum phase rigidity. Transport and thermodynamic studies provide compelling evidence that supports this proposal, but few spectroscopic explorations of it have been made. One spectroscopic signature of d-wave superconductivity is the particle-hole symmetric "octet" of dispersive Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference modulations. Here we report on this octet's evolution from low temperatures to well into the underdoped pseudogap regime. No pronounced changes occur in the octet phenomenology at the superconductor's critical temperature Tc, and it survives up to at least temperature T approximately 1.5 Tc. In this pseudogap regime, we observe the detailed phenomenology that was theoretically predicted for quasiparticle interference in a phase-incoherent d-wave superconductor. Thus, our results not only provide spectroscopic evidence to confirm and extend the transport and thermodynamics studies, but they also open the way for spectroscopic explorations of phase fluctuation rates, their effects on the Fermi arc, and the fundamental source of the phase fluctuations that suppress superconductivity in underdoped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhinhwan Lee
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Finkielman JD, Merkel PA, Schroeder D, Hoffman GS, Spiera R, St Clair EW, Davis JC, McCune WJ, Lears A, Ytterberg SR, Hummel AM, Viss MA, Peikert T, Stone JH, Specks U. Glycosylation of proteinase 3 (PR3) is not required for its reactivity with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Wegener's granulomatosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:S45-S52. [PMID: 19646346 PMCID: PMC3183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glycosylation status of autoantigens appears to be crucial for the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, since carbohydrates play a crucial role in the distinction of self from non-self. Proteinase 3 (PR3), the main target antigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), contains two Asn-linked glycosylation sites. The present study explores the influence of the glycosylation status of PR3 on the PR3 recognition by ANCA in a well characterized population of patients with WG. METHODS Forty-four patients with WG (459 serum samples) who participated in a multicenter randomized trial, were tested by capture ELISA for ANCA against PR3 and deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3. RESULTS The patients were followed for a median of 27 months, and the median number of serum samples per patient was 10. At baseline, the correlation between the levels of ANCA against PR3 and against all the deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3 were greater than 0.94 (?<0.001 for all the comparisons). Longitudinal analyses comparing the levels of ANCA against PR3 versus all the deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3, using linear mixed models, showed no significant statistical differences (rho >or=0.90 in all cases). CONCLUSION The glycosylation status of PR3 has no impact on its recognition by ANCA in WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Finkielman
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kohsaka Y, Taylor C, Wahl P, Schmidt A, Lee J, Fujita K, Alldredge JW, McElroy K, Lee J, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Lee DH, Davis JC. How Cooper pairs vanish approaching the Mott insulator in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. Nature 2008; 454:1072-8. [PMID: 18756248 DOI: 10.1038/nature07243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antiferromagnetic ground state of copper oxide Mott insulators is achieved by localizing an electron at each copper atom in real space (r-space). Removing a small fraction of these electrons (hole doping) transforms this system into a superconducting fluid of delocalized Cooper pairs in momentum space (k-space). During this transformation, two distinctive classes of electronic excitations appear. At high energies, the mysterious 'pseudogap' excitations are found, whereas, at lower energies, Bogoliubov quasi-particles-the excitations resulting from the breaking of Cooper pairs-should exist. To explore this transformation, and to identify the two excitation types, we have imaged the electronic structure of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) in r-space and k-space simultaneously. We find that although the low-energy excitations are indeed Bogoliubov quasi-particles, they occupy only a restricted region of k-space that shrinks rapidly with diminishing hole density. Concomitantly, spectral weight is transferred to higher energy r-space states that lack the characteristics of excitations from delocalized Cooper pairs. Instead, these states break translational and rotational symmetries locally at the atomic scale in an energy-independent way. We demonstrate that these unusual r-space excitations are, in fact, the pseudogap states. Thus, as the Mott insulating state is approached by decreasing the hole density, the delocalized Cooper pairs vanish from k-space, to be replaced by locally translational- and rotational-symmetry-breaking pseudogap states in r-space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kohsaka
- LASSP, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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van der Heijde D, Schiff MH, Sieper J, Kivitz AJ, Wong RL, Kupper H, Dijkmans BAC, Mease PJ, Davis JC. Adalimumab effectiveness for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is maintained for up to 2 years: long-term results from the ATLAS trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:922-9. [PMID: 18701556 PMCID: PMC2674550 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.087270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the long-term effect of adalimumab on patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who participated in the Adalimumab Trial Evaluating Long-Term Efficacy and Safety in AS (ATLAS), a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, 24-week trial. Methods: Patients received adalimumab 40 mg every other week (eow) or placebo for 24 weeks in ATLAS. At week 24, patients were switched to open-label adalimumab 40 mg eow. Efficacy measures included 20% improvement in the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria (ASAS20), ASAS40 and ASAS partial remission responses and changes in individual components of the ASAS20 response evaluations, for example, Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Two-year interim data were analysed based on the total duration of adalimumab exposure, irrespective of the treatment randomisation group. Results: At 2 years, 255 (82.0%) of the original 311 ATLAS patients continued receiving adalimumab treatment. Improvements in ASAS responses observed in ATLAS were sustained during long-term treatment; 64.5% (200/310) were ASAS20 responders, 50.6% (157/310) were ASAS40 responders and 33.5% (104/310) had maintained ASAS-defined partial remission. Changes in individual ASAS response components were sustained or improved during long-term adalimumab treatment. From ATLAS baseline to 2 years of adalimumab exposure, respectively, BASDAI improved from 6.3 (SD 1.7) to 2.4 (SD 2.3) and BASFI improved from 5.2 (SD 2.4) to 2.9 (SD 2.5). Adalimumab was well tolerated. No cases of tuberculosis, congestive heart failure, lupus-like symptoms, or demyelinating disease were reported. Conclusions: Adalimumab reduced the signs and symptoms of AS and induced partial remission for up to 2 years. The long-term safety profile was similar to the short-term safety profile. Trial registration information: NCT00085644
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Affiliation(s)
- D van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Einstein S, Ory P, Vosse D, Ni L, Lin SL, Tsuji W, Davis JC. Radiographic progression of ankylosing spondylitis after up to two years of treatment with etanercept. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1324-31. [PMID: 18438853 DOI: 10.1002/art.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of etanercept therapy on radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS Patients with AS who had previously participated in a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of etanercept therapy were enrolled in a 72-week open-label extension. Radiographs of the cervical and lumbar spine from patients who received etanercept (25 mg twice weekly) for up to 96 weeks were compared with radiographs from patients in a large prevalence cohort (Outcome Assessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study [OASIS]) who had not been treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) agents. Radiographs obtained at 2 time points up to 96 weeks apart from patients in both study populations were digitized and read by 2 independent readers who were blinded with regard to patient group and sequence. The primary end point was the 96-week change in the modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS). RESULTS A total of 257 patients treated with etanercept were compared with 175 unselected patients from the OASIS study. There was no significant difference in the change in the mSASSS from baseline among patients who received etanercept (mean +/- SD 0.91 +/- 2.45) versus those from the OASIS group (0.95 +/- 3.18). CONCLUSION Unlike other inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, structural progression in AS seems to be independent of TNF, despite the fact that TNF is responsible for the signs and symptoms due to inflammation in this disease.
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van der Heijde D, Pangan AL, Schiff MH, Braun J, Borofsky M, Torre J, Davis JC, Wong RL, Kupper H, Collantes E. Adalimumab effectively reduces the signs and symptoms of active ankylosing spondylitis in patients with total spinal ankylosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:1218-21. [PMID: 18056755 PMCID: PMC2564805 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.082529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and total spinal ankylosis (TSA). Design: Patients (n = 315) with active AS were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive adalimumab 40 mg every other week or placebo for 24 weeks followed by open-label adalimumab for up to 5 years. Two-year efficacy and safety data for 11 patients with investigator-defined TSA were evaluated. The primary end point was the ASsessment in AS International Working Group criteria for 20% improvement (ASAS20) at Week 12. On or after Week 12, ASAS20 non-responders could switch to open-label adalimumab. Other efficacy measurements included ASAS40, ASAS 5/6, ASAS partial remission, and 50% improvement in the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI 50). Results: 6 of 11 TSA patients were randomised to adalimumab and 5 to placebo. At Week 12, 50% of the adalimumab-treated patients achieved an ASAS20 response and 33% achieved an ASAS40, ASAS 5/6 and BASDAI 50. No placebo-treated patients achieved any response criteria at Week 12. 4 placebo- and 2 adalimumab-treated patients switched to open-label adalimumab before Week 24. After 1 year of adalimumab treatment, 8 of 11 patients achieved an ASAS20 response. After 2 years, 6 of the remaining 8 patients with TSA reported an ASAS20 response. There were no serious adverse events or adverse event-related study discontinuations. Conclusion: In patients with TSA, adalimumab treatment resulted in rapid and clinically significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of active disease. Adalimumab effectiveness and safety were sustained for at least 2 years. Trial registration number: NCT00085644.
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Davis JC, van der Heijde DM, Braun J, Dougados M, Clegg DO, Kivitz AJ, Fleischmann RM, Inman RD, Ni L, Lin SL, Tsuji WH. Efficacy and safety of up to 192 weeks of etanercept therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:346-52. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.078139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gensler LS, Ward MM, Reveille JD, Learch TJ, Weisman MH, Davis JC. Clinical, radiographic and functional differences between juvenile-onset and adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis: results from the PSOAS cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:233-7. [PMID: 17604288 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.072512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous data suggests that patients with juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis (JoAS) have more severe disease and worse functional outcomes than adult-onset AS (AoAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, functional and radiographic differences between patients with JoAS and AoAS in a large cohort of patients with long-standing disease. METHODS A total of 402 subjects who met the Modified New York Criteria for definitive AS and had had disease >or=20 years were enrolled in a multi-centre cross-sectional study (Prospective Study of Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis; PSOAS). JoAS was defined as initial symptoms <or=16 years of age. A total of 79 subjects with JoAS and 323 subjects with AoAS were identified. An analysis of clinical and demographic comparisons between the two groups was performed including HLA B27 status. Functional outcomes were assessed by Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire modified for the Spondyloarthropathies (HAQS). Radiographic disease severity was assessed by the Bath AS Radiology Index (BASRI). RESULTS With the exception of obvious differences in age at onset and disease duration, demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. However, the JoAS group trended towards more women (32.9 vs 22.9%, p = 0.07). Controlling for multiple covariates including disease duration, both the BASRI hip score and the need for total hip arthroplasty (THA) was higher in the JoAS group. The BASRI spine score (including total, lumbar and cervical spine) was significantly lower in the patients with JoAS even after controlling for multiple covariates including disease duration and gender. No difference in function (BASFI or HAQS scores) between groups was identified. CONCLUSIONS Compared to AoAS, subjects with JoAS have (1) less severe axial involvement radiographically, (2) similar functional outcomes, (3) more hip involvement with a greater need for THA, and (4) a slightly higher proportion of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Gensler
- University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Avenue Box 0633 Room U383, San Francisco, CA 94143-0633, USA
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Kohsaka Y, Taylor C, Fujita K, Schmidt A, Lupien C, Hanaguri T, Azuma M, Takano M, Eisaki H, Takagi H, Uchida S, Davis JC. An Intrinsic Bond-Centered Electronic Glass with Unidirectional Domains in Underdoped Cuprates. Science 2007; 315:1380-5. [PMID: 17289939 DOI: 10.1126/science.1138584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Removing electrons from the CuO2 plane of cuprates alters the electronic correlations sufficiently to produce high-temperature superconductivity. Associated with these changes are spectral-weight transfers from the high-energy states of the insulator to low energies. In theory, these should be detectable as an imbalance between the tunneling rate for electron injection and extraction-a tunneling asymmetry. We introduce atomic-resolution tunneling-asymmetry imaging, finding virtually identical phenomena in two lightly hole-doped cuprates: Ca(1.88)Na(0.12)CuO(2)Cl2 and Bi2Sr2Dy(0.2)Ca(0.8)Cu2O(8+delta). Intense spatial variations in tunneling asymmetry occur primarily at the planar oxygen sites; their spatial arrangement forms a Cu-O-Cu bond-centered electronic pattern without long-range order but with 4a(0)-wide unidirectional electronic domains dispersed throughout (a(0): the Cu-O-Cu distance). The emerging picture is then of a partial hole localization within an intrinsic electronic glass evolving, at higher hole densities, into complete delocalization and highest-temperature superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kohsaka
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Ashe MC, Khan KM, Davis JC, Guy P, McKay HA. Hand dominance and bone response after a distal radial fracture: a peripheral QCT study. J Clin Densitom 2007; 10:93-101. [PMID: 17289531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are no reports on bone geometry or volumetric bone density adaptations in those who have sustained a distal radial fracture. We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to quantify bone and muscle response to immobilization. We measured side-side differences in women aged > or =50 yr who had previously sustained a wrist fracture (4.0+/-3.5 mean yr since fracture). We used pQCT and DXA to measure bone in 31 women (mean age 72.4+/-9.7 yr) at the 4% and 30% sites of bilateral radii; measured grip strength and functional outcome. Initially, we compared the fractured side to intact side and did not control for hand dominance. We observed greater total area (ToA) at the distal (4%) radius on the fractured side without a significant increase in density. At the midshaft (30% site), we observed significantly less ToA and cortical bone on the fracture side. Grip strength was also significantly less on the fractured side (p<0.01). We assessed dominant side fractures and nondominant fractures separately. We observed a greater discrepancy between limbs with a nondominant side fracture, even after accounting for dominance. This cross-sectional study suggests that the bone response to a nondominant fracture may differ from a dominant fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ashe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Abstract
We present studies of the electronic structure of La(2-x)BaxCuO4, a system where the superconductivity is strongly suppressed as static spin and charge orders or "stripes" develop near the doping level of x = (1/8). Using angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy, we detect an energy gap at the Fermi surface with magnitude consistent with d-wave symmetry and with linear density of states, vanishing only at four nodal points, even when superconductivity disappears at x = (1/8). Thus, the nonsuperconducting, striped state at x = (1/8) is consistent with a phase-incoherent d-wave superconductor whose Cooper pairs form spin-charge-ordered structures instead of becoming superconducting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Valla
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Zhu JX, McElroy K, Lee J, Devereaux TP, Si Q, Davis JC, Balatsky AV. Effects of pairing potential scattering on Fourier-transformed inelastic tunneling spectra of high-Tc cuprate superconductors with bosonic modes. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:177001. [PMID: 17155496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.177001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experimentally observed strong gap inhomogeneity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta) (BSCCO). We argue that disorder in the pair potential underlies the gap inhomogeneity, and investigate its role in the Fourier-transformed inelastic tunneling spectra as revealed in the STM. We find that the random pair potential induces unique q-space patterns in the local density of states (LDOS) of a d-wave superconductor. We consider the effects of electron coupling to various bosonic modes and find the pattern of LDOS modulation due to coupling to the B(1g) phonon mode to be consistent with the one observed in the inelastic electron tunnneling STM experiment in BSCCO. These results suggest strong electron-lattice coupling as an essential part of the superconducting state in high-Tc materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Lee J, Fujita K, McElroy K, Slezak JA, Wang M, Aiura Y, Bando H, Ishikado M, Masui T, Zhu JX, Balatsky AV, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JC. Interplay of electron–lattice interactions and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Nature 2006; 442:546-50. [PMID: 16885980 DOI: 10.1038/nature04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Formation of electron pairs is essential to superconductivity. For conventional superconductors, tunnelling spectroscopy has established that pairing is mediated by bosonic modes (phonons); a peak in the second derivative of tunnel current d2I/dV2 corresponds to each phonon mode. For high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity, however, no boson mediating electron pairing has been identified. One explanation could be that electron pair formation and related electron-boson interactions are heterogeneous at the atomic scale and therefore challenging to characterize. However, with the latest advances in d2I/dV2 spectroscopy using scanning tunnelling microscopy, it has become possible to study bosonic modes directly at the atomic scale. Here we report d2I/dV2 imaging studies of the high-T(c) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. We find intense disorder of electron-boson interaction energies at the nanometre scale, along with the expected modulations in d2I/dV2 (refs 9, 10). Changing the density of holes has minimal effects on both the average mode energies and the modulations, indicating that the bosonic modes are unrelated to electronic or magnetic structure. Instead, the modes appear to be local lattice vibrations, as substitution of 18O for 16O throughout the material reduces the average mode energy by approximately 6 per cent--the expected effect of this isotope substitution on lattice vibration frequencies. Significantly, the mode energies are always spatially anticorrelated with the superconducting pairing-gap energies, suggesting an interplay between these lattice vibration modes and the superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- LASSP, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Davis JC, Dougados M, Braun J, Sieper J, van der Heijde D, van der Linden S. Definition of disease duration in ankylosing spondylitis: reassessing the concept. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1518-20. [PMID: 16464987 PMCID: PMC1798344 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.044834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The concept and definition of disease duration in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is ambiguous, and often many years pass between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Members of the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) International Working Group by consensus recently recommended identifying specific components of the medical history to better define and document the concept of disease duration. These include (1) the time of onset of the first symptoms of axial manifestations (including inflammatory back pain); (2) the time of onset of the first symptoms of each individual manifestation, which may be an extra-axial sign or symptom of ankylosing spondylitis, such as peripheral arthritis and enthesitis; (3) the time of onset of associated diseases belonging to the spondyloarthritides, in particular acute anterior uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis; and (4) the time since actual diagnosis by a healthcare provider. Such uniformity in data collection will ensure comparability across studies and facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Salter AE, Khan KM, Donaldson MG, Davis JC, Buchanan J, Abu-Laban RB, Cook WL, Lord SR, McKay HA. Community-dwelling seniors who present to the emergency department with a fall do not receive Guideline care and their fall risk profile worsens significantly: a 6-month prospective study. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:672-83. [PMID: 16491323 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fall risk is a major contributor to fracture risk; implementing fall reduction programmes remains a challenge for health professionals and policy-makers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We aimed to (1) ascertain whether the care received by 54 older adults after an emergency department (ED) fall presentation met internationally recommended 'Guideline Care', and (2) prospectively evaluate this cohort's 6-month change in fall risk profile. Participants were men and women aged 70 years or older who were discharged back into the community after presenting to an urban university tertiary-care hospital emergency department with a fall-related complaint. American Geriatric Society (AGS) guideline care was documented by post-presentation emergency department chart examination, daily patient diary of falls submitted monthly, patient interview and physician reconciliation where needed. Both at study entry and at a 6-month followup, we measured participants physiological characteristics by Lord's Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), functional status, balance confidence, depression, physical activity and other factors. RESULTS We found that only 2 of 54 (3.7%) of the fallers who presented to the ED received care consistent with AGS Guidelines. Baseline physiological fall risk scores classified the study population at a 1.7 SD higher risk than a 65-year-old comparison group, and during the 6-month followup period the mean fall-risk score increased significantly (i.e. greater risk of falls) (1.7+/-1.6 versus 2.2+/-1.6, p=0.000; 29.5% greater risk of falls). Also, functional ability [100 (15) versus 95 (25), p=0.002], balance confidence [82.5 (44.4) versus 71.3 (58.7), p=0.000] and depression [0 (2) versus 0 (3), p=0.000] all worsened over 6 months. Within 6 months of the index ED visit, five participants had suffered six fall-related fractures. DISCUSSION We conclude that this group of community-dwelling fallers, who presented for ED care with a clinical profile suggesting a high risk of further falls and fracture, did not receive Guideline care and worsened in their fall risk profile by 29.5%. This gap in care, at least in one centre, suggests further investigation into alternative approaches to delivering Guideline standard health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Salter
- UBC Bone Health Research Group, Centre for Hip Health, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Chan VWS, Clark AJ, Davis JC, Wolf RS, Kellstein D, Jayawardene S. The post-operative analgesic efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib compared with placebo and naproxen after total knee or hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:1491-500. [PMID: 16223396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumiracoxib is a novel selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor in development for the treatment of chronic and acute pain. METHODS This randomized, double-blind multicentre study enrolled 180 patients (aged 18-80 years) with moderate-to-severe pain (>or=2 on a 4-point categorical scale) within 48 h of unilateral total knee or total hip arthroplasty. Patients were randomized to receive lumiracoxib 400 mg once daily (n = 60), placebo (n = 60) or naproxen 500 mg twice daily (n = 60). The study consisted of a 12-h single-dose phase followed by a multiple-dose phase (up to 96 h or until discontinuation). The primary efficacy measure was the summed (time-weighted) pain intensity difference over 0-8 h after the first dose (SPID-8). RESULTS Lumiracoxib and naproxen were comparable and both treatments were superior to placebo for the primary efficacy measure, SPID-8. Both treatments were generally similar and also superior to placebo for the secondary efficacy measures during both the single- and multiple-dose phases for up to 96 h. Both active treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION Lumiracoxib is an effective alternative to traditional non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of post-operative pain.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Diclofenac/analogs & derivatives
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/therapeutic use
- Naproxen/administration & dosage
- Naproxen/adverse effects
- Naproxen/therapeutic use
- Organic Chemicals/administration & dosage
- Organic Chemicals/adverse effects
- Organic Chemicals/therapeutic use
- Pain Measurement
- Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy
- Sample Size
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Affiliation(s)
- V W S Chan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zochling J, van der Heijde D, Burgos-Vargas R, Collantes E, Davis JC, Dijkmans B, Dougados M, Géher P, Inman RD, Khan MA, Kvien TK, Leirisalo-Repo M, Olivieri I, Pavelka K, Sieper J, Stucki G, Sturrock RD, van der Linden S, Wendling D, Böhm H, van Royen BJ, Braun J. ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:442-52. [PMID: 16126791 PMCID: PMC1798102 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.041137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop evidence based recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as a combined effort of the 'ASsessment in AS' international working group and the European League Against Rheumatism. METHODS Each of the 22 participants was asked to contribute up to 15 propositions describing key clinical aspects of AS management. A Delphi process was used to select 10 final propositions. A systematic literature search was then performed to obtain scientific evidence for each proposition. Outcome data for efficacy, adverse effects, and cost effectiveness were abstracted. The effect size, relative risk, number needed to treat, and incremental cost effectiveness ratio were calculated. On the basis of the search results, 10 major recommendations for the management of AS were constructed. The strength of recommendation was assessed based on the strength of the literature evidence, risk-benefit trade-off, and clinical expertise. RESULTS The final recommendations considered the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (conventional NSAIDs, coxibs, and co-prescription of gastroprotective agents), disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, treatments with biological agents, simple analgesics, local and systemic steroids, non-pharmacological treatment (including education, exercise, and physiotherapy), and surgical interventions. Three general recommendations were also included. Research evidence (categories I-IV) supported 11 interventions in the treatment of AS. Strength of recommendation varied, depending on the category of evidence and expert opinion. CONCLUSION Ten key recommendations for the treatment of AS were developed and assessed using a combination of research based evidence and expert consensus. Regular updating will be carried out to keep abreast of new developments in the management of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zochling
- Rheumazentrum-Ruhrgebiet, St Josefs-Krankenhaus, Landgrafenstr 15, 44652 Herne, Germany
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McElroy K, Lee J, Slezak JA, Lee DH, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JC. Atomic-Scale Sources and Mechanism of Nanoscale Electronic Disorder in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+. Science 2005; 309:1048-52. [PMID: 16099978 DOI: 10.1126/science.1113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The randomness of dopant atom distributions in cuprate high-critical temperature superconductors has long been suspected to cause nanoscale electronic disorder. In the superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, we identified populations of atomic-scale impurity states whose spatial densities follow closely those of the oxygen dopant atoms. We found that the impurity-state locations are strongly correlated with all manifestations of the nanoscale electronic disorder. This disorder occurs via an unanticipated mechanism exhibiting high-energy spectral weight shifts, with associated strong superconducting coherence peak suppression but very weak scattering of low-energy quasi-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McElroy
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Merkel P, Lo GH, Holbrook JT, Tibbs AK, Allen NB, Davis JC, Hoffman GS, McCune WJ, St Clair EW, Specks U, Spiera R, Petri M, Stone JH. Thromboembolism—Another Threat to the Polymorbid Patient with Vasculitis? J Am Soc Nephrol 2005. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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McElroy K, Lee DH, Hoffman JE, Lang KM, Lee J, Hudson EW, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JC. Coincidence of checkerboard charge order and antinodal state decoherence in strongly underdoped superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + delta). Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:197005. [PMID: 16090202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.197005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The doping dependence of nanoscale electronic structure in superconducting Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. At all dopings, the low energy density-of-states modulations are analyzed according to a simple model of quasiparticle interference and found to be consistent with Fermi-arc superconductivity. The superconducting coherence peaks, ubiquitous in near-optimal tunneling spectra, are destroyed with strong underdoping and a new spectral type appears. Exclusively in regions exhibiting this new spectrum, we find local "checkerboard" charge ordering of high energy states, with a wave vector of Q = (+/- 2pi/4.5a(0),0); (0, +/- 2pi/4.5a(0)) +/- 15%. Surprisingly, this spatial ordering of high energy states coexists harmoniously with the low energy Bogoliubov quasiparticle states.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McElroy
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems triggered by the production of autoantibodies. Previous clinical studies in humans and murine models suggest that type I interferons (IFNs) are important for the initiation and potentiation of SLE activity. METHODS 65 consecutive patients with SLE were identified from the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Clinic with moderate-severe disease activity. 94 serological samples were collected. Type I IFN levels and the ability of plasma to induce expression of several surface markers of dendritic cell maturation were measured. RESULTS Type I IFN levels correlated with the presence of cutaneous manifestations, and there was a trend towards correlation with renal disease. No correlation was found between type I IFN levels and neurological disease. Type I IFN levels correlated positively with the SLEDAI score and anti-dsDNA levels and inversely with C3 levels. Interestingly, type I IFN levels were highest in African American patients. SLE plasma also induced the expression of MHC class I, CD38, and CD123 on monocytes, and was blocked by the addition of a monoclonal antibody to IFNAR1. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic role of type I IFN is suggested by the induction of cell surface markers for dendritic cell maturation. The potential therapeutic utility of antibodies directed to either type I IFN or IFNAR1/IFNAR2 may be of interest in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dall'era
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Davis JC, van der Heijde DM, Braun J, Dougados M, Cush J, Clegg D, Inman RD, Kivitz A, Zhou L, Solinger A, Tsuji W. Sustained durability and tolerability of etanercept in ankylosing spondylitis for 96 weeks. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1557-62. [PMID: 15843448 PMCID: PMC1755272 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.035105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the continued safety and durability of clinical response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis receiving etanercept. METHODS 277 patients who had participated in a previous randomised, double blind, placebo controlled 24 week trial were eligible to continue in this open label extension study. All patients who enrolled in the open label extension (n = 257) received subcutaneous etanercept 25 mg twice weekly for up to 72 weeks, for a combined 96 weeks of cumulative trial and open label experience. For the patients who had received etanercept for 24 weeks in the double blind trial, this represented almost 2 years of continuous etanercept treatment. RESULTS Patients continuing etanercept treatment had a sustained response for almost 2 years, with 74% achieving an ASsessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS 20) response after 96 weeks of etanercept treatment. Patients who had received placebo in the preceding double blind trial had similar responses, with 70% of patients attaining an ASAS 20 response after 24 weeks of etanercept treatment and 78% achieving an ASAS 20 response after 72 weeks. Improved spinal mobility was seen in both groups. Etanercept was well tolerated in patients treated for up to 96 weeks. CONCLUSION The subcutaneous administration of twice weekly doses of etanercept provided sustained durability of response in the improvement of signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis for nearly 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davis
- University of California, San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave Rm U 383 Box 0633, San Francisco, California, USA.
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