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Odero JI, Abong'o B, Moshi V, Ekodir S, Harvey SA, Ochomo E, Gimnig JE, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Oria PA, Monroe A. Early morning anopheline mosquito biting, a potential driver of malaria transmission in Busia County, western Kenya. Malar J 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 38438933 PMCID: PMC10910777 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) contributed significantly to the decline in malaria since 2000. Their protective efficacy depends not only on access, use, and net integrity, but also location of people within the home environment and mosquito biting profiles. Anopheline mosquito biting and human location data were integrated to identify potential gaps in protection and better understand malaria transmission dynamics in Busia County, western Kenya. METHODS Direct observation of human activities and human landing catches (HLC) were performed hourly between 1700 to 0700 h. Household members were recorded as home or away; and, if at home, as indoors/outdoors, awake/asleep, and under a net or not. Aggregated data was analysed by weighting hourly anopheline biting activity with human location. Standard indicators of human-vector interaction were calculated using a Microsoft Excel template. RESULTS There was no significant difference between indoor and outdoor biting for Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (RR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.65-1.03); significantly fewer Anopheles funestus were captured outdoors than indoors (RR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.25-0.66). Biting peaked before dawn and extended into early morning hours when people began to awake and perform routine activities, between 0400-0700 h for An. gambiae and 0300-0700 h for An. funestus. The study population away from home peaked at 1700-1800 h (58%), gradually decreased and remained constant at 10% throughout the night, before rising again to 40% by 0600-0700 h. When accounting for resident location, nearly all bites within the peri-domestic space (defined as inside household structures and surrounding outdoor spaces) occurred indoors for unprotected people (98%). Using an ITN while sleeping was estimated to prevent 79% and 82% of bites for An. gambiae and An. funestus, respectively. For an ITN user, most remaining exposure to bites occurred indoors in the hours before bed and early morning. CONCLUSION While use of an ITN was estimated to prevent most vector bites in this context, results suggest gaps in protection, particularly in the early hours of the morning when biting peaks and many people are awake and active. Assessment of additional human exposure points, including outside of the peri-domestic setting, are needed to guide supplementary interventions for transmission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius I Odero
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Bernard Abong'o
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Vincent Moshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sheila Ekodir
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Steven A Harvey
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John E Gimnig
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Prisca A Oria
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - April Monroe
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Syahrani L, Asih PBS, Bowolaksono A, Dwiranti A, Zubaidah S, Rozi IE, Permana DH, Bøgh C, Bangs MJ, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Lobo NF, Syafruddin D. Impact of a spatial repellent intervention on Anopheles kdr insecticide resistance allele in Sumba, Indonesia. Malar J 2024; 23:31. [PMID: 38254131 PMCID: PMC10802001 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of insecticide resistance and outdoor transmission in malaria-endemic areas underlines the urgent need to develop innovative tools, such as spatial repellents (SR), that may circumvent this residual transmission. With limited options for effective insecticides, regular resistance monitoring is warranted for selecting and using appropriate tools. This study evaluates the pyrethroid knockdown resistance (kdr) allele before and after implementing a transfluthrin-based spatial repellent (SR) intervention in placebo-treated clusters. METHODS This study looks at the frequency distribution of the kdr allele in Sumba Island from June 2015 to August 2018. Insecticide susceptibility tests were carried out on female Anopheles sp. aged 3-5 days against permethrin 21.5 μg/ml, deltamethrin 12.5 μg/ml, and transfluthrin 10 μg/ml using CDC bottle assay. PCR sequencing of representative samples from adult mosquito collections and insecticide tests revealed the presence of kdr mutations (L1014F and L1014S) in the VGSC gene. RESULTS A total of 12 Anopheles species, Anopheles tesselatus, Anopheles. aconitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles flavirostris, Anopheles balabacensis, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles subpictus, and Anopheles vagus were analysed. Anopheles vagus and An. sundaicus predominated in the larval populations. Susceptibility assays for all insecticides identified fully susceptible phenotypes in all species examined. Anopheles increasing frequency of kdr mutant alleles during the 3 year SR deployment was observed in both SR-treated and placebo areas, a statistically significant increase occurred in each arm. However, it is unclear how significant SR is in causing the increase in mutant alleles. The L1014S, knockdown resistance east type (kdr-e) allele was detected for the first time among the mosquito samples in this study. The L1014F, knockdown resistance west type (kdr-w) allele and heteroduplex form (wild-type-mutant) were found in almost all Anopheles species examined, including An. vagus, An. aconitus, An. subpictus, An. tesselatus, An. annularis, An. flavirostris and An. sundaicus. CONCLUSION The presence of fully susceptible phenotypes over time, along with an increase in the frequency distribution of the L1014F/S mutations post-intervention, suggest drivers of resistance external to the study, including pyrethroid use in agriculture and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this does not negate possible SR impacts that support resistance. More studies that enable the comprehension of possible SR-based drivers of resistance in mosquitoes need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepa Syahrani
- Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Puji B S Asih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Astari Dwiranti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ismail E Rozi
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dendi H Permana
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Sumba, Indonesia
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Mimika, Indonesia
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center (HUMRC), Makassar, Indonesia
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N'Guessan R, Assi SB, Koffi A, Ahoua Alou PL, Mian A, Achee NL, Fustec B, Grieco JP, Liu F, Kumar S, Noffsinger M, Hudson A, Möhlmann TWR, Farenhorst M. EaveTubes for control of vector-borne diseases in Côte d'Ivoire: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:704. [PMID: 37919815 PMCID: PMC10621221 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector control tools, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), have significantly contributed to malaria prevention efforts in sub-Saharan Africa. However, insecticide resistance has seriously hampered their efficacy in recent years and new tools are essential to further progress. In2Care® EaveTubes (ETs) are an inexpensive, new resistance-breaking vector control product under World Health Organization (WHO) evaluation informed by mosquito ecology to efficiently target malaria vectors. By installing ETs in the walls of the house at the eave level that funnel the natural airflow, mosquitoes are drawn in by the same heat and odor cues that typically attract them through open eaves. Once inside an ET, mosquitoes are exposed to insecticide-treated netting placed inside the ET. The aim of this study is to test whether ETs as stand-alone tool have an effect on the epidemiology of malaria in villages where houses have been modified with the ET intervention. METHODS A two-armed, cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effect of ETs on clinical malaria incidence in children living in Côte d'Ivoire. Thirty-four villages will be selected based on population size and the proportion of houses suitable for modification with ETs (17 treatment arms (ETs + LLINs, 17 control arms (LLINs only)). Based on the population census, 55 households per cluster with eligible children (i.e., between the ages of 6 months to 8 years old at the start of the study) will be randomly selected for recruitment into the active detection cohorts. In the treatment arm, we will enroll eligible children who reside in ET-treated houses. The intervention and control cohorts will be followed for 4 months for baseline covariate measurements and 24 months with intervention. During case detection visits, blood samples will be taken from all febrile children and tested for malaria infection with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). All positive clinical malaria infections will be treated. To estimate the impact of the ET on malaria vector densities, entomological measurements (indoor sampling with CDC traps) will be conducted monthly in 20 clusters (10 ET, 10 Control) in 10 randomly selected households per cluster. To estimate the infectiousness of malaria vectors, sporozoite rates will be measured in subsets of the collected mosquito samples. DISCUSSION Findings will serve as an efficacy trial of ETs and will be submitted to the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group (VCAG) for assessment of public health value. Entomological outcomes will also be measured as proxies of malaria transmission to help develop guidelines for the evaluation of future In2Care® ETs products. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05736679. Registered on 10 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael N'Guessan
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre/Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Serge-Brice Assi
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre/Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alphonsine Koffi
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre/Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Anatole Mian
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre/Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | | | - Fang Liu
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Hawley WA, Laihad FJ, Ochomo E, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Armistead JS, Nahlen BL. What constitutes high-quality evidence for malaria vector control? Lancet 2023; 402:773-774. [PMID: 37659775 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William A Hawley
- Association of Indonesian Health Authorities, Jakarta 12510, Indonesia.
| | | | - Eric Ochomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Bernard L Nahlen
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Ergunay K, Dincer E, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Nelson SP, Liao HM, Timurkan MO, Oguz B, Sahindokuyucu I, Gokcecik OF, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Jiang L, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Linton YM. Impact of nanopore-based metagenome sequencing on tick-borne virus detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177651. [PMID: 37323891 PMCID: PMC10267750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated metagenomic nanopore sequencing (NS) in field-collected ticks and compared findings from amplification-based assays. Methods Forty tick pools collected in Anatolia, Turkey and screened by broad-range or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were subjected to NS using a standard, cDNA-based metagenome approach. Results Eleven viruses from seven genera/species were identified. Miviruses Bole tick virus 3 and Xinjiang mivirus 1 were detected in 82.5 and 2.5% of the pools, respectively. Tick phleboviruses were present in 60% of the pools, with four distinct viral variants. JMTV was identified in 60% of the pools, where only 22.5% were PCR-positive. CCHFV sequences characterized as Aigai virus were detected in 50%, where only 15% were detected by PCR. NS produced a statistically significant increase in detection of these viruses. No correlation of total virus, specific virus, or targeted segment read counts was observed between PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples. NS further enabled the initial description of Quaranjavirus sequences in ticks, where human and avian pathogenicity of particular isolates had been previously documented. Discussion NS was observed to surpass broad-range and nested amplification in detection and to generate sufficient genome-wide data for investigating virus diversity. It can be employed for monitoring pathogens in tick vectors or human/animal clinical samples in hot-spot regions for examining zoonotic spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ender Dincer
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suppaluck P. Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Oguz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Gokcecik
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Le Jiang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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Sirisopa P, Sukkanon C, Bangs MJ, Nakasathien S, Hii J, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Correction: Scientific achievements and reflections after 20 years of vector biology and control research at the Pu Teuy mosquito field research station, Thailand. Malar J 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 36691002 PMCID: PMC9872285 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharawan Sirisopa
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Sutkhet Nakasathien
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Jeffrey Hii
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, North Queensland, QLD 4810 Australia
| | - John P. Grieco
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- grid.463853.f0000 0004 0384 4663HSM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IMT, Montpellier, France
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Tissera H, Dheerasinghe DSAF, Malavige N, de Silva HA, Morrison AC, Scott TW, Reiner RC, Grieco JP, Achee NL. A cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a spatial repellent (Mosquito Shield™) against Aedes-borne virus infection among children ≥ 4-16 years of age in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka: study protocol (the AEGIS program). Trials 2023; 24:9. [PMID: 36600308 PMCID: PMC9811041 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial repellents (SRs) have been widely used for prevention of mosquito bites, but their efficacy in reducing Aedes-borne viruses (ABV) has not been tested rigorously at large scale in Asia. To address this knowledge gap, a trial to evaluate the efficacy of Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin SR, was developed in Gampaha District of Sri Lanka across three Medical Officer of Health areas; i.e., Negombo, Wattala, and Kelaniya. METHODS This trial is a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. A total of ~14,430 subjects aged ≥ 6 months in 30 clusters (15 intervention, 15 placebo) from ~3900 households (HH) will be randomly selected for enrolment into a "febrile surveillance cohort." A subset of the surveillance cohort, ~3570 subjects aged ≥4-16 years that test seronegative (naïve) or are serologically positive for a previous single dengue virus (DENV) infection (monotypic) at baseline sampling, will be enrolled into a "longitudinal cohort" for measuring DENV infection based on laboratory-confirmed seroconversion during the trial. Persons identified positive for antibodies against multiple DENV serotypes (multitypic) at baseline will be monitored for secondary analyses. Active ABV disease will be assessed using an enhanced passive surveillance system with case ascertainment performed in designated healthcare facilities. Serum samples will be taken from longitudinal cohort subjects within 1-2 weeks of when intervention is first deployed (T0) with additional samples taken ~12 (T1) and ~24 months (T2) from baseline sampling. DENV seroconversion and ABV active disease rates from baseline (pre-intervention) and follow-up (post-intervention) samples will be compared between intervention and placebo clusters. Participating houses will be monitored entomologically (indoor adult Aedes aegypti population densities and adult female blood fed status) within 3 months before intervention deployment and monthly during the intervention phase. Entomological surveys will monitor indoor adult Ae. aegypti population densities and blood fed status. Dengue incidence in each cohort will be estimated and compared to determine the public health benefit of using an SR. Entomological parameters will be measured to determine if there are entomological correlates of SR efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new SR products. DISCUSSION The trial will serve as an efficacy assessment of SR products in South Asia. Results will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group for assessment of public health value towards an endorsement to recommend inclusion of SRs in ABV control programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registry SLCTR /2022/018. Registered on July 1, 2022. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT05452447 . Registered on July 11, 2022. The Universal Trial Number is U1111-1275-3055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Tissera
- grid.466905.8Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Neelika Malavige
- grid.267198.30000 0001 1091 4496Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - H. Asita de Silva
- grid.45202.310000 0000 8631 5388Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - John P. Grieco
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 243 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 243 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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Achee NL, Perkins TA, Moore SM, Liu F, Sagara I, Van Hulle S, Ochomo EO, Gimnig JE, Tissera HA, Harvey SA, Monroe A, Morrison AC, Scott TW, Reiner RC, Grieco JP. Spatial repellents: The current roadmap to global recommendation of spatial repellents for public health use. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2022; 3:100107. [PMID: 36590345 PMCID: PMC9801085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spatial repellent (SR) products are envisioned to complement existing vector control methods through the continual release of volatile active ingredients (AI) providing: (i) protection against day-time and early-evening biting; (ii) protection in enclosed/semi-enclosed and peri-domestic spaces; (iii) various formulations to fit context-specific applications; and (iv) increased coverage over traditional control methods. SR product AIs also have demonstrated effect against insecticide-resistant vectors linked to malaria and Aedes-borne virus (ABV) transmission. Over the past two decades, key stakeholders, including World Health Organization (WHO) representatives, have met to discuss the role of SRs in reducing arthropod-borne diseases based on existing evidence. A key focus has been to establish a critical development path for SRs, including scientific, regulatory and social parameters that would constitute an outline for a SR target product profile, i.e. optimum product characteristics. The principal gap is the lack of epidemiological data demonstrating SR public health impact across a range of different ecological and epidemiological settings, to inform a WHO policy recommendation. Here we describe in brief trials that are designed to fulfill evidence needs for WHO assessment and initial projections of SR cost-effectiveness against malaria and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sean M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Eric O. Ochomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John E. Gimnig
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Harvey
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - April Monroe
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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9
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Rozi IE, Syahrani L, Permana DH, Asih PBS, Hidayati APN, Kosasih S, Dewayanti FK, Risandi R, Zubaidah S, Bangs MJ, Bøgh C, Grieco JP, Baus JE, Eugenio E, Monroe A, Liu F, Achee NL, Syafruddin D, Lobo NF. Human behavior determinants of exposure to Anopheles vectors of malaria in Sumba, Indonesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276783. [PMID: 36374859 PMCID: PMC9662732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria vector control interventions in Sumba, Indonesia, have not been able to eliminate malaria. Human drivers of exposure to Anopheles bites were investigated as part of a larger clinical trial evaluating the impact of a spatial repellent product on malaria incidence. Human behavioral observations (HBOs) evaluating temporal and spatial presence, sleeping behaviors, and insecticide treated net (ITN) use, were collected parallel to entomological collections-indoor and outdoor human landing catches (HLCs), and house hold surveys. Data demonstrates that mosquito access to humans, enabled by structurally open houses, is evident by the similar entomological landing rates both inside and outside households. The presence of animals inside houses was associated with increased mosquito entry-however, the number of humans present inside houses was not related to increased mosquito landing. Analyzing mosquito landing rates with human behavior data enables the spatial and temporal estimation of exposure to Anopheles bites, accounting for intervention (ITN) presence and usage. Human behavior adjusted exposure to Anopheles bites was found to be highest in the early in the evening, but continued at lower levels throughout the night. Over the night, most exposure (53%) occurred when people were indoors and not under the protection of nets (asleep or awake) followed by exposure outside (44%). Characterized gaps in protection are outdoor exposure as well as exposure indoors-when awake, and when asleep and not using ITNs. Interestingly, in the primary trial, even though there was not a significant impact of the spatial repellent on vector biting rates by themselves (16%), when factoring in human behavior, there was approximately 28% less exposure in the intervention arm than in the placebo arm. The treated arm had less human behavior adjusted bites in all spaces evaluated though there was proportionally higher exposure indoors. This analysis points to the importance of using HBOs both towards understanding gaps in protection as well as how interventions are evaluated. To mitigate ongoing transmission, understanding context specific spatial and temporal exposure based on the interactions of vectors, humans and interventions would be vital for a directed evidence-based control or elimination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail E. Rozi
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dendi H. Permana
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puji B. S. Asih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggi P. N. Hidayati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sully Kosasih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farahana K. Dewayanti
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rifqi Risandi
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Bali, Indonesia
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Juan E. Baus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Evercita Eugenio
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - April Monroe
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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10
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Polsomboon Nelson S, Bourke BP, Badr R, Tarpey J, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Leiva D, Pott M, Cruz A, Chao CC, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Jiang L, Jiang J, Farris CM, Linton YM. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Associated Pathoge Collected From Domestic Animals and Vegetation in Stann Creek District, Southeastern Belize, Central America. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1749-1755. [PMID: 35904108 PMCID: PMC9473654 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Data on the prevalence and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Belize are lacking. Ticks (n = 564) collected from dogs, horses, and vegetation in two villages in Stann Creek District in southeastern Belize in 2018, were molecularly identified and screened for tick-borne nonviral human pathogens. The identity of 417 ticks was molecularly confirmed by DNA barcoding as Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (66.43%), Amblyomma ovale Koch (15.59%), Dermacentor nitens Neumann (11.51%), Amblyomma sp. ADB0528 (3.6%), and the remainder being small records (2.87%) of Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, Amblyomma imitator Kohls, Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, Amblyomma auricularium Conil, and Amblyomma maculatum Koch. Individual tick extracts were screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Babesia microti, Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp. using available conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest was identified in five specimens of A. ovale, and one other unidentified tick, all collected from dogs. Another unidentified tick-also collected from a dog-tested positive for an undefined but previously detected Ehrlichia sp. With the exception of D. nitens, all eight other tick species identified in this study were collected on dogs, suggesting that dogs could be usefully employed as sentinel animals for tick surveillance in Belize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppaluck Polsomboon Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, uitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Donovan Leiva
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Marie Pott
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Chien-Chung Chao
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Le Jiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ju Jiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Farris
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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11
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Permana DH, Zubaidah S, Syahrani L, Asih PBS, Syafruddin D, Rozi IE, Hidayati APN, Kosasih S, Dewayanti FK, Rachmawati N, Risandi R, Bangs MJ, Bøgh C, Davidson JR, Hendershot AL, Burton TA, Grieco JP, Eugenio EC, Liu F, Achee NL, Lobo NF. Impact of a spatial repellent product on Anopheles and non-Anopheles mosquitoes in Sumba, Indonesia. Malar J 2022; 21:166. [PMID: 35659231 PMCID: PMC9166507 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, contributed to 5% of malaria cases nationally in 2020, with other mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue and filariasis also being endemic. Monitoring of spatial and temporal vector species compositions and bionomic traits is an efficient method for generating evidence towards intervention strategy optimization and meeting disease elimination goals. METHODS The impact of a spatial repellent (SR) on human biting mosquitoes was evaluated as part of a parent cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. A 10-month (June 2015-March 2016) baseline study was followed by a 24-month intervention period (April 2016 to April 2018)-where half the clusters were randomly assigned either a passive transfluthrin emanator or a placebo control. RESULTS Human-landing mosquito catches documented a reduction in landing rates related to the SR. Overall, there was a 16.4% reduction (21% indoors, and 11.3% outdoors) in human biting rates (HBR) for Anopheles. For Aedes, there was a 44.3% HBR reduction indoors and a 35.6% reduction outdoors. This reduction was 38.3% indoors and 39.1% outdoors for Armigeres, and 36.0% indoors and 32.3% outdoors for Culex species. Intervention impacts on the HBRs were not significant and are attributed to large inter-household and inter cluster variation. Anopheles flavirostris, Anopheles balabacensis and Anopheles maculatus individually impacted the overall malaria infections hazard rate with statistically significance. Though there was SR-based protection against malaria for all Anopheles species (except Anopheles sundaicus), only five (Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles kochi, Anopheles tessellatus, An. maculatus and An. sundaicus) demonstrated statistical significance. The SR numerically reduced Anopheles parity rates indoors and outdoors when compared to the placebo. CONCLUSION Evidence demonstrating that Anopheles vectors bite both indoors and outdoors indicates that currently implemented indoor-based vector control tools may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria. The documented impact of the SR intervention on Aedes, Armigeres and Culex species points to its importance in combatting other vector borne diseases. Studies to determine the impact of spatial repellents on other mosquito-borne diseases is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dendi H. Permana
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Puji B. S. Asih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ismail E. Rozi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Anggi P. N. Hidayati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Sully Kosasih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Farahana K. Dewayanti
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Nia Rachmawati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Rifqi Risandi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta Pusat, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Jenna R. Davidson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Allison L. Hendershot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Timothy A. Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
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12
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Magalhães NMG, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Espindola LS. Evaluation of the High-Throughput Screening System for Assessing the Behavioral Response of Female Aedes aegypti to Natural Products. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2022; 38:99-103. [PMID: 35588180 DOI: 10.2987/21-7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As part of an arbovirus vector control strategy, chemical control continues to be a mainstay in mitigating the burden of disease. The current arsenal of chemicals used for this purpose, however, are becoming challenged rapidly because of issues of insecticide resistance and environmental pressure. Newer, environmentally friendly actives are of interest to supplement aging chemistries; therefore efforts to screen compounds for insecticidal activity are warranted. This study evaluated the efficacy of the high-throughput screening system (HITSS) for measuring the behavior-modifying actions of Brazilian Cerrado plant extracts, oils, and other compounds against Aedes aegypti. Different concentrations were evaluated, with 8 of 34 samples tested demonstrating either contact irritancy, spatial repellency, or attractiveness. We concluded several natural products screened in this study showed promise for use against mosquito vectors like Ae. aegypti, and that the compact modular HITSS assay constitutes a robust tool for measuring the behavioral responses of mosquitoes in the search for novel insecticides derived from natural products.
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13
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Ochomo EO, Gimnig JE, Bhattarai A, Samuels AM, Kariuki S, Okello G, Abong'o B, Ouma EA, Kosgei J, Munga S, Njagi K, Odongo W, Liu F, Grieco JP, Achee NL. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a spatial repellent to reduce malaria incidence in children in western Kenya compared to placebo: study protocol for a cluster-randomized double-blinded control trial (the AEGIS program). Trials 2022; 23:260. [PMID: 35382858 PMCID: PMC8980512 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial repellents are widely used for prevention of mosquito bites and evidence is building on their public health value, but their efficacy against malaria incidence has never been evaluated in Africa. To address this knowledge gap, a trial to evaluate the efficacy of Mosquito Shield™, a spatial repellent incorporating transfluthrin, was developed for implementation in Busia County, western Kenya where long-lasting insecticidal net coverage is high and baseline malaria transmission is moderate to high year-round. Methods This trial is designed as a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Sixty clusters will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive spatial repellent or placebo. A total of 6120 children aged ≥6 months to 10 years of age will be randomly selected from the study clusters, enrolled into an active cohort (baseline, cohort 1, and cohort 2), and sampled monthly to determine time to first infection by smear microscopy. Each cohort following the implementation of the intervention will be split into two groups, one to estimate direct effect of the spatial repellent and the other to estimate degree of diversion of mosquitoes and malaria transmission to unprotected persons. Malaria incidence in each cohort will be estimated and compared (primary indicator) to determine benefit of using a spatial repellent in a high, year-round malaria transmission setting. Mosquitoes will be collected monthly using CDC light traps to determine if there are entomological correlates of spatial repellent efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new spatial repellents. Quarterly human landing catches will assess behavioral effects of the intervention. Discussion Findings will serve as the first cluster-randomized controlled trial powered to detect spatial repellent efficacy to reduce malaria in sub-Saharan Africa where transmission rates are high, insecticide-treated nets are widely deployed, and mosquitoes are resistant to insecticides. Results will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group for assessment of public health value towards an endorsement to recommend inclusion of spatial repellents in malaria control programs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04766879. Registered February 23, 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06196-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Ochomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John E Gimnig
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Achuyt Bhattarai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron M Samuels
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - George Okello
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bernard Abong'o
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eunice A Ouma
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jackline Kosgei
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Stephen Munga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kiambo Njagi
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wycliffe Odongo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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14
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Van Hulle S, Sagara I, Mbodji M, Nana GI, Coulibaly M, Dicko A, Kone M, Thera I, Sylla D, Traore MD, Liu F, Grieco JP, Achee NL. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a spatial repellent to reduce malaria incidence in children in Mali compared to placebo: study protocol for a cluster-randomized double-blinded control trial (the AEGIS program). Trials 2022; 23:259. [PMID: 35382856 PMCID: PMC8980511 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial repellents have been widely used for the prevention of mosquito bites but their efficacy in reducing mosquito-borne diseases has never been evaluated in Africa. Additionally, spatial repellents have the potential of being critical tools in the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in contexts where typical vectors control efforts such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) are inaccessible or underutilized such as among displaced populations or in emergency relief settings. To address this knowledge gap, Kolondieba District, Sikasso Region, Mali was selected as a site to estimate the impact of the Mosquito Shield™, a spatial repellent that incorporates transfluthrin on a plastic sheet, on malaria-related outcomes. Over the past decade, the Region of Sikasso, Health districts of Kadiolo, Yorosso, and Kolondieba have remained among the most afflicted, characterized by an annual parasite incidence of more than 116 cases per 1000 population [1] and a Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate of 29.7% [2]. Methods Cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, whereby children ≥ 6 months to < 10 years old will be enrolled and followed to determine the time to malaria infection with monthly blood samples for microscopic diagnosis. A total of 1920 subjects (HHs) will be enrolled in 60 clusters (30 spatial repellent, 30 placebo). Malaria incidence will be estimated and compared to demonstrate and quantify the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent, in reducing malaria infection. Monthly mosquito collections using CDC light traps will be conducted to determine if there are entomological correlates of spatial repellent efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new spatial repellents. Quarterly human landing catches (HLC) will assess the behavioral effects of the intervention. Discussion Findings will serve as an efficacy trial of spatial repellent products for sub-Saharan Africa. Findings will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group (WHO VCAG) for assessment of whether spatial repellents have “public health value.” Entomological outcomes will also be measured as proxies of malaria transmission to help develop guidelines for the evaluation of future spatial repellent products. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04795648. Registered on March 12, 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06197-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Mamadou Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamady Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ismaila Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Daman Sylla
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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15
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Syahrani L, Permana DH, Syafruddin D, Zubaidah S, Asih PBS, Rozi IE, Hidayati APN, Kosasih S, Dewayanti FK, Rachmawati N, Risandi R, Bangs MJ, Bøgh C, Davidson J, Hendershot A, Burton T, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Lobo NF. An inventory of human night-biting mosquitoes and their bionomics in Sumba, Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010316. [PMID: 35312689 PMCID: PMC8970493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors that transmit pathogens to human and other vertebrates. Each mosquito species has specific ecological requirements and bionomic traits that impact human exposure to mosquito bites, and hence disease transmission and vector control. A study of human biting mosquitoes and their bionomic characteristics was conducted in West Sumba and Southwest Sumba Districts, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia from May 2015 to April 2018. Biweekly human landing catches (HLC) of night biting mosquitoes both indoors and outdoors caught a total of 73,507 mosquito specimens (59.7% non-Anopheles, 40.3% Anopheles). A minimum of 22 Culicinae species belonging to four genera (Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, Mansonia), and 13 Anophelinae species were identified. Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant Culicinae species, Anopheles aconitus was the principal Anopheles species inland, while An. sundaicus was dominant closer to the coast. The overall human biting rate (HBR) was 10.548 bites per person per night (bpn) indoors and 10.551 bpn outdoors. Mosquitoes biting rates were slightly higher indoors for all genera with the exception of Anopheles, where biting rates were slightly higher outdoors. Diurnal and crepuscular Aedes and Armigeres demonstrated declining biting rates throughout the night while Culex and Anopheles biting rates peaked before midnight and then declined. Both anopheline and non-anopheline populations did not have a significant association with temperature (p = 0.3 and 0.88 respectively), or rainfall (p = 0.13 and 0.57 respectively). The point distribution of HBR and seasonal variables did not have a linear correlation. Data demonstrated similar mosquito–human interactions occurring outdoors and indoors and during early parts of the night implying both indoor and outdoor disease transmission potential in the area–pointing to the need for interventions in both spaces. Integrated vector analysis frameworks may enable better surveillance, monitoring and evaluation strategies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ismail E. Rozi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Sully Kosasih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nia Rachmawati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rifqi Risandi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Jenna Davidson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Allison Hendershot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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16
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Caranci AT, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Hoel DF, Bautista K, King R, Stewart VA, Murphy J, Masuoka P, Olsen CH. Distribution of Triatoma dimidiata sensu lato (Reduviidae: Triatominae) and Risk Factors Associated with Household Invasion in Northern Belize, Central America. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:764-771. [PMID: 35064668 PMCID: PMC8924975 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, Triatoma dimidiata sensu lato [Reduviidae: Triatominae (Latreille 1811)] remains the sole vector species associated with Chagas disease transmission reported from Belize. Human infection data are limited for Belize and the disease transmission dynamics have not been thoroughly investigated, yet the likelihood of autochthonous transmission is supported by the widespread collection of infected vectors from within local households. Here, we report updated infection rates of the vector population and infestation rates for villages in north and central Belize. Overall, 275 households were enrolled in an ongoing vector surveillance program. Of the 41 insects collected, 25 were PCR positive for T. cruzi, indicating an infection rate as high as 60%. To further characterize the epidemiological risk of human-vector contact, determinants of household invasion were modeled. Local households were surveyed and characterized with respect to over 25 key factors that may be associated with household infestation by T. dimidiata s.l. While final models were not strongly predictive with respect to the risk factors that were surveyed, likely due to the low number of collection observations, the presence of domestic/peri-domestic dogs, nearby light sources, and household structure materials could be the focus of continued risk assessments. In northern Belize, this vector survey lends support to T. dimidiata s.l. inhabiting sylvatic settings as opposed to the classical paradigm of domiciliated vector populations. This designation has strong implications for the local level of human exposure risk which can help guide vector surveillance and control resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Caranci
- Northwest MVCD, 1966 Compton Avenue, Corona, CA 92881, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 120 Brown Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 120 Brown Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David F Hoel
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kim Bautista
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize
| | - Russell King
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize
| | - V Ann Stewart
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jittawadee Murphy
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Penny Masuoka
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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17
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Dreyer SM, Morin KJ, Magaña M, Pott M, Leiva D, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Vaughan JA. Oral susceptibility to ivermectin is over fifty times greater in a wild population of Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes from Belize than the STECLA laboratory reference strain of this mosquito. Malar J 2022; 21:72. [PMID: 35246147 PMCID: PMC8896111 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The STECLA strain of Anopheles albimanus has been in continuous colony for many years and is the reference strain on which genomic studies for the species are based. Recently, the STECLA strain was demonstrated to be much less susceptible to ivermectin ingested in a blood meal (4-day LC50 of 1468 ng/ml) than all other Anopheles species tested to-date (LC50 values range from 7 to 56 ng/ml). The ability of An. albimanus to survive ingestion of ivermectin at concentrations far beyond that typically found in the blood of ivermectin-treated people or livestock (i.e., 30–70 ng/ml) could invalidate the use of ivermectin as a malaria vector control strategy in areas where An. albimanus is a primary vector. Methods To investigate this, host-seeking An. albimanus were captured in northern Belize and used in membrane feeding bioassays of ivermectin, employing the same methods as described earlier with the STECLA strain. Results Field-collected An. albimanus in Belize were 55 times more susceptible to ingested ivermectin than were the STECLA reference strain. Oral susceptibility to ivermectin in wild An. albimanus from Belize (4-day LC50 of 26 ng/ml) was equivalent to that of other Anopheles species tested. Conclusions Contrary to initial assessments using a highly inbred strain of mosquito, laboratory studies using a field population indicate that ivermectin treatment of livestock could reduce An. albimanus populations in areas of Central America and the Caribbean where malaria transmission may occur. Toxicity screening of ivermectin and other systemic parasiticides for malaria control should examine wild populations of the vector species being targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marla Magaña
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Marie Pott
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Donovan Leiva
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize.,University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize.,University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
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18
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Sirisopa P, Sukkanon C, Bangs MJ, Nakasathien S, Hii J, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Scientific achievements and reflections after 20 years of vector biology and control research at the Pu Teuy mosquito field research station, Thailand. Malar J 2022; 21:44. [PMID: 35164748 PMCID: PMC8842738 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional vector control tools are needed to supplement current strategies to achieve malaria elimination and control of Aedes-borne diseases in many settings in Thailand and the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Within the next decade, the vector control community, Kasetsart University (KU), and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation must take full advantage of these tools that combine different active ingredients with different modes of action. Pu Teuy Mosquito Field Research Station (MFRS), Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand was established in 2001 and has grown into a leading facility for performing high-quality vector biology and control studies and evaluation of public health insecticides that are operationally relevant. Several onsite mosquito research platforms have been established including experimental huts, a 40-m long semi-field screening enclosure, mosquito insectary, field-laboratory, and living quarters for students and researchers. Field research and assessments ranged from 'basic' investigations on mosquito biology, taxonomy and genetics to more 'applied' studies on responses of mosquitoes to insecticides including repellency, behavioural avoidance and toxicity. In the course of two decades, 51 peer-reviewed articles have been published, and 7 masters and 16 doctoral degrees in Entomology have been awarded to national and international students. Continued support of key national stakeholders will sustain MFRS as a Greater Mekong Subregion centre of excellence and a resource for both insecticide trials and entomological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharawan Sirisopa
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Sutkhet Nakasathien
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Jeffrey Hii
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, North Queensland, QLD 4810 Australia
| | - John P. Grieco
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- grid.463853.f0000 0004 0384 4663HSM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IMT, Montpellier, France
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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19
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Magalhaes NMG, Sousa JPB, Demarque DP, Salvador CEDM, Albernaz LC, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Espindola LS. Combining chemometric and phytochemical tools to isolate and characterize activity of Vismia gracilis compounds against Aedes aegypti. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2620-2624. [PMID: 33858269 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1912747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vismia gracilis extracts were tested against Aedes aegypti to assess mortality and behavioural effects. The leaf hexanic extract (L-Hex) presented increased larvicidal activity with exposure period: LC50 46.48 µg/mL (24 h) and LC50 20.57 µg/mL (48 h). Eight compounds were annotated/isolated from the L-Hex active extract, 4 benzophenones and 4 anthraquinones. Considering chemometric findings, the benzophenone moiety, tested as the commercial benzophenone, promoted larval mortality (LC50 16.35 µg/mL). Both the L-Hex extract and benzophenone induced intestinal damage in larvae. Benzophenone also promoted toxicity and behavioural effects in female adults. These findings highlighted the potential use of this class of compounds for developing vector-control products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorena C Albernaz
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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20
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Staunton KM, Leiva D, Cruz A, Goi J, Arisqueta C, Liu J, Desnoyer M, Howell P, Espinosa F, Mendoza AC, Karl S, Crawford JE, Xiang W, Manrique-Saide P, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Ritchie SA, Burkot TR, Snoad N. Outcomes from international field trials with Male Aedes Sound Traps: Frequency-dependent effectiveness in capturing target species in relation to bycatch abundance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009061. [PMID: 33630829 PMCID: PMC7906331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus vector dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. With both species expanding their global distributions at alarming rates, developing effective surveillance equipment is a continuing priority for public health researchers. Sound traps have been shown, in limited testing, to be highly species-specific when emitting a frequency corresponding to a female mosquito wingbeat. Determining male mosquito capture rates in sound traps based on lure frequencies in endemic settings is the next step for informed deployment of these surveillance tools. We field-evaluated Male Aedes Sound Traps (MASTs) set to either 450 Hz, 500 Hz, 550 Hz or 600 Hz for sampling Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus and compared catch rates to BG-Sentinel traps within Pacific (Madang, Papua New Guinea) and Latin American (Molas, Mexico and Orange Walk Town, Belize) locations. MASTs set to 450-550 Hz consistently caught male Ae. aegypti at rates comparable to BG-Sentinel traps in all locations. A peak in male Ae. albopictus captures in MASTs set at 550 Hz was observed, with the lowest mean abundance recorded in MASTs set to 450 Hz. While significantly higher abundances of male Culex were sampled in MASTs emitting lower relative frequencies in Molas, overall male Culex were captured in significantly lower abundances in the MASTs, relative to BG-Sentinel traps within all locations. Finally, significant differences in rates at which male Aedes and Culex were positively detected in trap-types per weekly collections were broadly consistent with trends in abundance data per trap-type. MASTs at 550 Hz effectively captured both male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus while greatly reducing bycatch, especially male Culex, in locations where dengue transmission has occurred. This high species-specificity of the MAST not only reduces staff-time required to sort samples, but can also be exploited to develop an accurate smart-trap system-both outcomes potentially reducing public health program expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyran M. Staunton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Donovan Leiva
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Belize, Central America
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Belize, Central America
| | - Joelyn Goi
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Carlos Arisqueta
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE) and the Laboratory of Biological Control for Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, México
| | - Jianyi Liu
- Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Desnoyer
- Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Howell
- Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Francia Espinosa
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE) and the Laboratory of Biological Control for Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, México
| | - Azael Che Mendoza
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE) and the Laboratory of Biological Control for Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, México
| | - Stephan Karl
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jacob E. Crawford
- Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE) and the Laboratory of Biological Control for Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, México
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Thomas R. Burkot
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Nigel Snoad
- Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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21
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ten Bosch QA, Wagman JM, Castro-Llanos F, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Perkins TA. Community-level impacts of spatial repellents for control of diseases vectored by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008190. [PMID: 32976489 PMCID: PMC7541056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial repellents (SRs) reduce human-mosquito contact by preventing mosquito entrance into human-occupied spaces and interfering with host-seeking and blood-feeding. A new model to synthesize experimental data on the effects of transfluthrin on Aedes aegypti explores how SR effects interact to impact the epidemiology of diseases vectored by these mosquitoes. Our results indicate that the greatest impact on force of infection is expected to derive from the chemical’s lethal effect but delayed biting and the negative effect this may have on the mosquito population could elicit substantial impact in the absence of lethality. The relative contributions of these effects depend on coverage, chemical dose, and housing density. We also demonstrate that, through an increase in the number of potentially infectious mosquito bites, increased partial blood-feeding and reduced exiting may elicit adverse impacts, which could offset gains achieved by other effects. Our analysis demonstrates how small-scale experimental data can be leveraged to derive expectations of epidemiological impact of SRs deployed at larger scales. Mosquito control strategies that reduce bites to humans through multiple, non-lethal modes of action may be important in controlling mosquito-borne diseases where insecticidal strategies are ineffective. Assessing how effective such tools are in reducing infections is not clear-cut due to the multiple ways these products affect mosquitoes’ behavior and life cycle. We introduce a paired experimental and mathematical framework to analyze and combine data from experiments on the several effects of a transfluthrin formulation and assess its public health impact. We show that, while product-induced lethality accounts for the majority of the product’s impact, delayed blood feeding can, through its negative impact on mosquito population sizes, elicit its own substantial impact. Adverse effects of increased partial blood-feeding and reduced exiting could offset gains achieved by other effects such delayed blood feeding and lethality. Our model offers a way of synthesizing the results of feasible experiments at small scales to assess public health impact at large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirine A. ten Bosch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QAtB); (TAP)
| | - Joseph M. Wagman
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QAtB); (TAP)
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22
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Syafruddin D, Asih PBS, Rozi IE, Permana DH, Nur Hidayati AP, Syahrani L, Zubaidah S, Sidik D, Bangs MJ, Bøgh C, Liu F, Eugenio EC, Hendrickson J, Burton T, Baird JK, Collins F, Grieco JP, Lobo NF, Achee NL. Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent for Control of Malaria in Indonesia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:344-358. [PMID: 32431275 PMCID: PMC7356406 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent (SR) against malaria infection in Sumba, Indonesia. Following radical cure in 1,341 children aged ≥ 6 months to ≤ 5 years in 24 clusters, households were given transfluthrin or placebo passive emanators (devices designed to release vaporized chemical). Monthly blood screening and biweekly human-landing mosquito catches were performed during a 10-month baseline (June 2015-March 2016) and a 24-month intervention period (April 2016-April 2018). Screening detected 164 first-time infections and an accumulative total of 459 infections in 667 subjects in placebo-control households, and 134 first-time and 253 accumulative total infections among 665 subjects in active intervention households. The 24-cluster protective effect of 27.7% and 31.3%, for time to first-event and overall (total new) infections, respectively, was not statistically significant. Purportedly, this was due in part to zero to low incidence in some clusters, undermining the ability to detect a protective effect. Subgroup analysis of 19 clusters where at least one infection occurred during baseline showed 33.3% (P-value = 0.083) and 40.9% (P-value = 0.0236, statistically significant at the one-sided 5% significance level) protective effect to first infection and overall infections, respectively. Among 12 moderate- to high-risk clusters, a statistically significant decrease in infection by intervention was detected (60% PE). Primary entomological analysis of impact was inconclusive. Although this study suggests SRs prevent malaria, additional evidence is required to demonstrate the product class provides an operationally feasible and effective means of reducing malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din Syafruddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puji B S Asih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Sidik
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Evercita C Eugenio
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jared Hendrickson
- Center for Computer Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Timothy Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Frank Collins
- Center for Computer Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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Jumbam DT, Stevenson JC, Matoba J, Grieco JP, Ahern LN, Hamainza B, Sikaala CH, Chanda-Kapata P, Cardol EI, Munachoonga P, Achee NL. Knowledge, attitudes and practices assessment of malaria interventions in rural Zambia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32050923 PMCID: PMC7017631 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite rapid upscale of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), malaria remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in Zambia. Uptake and utilization of these and novel interventions are often affected by knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) amongst persons living in malaria-endemic areas. The aims of this study were to assess malaria KAP of primary caregivers and explore trends in relation to ITN use, IRS acceptance and mosquito density in two endemic communities in Luangwa and Nyimba districts, Zambia. METHODS A cohort of 75 primary caregivers were assessed using a cross-sectional, forced-choice malaria KAP survey on ITN use, IRS acceptance and initial perception of a novel spatial repellent (SR) product under investigation. Entomological sampling was performed in participant homes using CDC Miniature Light Traps to relate indoor mosquito density with participant responses. RESULTS Ninety-nine percent of participants cited bites of infected mosquitoes as the route of malaria transmission although other routes were also reported including drinking dirty water (64%) and eating contaminated food (63%). All caregivers agreed that malaria was a life-threatening disease with the majority of caregivers having received malaria information from health centers (86%) and community health workers (51%). Cumulatively, self-reported mosquito net use was 67%. Respondents reportedly liked the SR prototype product but improvements on color, shape and size were suggested. Overall, 398 mosquitoes were captured from light-trap collections, including 49 anophelines and 349 culicines. Insecticide treated nets use was higher in households from which at least one mosquito was captured. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified misconceptions in malaria transmission among primary caregivers indicating remaining knowledge gaps in educational campaigns. Participant responses also indicated a misalignment between a low perception of IRS efficacy and high stated acceptance of IRS, which should be further examined to better understand uptake and sustainability of other vector control strategies. While ITNs were found to be used in study households, misperceptions between presence of mosquitoes and bite protection practices did exist. This study highlights the importance of knowledge attitudes and practice surveys, with integration of entomological sampling, to better guide malaria vector control product development, strategy acceptance and compliance within endemic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond T. Jumbam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Stevenson
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | | | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Lacey N. Ahern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Busiku Hamainza
- National Malaria Control Centre, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Esther I. Cardol
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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24
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Dreyer SM, Leiva D, Magaña M, Pott M, Kay J, Cruz A, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Vaughan JA. Fipronil and ivermectin treatment of cattle reduced the survival and ovarian development of field-collected Anopheles albimanus in a pilot trial conducted in northern Belize. Malar J 2019; 18:296. [PMID: 31464619 PMCID: PMC6716933 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most malaria vector control programmes rely on indoor residual spraying of insecticides and insecticide-treated bed nets. This is effective against vector species that feed indoors at night and rest inside the house afterwards. In Central America, malaria vectors have different behaviours and are typically exophagic (i.e., bite outdoors), exophilic (i.e., remain outdoors after feeding), and zoophagic (i.e., as likely to feed on non-humans as humans). Thus, malaria elimination in Central America may require additional tactics. This pilot study investigated whether commercially-available products used to treat livestock for ticks could also be used to kill and/or sterilize zoophagic malaria vectors that feed on treated cattle in Belize. Methods Cattle were treated with either a pour-on formulation of 1% fipronil (3 heifers) or injection of 1% ivemectin (1 heifer). Control heifers (n = 2) were left untreated. Field-collected Anopheles albimanus contained in screen-top cages were strapped onto cattle at 2, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Mosquito mortality was monitored once a day for 4 successive days. Surviving mosquitoes were dissected to assess blood meal digestion and ovarian development. Results A total of 1078 female An. albimanus mosquitoes were fed and monitored for mortality. Both fipronil and ivermectin significantly reduced survivorship of An. albimanus for up to 7 days after treatment. By 14 days, efficacy had declined. The ivermectin treatment completely lost its effectiveness and even though the fipronil-treated heifers were still killing significantly more mosquitoes than the untreated heifers, the amount of mosquito killing had diminished greatly. Both treatments significantly reduced ovary development in mosquitoes fed on treated cattle for the duration of the 2-week trial. Conclusions Treatment of cattle in northern Belize with topical fipronil and injectable ivermectin had significant lethal and sublethal effects on wild An. albimanus females. These results suggest that efforts towards eliminating residual transmission of malaria by zoophagic vectors in Central America may benefit by the judicious, targeted treatment of livestock with mosquitocidal compounds, such as fipronil or ivermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci M Dreyer
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Donovan Leiva
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Marla Magaña
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Marie Pott
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Jonathan Kay
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center, Orange Walk Town, Belize
| | | | - John P Grieco
- University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jefferson A Vaughan
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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25
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Achee NL, Grieco JP, Vatandoost H, Seixas G, Pinto J, Ching-Ng L, Martins AJ, Juntarajumnong W, Corbel V, Gouagna C, David JP, Logan JG, Orsborne J, Marois E, Devine GJ, Vontas J. Correction: Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007275. [PMID: 30913223 PMCID: PMC6435112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006822.].
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26
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Achee NL, Grieco JP, Vatandoost H, Seixas G, Pinto J, Ching-Ng L, Martins AJ, Juntarajumnong W, Corbel V, Gouagna C, David JP, Logan JG, Orsborne J, Marois E, Devine GJ, Vontas J. Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006822. [PMID: 30605475 PMCID: PMC6317787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito-borne viruses—such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, among others—are of global importance. Although vaccine development for prevention of mosquito-borne arbovirus infections has been a focus, mitigation strategies continue to rely on vector control. However, vector control has failed to prevent recent epidemics and arrest expanding geographic distribution of key arboviruses, such as dengue. As a consequence, there has been increasing necessity to further optimize current strategies within integrated approaches and advance development of alternative, innovative strategies for the control of mosquito-borne arboviruses. Methods and findings This review, intended as a general overview, is one of a series being generated by the Worldwide Insecticide resistance Network (WIN). The alternative strategies discussed reflect those that are currently under evaluation for public health value by the World Health Organization (WHO) and represent strategies of focus by globally recognized public health stakeholders as potential insecticide resistance (IR)-mitigating strategies. Conditions where these alternative strategies could offer greatest public health value in consideration of mitigating IR will be dependent on the anticipated mechanism of action. Arguably, the most pressing need for endorsement of the strategies described here will be the epidemiological evidence of a public health impact. Conclusions As the burden of mosquito-borne arboviruses, predominately those transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, continues to grow at a global scale, new vector-control tools and integrated strategies will be required to meet public health demands. Decisions regarding implementation of alternative strategies will depend on key ecoepidemiological parameters that each is intended to optimally impact toward driving down arbovirus transmission. International public health workers are challenged by the burden of arthropod-borne viral diseases, to include mosquito-borne arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus due in part to lack of sustainable vector control and insecticide resistance (IR), as well as the inability to scale up and sustain existing interventions for prevention of urban epidemics. As a consequence, there has been increasing interest to advance the development of alternative methods. This review provides a general overview of alternative vector-control strategies under development for the control of arbovirus mosquito vectors and highlights how each could offer innovative public health value. Considerations to regulations, acceptance, and sustainability are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lee Ching-Ng
- Environmental Health Institute (EHI), National Environment Agency (NEA), Singapore
| | - Ademir J Martins
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clement Gouagna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Domaine universitaire de Saint Martin d'Hères, Grenoble, France
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Orsborne
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Marois
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 9022, INSERM U963, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gregor J Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Vontas
- Institute Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Crete, Greece.,Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Salazar FV, Chareonviriyaphap T, Grieco JP, Eisen L, Prabaripai A, Ojo TA, Gimutao KA, Polsomboon S, Bangs MJ, Achee NL. Influence of Location and Distance of Biogents Sentinel™ Traps From Human-Occupied Experimental Huts On Aedes aegypti Recapture and Entry Into Huts. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2018; 34:201-209. [PMID: 31442172 DOI: 10.2987/17-6713.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mark-release-recapture study was conducted to refine the "push-pull" strategy for controlling the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus vector Aedes aegypti in a peridomestic environment by determining optimal locations and distances from human-occupied experimental huts for placement of the "pull" component (Biogents Sentinel™ [BGS] traps) to maximize the capture of mosquitoes. The BGS traps were placed at portals of entry (windows or doors) or corners of the experimental huts and at varying distances from the huts (0, 3, and 10 m). The location optimization trials revealed higher trap capture rates and reduction in entry of mosquitoes when the BGS traps were positioned nearer the experimental hut portals of entry than those placed in the corner of the huts. The trap capture rate at huts' portals of entry was 38.7% (116/300), while the corners recorded 23.7% (71/300). The percentage reduction in entry of mosquitoes into the huts was 69% and 31% at portals of entry and corners or vertices, respectively. In the distance optimization trials, the highest captures were recorded at 0 m (18.5%; 111/600) and 10 m (14.2%; 128/900) distances from the hut. Moreover, the highest percentage reduction in entry of mosquitoes into the huts occurred for traps set at 0 m (65.6%) compared with 3 m (17.2%) or 10 m (14.6%) distances from the huts.
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Duman-Scheel M, Eggleson KK, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Hapairai LK. Mosquito control practices and perceptions: An analysis of economic stakeholders during the Zika epidemic in Belize, Central America. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201075. [PMID: 30024951 PMCID: PMC6053204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tourist-based economy of Belize, a tropical hub for eco-tourism, is at high risk to be disproportionately impacted by established and emerging mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika. An online survey was used to probe economic stakeholders working in the Belize tourism industry about their mosquito control practices and perceptions. Responses demonstrated that the respondents have good working knowledge of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses. Most businesses surveyed engage in some means of mosquito control, either through larval source reduction or use of insecticides on the premises. Larvicide use was significantly correlated with a general willingness to use insecticides, as well as belief that treatment of water will reduce mosquito densities and disease transmission. A majority of the respondents agreed that they would be interested in buying a new larvicide to be used on the business premises if it were shown to be safe and effective. The safety of mosquito control products for humans, animals, plants, and the environment in general, followed by product effectiveness, are the most critical determinants of mosquito control purchasing decisions. A majority of respondents agreed that control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses is central to the success of their tourist-based industry. Respondents expressed significant concern that the Zika epidemic was over-sensationalized by the media, and that this negatively impacted their livelihoods. The respondents, many of whom are associated with eco/sustainable businesses, also voiced concerns that chemical pesticides could have a negative impact on human health and the environment and expressed a desire for balance between effective mosquito control and preservation of the rich biodiversity of Belize. This study provided a framework for further engagement activities in Belize and other Caribbean nations, uncovered both concerns and support for emerging mosquito control technologies, and revealed opportunities for further debate and educational outreach efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kathleen K. Eggleson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Limb K. Hapairai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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29
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Ten Bosch QA, Castro-Llanos F, Manda H, Morrison AC, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Perkins TA. Model-based analysis of experimental data from interconnected, row-configured huts elucidates multifaceted effects of a volatile chemical on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:365. [PMID: 29941038 PMCID: PMC6019810 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticides used against Aedes aegypti and other disease vectors can elicit a multitude of dose-dependent effects on behavioral and bionomic traits. Estimating the potential epidemiological impact of a product requires thorough understanding of these effects and their interplay at different dosages. Volatile spatial repellent (SR) products come with an additional layer of complexity due to the potential for altered movement of affected mosquitoes and diffusion of volatile particles of the product beyond the treated house. Here, we propose a paired experimental design and statistical inference framework for estimating these nuanced effects of volatile SRs. METHOD We fitted a continuous-time Markov chain model in a Bayesian framework to data on marked mosquitoes released in interconnected experimental huts conducted in Iquitos, Peru. We estimated the effects of two dosages of transfluthrin on Ae. aegypti behaviors associated with human-vector contact: repellency, exiting and knockdown in the treated space and in connected, adjacent huts. We validated the framework using simulated data. RESULTS The odds of a female Ae. aegypti being repelled, and thus prevented from entering a treated hut (HT), increased at both dosages (low dosage: odds = 1.64, 95% highest density interval (HDI) = 1.30-2.09; high dosage: odds = 1.35, HDI = 1.04-1.67). The relative risk of exiting from the treated hut was reduced (low: RR = 0.70, HDI = 0.62-1.09; high: RR = 0.70, HDI = 0.40-1.06), with this effect carrying over to untreated spaces two huts away from the treated hut (H2) (low: RR = 0.79, HDI = 0.59-1.01; high: RR = 0.66, HDI = 0.50-0.87). Knockdown rates were increased in both treated and downstream huts, particularly under high dosage (HT: RR = 8.37, HDI = 2.11-17.35; H1: RR = 1.39, HDI = 0.52-2.69; H2: RR = 2.22, HDI = 0.96-3.86). CONCLUSIONS Our framework is effective at elucidating multiple effects of volatile chemicals used in SR products, as well as their downstream effects. For the examined formulations of transfluthrin, we found notable dose-dependent effects on repellency, movement and knockdown that carry over to adjacent, untreated spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirine A Ten Bosch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Hortance Manda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Amy C Morrison
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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30
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Lee J, Choi DB, Liu F, Grieco JP, Achee NL. Effect of the Topical Repellent para-Menthane-3,8-diol on Blood Feeding Behavior and Fecundity of the Dengue Virus Vector Aedes aegypti. Insects 2018; 9:insects9020060. [PMID: 29867036 PMCID: PMC6023277 DOI: 10.3390/insects9020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is an acute disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted primarily by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The current strategy for dengue prevention is vector control including the use of topical repellents to reduce mosquito biting. Although N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (DEET) is the most common active ingredient in topical repellent products, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is also used commercially. Studies have indicated PMD reduced biting by 90–95% for up to 6–8 h, similar to the efficacy of DEET, depending on the testing environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral effects of PMD on Ae. aegypti blood feeding and fecundity to explore the potential impact of PMD on downstream mosquito life-history traits. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, cohorts of female Ae. aegypti (Belize strain) were exposed to 20% PMD or ethanol for 10 min in a closed system and introduced to an artificial membrane feeding system. Following a 30min feed time, mosquitoes of Experiment 1 were killed and weighed as a proxy measure of blood meal, whereas mosquitoes of Experiment 2 were monitored for oviposition, a measure of fecundity. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the percentage of Ae. aegypti that blood-fed when exposed to PMD (38%) compared to those non-exposed (49%). No significant difference in fecundity between test populations was indicated. These findings suggest that exposure of Ae. aegypti to 20% PMD may influence the probability of subsequent blood feeding but of those mosquitoes that do blood feed, egg-lay density is not affected. Further studies are warranted to investigate the full range of effects of PMD exposure on other Ae. aegypti life-history traits such as mating, to continue characterizing the potential effects of PMD to impact overall vector population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugyeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Diane B Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Tisgratog R, Sukkanon C, Grieco JP, Sanguanpong U, Chauhan KR, Coats JR, Chareonviriyaphap T. Evaluation of the Constituents of Vetiver Oil Against Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Malaria Vector in Thailand. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:193-199. [PMID: 29029183 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance by mosquitoes to current synthetic compounds has resulted in reduced effectiveness of prevention and control methods worldwide. An alternative nonchemical based control tools are needed to be evaluated particularly plant-derived essential oils. Several components of vetiver oil have been documented as insect repellents. However, detailed knowledge of those components action against insect remains unknown. In this study, behavioral response of Anopheles minimus to four constituents of vetiver oil (valencene, terpinen-4-ol, isolongifolene, vetiverol) was evaluated by using the high-throughput screening assay system. Vetiverol and isolongifolene exhibited strong contact irritancy action at 1.0% (80.2% escaping) and 5.0% (81.7% escaping) concentration, respectively, while moderate action was found in both valencene and terpinen-4-ol at 5.0% (57.6% escaping). Only at 1.0% (0.7 spatial activity index [SAI]) and 5.0% (1.0 SAI) of valencene and 0.5% (0.7 SAI) of isolongifolene showed spatial repellency activity. High mortality (58.9-98.2%) was recorded in all concentration of vetiverol and isolongifolene. Meanwhile, valencene exhibited high mortality only at 5.0%, terpinen-4-ol showed very low toxic action (0-4.3%) in all concentration. These proved that valencene in vetiver oil is the promising constituent that can be developed as an alternative mosquito control mean in efforts to prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungarun Tisgratog
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Unchalee Sanguanpong
- Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Kamlesh R Chauhan
- Invasive Insects Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joel R Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Salazar FV, Chareonviriyaphap T, Grieco JP, Prabaripai A, Polsomboon S, Gimutao KA, Bangs MJ, Achee NL. BG-Sentinel™ Trap Efficacy As A Component of Proof-Of-Concept For Push-Pull Control Strategy For Dengue Vector Mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2017; 33:293-300. [PMID: 29369029 DOI: 10.2987/16-6552.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of the BG-Sentinel™ (BGS) trap as a "pull" component of a "push-pull" system (PPS) for management of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, was evaluated using local households in Pu Tuey, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The pull component was the concluding phase of a 3-part investigation using a PPS combination spatial repellent (SR) and BGS trap to capture adult vector mosquitoes. Two sentinel households were selected for evaluation of BGS trap efficacy based on the highest pretrial indoor resting densities of Ae. aegypti using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mechanical backpack collections. Potential Ae. aegypti resting sites around the selected houses were identified as possible competing sites that might influence the BGS trap capture efficiency. Results showed that BGS traps were productive in capturing Ae. aegypti females (93.4% of all Aedes collected) in the presence of competing man-made, artificial resting sites. The CDC backpack aspirator collections provided an indirect measure of local Aedes population, although technically not comparable for supporting productivity of BGS traps due to different collection days and households sampled. The predominant competing resting sites were water containers found within 3 m around the outside of sentinel households. The most productive BGS collections between houses differed by location. The most productive period of operation for Ae. aegypti BGS trapping was between 1330 and 1730 h. The BGS trap appears an effective "pull" device in the PPS strategy in natural settings.
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Polsomboon S, Hoel DF, Murphy JR, Linton YM, Motoki M, Robbins RG, Bautista K, Bricen O I, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Ching WM, Chao CC. Molecular Detection and Identification of Rickettsia Species in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Belize, Central America. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:1718-1726. [PMID: 28981693 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in Belize, Central America. We tested ixodid ticks for the presence of Rickettsia species in three of the six northern and western Belizean districts. Ticks were collected from domestic animals and tick drags over vegetation in 23 different villages in November 2014, February 2015, and May 2015. A total of 2,506 collected ticks were identified to the following species: Dermacentor nitens Neumann (46.69%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (19.55%), Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) (19.47%), Amblyomma cajennense complex (9.74%), Amblyomma maculatum Koch (3.47%), Amblyomma ovale Koch (0.68%), Ixodes nr affinis (0.16%), Amblyomma nr maculatum (0.12%), and Amblyomma nr oblongoguttatum (0.12%). Ticks were pooled according to species, life stage (larva, nymph, or adult), and location (n = 509) for DNA extraction and screened for genus Rickettsia by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All 42 positive pools were found to be positive for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia in pools of A. cajennense complex (n = 33), A. maculatum (n = 4), A. nr maculatum (n = 1), A. ovale (n = 1), R. sanguineus (n = 1), and I. nr affinis (n = 2). Rickettsia amblyommatis was identified from A. cajennense complex and A. nr maculatum. Rickettsia parkeri was found in A. maculatum, and Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont was detected in I. nr affinis. The presence of infected ticks suggests a risk of tick-borne rickettsioses to humans and animals in Belize. This knowledge can contribute to an effective tick management and disease control program benefiting residents and travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppaluck Polsomboon
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - David F Hoel
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Jittawadee R Murphy
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560
| | - Maysa Motoki
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
- Department of Entomology, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Sisattanak District, PO Box 3560, Vientiane, Laos, PDR
| | - Richard G Robbins
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
| | - Kim Bautista
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk, Belize
| | - Ireneo Bricen O
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk, Belize
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Wei-Mei Ching
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Chien-Chung Chao
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
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Sugiharto VA, Grieco JP, Murphy JR, Olsen CH, Colacicco-Mayhugh MG, Stewart VA, Achee NL, Turell MJ. Effects of Preexposure to DEET on the Downstream Blood-Feeding Behaviors of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1100-1104. [PMID: 27288690 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito behavior is heavily influenced by the chemical molecules in the environment. This knowledge can be used to modify insect behaviors; particularly to reduce vector-host contact as a powerful method for disease prevention. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most widely used insect repellent in the market and an excellent example of a chemical that has been used to modify insect behavior for disease prevention. However, genetic insensitivity and habituation in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes after preexposure to DEET have been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of preexposure to DEET on the downstream blood-feeding behavior of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and the duration of the effect. We exposed mosquitoes to four different DEET concentrations: 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, and 0.16% for 10 min then allowed the mosquitoes to blood-feed on an artificial blood-feeding system either immediately or after being held for 1, 3, 6, or 24 h following DEET exposure. We found that preexposing Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to 0.14 or 0.16% DEET lowered their blood engorgement level, but did not alter their landing and probing behavior when compared to the control test populations. The reduction in complete blood-feeding was observed at all time periods tested, but was only statistically significant at 3 and 6 h after the preexposure process. Because reduction in blood meal has been associated with increased refeeding, future studies analyzing the effect of this behavior using arbovirus-infected mosquitoes are needed to address the concern of potentially increased vectorial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Sugiharto
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
- Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Jittawadee R Murphy
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | | | - V Ann Stewart
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
- Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Michael J Turell
- Department of Vector Assessment, Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
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Choi DB, Grieco JP, Apperson CS, Schal C, Ponnusamy L, Wesson DM, Achee NL. Effect of Spatial Repellent Exposure on Dengue Vector Attraction to Oviposition Sites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004850. [PMID: 27428011 PMCID: PMC4948784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue virus (DENV), the causative agent of dengue fever, an arthropod-borne disease of global importance. Although a vaccine has been recommended for prevention, current dengue prevention strategies rely on vector control. Recently, volatile pyrethroids-spatial repellents-have received interest as a novel delivery system for adult Ae. aegypti control. Understanding the full range of behavioral effects spatial repellents elicit in mosquito species will be critical to understanding the overall impact these products have on vector populations and will guide expectations of efficacy against DENV transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The current study quantified changes in attraction of gravid Ae. aegypti to experimental oviposition sites following exposure to the spatial repellent transfluthrin. Responses were measured with two-choice olfaction bioassays using 'sticky-screens' covering cups to prevent contact with the oviposition substrate. Two cups contained a bacterial attractant composed of four species of bacteria in calcium alginate beads in water and two cups contained only deionized water. Results from 40 replicates (n = 780 females total per treatment) indicated an estimated difference in attraction of 9.35% ± 0.18 (p ≤ 0.003), implying that the transfluthrin-exposed mosquitoes were more attracted to the experimental oviposition sites than the non-exposed mosquitoes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Findings from this study will further characterize the role of spatial repellents to modify Ae. aegypti behavior related to dengue prevention specifically, and encourage innovation in vector control product development more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B. Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Apperson
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Sugiharto VA, Murphy JR, Turell MJ, Olsen CH, Stewart VA, Colacicco-Mayhugh MG, Grieco JP, Achee NL. Dengue Virus-1 Infection Did Not Alter the Behavioral Response of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to DEET. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:687-691. [PMID: 27026163 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
No licensed vaccine or antiviral drug against dengue virus (DENV) is available; therefore, most of the effort to prevent this disease is focused on reducing vector-host interactions. One of the most widely accepted methods of blocking vector-human contact is to use insect repellents to interfere with mosquito host-seeking behavior. Some arboviruses can replicate in the nervous system of the vector, raising the concern that arboviral infection may alter the insect behavioral response toward chemical stimuli. Three different Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito cohorts: DENV-1-injected, diluent-injected, and uninjected were subjected to behavioral tests using a high-throughput screening system with 2.5% DEET and 0.14% DEET on 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 17 d postinjection. All test cohorts exhibited significant contact irritant or escape responses when they were exposed to 2.5% or 0.14% DEET. However, we found no biologically relevant irritancy response change in DENV-1-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes when they were exposed to DEET. Further studies evaluating the effects of other arboviral infections on insect repellents activity are necessary in order to provide better recommendation on the prevention of vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Sugiharto
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; ),
| | - Jittawadee R Murphy
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Michael J Turell
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - V Ann Stewart
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Michelle G Colacicco-Mayhugh
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 (; ; ; ; ; )
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Tisgratog R, Sanguanpong U, Grieco JP, Ngoen-Kluan R, Chareonviriyaphap T. Plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents and the implication for their use in vector control. Acta Trop 2016; 157:136-44. [PMID: 26826392 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants with insect repelling properties are native to the tropics where they are produced for a wide range of medicinal purposes. In Thailand, these native plant species have a history of use for personal protection against biting insects. From our investigation we identified 37 plant species within 14 plant families that showed some mosquito repellent properties. Of these, 9 plant species were characterized using an excito-repellency test system against several Thai mosquito species. Results from these studies revealed that five essential oils extracted from plants demonstrated promising insect repellent activity. These active ingredients show promise for further development into formulations that may serve as alternatives to DEET or possibly be used as natural bio-pesticides to kill mosquitoes.
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Wagman JM, Grieco JP, Bautista K, Polanco J, Briceño I, King R, Achee NL. The field evaluation of a push-pull system to control malaria vectors in northern Belize, Central America. Malar J 2015; 14:184. [PMID: 25925395 PMCID: PMC4425932 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campaigns for the continued reduction and eventual elimination of malaria may benefit from new and innovative vector control tools. One novel approach being considered uses a push-pull strategy, whereby spatial repellents are used in combination with outdoor baited traps. The desired effect is the behavioural manipulation of mosquito populations to elicit movement of vectors away from people and into traps. Methods Here, a prototype push-pull intervention was evaluated using an experimental hut methodology to test proof-of-principle for the strategy against two natural vector populations, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles vestitipennis, in Belize, Central America. A Latin square study design was used to compare mosquito entry into experimental huts and outdoor traps across four different experimental conditions: 1) control, with no interventions; 2) pull, utilizing only outdoor traps; 3) push, utilizing only an indoor spatial repellent; and 4) push-pull, utilizing both interventions simultaneously. Results For An. vestitipennis, the combined use of an indoor repellent and outdoor baited traps reduced average nightly mosquito hut entry by 39% (95% CI: [0.37 – 0.41]) as compared to control and simultaneously increased the nightly average densities of An. vestitipennis captured in outdoor baited traps by 48% (95% CI: [0.22 – 0.74]), compared to when no repellent was used. Against An. albimanus, the combined push-pull treatment similarly reduced hut entry, by 54% (95% CI: [0.40 – 0.68]) as compared to control; however, the presence of a repellent indoors did not affect overall outdoor trap catch densities for this species. Against both anopheline species, the combined intervention did not further reduce mosquito hut entry compared to the use of repellent alone. Conclusions The prototype intervention evaluated here clearly demonstrated that push-pull strategies have potential to reduce human-vector interactions inside homes by reducing mosquito entry, and highlighted the possibility for the strategy to simultaneously decrease human-vector interactions outside of homes by increasing baited trap collections. However, the variation in effect on different vectors demonstrates the need to characterize the underlying behavioral ecology of target mosquitoes in order to drive local optimization of the intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0692-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wagman
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - John P Grieco
- College of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Kim Bautista
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Jorge Polanco
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Ireneo Briceño
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Russell King
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Nicole L Achee
- College of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Wagman JM, Achee NL, Grieco JP. Insensitivity to the spatial repellent action of transfluthrin in Aedes aegypti: a heritable trait associated with decreased insecticide susceptibility. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003726. [PMID: 25879206 PMCID: PMC4400042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New vector control paradigms expanding the use of spatial repellents are promising, but there are many gaps in our knowledge about how repellents work and how their long-term use might affect vector populations over time. Reported here are findings from a series of in vitro studies that investigated the plasticity and heritability of spatial repellent (SR) behaviors in Aedes aegypti exposed to airborne transfluthrin, including results that indicate a possible link between repellent insensitivity and insecticide resistance. Methodology/principal findings A dual-choice chamber system was used to observe directional flight behaviors in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to passively emanating transfluthrin vapors (1.35 mg/m3). Individual SR responder and SR non-responder mosquitoes were identified, collected and maintained separately according to their observed phenotype. Subsequent testing included re-evaluation of behavioral responses in some mosquito cohorts as well as testing the progeny of selectively bred responder and non-responder mosquito strains through nine generations. At baseline (F0 generation), transfluthrin actively repelled mosquitoes in the assay system. F0 mosquitoes repelled upon initial exposure to transfluthrin vapors were no more likely to be repelled again by subsequent exposure 24h later, but repelled mosquitoes allowed to rest for 48h were subsequently repelled at a higher proportion than was observed at baseline. Selective breeding of SR responders for nine generations did not change the proportion of mosquitoes repelled in any generation. However, selective breeding of SR non-responders did produce, after four generations, a strain of mosquitoes that was insensitive to the SR activity of transfluthrin. Compared to the SR responder strain, the SR insensitive strain also demonstrated decreased susceptibility to transfluthrin toxicity in CDC bottle bioassays and a higher frequency of the V1016Ikdr mutation. Conclusions/significance SR responses to volatile transfluthrin are complex behaviors with multiple determinants in Ae. aegypti. Results indicate a role for neurotoxic irritation of mosquitoes by sub-lethal doses of airborne chemical as a mechanism by which transfluthrin can produce SR behaviors in mosquitoes. Accordingly, how prolonged exposure to sub-lethal doses of volatile pyrethroids might impact insecticide resistance in natural vector populations, and how already resistant populations might respond to a given repellent in the field, are important considerations that warrant further monitoring and study. Results also highlight the critical need to develop new repellent active ingredients with novel mechanisms of action. There is growing evidence to support the expanded use of spatial repellents for vector control, but there are still many uncertainties about how repellents work and how their long term use may impact vector populations over time. Here, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments that investigated spatial repellent (SR) behaviors in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to airborne transfluthrin, a volatile pyrethroid commonly used in repellent products. We were able to show that repellent insensitivity is linked to reduced insecticide susceptibility and increased knock down resistance allele frequency, indicating that sub-lethal doses of airborne transfluthrin can elicit SR behaviors in mosquitoes by inducing an agitated state via neurotoxic pathways independent of olfactory stimulation. This raises questions about how the use of volatile pyrethroid repellents may impact insecticide resistance in target vectors over time, highlighting the need to further understand all of the physiological drivers of SR behaviors and emphasizing the requirement to develop new repellent active ingredients with novel, non-toxic mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Wagman
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Division of Tropical Public Health, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- College of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- College of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Syafruddin D, Bangs MJ, Sidik D, Elyazar I, Asih PBS, Chan K, Nurleila S, Nixon C, Hendarto J, Wahid I, Ishak H, Bøgh C, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Baird JK. Impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in Sumba, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:1079-87. [PMID: 25311699 PMCID: PMC4257627 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (SR) in households at risk of malaria in Indonesia. Following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. Weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. Malaria infections occurred in 61 subjects living in placebo households and 31 subjects living in SR coil households, suggesting a 52% protective effect of SR. Likewise, anopheles indoor human landing rates were 32% lower in homes receiving SR coils. Differences in the malaria attack rate between SR- and placebo-treated homes was significant when not accounting for the effects of clustering. When the analysis was adjusted for intra-cluster correlation, the differences between SR- and placebo-treated homes were not statistically significant. The findings provide evidence of SR public health benefit and support a larger trial statistically powered to detect those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dian Sidik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iqbal Elyazar
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Puji B S Asih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krisin Chan
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Siti Nurleila
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Nixon
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joko Hendarto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isra Wahid
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hasanuddin Ishak
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Bøgh
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grieco
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Public Health and Malaria Control, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua Indonesia; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Sumba Foundation, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wagman J, Grieco JP, Bautista K, Polanco J, Briceño I, King R, Achee NL. A comparison of two commercial mosquito traps for the capture of malaria vectors in northern belize, central america. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2014; 30:175-183. [PMID: 25843092 DOI: 10.2987/14-6411r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To achieve maximum success from any vector control intervention, it is critical to identify the most efficacious tools available. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 commercially available adult mosquito traps for capturing Anopheles albimanus and An. vestitipennis, 2 important malaria vectors in northern Belize, Central America. Additionally, the impact of outdoor baited traps on mosquito entry into experimental huts was assessed. When operated outside of human-occupied experimental huts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light trap, baited with human foot odors, captured significantly greater numbers of female An. albimanus per night (5.1 ± 1.9) than the Biogents Sentinel™ trap baited with BG-Lure™ (1.0 ± 0.2). The 2 trap types captured equivalent numbers of female An. vestitipennis per night, 134.3 ± 45.6 in the CDC trap and 129.6 ± 25.4 in the Sentinel trap. When compared to a matched control hut using no intervention, the use of baited CDC light traps outside an experimental hut did not impact the entry of An. vestitipennis into window interception traps, 17.1 ± 1.3 females per hour in experimental huts vs. 17.2 ± 1.4 females per hour in control huts. However, the use of outdoor baited CDC traps did significantly decrease the entry of An. albimanus into window interception traps from 3.5 ± 0.5 females per hour to 1.9 ± 0.2 females per hour. These results support existing knowledge that the underlying ecological and behavioral tendencies of different Anopheles species can influence trap efficacy. Furthermore, these findings will be used to guide trap selection for future push-pull experiments to be conducted at the study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wagman
- 2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Boonyuan W, Grieco JP, Bangs MJ, Prabaripai A, Tantakom S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Excito-repellency of essential oils against an Aedes aegypti (L.) field population in Thailand. J Vector Ecol 2014; 39:112-22. [PMID: 24820563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2014.12077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti (= Stegomyia aegypti) to various concentrations of essential oils (2.5, 5, and 10%) extracted from hairy basil (Ocimum americanum Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf), citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus Rendle), and plai (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb) were performed using an excito-repellency test chamber. Results showed that Ae. aegypti exhibited varying levels of escape response in both the contact and noncontact chambers in response to different essential oils. The magnitude of the behaviors changed in a dose-response fashion depending on the percent volume to volume concentration of oil used. A 2.5% concentration of hairy basil oil produced a significantly greater escape response compared to the other extracts at the same concentration (P< 0.05). Oils of ginger, lemongrass, and citronella produced stronger irritant and repellent responses at the median 5% concentration compared to the lowest and highest concentrations. There was marked suppression of escape for both contact and noncontact tests using 10% concentrations of hairy basil, lemongrass, and citronella, with high knockdown for all three oils after 30 min. Hairy basil and lemongrass had the highest insecticidal activity to Ae. aegypti, with LC50 values of 6.3 and 6.7 percent, respectively. We conclude that the essential oils from native plants tested, and likely many other extracts found in plants, have inherent repellent and irritant qualities that should to be screened and optimized for their behavior-modifying properties against Ae. aegypti and other biting arthropods of public health and pest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Boonyuan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Wagman J, Grieco JP, King R, Briceño I, Bautista K, Polanco J, Pecor J, Achee NL. First record and demonstration of a southward expansion of Aedes albopictus into Orange Walk Town, Belize, Central America. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2013; 29:380-382. [PMID: 24551972 DOI: 10.2987/13-6364.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first record of Aedes albopictus in northern Belize was made in Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, on November 3, 2011. Aedes spp. larvae were collected during a routine Ministry of Health mosquito survey and reared to adults. Upon emergence, a mixed population of Aedes aegypti (35) and Ae. albopictus (11) was observed (aegypti:albopictus = 3:1). Subsequent larval and adult surveys in Orange Walk and Corozal District, also in northern Belize, have confirmed the presence of Ae. albopictus, thereby indicating the range expansion and establishment of this nuisance biter and potential disease vector in Belize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wagman
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Russell King
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize, Central America
| | - Ireneo Briceño
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize, Central America
| | - Kim Bautista
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize, Central America
| | - Jorge Polanco
- Ministry of Health, East Block Independence Plaza, Belmopan, Belize, Central America
| | - James Pecor
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Sachs P, Diaz Rodriguez GA, Briceno I, King R, Achee NL, Grieco JP. Comparison of experimental hut entrance and exit behavior between Anopheles darlingi from the Cayo District, Belize, and Zungarococha, Peru. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2013; 29:319-327. [PMID: 24551964 DOI: 10.2987/13-6360.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles darlingi is a major vector for malaria in Central and South America. Behavioral, ecological, genetic, and morphologic variability has been observed across its wide distribution. Recent studies have documented that 2 distinct genotypes exist for An. darlingi: a northern lineage (Belize, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama) and a southern lineage (Amazonia and southern Brazil). In order to determine if these genotypes exhibited different behavioral traits, entrance and exit movement patterns between 2 field populations of An. darlingi that represented each genotype were evaluated using experimental huts. The Belize population exhibited bimodal entrance, with peak entry occurring between 7:00-8:00 p.m. and 5:00-6:00 a.m. and peak exiting occurring between 7:00-8:00 p.m. The Peru population exhibited unimodal entrance, with peak entry occurring between 10:00-11:00 p.m. and peak exiting occurring between 11:00-12:00 a.m. with a secondary smaller peak at 2:30 a.m. Entrance and exit behavioral patterns were significantly different between the Belize and Peru populations of An. darlingi (log-rank [Mantel-Cox] P < 0.001). Information from the present study will be used in the future to determine if there is a correlation between genotype and host-seeking behavior and can be used in the present for regional vector risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Sachs
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Ireneo Briceno
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk Belize
| | - Russell King
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk Belize
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Salazar FV, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Prabaripai A, Ojo TA, Eisen L, Dureza C, Polsomboon S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Effect of Aedes aegypti exposure to spatial repellent chemicals on BG-Sentinel™ trap catches. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:145. [PMID: 23688176 PMCID: PMC3663736 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An integrated approach to reduce densities of adult Aedes aegypti inside homes is currently being evaluated under experimentally controlled field conditions. The strategy combines a spatial repellent (SR) treatment (applied indoors) with the Biogents Sentinel™ (BGS) mosquito trap positioned in the outdoor environment. In essence, when combined, the goal is to create a push-pull mechanism that will reduce the probability of human-vector contact. The current study measured BGS recapture rates of Ae. aegypti test cohorts that were exposed to either SR or control (chemical-free) treatments within experimental huts. The objective was to define what, if any, negative impact SR may have on BGS trap efficacy (i.e., reduced BGS collection). METHODS Aedes aegypti females were exposed to SR compounds within experimental huts in the form of either treated fabric (DDT and transfluthrin) or mosquito coil (metofluthrin). Test cohorts were released within individual screen house cubicles, each containing 4 BGS traps, following SR exposure according to treatment. Two separate test cohorts were evaluated: (i) immediate release (IR) exposed from 06:00-12:00 hours and released at 12:00 hours and (ii) delayed release (DR) exposed from12:00-18:00 hours and released at 05:30 hours the following day. BGS recapture was monitored at 09:30, 13:30 and 15:30 hours and the cumulative recapture by time point quantified. RESULTS Exposure of Ae. aegypti females to either DDT or metofluthrin did not significantly impact BGS capture as compared to cohorts of non-exposed females. This was true for both IR and DR exposure populations. IR cohorts exposed to transfluthrin resulted in significantly lower BGS recapture compared to matched controls but this effect was primarily due to high mosquito mortality during transfluthrin trials. CONCLUSION Our data indicate no more than minor and short-lived impacts (i.e., reduced attraction) on BGS trap catches following exposure to the pyrethroid compounds transfluthrin and metofluthrin and no change in recapture densities using DDT as compared to matched controls. These findings suggest a combined SR and BGS approach to vector control could function as a push-pull strategy to reduce Ae. aegypti adults in and around homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand V Salazar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 70814, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 70814, USA
| | - Atchariya Prabaripai
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsean, Nakhonpathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Tolulope A Ojo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 70814, USA
| | - Lars Eisen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Christine Dureza
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health, FCC, 9:300 Research Drive, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, The Philippines
| | - Suppaluck Polsomboon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Manda H, Shah P, Polsomboon S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Castro-Llanos F, Morrison A, Burrus RG, Grieco JP, Achee NL. Contact irritant responses of Aedes aegypti Using sublethal concentration and focal application of pyrethroid chemicals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2074. [PMID: 23469302 PMCID: PMC3585116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated contact irritant and spatial repellent behaviors in Aedes aegypti following exposure to sublethal concentrations of chemicals. These sublethal actions are currently being evaluated in the development of a push-pull strategy for Ae. aegypti control. This study reports on mosquito escape responses after exposure to candidate chemicals for a contact irritant focused push-pull strategy using varying concentrations and focal application. METHODS Contact irritancy (escape) behavior, knockdown and 24 hour mortality rates were quantified in populations of female Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions and validated in the field (Thailand and Peru) using experimental huts. Evaluations were conducted using varying concentrations and treatment surface area coverage (SAC) of three pyrethroid insecticides: alphacypermethrin, lambacyhalothrin and deltamethrin. RESULTS Under laboratory conditions, exposure of Ae. aegypti to alphacypermethrin using the standard field application rate (FAR) resulted in escape responses at 25% and 50% SAC that were comparable with escape responses at 100% SAC. Significant escape responses were also observed at <100% SAC using ½FAR of all test compounds. In most trials, KD and 24 hour mortality rates were higher in mosquitoes that did not escape than in those that escaped. In Thailand, field validation studies indicated an early time of exit (by four hours) and 40% increase in escape using ½FAR of alphacypermethrin at 75% SAC compared to a matched chemical-free control. In Peru, however, the maximum increase in Ae. aegypti escape from alphacypermethrin-treated huts was 11%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Results presented here suggest a potential role for sublethal and focal application of contact irritant chemicals in an Ae. aegypti push-pull strategy to reduce human-vector contact inside treated homes. However, the impact of an increase in escape response on dengue virus transmission is currently unknown and will depend on rate of biting on human hosts prior to house exiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortance Manda
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Tainchum K, Polsomboon S, Grieco JP, Suwonkerd W, Prabaripai A, Sungvornyothin S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Achee NL. Comparison of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) resting behavior on two fabric types under consideration for insecticide treatment in a push-pull strategy. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:59-68. [PMID: 23427653 DOI: 10.1603/me11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.), the primary vector of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, breeds and rests predominately inside human dwellings. With no current vaccine available, vector control remains the mainstay for dengue management and novel approaches continue to be needed to reduce virus transmission. This requires a full understanding of Ae. aegypti ecology to design effective strategies. One novel approach is the use of contact irritants at target resting sites inside homes to make the surface unacceptable and cause vectors to escape before biting. The objective of the current study was to observe indoor resting behavior patterns of female Ae. aegypti within experimental huts in response to two fabrics under consideration for insecticide treatment: cotton and polyester. Results indicate that fabric type, coverage ratio of dark to light fabric and placement configuration (vertical vs. horizontal) all influenced the resting pattern of mosquito cohorts. Findings from this study will guide evaluations of a push-pull strategy designed to exploit contact irritant behaviors and drive Ae. aegypti out of homes prefeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krajana Tainchum
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Tananchai C, Tisgratog R, Juntarajumnong W, Grieco JP, Manguin S, Prabaripai A, Chareonviriyaphap T. Species diversity and biting activity of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles baimaii (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria prone area of western Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:211. [PMID: 23009133 PMCID: PMC3584673 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey of adult anopheline mosquito diversities, collected from September 2009 to August 2010, was conducted in a malaria endemic area of western Thailand. Two anopheline species complexes, Dirus and Minimus, along with the Maculatus group were observed. Of several species documented from within each complex and group, four important malaria vectors were identified, including An. dirus, An. baimaii, An. minimus, and An. sawadwongporni. Information on biting activity and host preference for any single species within the Dirus complex has never been assessed. Using specific molecular identification assays, the trophic behavior and biting activity of each sibling species within the Dirus complex were observed and analyzed for the Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. METHODS Adult female mosquitoes were collected for two consecutive nights each month during a one year period. Three collection methods, human landing indoor (HLI), human landing outdoor (HLO), and cattle baited collections (CBC) were applied. Each team of collectors captured mosquitoes between 1800 and 0600 h. RESULTS From a total of 9,824 specimens, 656 belong to the Dirus complex (An. dirus 6.09% and An. baimaii 0.59%), 8,802 to the Minimus complex (An. minimus 4.95% and An. harrisoni 84.65%) and 366 to the Maculatus group (An. maculatus 2.43% and An. sawadwongporni 1.29%). Both An. dirus and An. baimaii demonstrated exophagic and zoophilic behaviors. Significantly greater numbers of An. dirus and An. baimaii were collected from cattle as compared to humans (P = 0.003 for An. dirus and P = 0.048 for An. baimaii). CONCLUSIONS Significantly greater numbers of An. dirus and An. baimaii were collected from cattle baited traps as compared to human landing collections (P < 0.05), demonstrating that both species show a strong zoophilic behavior. Knowledge of host-seeking behavior helps to define a species' capacity to acquire and transmit malaria and its contribution to the overall risk for disease transmission in the human population, as well as, assisting in the design and implementation of appropriate vector prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Tananchai
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Salazar FV, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Prabaripai A, Eisen L, Shah P, Chareonviriyaphap T. Evaluation of a peridomestic mosquito trap for integration into an Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) push-pull control strategy. J Vector Ecol 2012; 37:8-19. [PMID: 22548532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We determined the feasibility of using the BG-Sentinel™ mosquito trap (BGS) as the pull component in a push-pull strategy to reduce indoor biting by Aedes aegypti. This included evaluating varying numbers of traps (1-4) and mosquito release numbers (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) on recapture rates under screen house conditions. Based on these variations in trap and mosquito numbers, release intervals were rotated through a completely randomized design with environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) and monitored throughout each experiment. Data from four sampling time points (05:30, 09:30, 13:30, and 17:30) indicate a recapture range among treatments of 66-98%. Furthermore, 2-3 traps were as effective in recapturing mosquitoes as 4 traps for all mosquito release numbers. Time trends indicate Day 1 (the day the mosquitoes were released) as the "impact period" for recapture with peak numbers of marked mosquitoes collected at 09:30 or 4 h post-release. Information from this study will be used to guide the configuration of the BGS trap component of a push-pull vector control strategy currently in the proof-of-concept stage of development in Thailand and Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand V Salazar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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