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Delgado-Noguera LA, Hernández-Pereira CE, Ramírez JD, Hernández C, Velasquez-Ortíz N, Clavijo J, Ayala JM, Forero-Peña D, Marquez M, Suarez MJ, Traviezo-Valles L, Escalona MA, Perez-Garcia L, Carpio IM, Sordillo EM, Grillet ME, Llewellyn MS, Gabaldón JC, Paniz Mondolfi AE. Tele-entomology and tele-parasitology: A citizen science-based approach for surveillance and control of Chagas disease in Venezuela. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 19:e00273. [PMID: 36118050 PMCID: PMC9475302 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas Disease (CD), a chronic infection caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a Neglected Tropical Disease endemic to Latin America. With a re-emergence in Venezuela during the past two decades, the spread of CD has proved susceptible to, and inhibitable by a digital, real-time surveillance system effectuated by Citizen Scientists in communities throughout the country. The #TraeTuChipo (#BringYourKissingBug) campaign implemented in January 2020, has served as such a strategy counting on community engagement to define the current ecological distribution of CD vectors despite the absence of a functional national surveillance program. This pilot campaign collected data through online surveys, social media platforms, and/or telephone text messages. A total of 79 triatomine bugs were reported from eighteen Venezuelan states; 67 bugs were identified as Panstrongylus geniculatus, 1 as Rhodnius pictipes, 1 as Triatoma dimidiata, and 10 as Triatoma maculata. We analyzed 8 triatomine feces samples spotted from 4 Panstrongylus geniculatus which were confirmed positive by qPCR for T. cruzi . Further molecular characterization of discrete typing units (DTUs), revealed that all samples contained TcI, the most highly diverse and broadly distributed strain of T. cruzi. Moreover, analysis of the mitochondrial 12S gene revealed Myotis keaysi, Homo sapiens, and Gallus gallus as the main triatomine feeding sources. This study highlights a novel Citizen Science approach which may help improve the surveillance systems for CD in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes A. Delgado-Noguera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Carlos E. Hernández-Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velasquez-Ortíz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Clavijo
- Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola “Francisco Fernández Yépez” (MIZA), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Aragua, Venezuela
| | | | - David Forero-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
| | - Marilianna Marquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Maria J. Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Luis Traviezo-Valles
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
- Sección de Parasitología Médica (UNIPARME), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Maria Alejandra Escalona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Luis Perez-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Isis Mejias Carpio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Global WASH, Houston, TX, USA
- Water and Sanitation Rotarian Action Group (WaSRAG), TX, USA
| | - Emilia M. Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E. Grillet
- Laboratorio de Biología de Vectores y Parásitos, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Martin S. Llewellyn
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Juan C. Gabaldón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinical, University of Navarra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto E. Paniz Mondolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Emerging Pathogens Network-Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Venezuela
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Abstract
Aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) are rare connective tissue tumors that occur sporadically or in association with familial adenomatous polyposis. The etiology is unknown and clinical findings depend on growth into neighboring structures. Biopsy is required to establish the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgery. We report a case with unusual localization in this form of presentation. The patient remains asymptomatic 15 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Vital Alvarez-Buylla, Mieres, Asturias, España.
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Ayala JM, Goyal S, Liverton NJ, Claremon DA, O'Keefe SJ, Hanlon WA. Serum-induced monocyte differentiation and monocyte chemotaxis are regulated by the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67:869-75. [PMID: 10857861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation by the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway of monocytic inflammatory functions was evaluated using L-790,070, a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Three major functions of monocytes were investigated: differentiation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. L-790,070 inhibited serum-induced monocyte differentiation with an IC50 of 0.5 nM. Monocyte chemotaxis induced by RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-1), and fMLP were all sensitive to L-790,070. When titrated, L-790,070 inhibited MCP-1-induced chemotaxis in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.3 nM. However, the ability of serum-derived macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils was unaffected by L-790,070. The concentration with which L-790,070 inhibited both differentiation and chemotaxis was similar to that necessary to inhibit p38 MAP kinase activation of MAPKAP kinase (0.3 nM) in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, the data in this report suggest that the mechanism by which L-790,070 blocked monocyte differentiation and prevented chemotaxis was by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ayala
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Mundt SS, Ayala JM, Goyal S, Hanlon WA, Czerwinski RM, Wright SD, Whitman CP. Enzymatically inactive macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibits monocyte chemotaxis and random migration. Biochemistry 1999; 38:12841-9. [PMID: 10504254 DOI: 10.1021/bi991352p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that was first described as an inhibitor of the random migration of monocytes and macrophages and has since been proposed to have a number of immune and catalytic functions. One of the functions assigned to MIF is that of a tautomerase that interconverts the enol and keto forms of phenylpyruvate and (p-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate and converts D-dopachrome, a stereoisomer of naturally occurring L-dopachrome, to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. The physiological significance of the MIF enzymatic activity is unclear. The three-dimensional structure of MIF is strikingly similar to that of two microbial enzymes (4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase and 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate isomerase) that otherwise share little sequence identity with MIF. MIF and these two enzymes have an invariant N-terminal proline that serves as a catalytic base. Here we report a new biological function for MIF, as an inhibitor of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1- (MCP-1-) induced chemotaxis of human peripheral blood monocytes. We find that MIF inhibition of chemotaxis does not occur at the level of the CC chemokine receptor for MCP-1, CCR2, since MIF does not alter the binding of (125)I-MCP-1 to monocytes. The role of MIF enzymatic activity in inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis and random migration was studied with two MIF mutants in which the N-terminal proline was replaced with either a serine or a phenylalanine. Both mutants remain capable of inhibiting monocyte chemotaxis and random migration despite significantly reduced or no phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity. These data suggest that this enzymatic activity of MIF does not play a role in its migration inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hermanowski-Vosatka
- Departments of Endocrinology and Chemical Biology and of Immunology and Rheumatology, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Active interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is composed of 20- and 10-kDa polypeptides (p20 and p10) derived from the processing of a cytosolic 45-kDa precursor protein (p45). The cleavage and activation of the native p45 ICE precursor have been characterized by use of specific inhibitors and antibodies recognizing various regions of ICE. The processing of p45 in vitro in THP.1 monocytic cell cytoplasmic extracts is inhibited only by protease inhibitors that inhibit ICE and not by inhibitors of other protease classes. The addition of L-742,395, a biotinylated irreversible ICE inhibitor, to these extracts labels only p45 and simultaneously inhibits p45 processing, demonstrating that the p45 has catalytic activity. Following a cleavage of p45 at a site that becomes the COOH terminus of p20, a more active intermediate is formed which migrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an molecular mass of 35 kDa (ED50 of approximately 0.1 microM L-742,395 labeling versus 5 microM for p45). This new more active ICE form serves both as an intermediate enzyme to cleave p45 as well as a substrate for the formation of the final active ICE (ED50 of 1 nM L-742,395 labeling of p20 and for p22, an NH2-terminally extended form of p20). While initial cleavage of p45 can be found at the sites corresponding to both the NH2 termini of p22 and p20, these fragments cannot be labeled by L-742,395 and are hence inactive. p45 is not processed at the site corresponding to the NH2 terminus of the p10. Less than 50% of the p45 is cleaved down to active p20 or p22 ICE as determined by band shift on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the biotinylated fragments, indicating that the in vitro activation is highly inefficient. The ICE fragmentation occurs by an intermolecular process and is highly dilution sensitive. Cleavage of p45 by exogenous p20/p10 ICE differs from that of the endogenous p45 cleavage activity in that the p20/p10 activity is more salt sensitive, and it produces a different pattern of cleavage fragments, principally 35- and 12-kDa fragments. These results indicate that the nature of the ICE activity changes as p45 is processed down to the p20/p10 form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yamin
- Department of Inflammation Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Bayne EK, MacNaul KL, Donatelli SA, Christen A, Griffin PR, Hoerrner LA, Calaycay JR, Ayala JM, Chapman K, Hagmann W. Use of an antibody against the matrix metalloproteinase-generated aggrecan neoepitope FVDIPEN-COOH to assess the effects of stromelysin in a rabbit model of cartilage degradation. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38:1400-9. [PMID: 7575690 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780381007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the stromelysin cleavage site in the interglobular domain of rabbit aggrecan, and to determine whether the stromelysin-generated neoepitope can be used as a marker of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo. METHODS The carboxy-terminus sequence of the stromelysin-generated hyaluronic acid-binding region (HABR) of rabbit aggrecan was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction complementary DNA cloning and DNA sequence analysis, followed by purification and mass spectral protein sequence analysis of the HABR fragment. Active stromelysin was injected into the stifle joints of rabbits, and a stromelysin-generated aggrecan neoepitope was analyzed by Western blotting and localized in situ by indirect immunofluorescence. Proteoglycan fragments in joint fluids were quantified by a dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay. RESULTS Stromelysin cleavage of rabbit aggrecan generated a 55-kd HABR fragment that terminated in the sequence FMDIPEN: An anti-FVDIPEN antibody recognized the FMDIPEN neoepitope in situ in cartilage from stromelysin-injected joints. The appearance of the FMDIPEN neoepitope corresponded to the release of cartilage proteoglycan fragments into the joint fluid, and could be inhibited by pretreatment of the rabbits with a synthetic stromelysin inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the anti-FVDIPEN antibody can be used to assess the role of MMPs in cartilage degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Bayne
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Singer II, Kawka DW, Bayne EK, Donatelli SA, Weidner JR, Williams HR, Ayala JM, Mumford RA, Lark MW, Glant TT. VDIPEN, a metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope, is induced and immunolocalized in articular cartilage during inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:2178-86. [PMID: 7537757 PMCID: PMC295822 DOI: 10.1172/jci117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The destruction of articular cartilage in immune inflammatory arthritic disease involves the proteolytic degradation of its extracellular matrix. The role of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the chondrodestructive process was studied by identifying a selective cleavage product of aggrecan in murine arthritis models initiated by immunization with either type II collagen or proteoglycan. We conducted semiquantitative immunocytochemical studies of VDIPEN341 using a monospecific polyclonal antibody requiring the free COOH group of the COOH-terminal Asn for epitope detection. This antibody recognizes the aggrecan G1 domain fragment generated by MMP [i.e., stromelysin (SLN) or gelatinase A] cleavage of aggrecan between Asn341-Phe342 but does not recognize intact aggrecan. VDIPEN was undetectable in normal mouse cartilage but was observed in the articular cartilage (AC) of mice with collagen-induced arthritis 10 d after immunization, without histological damage and clinical symptoms. This aggrecan neoepitope was colocalized with high levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in pericellular matrices of AC chondrocytes but was not seen at the articular surface at this early time. Digestion of normal (VDIPEN negative) mouse paw cryosections with SLN also produced heavy pericellular VDIPEN labeling. Computer-based image analysis showed that the amount of VDIPEN expression increased dramatically by 20 d (70% of the SLN maximum) and was correlated with GAG depletion. Both infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovial cavity and early AC erosion were also very prominent at this time. Analysis of adjacent sections showed that both induction of VDIPEN and GAG depletion were strikingly codistributed within sites of articular cartilage damage. Similar results occurred in proteoglycan-induced arthritis, a more progressive and chronic model of inflammatory arthritis. These studies demonstrate for the first time the MMP-dependent catabolism of aggrecan at sites of chondrodestruction during inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Singer
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Lark MW, Williams H, Hoernner LA, Weidner J, Ayala JM, Harper CF, Christen A, Olszewski J, Konteatis Z, Webber R. Quantification of a matrix metalloproteinase-generated aggrecan G1 fragment using monospecific anti-peptide serum. Biochem J 1995; 307 ( Pt 1):245-52. [PMID: 7717983 PMCID: PMC1136769 DOI: 10.1042/bj3070245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the matrix metalloproteinase family have been reported to cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn-341 and Phe-342. An antiserum was prepared against a peptide conjugate corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of the matrix metalloproteinase-generated aggrecan G1 fragment (Phe335-Val-Asp-Ile-Pro-Glu-Asn341). A quantitative radioimmunoassay, with a limit of detection of about 80 pM, was developed using this antiserum. This antiserum requires the free carboxyl group of the C-terminal asparagine for optimal recognition. If the C-terminal asparagine is excised from the sequence, replaced with closely related amino acids, or extended across the matrix metalloproteinase cleavage site, there is a 40-10,000-fold loss in detection. Using peptides cleaved from the N-terminus, it was determined that the antiserum requires the entire Phe-Val-Asp-Ile-Pro-Glu-Asn sequence for optimal recognition. The radioimmunoassay detects matrix metalloproteinase-generated G1 fragments with similar sensitivity to the Phe-Val-Asp-Ile-Pro-Glu-Asn peptide, but it does not recognize intact aggrecan. Immunoreactive aggrecan G1 fragments of molecular mass 50 kDa are generated by the matrix metalloproteinases stromelysin and gelatinase A. In contrast, under identical conditions, the closely related metalloproteinases, gelatinase B and collagenase, as well as cathepsin G, cathepsin B and human leucocyte elastase, did not generate a G1 fragment recognized by the antiserum. The anti-Phe-Val-Asp-Ile-Pro-Glu-Asn serum detects stromelysin-generated aggrecan G1 fragments from mouse, guinea pig, rabbit and human, indicating that the detection is not species-specific. This antiserum and radio-immunoassay should be useful for quantifying and characterizing matrix metalloproteinase-generated aggrecan G1 fragments in articular cartilage and synovial fluids from humans and various animal models of articular-cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lark
- Department of Biochemical Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Ayala JM, Yamin TT, Egger LA, Chin J, Kostura MJ, Miller DK. IL-1 beta-converting enzyme is present in monocytic cells as an inactive 45-kDa precursor. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.6.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The major form of IL-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) identified in THP.1 monocytic cells and human monocytes is the 45-kDa precursor protein (p45), which is found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic extracts of these cells show no pIL-1 beta cleavage activity, indicating that the p45 has no detectable catalytic activity. pIL-1 beta cleavage activity can only be observed after incubation in vitro when p45 breaks down to the active p20 form of the enzyme. LPS stimulation of human monocytes or THP.1 monocytic cells results in no change in the amount of p45 or its activity and no detectable appearance of p20 ICE. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]Met-labeled LPS-stimulated monocyte extracts revealed only p45 with no other co-precipitating protein. The inability to identify active ICE in stimulated monocytic cells was probably a reflection of the very low levels of active ICE present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ayala
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - T T Yamin
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - L A Egger
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - J Chin
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - M J Kostura
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - D K Miller
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
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Ayala JM, Yamin TT, Egger LA, Chin J, Kostura MJ, Miller DK. IL-1 beta-converting enzyme is present in monocytic cells as an inactive 45-kDa precursor. J Immunol 1994; 153:2592-9. [PMID: 8077669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The major form of IL-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) identified in THP.1 monocytic cells and human monocytes is the 45-kDa precursor protein (p45), which is found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic extracts of these cells show no pIL-1 beta cleavage activity, indicating that the p45 has no detectable catalytic activity. pIL-1 beta cleavage activity can only be observed after incubation in vitro when p45 breaks down to the active p20 form of the enzyme. LPS stimulation of human monocytes or THP.1 monocytic cells results in no change in the amount of p45 or its activity and no detectable appearance of p20 ICE. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]Met-labeled LPS-stimulated monocyte extracts revealed only p45 with no other co-precipitating protein. The inability to identify active ICE in stimulated monocytic cells was probably a reflection of the very low levels of active ICE present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ayala
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
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Miller DK, Ayala JM, Egger LA, Raju SM, Yamin TT, Ding GJ, Gaffney EP, Howard AD, Palyha OC, Rolando AM. Purification and characterization of active human interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme from THP.1 monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:18062-9. [PMID: 8349684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) was purified from dialyzed cytoplasmic extracts of THP.1 human monocytic cells by a combination of DEAE-5PW and SP-5PW ion exchange and C4 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Sequence information from tryptic and Asp.N peptides on the isolated 20-kDa (p20) and a 10-kDa (p10) proteins enabled the subsequent cloning of ICE (Thornberry, N. A., Bull, H. G., Calaycay, J. R., Chapman, K. T., Howard, A. D., Kostura, M. J., Miller, D. K., Molineaux, S. M., Weidner, J. R., Aunins, J., Elliston, K. O., Ayala, J. M., Casano, F. J., Chin, J., Ding, G. J.-F., Egger, L. A., Gaffney, E. P., Limjuco, G., Palyha, O. C., Raju, S. M., Rolando, A. M., Salley, J. P., Yamin, T.-T., Lee, T. D., Shively, J. E., MacCross, M., Mumford, R. A., Schmidt, J. A., and Tocci, M. J. (1992) Nature 356, 768-774) and localized the active site Cys. Immunoblots with ICE specific antibodies and NH2-terminal sequencing indicated that ICE active column fractions contained in addition to p20 and p10 an alternatively processed form of the p20 protein (p22) containing an extra 16 amino acids NH2-terminal to the p20. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis of the ion exchange column effluent showed that p20 and p22 were found together in three separate fractions distinguished by differences in p10: an intact p10 with complete ICE activity, a COOH-terminally truncated form of p10 with decreased ICE activity, and an absence of p10 with no ICE activity. These results indicate that the p10 protein is essential for ICE activity and that the ICE holoenzyme contains an intact p10 subunit paired with a p20 or p22 catalytic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Miller
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Pathology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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12
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Abstract
Endopeptidase-24.15 (E.C. 3.4.24.15; EP-24.15) cleaves several substrates found in the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the opioid peptides of the dynorphin family. We have examined the activity of EP-24.15 in these tissues as a function of maturation, of the estrous cycle, and in response to ovariectomy and estrogen replacement. A developmental regulation of EP-24.15-specific activity is apparent in anterior pituitary, in hypothalamus, and in the gonads. EP-24.15 is increased in the preoptic area and is decreased in the anterior pituitary in both male and female rats prior to puberty. The specific activity of EP-24.15 was increased following ovariectomy in the anterior pituitary and within medial and lateral preoptic nuclei. Testicular specific activity of EP-24.15 increased with age in a linear fashion, while ovarian EP-24.15 activity increased immediately prior to puberty, but returned to prepubertal levels by 65 days of age. The relevance of EP-24.15 to the metabolism of specific peptides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pierotti
- Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, CUNY, NY 10029
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13
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Abstract
A novel fluorogenic substrate for the neutral metalloendopeptidase-24.15 (E.C.3.4.24.15; EP-24.15) was synthesized which allowed continuous assay of the enzyme. The substrate, Glutaryl-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-4-methoxynaphthylamide (G-FAAF-4MN) is cleaved at the Phe-Ala bond by EP-24.15 (Km = 0.026 mM). The product, AAF-4MN is subsequently hydrolyzed to its constituent amino acids and the potent fluorophore 4MN by aminopeptidase M. This method has allowed the measurement of the specific activity EP-24.15 within microdissected nuclei of rat brain. The enzyme was found to have a relatively broad distribution within brain nuclei, and the activity ranged from 15-80 nmol 4MN/mg prot/h in all areas examined. The activity of EP-24.15 was relatively high in the medial and lateral pre-optic nuclei, where potential substrates include the dynorphin-like peptides and LHRH. The activity of EP-24.15 was compared with that of endopeptidase-24.11 (E.C.3.4.24.11, 'enkephalinase', EP-24.11), another peptide-cleaving metalloenzyme. EP-24.11 appeared to have a much more narrow distribution, with very high specific activity in basal ganglia as well as in the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Molineaux
- Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, CUNY, NY 10029
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14
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Abstract
Conversion of the octapeptide dynorphin (Dyn) A-(1-8) to Leu5-enkephalin (LE) by endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 (EP-24.15) in vivo was examined using the technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion. Peptides were administered intracerebroventricularly in the presence or absence of the EP-24.15 inhibitor N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate (cFPAAF-pAB) via cannulae placed into the lateral ventricle of urethane-anesthetized rats. The concentration of Dyn-like peptides and LE within the CSF was monitored by radioimmunoassay in samples of CSF taken from a second cannula placed in the cisterna magna. In the absence of inhibitor, less than 5% of the Dyn A-(1-8) administered was recovered in CSF. Immunoreactive LE, which is normally not found in CSF, increased rapidly in content following Dyn A-(1-8) infusion, an observation suggesting that the larger peptide is converted to LE. When the inhibitor cFPAAF-pAB was coadministered with Dyn A-(1-8), the concentration of immunoreactive Dyn A-(1-8) after 5 min was 40 times higher than that found in the absence of inhibitor. The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reduced the degradation of Dyn A-(1-8) to a much lesser degree. The inhibitor of EP-24.15 also afforded some protection of other Dyn-like peptides. No EP-24.15 activity was found in rat CSF, whereas high activity was found in the choroid plexus. Taken together, these data clearly indicate that an ectoenzyme form of EP-24.15 rapidly converts intracerebroventricularly administered Dyn-like peptides to LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Molineaux
- Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, CUNY 10029
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15
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Seijo F, Iglesias L, Ayala JM, del Valle M, Hernández LC, Bengoechea E. [An experimental pain model: the formaldehyde test]. Arch Neurobiol (Madr) 1989; 52:134-9. [PMID: 2774801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some papers have been published in relation to alternative models of experimental pain in animals. In this work, with the aim of proving the validity, safety, reproducibility and objectivity of this model, we have compared the behaviour of the animal under the formaldehyde test before and after the intracerebroventricular administration of morphine, proving itself as an ideal model for the study of chronic pain caused by an excess of nociception.
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16
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Nascimento L, Harris AP, Ayala JM, Opava-Stitzer S, Martinez-Maldonado M. Renin release: effects of vasodilators and bilateral ureteral obstruction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980; 212:481-6. [PMID: 6987374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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17
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Nascimento L, Fiallo AJ, Negrón MT, Cruz N, Ayala JM, Baquero R, Martínez-Maldonado M. Action of indomethacin on furosemide-induced renin release in the dog and the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1979; 210:147-51. [PMID: 448642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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18
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Cangiano JL, Ayala JM, Boksay IJ, Martinez-Maldonado M. Penbutolol: a new beta blocker in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 19:384-9. [PMID: 479383 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1979.tb02495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Nascimento L, Ayala JM, Baquero RA, Martinez-Maldonado M. Renin release by diuretics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1979; 208:522-6. [PMID: 430369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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