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Selim A, El-Shimy M, Amer G, Ihoume I, Masrur H, Guerrero JM. Hybrid off-grid energy systems optimal sizing with integrated hydrogen storage based on deterministic balance approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6888. [PMID: 38519582 PMCID: PMC10960006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition to sustainable power infrastructure necessitates integrating various renewable energy sources efficiently. Our study introduces the deterministic balanced method (DBM) for optimizing hybrid energy systems, with a particular focus on using hydrogen for energy balance. The DBM translates the sizing optimization problem into a deterministic one, significantly reducing the number of iterations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Comparative analysis with HOMER Pro demonstrates a strong alignment of results, with deviations limited to a 5% margin, confirming the precision of our method in sizing determinations. Utilizing solar and wind data, our research includes a case study of Cairo International Airport, applying the DBM to actual energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Selim
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
- Electrical Power and Machines Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 , Australia.
| | - Mohamed El-Shimy
- Electrical Power and Machines Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Amer
- Electrical Power and Machines Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ilham Ihoume
- Solar Energy and Environment Laboratory, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hasan Masrur
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josep M Guerrero
- Center for Research on Microgrids (UPC CROM), Department of Electronic Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research on Microgrids (AAU CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
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2
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Al Hanaineh W, Matas J, Guerrero JM, Bakkar M. A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of Communication Challenges. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1057. [PMID: 38400214 PMCID: PMC10892225 DOI: 10.3390/s24041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Earlier protection methods mainly focused on using communication channels to transmit trip signals between the protective devices (PDs), with no solutions provided in the case of communication failure. Therefore, this paper introduces a dual-layer protection system to ensure secure protection against fault events in the Distribution Systems (DSs), particularly in light of communication failures. The initial layer uses the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), the estimates of the amplitude voltages, and the zero-sequence grid voltage components, functioning as a fault sensor, to formulate an adaptive algorithm based on a Finite State Machine (FSM) for the detection and isolation of faults within the grid. This layer primarily relies on communication protocols for effective coordination. A Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) expedites the derivation of the estimated variables, ensuring fast detection with minimal computational overhead. The second layer uses the behavior of the positive- and negative-sequence components of the grid voltages during fault events to locate and isolate these faults. In the event that the first layer exposes a communication failure, the second layer will automatically be activated to ensure secure protection as it operates, using the local information of the Protective devices (PDs), without the need for communication channels to transmit trip signals between the PDs. The proposed protection system has been assessed using simulations with MATLAB/Simulink and providing experimental results considering an IEEE 9-bus standard radial system. The obtained results confirm the capability of the system for identifying and isolating different types of faults, varying conditions, and modifications to the grid configuration. The results show good behavior of the initial THD-based layer, with fast time responses ranging from 6 to 8.5 ms in all the examined scenarios. In contrast, the sequence-based layer exhibits a protection time response of approximately 150 ms, making it a viable backup option in the event of a communication failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al Hanaineh
- Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Matas
- Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Guerrero
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mostafa Bakkar
- Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Abubakr H, Lashab A, Mohamed TH, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM, Dahab YA. Robust SMC-PSS and AVR design: A grid connected solar concentrated OTEC system application. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295941. [PMID: 38134013 PMCID: PMC10745166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the stability and performance of an offshore solar-concentrated ocean thermal energy conversion system (SC-OTEC) tied to an onshore AC grid. The OTEC is a system where electricity is generated using small temperature differences between the warm surface and deep cold ocean water. Existing control methods for SC-OTEC systems lack coordination, hindering dynamic stability and effective damping for the synchronous generator (SG). These methods struggle to quickly adapt to sudden disturbances and lack the capability to adequately reject or compensate for such disturbances due to complex control constraints and computational demands. To this regard, a control strategy combining sliding mode control (SMC) and a power system stabilizer (PSS) to improve the SC-OTEC dynamic stability and damping features for the SG. Moreover, an auxiliary secondary automatic voltage regulator is assembled with a non-linear exciter system to provide damping features. The proposed PID-PSS and secondary AVR controller gains are adaptively tuned using a modified whale optimization algorithm with the balloon effect modulation. The studied SC-OTEC is tested through MATLAB/Simulink under a severe 3ϕ short-circuit fault, solar radiation variations, and a change in surface seawater temperature as well as changes in local loads. The final findings approved that the proposed control strategy preserves a strong performance and can mimic effectively the proposed SC-OTEC damping compared to the conventional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abubakr
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Faculty of Energy Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Abderezak Lashab
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarek Hassan Mohamed
- Faculty of Energy Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Juan C. Vasquez
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yasser Ahmed Dahab
- College of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Giza Governorate, Egypt
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4
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Al Hanaineh W, Matas J, Guerrero JM. A Comparative Study of Smart THD-Based Fault Protection Techniques for Distribution Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:4874. [PMID: 37430787 DOI: 10.3390/s23104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) leads to more reliable and efficient power delivery for customers. However, the possibility of bi-directional power flow creates new technical problems for protection schemes. This poses a threat to conventional strategies because the relay settings have to be adjusted depending on the network topology and operational mode. As a solution, it is important to develop novel fault protection techniques to ensure reliable protection and avoid unnecessary tripping. In this regard, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be used as a key parameter for evaluating the grid's waveform quality during fault events. This paper presents a comparison between two DS protection strategies that employ THD levels, estimated amplitude voltages, and zero-sequence components as instantaneous indicators during the faults that function as a kind of fault sensor to detect, identify, and isolate faults. The first method uses a Multiple Second Order Generalized Integrator (MSOGI) to obtain the estimated variables, whereas the second method uses a single SOGI for the same purpose (SOGI-THD). Both methods rely on communication lines between protective devices (PDs) to facilitate coordinated protection. The effectiveness of these methods is assessed by using simulations in MATLAB/Simulink considering various factors such as different types of faults and DG penetrations, different fault resistances and fault locations in the proposed network. Moreover, the performance of these methods is compared with conventional overcurrent and differential protections. The results show that the SOGI-THD method is highly effective in detecting and isolating faults with a time interval of 6-8.5 ms using only three SOGIs while requiring only 447 processor cycles for execution. In comparison to other protection methods, the SOGI-THD method exhibits a faster response time and a lower computational burden. Furthermore, the SOGI-THD method is robust to harmonic distortion, as it considers pre-existing harmonic content before the fault and avoids interference with the fault detection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al Hanaineh
- Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Matas
- Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Guerrero
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
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5
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Long B, Lu P, Zhan D, Lu X, Rodríguez J, Guerrero JM, Chong KT. Adaptive fuzzy fractional-order sliding-mode control of LCL-interfaced grid-connected converter with reduced-order. ISA Trans 2023; 132:557-572. [PMID: 35778111 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a discrete-time fuzzy fractional-order sliding-mode control (Fuzzy-FOSMC) dual loop current controller for a three-phase LCL-type grid-connected converter (GCC) with reduced order. Conventional sliding-mode control (SMC) has been widely used in GCC due to its robustness to disturbances. However, the chattering in SMC may reduce the tracking performance of the controller, and even lead to system instability. To solve this problem, a Fuzzy-FOSMC controller is proposed in this paper. The introduced fractional-order term can suppress the chattering, and the fractional-order of FOSMC is further adjusted by the fuzzy controller to improve the overall system performance. In addition, the inner loop is implemented by a Fuzzy-FOSMC controller to ensure the tracking of the converter-side current, making the LCL-GCC converter behave like a controllable current source converter with a capacitive-inductive filter, the grid current control problem falls from a third-order to a reduced order system, which solves some difficulties on the design of most controller types. The stability of the two-stage PV system is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - PengJie Lu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Danny Zhan
- School of ENSEA, Institute for Electric Vehicle Driving System and Safety Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Automation Engineering, Institute for Electric Vehicle Driving System and Safety Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - José Rodríguez
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
| | - Josep M Guerrero
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 567, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Suresh V, Janik P, Jasinski M, Guerrero JM, Leonowicz Z. Microgrid energy management using metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Ciurans C, Guerrero JM, Martínez-Mongue I, Dussap CG, Marin de Mas I, Gòdia F. Enhancing control systems of higher plant culture chambers via multilevel structural mechanistic modelling. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:970410. [PMID: 36340344 PMCID: PMC9632494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Modelling higher plant growth is of strategic interest for modern agriculture as well as for the development of bioregenerative life support systems for space applications, where crop growth is expected to play an essential role. The capability of constraint-based metabolic models to cope the diel dynamics of plants growth is integrated into a multilevel modelling approach including mass and energy transfer and enzyme kinetics. Lactuca sativa is used as an exemplary crop to validate, with experimental data, the approach presented as well as to design a novel model-based predictive control strategy embedding metabolic information. The proposed modelling strategy predicts with high accuracy the dynamics of gas exchange and the distribution of fluxes in the metabolic network whereas the control architecture presented can be useful to manage higher plants chambers and open new ways of merging metabolome and control algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ciurans
- Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) Pilot Plant-Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Claude G. Dussap
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Marin de Mas
- AAU Energy, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Sustainability, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) Pilot Plant-Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Space Studies and Research - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CERES-UAB), Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Arbab-Zavar B, Sharkh SM, Palacios-Garcia EJ, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM. Reducing Detrimental Communication Failure Impacts in Microgrids by Using Deep Learning Techniques. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6006. [PMID: 36015769 PMCID: PMC9416427 DOI: 10.3390/s22166006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A Microgrid (MG), like any other smart and interoperable power system, requires device-to-device (D2D) communication structures in order to function effectively. This communication system, however, is not immune to intentional or unintentional failures. This paper discusses the effects of communication link failures on MG control and management and proposes solutions based on enhancing message content to mitigate their detritus impact. In order to achieve this goal, generation and consumption forecasting using deep learning (DL) methods at the next time steps is used. The architecture of an energy management system (EMS) and an energy storage system (ESS) that are able to operate in coordination is introduced and evaluated by simulation tests, which show promising results and illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methods. It is important to mention that, in this paper, three dissimilar topics namely MG control/management, DL-based forecasting, and D2D communication architectures are employed and this combination is proven to be capable of achieving the aforesaid objective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleiman M. Sharkh
- Faculty of Engineering and the Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, ELECTA, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8310, BE-3600 Genk, Belgium
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9
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Yu A, Wang C, Guo X, Li Z, Zhang C, Guerrero JM. New Rotor Position Redundancy Decoding Method Based on Resolver Decoder. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:mi13060903. [PMID: 35744516 PMCID: PMC9231128 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In view of the frequent safety problems of electric vehicles, the research on accurately obtaining the rotor position of the motor through the resolver is an important means to improve the functional safety of the system. The commonly used resolver decoding method involves the resolver decoding chip method and software decoding method, but few studies integrate the two decoding methods. A single method of motor rotor position acquisition cannot meet the requirements of system functional safety. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a method to simultaneously integrate hardware decoding and software decoding in the motor control system. The decoding chip and software decoding obtain the angle data at the same time, and they provide redundancy to improve the functional safety of the electronic control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed simultaneous operation of hardware decoding and software decoding is verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbo Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China; (A.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China; (A.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China; (A.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China; (A.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China; (A.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Rai K, Hojatpanah F, Ajaei FB, Guerrero JM, Grolinger K. Deep learning for high-impedance fault detection and classification: transformer-CNN. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Alhasnawi BN, Jasim BH, Rahman ZASA, Guerrero JM, Esteban MD. A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid including Renewable Energy Resources. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18158146. [PMID: 34360439 PMCID: PMC8346019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) in distribution networks forms the Networked Renewable Energy Resources (NRERs). The cooperative Peer-to-Peer (P2P) control architecture is able to fully exploit the resilience and flexibility of NRERs. This study proposes a multi-agent system to achieve P2P control of NRERs based Internet of Things (IoT). The control system is fully distributed and contains two control layers operated in the agent of each RER. For primary control, a droop control is adopted by each RER-agent for localized power sharing. For secondary control, a distributed diffusion algorithm is proposed for arbitrary power sharing among RERs. The proposed levels communication system is implemented to explain the data exchange between the distribution network system and the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes the Internet Protocol (IP)/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for the global communication level. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated by numerical simulation with the modified IEEE 9 node test feeder. The controller proposed in this paper achieved savings of 20.65% for the system, 25.99% for photovoltaic, 35.52 for diesel generator, 24.59 for batteries, and 52.34% for power loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Naji Alhasnawi
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (B.H.J.); (Z.-A.S.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.A.); (M.D.E.); Tel.: +964-7809-0985 (B.N.A.)
| | - Basil H. Jasim
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (B.H.J.); (Z.-A.S.A.R.)
| | - Zain-Aldeen S. A. Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (B.H.J.); (Z.-A.S.A.R.)
- Department of Electrical Techniques, Qurna Technique Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra 61016, Iraq
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - M. Dolores Esteban
- Civil Engineering Department, Hydraulics, Energy and Environment/Profesor Aranguren 3, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.N.A.); (M.D.E.); Tel.: +964-7809-0985 (B.N.A.)
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12
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Naderipour A, Abdul-Malek Z, Mustafa MWB, Guerrero JM. A multi-objective artificial electric field optimization algorithm for allocation of wind turbines in distribution systems. Appl Soft Comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Naderipour A, Abdul-Malek Z, Ramachandaramurthy VK, Miveh MR, Moghaddam MJH, Guerrero JM. Optimal SSSC-based power damping inter-area oscillations using firefly and harmony search algorithms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12176. [PMID: 32699210 PMCID: PMC7376114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) can add a series reactance to the transmission line, and when it is fed using auxiliary signals, it can participate in damping inter-area oscillations by changing the series reactance. In this paper, the effect of the SSSC on small-signal stability is investigated. The design of a controller for damping oscillations is designed and discussed. Moreover, using the firefly and the harmony search algorithms, the optimal parameters controlling SSSC are addressed. The effectiveness of these two algorithms and the rate of SSSC participation in damping inter-area oscillation are also discussed. MATLAB software was used to analyse the models and to perform simulations in the time domain. The simulation results on the sample system, in two areas, indicated the optimal accuracy and precision of the proposed controller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Naderipour
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Electrical - Electronic Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.,Institute of High Voltage & High Current, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
- Institute of High Voltage & High Current, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Vigna K Ramachandaramurthy
- Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Reza Miveh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh University, 39518-79611, Tafresh, Iran
| | | | - Josep M Guerrero
- Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Alboorg, Denmark
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14
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Naderipour A, Asuhaimi Mohd Zin A, Bin Habibuddin MH, Miveh MR, Guerrero JM. An improved synchronous reference frame current control strategy for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0164856. [PMID: 28192436 PMCID: PMC5305230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, renewable energy sources have been considered the most encouraging resources for grid and off-grid power generation. This paper presents an improved current control strategy for a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter (GCI) under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. It is challenging to suppress the harmonic content in the output current below a pre-set value in the GCI. It is also difficult to compensate for unbalanced loads even when the grid is under disruption due to total harmonic distortion (THD) and unbalanced loads. The primary advantage and objective of this method is to effectively compensate for the harmonic current content of the grid current and microgrid without the use of any compensation devices, such as active and passive filters. This method leads to a very low THD in both the GCI currents and the current exchanged with the grid. The control approach is designed to control the active and reactive power and harmonic current compensation, and it also corrects the system unbalance. The proposed control method features the synchronous reference frame (SRF) method. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Naderipour
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Miveh
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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Muñoz-Sánchez MÁ, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Egea-Guerrero JJ, Gordillo-Escobar E, Vilches-Arenas Á, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Murillo-Cabezas F. Urotensinergic system genes in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Med Intensiva 2017; 41:468-474. [PMID: 28081921 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH. DESIGN An experimental study was carried out. SETTING Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain). PARTICIPANTS 96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals. INTERVENTIONS Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100μl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT. RESULTS Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62pg/mL [IQR 0.36-1.08]) to day 5 (0.74pg/mL [IQR 0.39-1.43]) (p<0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56pg/mL [IQR 0.06-0.83] day 1; 0.37pg/mL [IQR 0.23-0.62] day 5; p=0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p<0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC=0.691), URP mRNA (AUC=0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC=0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56pg/mL (IQR 0.06-0.83). CONCLUSION The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Peptide Hormones/biosynthesis
- Peptide Hormones/blood
- Peptide Hormones/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- ROC Curve
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/blood
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/genetics
- Urotensins/biosynthesis
- Urotensins/blood
- Urotensins/genetics
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
- Vasospasm, Intracranial/etiology
- Vasospasm, Intracranial/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Á Muñoz-Sánchez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J J Egea-Guerrero
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Gordillo-Escobar
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Á Vilches-Arenas
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica Médica, Biología molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica Médica, Biología molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - F Murillo-Cabezas
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Garcia-Marin R, Fernandez-Santos JM, Morillo-Bernal J, Gordillo-Martinez F, Vazquez-Roman V, Utrilla JC, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Martin-Lacave I. Melatonin in the thyroid gland: regulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone and role in thyroglobulin gene expression. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:643-652. [PMID: 26579570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine with multiple functions in both plant and animal species. In addition to data in literature describing many other important roles for melatonin, such as antioxidant, circadian rhythm controlling, anti-aging, antiproliferative or immunomodulatory activities, our group recently reported that thyroid C-cells synthesize melatonin and suggested a paracrine role for this molecule in the regulation of thyroid activity. To discern the role played by melatonin at thyroid level and its involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, in the present study we have analyzed the effect of thyrotropin in the regulation of the enzymatic machinery for melatonin biosynthesis in C cells as well as the effect of melatonin in the regulation of thyroid hormone biosynthesis in thyrocytes. Our results show that the key enzymes for melatonin biosynthesis (AANAT and ASMT) are regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin increases thyroglobulin expression at mRNA and protein levels on cultured thyrocytes and this effect is not strictly mediated by the upregulation of TTF1 or, noteworthy, PAX8 transcription factors. The present data show that thyroid C-cells synthesize melatonin under thyroid-stimulating hormone control and, consistently with previous data, support the hypothesis of a paracrine role for C-cell-synthesised melatonin within the thyroid gland. Additionally, in the present study we show evidence for the involvement of melatonin in thyroid function by directly-regulating thyroglobulin gene expression in follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garcia-Marin
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - J M Fernandez-Santos
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - J Morillo-Bernal
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - F Gordillo-Martinez
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - V Vazquez-Roman
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - J C Utrilla
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain
| | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Laboratory of Molecular NeuroImmunoEndocrinology, Seville, Spain
| | - J M Guerrero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Laboratory of Molecular NeuroImmunoEndocrinology, Seville, Spain
| | - I Martin-Lacave
- University of Seville, School of Medicine, Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Seville, Spain.
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Guerrero JM, Martínez-Tomás R, Rincón M, Peraita H. Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment Compatible with Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. A Bayesian Network Model based on the Analysis of Oral Definitions of Semantic Categories. Methods Inf Med 2015; 55:42-9. [PMID: 25925692 DOI: 10.3414/me14-01-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the principal focuses of research in medicine, particularly when the disease is incipient or even prodromic, because treatments are more effective in these stages. Lexical-semantic-conceptual deficit (LSCD) in the oral definitions of semantic categories for basic objects is an important early indicator in the evaluation of the cognitive state of patients. OBJECTIVES The objective of this research is to define an economic procedure for cognitive impairment (CI) diagnosis, which may be associated with early stages of AD, by analysing cognitive alterations affecting declarative semantic memory. Because of its low cost, it could be used for routine clinical evaluations or screenings, leading to more expensive and selective tests that confirm or rule out the disease accurately. It should necessarily be an explanatory procedure, which would allow us to study the evolution of the disease in relation to CI, the irregularities in different semantic categories, and other neurodegenerative diseases. On the basis of these requirements, we hypothesise that Bayesian networks (BNs) are the most appropriate tool for this purpose. METHODS We have developed a BN for CI diagnosis in mild and moderate AD patients by analysing the oral production of semantic features. The BN causal model represents LSCD in certain semantic categories, both of living things (dog, pine, and apple) and non-living things (chair, car, and trousers), as symptoms of CI. The model structure, the qualitative part of the model, uses domain knowledge obtained from psychology experts and epidemiological studies. Further, the model parameters, the quantitative part of the model, are learnt automatically from epidemiological studies and Peraita and Grasso's linguistic corpus of oral definitions. This corpus was prepared with an incidental sampling and included the analysis of the oral linguistic production of 81 participants (42 cognitively healthy elderly people and 39 mild and moderate AD patients) from Madrid region's hospitals. Experienced neurologists diagnosed these cases following the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA)'s Alzheimer's criteria, performing, among other explorations and tests, a minimum neuropsychological exploration that included the Mini-Mental State Examination test. RESULTS BN's classification performance is remarkable compared with other machine learning methods, achieving 91% accuracy and 94% precision in mild and moderate AD patients. Apart from this, the BN model facilitates the explanation of the reasoning process and the validation of the conclusions and allows the study of uncommon declarative semantic memory impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our method is able to analyse LSCD in a wide set of semantic categories throughout the progression of CI, being a valuable first screening method in AD diagnosis in its early stages. Because of its low cost, it can be used for routine clinical evaluations or screenings to detect AD in its early stages. Besides, due to its knowledge-based structure, it can be easily extended to provide an explanation of the diagnosis and to the study of other neurodegenerative diseases. Further, this is a key advantage of BNs over other machine learning methods with similar performance: it is a recognisable and explanatory model that allows one to study irregularities in different semantic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Martínez-Tomás
- Rafael Martínez-Tomás, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Calle Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain, E-mail:
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Lardone PJ, Alvarez-Sanchez SN, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin and glucose metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:4841-53. [PMID: 24251676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612819666131119101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of melatonin in glucose homeostasis is an active area of investigation. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a link between disturbances in melatonin production and impaired insulin, glucose, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, melatonin has been found to influence insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro, and night-time melatonin levels are related to night-time insulin concentrations in patients with diabetes. In several recent studies, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the human melatonin receptor 1B has been described as being causally linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data suggest that endogenous as well as exogenous melatonin may play a role in diabetes and associated metabolic disturbances not only by regulating insulin secretion but also by providing protection against reactive oxygen species, considering pancreatic β-cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because they possess only low-antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital /CSIC/University of Seville. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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19
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Romeo J, Pajares G, Montalvo M, Guerrero JM, Guijarro M, Ribeiro A. Crop row detection in maize fields inspired on the human visual perception. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:484390. [PMID: 22623899 PMCID: PMC3353495 DOI: 10.1100/2012/484390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new method, oriented to image real-time processing, for identifying crop rows in maize fields in the images. The vision system is designed to be installed onboard a mobile agricultural vehicle, that is, submitted to gyros, vibrations, and undesired movements. The images are captured under image perspective, being affected by the above undesired effects. The image processing consists of two main processes: image segmentation and crop row detection. The first one applies a threshold to separate green plants or pixels (crops and weeds) from the rest (soil, stones, and others). It is based on a fuzzy clustering process, which allows obtaining the threshold to be applied during the normal operation process. The crop row detection applies a method based on image perspective projection that searches for maximum accumulation of segmented green pixels along straight alignments. They determine the expected crop lines in the images. The method is robust enough to work under the above-mentioned undesired effects. It is favorably compared against the well-tested Hough transformation for line detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Romeo
- Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Informatics, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Noval-Padillo JA, León-Justel A, Mellado-Miras P, Porras-Lopez F, Villegas-Duque D, Gomez-Bravo MA, Guerrero JM. Introduction of fibrinogen in the treatment of hemostatic disorders during orthotopic liver transplantation: implications in the use of allogenic blood. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:2973-4. [PMID: 20970586 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) requires a large amount of blood-derived resources. The indications for their availability in the surgery area is based on empirical protocols. The implementation of point-of-care apparatuses gives rise to the detection of hemostatic alterations due to functional deficits of fibrinogen. METHODS To monitor coagulation disorders and other biochemical parameters, we used thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and a MovlLab® unit, respectively. We evaluated the stability and firmness of the clot based on fibrin (FibTem test). The measurements were performed during all of the liver transplant stages: baseline, anhepatic, and reperfusion. Fibrinogen (hemocompletan) was administered to achieve maximum clot firmness, based on patient weight and the existence of surgical bleeding. This pilot cohort of 20 transplant patients (group B) compared outcomes with the 59 patients from the previous year (group A). RESULTS Haemocompletan was administered to 45% of the 20 patients. The ratio of red blood cell components per patient diminished from 8.4 to 3.9 (53% reduction) and, fresh frozen plasma from 5.6 to 1.9 (65% reduction). Transfusions of platelet concentrates decreased by 50% with a ratio of 1.5-0.7 per patient. Likewise, 20% of transplant patients received no transfusions of blood products compared with 3.5% in the previous period. CONCLUSION The incorporation of fibrinogen into the treatment of hemostatic disorders in OLT leads to a reduced use of allogenic blood products. We observed reduced number of patients who received transfusions, while those who underwent transfusion did so to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Noval-Padillo
- Departament of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Virgen del Rocío Universtity Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, Sevilla, Spain
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21
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Cabrera-Alarcon JL, Carrillo-Vico A, Santotoribio JD, Leon-Justel A, Sanchez-Gil R, Gonzalez-Castro A, Guerrero JM. CYFRA 21-1 as a tool for distant metastasis detection in lung cancer. Clin Lab 2011; 57:1011-1014. [PMID: 22239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study to analyse tumor markers (CEA, CA125, CA15.3, CA19.9, CYFRA 21-1, and NSE) for metastasis detection in lung cancer patients. METHODS Serum tumor markers from 73 lung cancer patients were measured before they were diagnosed. After lung cancer diagnosis, tumor markers were analyzed for the detection of distant metastases. RESULTS In NSCLC patients CYFRA 21-1 and NSE showed differences between stage IV and any of the other stages, p < 0.05. The accuracy for metastasis detection was AUC = 81.5 % for CYFRA 21-1 and AUC = 78.6 % for < 0.05) were independent predictors for metastasis presence. No tumor marker showed significant differences according to stages in SCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS CYFRA 21-1 could be used as a screening tool for metastasis detection in lung cancer patients without symptoms of metastasis as well as CYFRA 21-1 and NSE in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Cabrera-Alarcon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville, Avenida Manuel Siurot, Seville, Spain
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Santotoribio JD, León-Justel A, Delgado-Pecellín C, Guerrero JM. What are the biochemical parameters of pleural fluid that best identify parapneumonic effusions? Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:176-7. [PMID: 19151166 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2008.008198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Naranjo MC, Guerrero JM, Rubio A, Lardone PJ, Carrillo-Vico A, Carrascosa-Salmoral MP, Jiménez-Jorge S, Arellano MV, Leal-Noval SR, Leal M, Lissen E, Molinero P. Melatonin biosynthesis in the thymus of humans and rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007; 64:781-90. [PMID: 17334663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-6435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine widely distributed in the evolution that shows a great functional versatility, playing an important role as a transmitter of photoperiodic information and exhibiting antioxidant, oncostatic, anti-aging and immunomodulatory properties. In vertebrates, this molecule is produced by the pineal gland and other extrapineal sites. The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of melatonin in thymus and the possibility of an endogenous melatonin synthesis in this organ, in which T cells are matured. In this work, we demonstrate in humans and rats that thymus contains melatonin, expresses the mRNAs encoding N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindol-O-methyltransferase, the two key enzymes of the melatonin synthesis, and has this biosynthetic machinery activated. In addition, rat thymocytes cultured for 24 h exhibited high levels of melatonin. The results presented here suggest that human and rat thymuses are able to synthesize melatonin, which could have intracrine, autocrine and paracrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Naranjo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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Guerrero JM, Berbel N, Matas J, de Vicuna LG, Miret J. Decentralized Control for Parallel Operation of Distributed Generation Inverters in Microgrids Using Resistive Output Impedance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/iecon.2006.347859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De Miguel M, Fernández-Santos JM, Utrilla JC, Carrillo-Vico A, Borrero J, Conde E, Guerrero JM, Martín-Lacave I. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in thyroid follicular cells: a new paracrine role of C-cells? Histol Histopathol 2005; 20:713-8. [PMID: 15944919 DOI: 10.14670/hh-20.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesized in the hypothalamus has the capability of inducing the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary, which in turn stimulates the production of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. Immunoreactivity for TRH and TRH-like peptides has been found in some tissues outside the nervous system, including thyroid. It has been demonstrated that thyroid C-cells express authentic TRH, affecting thyroid hormone secretion by follicular cells. Therefore, C-cells could have a paracrine role in thyroid homeostasis. If this hypothesis is true, follicular cells should express TRH receptors (TRH-Rs) for the paracrine modulation carried out by C-cells. In order to elucidate whether or not C-cell TRH production could act over follicular cells modulating thyroid function, we studied TRH-Rs expression in PC C13 follicular cells from rat thyroid, by means of immunofluorescence technique and RT-PCR analysis. We also investigated the possibility that C-cells present TRH-Rs for the autocrine control of its own TRH production. Our results showed consistent expression for both receptors, TRH-R1 and TRH-R2, in 6-23 C-cells, and only for TRH-R2 in PC C13 follicular cells. Our data provide new evidence for a novel intrathyroidal regulatory pathway of thyroid hormone secretion via paracrine/autocrine TRH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Miguel
- Departament of Normal and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Carrillo-Vico A, García-Pergañeda A, Naji L, Calvo JR, Romero MP, Guerrero JM. Expression of membrane and nuclear melatonin receptor mRNA and protein in the mouse immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003; 60:2272-8. [PMID: 14618273 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurohormone melatonin plays a fundamental role in neuroimmunomodulation of several mammalian species, including mice. This effect is supported by the existence of specific melatonin-binding sites in murine immunocompetent organs. Moreover, using melatonin receptor analogues, several effects of the neurohormone on mice physiology through its membrane and nuclear receptors have been described. The expression of these receptors has never been studied, despite indirect evidence showing the presence of melatonin receptor in the murine immune system. At present, the MT1 and MT2 membrane receptors, and nuclear receptors belonging to the RZR/ROR family have been related to the immunomodulator effect of melatonin. Here, we show the presence of membrane and nuclear melatonin-binding sites in mouse thymus and spleen, using the specific melatonin membrane (S 20098) and nuclear (CGP 52608) receptor agonist. To confirm the presence of melatonin receptors, we analyzed the presence of membrane and nuclear receptor mRNA and protein by RT-PCR, Southern blot, and Western blot. Thus, we show that MT1 and RORalpha receptor mRNA and protein are expressed in both thymus and spleen, while MT2 receptor mRNA is only detected in the thymus. This expression of melatonin receptors strongly supports the idea of an immunomodulatory role of melatonin through its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrillo-Vico
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Guerrero JM, Cogen MS, Kelly DR, Wiatrak BJ. Proboscis lateralis. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119:1071-4. [PMID: 11448332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Guerrero JM, Pozo D, García-Mauriño S, Osuna C, Molinero P, Calvo JR. Involvement of nuclear receptors in the enhanced IL-2 production by melatonin in Jurkat cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 917:397-403. [PMID: 11268366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report shows that melatonin enhances IL-2 production by Jurkat cells via a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism. Jurkat cells express nuclear (RZR alpha, ROR alpha 1, and ROR alpha 2) and membrane (mt1) melatonin receptors, and melatonin binds to Jurkat nuclei and membranes with the same affinity described for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Melatonin enhances IL-2 production by Jurkat cells activated by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PHA activation of Jurkat cells does not change the profile of melatonin receptor expression; on the contrary, PMA activation negatively regulates the mt1 receptor. In the absence of the membrane receptor, melatonin still activates the IL-2 production. These results show that the expression of the nuclear melatonin receptor is sufficient for melatonin to activate IL-2 production by Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guerrero
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain.
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Pozo D, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Postnatal development of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-effector system in rat immunocompetent cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 921:357-61. [PMID: 11193852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, E-41009, Sevilla, Spain
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García-Mauriño S, Pozo D, Calvo JR, Guerrero JM. Correlation between nuclear melatonin receptor expression and enhanced cytokine production in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines. J Pineal Res 2000; 29:129-37. [PMID: 11034109 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2000.290301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The report shows that melatonin enhances IL-2 and IL-6 production by two human lymphocytic (Jurkat) and monocytic (U937) cell lines via a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism. Jurkat cells express nuclear (RZRalpha, RORalpha1 and RORalpha2) and membrane (mt1) melatonin receptors, and melatonin binds to Jurkat nuclei and membranes with the same affinity described for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Melatonin enhances IL-2 production by Jurkat cells activated by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PHA activation of Jurkat cells does not change the profile of melatonin receptor expression; on the contrary, PMA activation negatively regulates the mtl receptor. In the absence of the membrane receptor, melatonin still activates IL-2 production. U937 cells express only the mtl receptor. Although melatonin binds to both U937 nuclei and membranes, CGP 52608, a ligand of the nuclear receptor for melatonin, does not inhibit melatonin binding to U937 nuclei, suggesting that a protein other than the RZR/RORalpha receptor was involved in the process. In U937 cells, melatonin did not modify basal production of IL-6 or when activated by PMA plus LPS (lipopolysaccharide), a treatment that downregulates the expression of the mtl receptor. However, in U937 cells activated with IFN-gamma, which induces the expression of the RORgamma1 and RORalpha2 nuclear receptors and represses the expression of the mt1 receptor, melatonin can activate IL-6 production. These results show that the expression of nuclear melatonin receptor is sufficient for melatonin to activate cytokine production in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S García-Mauriño
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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Clavijo E, Sánchez MA, Anguita A, Viciana I, García A, Guerrero JM, Pinedo A. [Temporal evolution of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population cared for in a hospital in Málaga]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2000; 18:310-3. [PMID: 11109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have studied the incidence of tuberculosis++ disease, HIV infection and their association during a period of 6 years using samples analysed in a third level hospital laboratory. MATERIAL AND METHOD 21,242 samples for mycobacteria and 63,425 for HIV antibodies were analysed between 1993 and 1998. The protocol used for mycobacteria consisted of Lowenstein-Jensen, hemoculture, biochemical tests for identification and DNA probe. The diagnosis of HIV was performed using screening with mix EIA HIV 1 + 2, confirmed with Western-blot. Spearman coefficient correlation was used for study of tendency. RESULTS 1,613 samples (7.5%) positive for mycobacteria from 566 patients (98 females and 428 males) aging between 31 and 40 years (46.9%) were detected. The highest incidence for tuberculosis was observed in 1995 (49.2 x 10(5) and was followed by a decreasing linear tendency. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (96%) and M. bovis (2.7%) were most frequent agents. 2,295 samples (3.6%) showed anti-HIV (406 females and 1,889 males). 54.1% of the infected patients belonged to the age interval 21 to 40 years. The highest incidence was observed in 1994 and was followed by a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients co-infected with tuberculosis-HIV was 39.7% with a maximum in 1995 followed by a linear decrease. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of both infections and co-infection was very high in the first triennium and was followed by a progressive decrease. The decrease of HIV preceded tuberculosis. The result suggest a possible epidemiological correlation between both infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clavijo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga
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Abstract
Few studies have been performed to evaluate the ultrastructural changes that exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) can cause to the processes of cell migration and differentiation in the cerebellum during development. Thus, we have studied the development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo (n = 144) under a uniform SMF (20 mT). All of our observations were done on folium VIc of Larsell's classification. The cerebella of chick embryos, which were exposed solely on day 6 of incubation and sacrificed at day 13 of incubation [short exposure (S)1; n = 24], showed an external granular layer (EGL) that was less dense than the EGL in the control group (n = 24). The molecular layer (ML) exhibited a low number of migratory neuroblastic elements. Moreover, the internal granular layer (IGL) was immature, with the cellular elements less abundant and more dispersed than in controls. In chick embryos exposed on day 6 of incubation and sacrificed at day 17 (S2; n = 24), the outstanding feature was the regeneration of the different layers of the cerebellar cortex. The cerebellar cortex of chick embryos exposed continuously to an identical field from the beginning of the incubation up to day 13 [long exposure (L)1; n = 24] or day 17 (L2; n = 24) of incubation showed a higher number of alterations than that of group S1. Electron microscopy confirmed the findings from light microscopy and, at the same time, showed clear signs of cell degeneration and delay in the process of neuronal differentiation. This was more apparent in groups L1 (100%) and L2 (100%) than in groups S1 (95.4%) and S2 (65.2%). In conclusion, the present study showed that SMF can induce irreversible developmental effects on the processes of cell migration and differentiation of the chick cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinar
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Institute of Developmental Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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Guerrero JM, Pozo D, García-Mauriño S, Carrillo A, Osuna C, Molinero P, Calvo JR. Nuclear receptors are involved in the enhanced IL-6 production by melatonin in U937 cells. Biol Signals Recept 2000; 9:197-202. [PMID: 10899704 DOI: 10.1159/000014639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report shows that melatonin enhances IL-6 production by U937 cells via a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism. Resting U937 cells only express membrane (mt1) melatonin receptors. In these cells, melatonin did not modify basal production of IL-6 or when activated by PMA plus lipopolysaccharide, a treatment that downregulates the expression of mt1 receptor. However, in U937 cells activated with IFN-gamma, which induces the expression of the ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 2 nuclear receptors and represses the expression of the mt1 receptor, melatonin can activate IL-6 production. These results show that the expression of nuclear melatonin receptor but not membrane receptors is sufficient for melatonin to activate cytokine production in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guerrero
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, The University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville, Spain.
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35
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Hoyos M, Guerrero JM, Perez-Cano R, Olivan J, Fabiani F, Garcia-Pergañeda A, Osuna C. Serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation are decreased by melatonin in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. J Pineal Res 2000; 28:150-5. [PMID: 10739301 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.280304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin, at pharmacological doses, on serum lipids of rats fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet. Therefore, different groups of animals were fed with either the regular Sanders Chow diet or a diet enriched in cholesterol. Moreover, animals were treated with or without melatonin in the drinking water for 3 months. We show that melatonin treatment did not affect the levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in rats fed with a regular diet. However, the increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet was reduced significantly by melatonin administration. On the other hand, melatonin administration prevented the decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol induced by the same diet. No differences in the levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides were found. We also found that melatonin administration slightly decreased serum uric, bilirubin and increased serum glucose levels. Other biochemical parameters, including total proteins, creatinine, urea, phosphorus, calcium, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), acetyl cholinesterase (AcCho), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were not modified by melatonin treatment. Finally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied in membranes of liver, brain, spleen, and heart as an index of membrane oxidative damage. Results show that hypercholesterolemic diet did not modify the LPO status in any of the tissues studied. However, chronic melatonin administration significantly decreased LPO. Results confirm that melatonin participates in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and in the prevention of oxidative damage to membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoyos
- Department of Medicine, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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Abstract
The mechanism of the ototoxicity caused by cisplatin is based in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which interferes with the antioxidant protection of the organ of Corti. Conversely, the protection of the cochlea with antioxidants ameliorates the ototoxicity by cisplatin. The ototoxicity produced by cisplatin can be reversible or persistent, depending on the age of the patient, cumulative doses, number of chemotherapy cycles, history of noise exposure, and deteriorating renal function. We have obtained in rats an ototoxic chart utilizing cisplatin (10 mg/kg body weight injected intraperitoneally, once only). Together with this treatment, the animals were treated with melatonin in the drinking water (10 mg/L) or injected subcutaneously (250 microg), and with an antioxidant mixture, injected subcutaneously, composed of 0.25 mg alpha-tocopherol acid succinate, 3 mg ascorbic acid, 1 mg glutathione, and 60 mg N-acetylcysteine. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions were determined for a prolonged period of time for each animal. The ototoxicity produced by cisplatin was maximal from days 7 to 10 post-treatment, returning to normal values in a month. When melatonin and the antioxidant mixture were present, the recovery was between days 10 and 15 post-treatment, independent of the means of administration of the pineal product. We conclude that the ototoxicity caused by cisplatin is ameliorated by melatonin and other antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lopez-Gonzalez
- Unit of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Virgen del Rocio University Infantile Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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38
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Espinar A, García-Oliva A, Isorna EM, Quesada A, Prada FA, Guerrero JM. Neuroprotection by melatonin from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity during development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo. J Pineal Res 2000; 28:81-8. [PMID: 10709969 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.280203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the ability of melatonin to prevent cell damage in the cerebellar cortex of chick embryo caused by glutamate administration. Cell injury was evaluated estimating, at ultrastructural level, the phenomenon of cell death and the synaptogenesis of the Purkinje cells and the cerebellar glomerular synaptic complex. Administration of glutamate during cerebellar development of the chick provokes excitotoxic neuronal degeneration characterized by a phenomenon of neuronal cell death that exhibits essentially the features of a death pattern described as necrosis and the deletion of synaptogenic processes. Our results show that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. This effect is morphologically revealed by the lack of neural cell death in the embryos treated with melatonin prior to glutamate injection and also by the degree of a synaptogenesis similar to that exhibited by the control group. Likewise, we corroborate the absence of teratological effects of melatonin on chick cerebellar development. Although the possible mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of melatonin are discussed, i.e., direct antioxidant effects, up-regulating endogenous antioxidant defenses, and inhibiting nitric oxide formation activated by glutamate, further studies are required to establish the actual mechanism involved in the neuroprotective effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinar
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Spain
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Molinero P, Soutto M, Benot S, Hmadcha A, Guerrero JM. Melatonin is responsible for the nocturnal increase observed in serum and thymus of thymosin alpha1 and thymulin concentrations: observations in rats and humans. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 103:180-8. [PMID: 10696913 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows that melatonin regulates both thymosin alpha1 and thymulin production as well as the expression of the prothymosin alpha gene. The results revealed the following facts: (a) The concentrations of thymosin alpha1 in both serum and thymus of rat showed a nyctohemeral profile with peak values late at night and basal values during the day. The concentrations of thymulin in rat serum also showed a 24-h rhythm with an increase in their values at night. This rhythmical character for thymosin alpha1, and thymulin was also found in the human serum. (b) Rats injected with melatonin during the day exhibited a significant increase in the concentrations of both peptides. Moreover, continuous light exposure on the animals at daytime and pinealectomy cause a decrease in thymosin a1 and thymulin concentrations with regards to those found in control rats. (c) Melatonin regulates the expression of the prothymosin alpha gene, analyzed by Northern blot. These results suggest that melatonin may be involved in the regulation of immune functions by increasing the thymic peptides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Molinero
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Sevilla School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Avda Sánchez Pizjuán, Spain.
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40
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Pozo D, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Functional and molecular characterization of VIP receptor--effector system in rat developing immunocompetent cells: G protein involvement. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 103:41-50. [PMID: 10674988 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the functional characteristics for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor-effector system were evaluated in rat developing immunocompetent cells (from 1-week-old animals up to 12-week-old animals). These characteristics include [125I]VIP binding studies, cell cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation, analysis of [125I]VIP-receptor complexes by cross-linking experiments, as well as developed-associated G proteins assayed by cholera and pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation and Western blot. The Scatchard analysis of binding data was consistent with the existence of two classes of VIP binding sites with K(d) values unaltered and B(max) increased during postnatal development. The efficiency of VIP stimulation of cAMP generation increased from 1-week-old rats to adult conditions. The VIP-receptor complex apparent molecular mass (52-55 kDa) remains unaltered, but it was significantly lower in 2-week-old than in 8-week-old rats. ADP-ribosylated material by cholera toxin (CTx) was higher from 8-week-old than from 2-week-old animals, while ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin (PTx) was quantitatively higher in 8-week-old rats. Results were confirmed when immunoblots for different G protein subunits were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine, Sevilla, Spain
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41
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Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Guerrero JM, Torronteras R, Osuna C, Delgado F. Ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides is ameliorated by melatonin without interfering with the antibiotic capacity of the drugs. J Pineal Res 2000; 28:26-33. [PMID: 10626598 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2000.280104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of free radicals seems to be involved in the mechanisms of ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides produce ototoxicity, which can be determined through distortion product otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) that measure the activity of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. An ototoxic chart was obtained in rats using gentamicin or tobramycin. Together with this treatment, the animals ingested melatonin in the drinking water, or melatonin was injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The distortion product OAEs were determined over a prolonged period of time for each of the groups. The effect of melatonin on the antibiotic capacity of the aminoglycosides used was also studied. Antibiograms inoculated with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and treated with gentamicin or tobramycin in the presence or absence of melatonin at quantities from pharmacological to physiological doses were performed. The ototoxicity produced by gentamicin and tobramycin was maximal from days 3 to 5 post-treatment, returning to normal values in 2 wk. When melatonin was present, the recovery was at day 5 post-treatment, independently of the means of administration of the pineal product. The antibiograms showed that melatonin had no effect on the antibiotic capacity. It is concluded that the ototoxicity caused by gentamicin and tobramycin is ameliorated by melatonin and that the pineal hormone does not interfere with the antibiotic capacity of these antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lopez-Gonzalez
- Unit of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Virgen del Rocio University Infantile Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pozo
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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43
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Pozo D, Segura JJ, Jiménez-Rubio A, García-Pergañeda A, Bettahi I, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Identification of G-protein coupled receptor subunits in normal human dental pulp. J Endod 2000; 26:16-9. [PMID: 11194358 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200001000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To respond appropriately to their environment, dental pulp cells must integrate informational input from multiple ligands, such as neuropeptides, growth factors, and vasoactive amines. These ligands act through multiple intracellular signaling pathways. G-protein coupled receptor subunits play a major role in this process, providing a mechanism for coordinated regulation of both messengers and effectors. Increasing number of neuropeptides have been found in pulpal tissue. However, there is no data about molecular identification of G-protein subunits in human dental pulp. To identify the postreceptor mechanism involved in dental pulp cell signal transduction, we performed a Western blot analysis of different G-protein subunits. Biopsy specimens of human dental pulp were prepared and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by analysis with appropriate antibodies. We detected G alpha q/alpha 11, short and long forms of G alpha s, beta common, Gio-3, and Gil-2 antigens with a molecular weight approximately 42 kDa, 42 and 45 kDa, 36 kDa, 40 kDa, and 40 kDa, respectively. These results indicate that human pulp cells possess the cellular machinery to respond to sensory neuropeptides when they are released from the peptidergic nerve fibers. On this basis, the relationships of postdevelopmental, age-dependent, and pathophysiological disorders of G-proteins subunits in dental pulp could be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuan, 4, 41009 Seville, Spain
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44
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Abstract
Melatonin could act on immune system by regulating cytokine production of immunocompetent cells. The hormone enhances IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 production by cultured human mononuclear cells. As enhancement of IL-6 production is related to monocyte activation by melatonin, the hormone acts on human lymphoid cells causing a Th1-type response. This paper shows that melatonin seems to promote a Th1-response by increasing IL-12 production. The hormone enhances IL-12 production by cultured monocytes under suboptimal stimulation in a dose-dependent way. The effect of the hormone increases when PBMCs are incubated with melatonin before monocyte isolation. Enhanced IL-12 production by melatonin can also be shown in cultured human mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S García-Mauriño
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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45
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Crespo E, Macías M, Pozo D, Escames G, Martín M, Vives F, Guerrero JM, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible NO synthase II in liver and lung and prevents endotoxemia in lipopolysaccharide-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats. FASEB J 1999; 13:1537-46. [PMID: 10463945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of melatonin in endotoxemia caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in unanesthetized rats. The expression of inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the increase in the oxidative stress seem to be responsible for the failure of lungs, liver, and kidneys in endotoxemia. Bacterial LPS (10 mg/kg b. w) was i.v. injected 6 h before rats were killed and melatonin (10-60 mg/kg b.w.) was i.p. injected before and/or after LPS. Endotoxemia was associated with a significant rise in the serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, and uric acid, and hence liver and renal dysfunction. LPS also increased serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and reduced glucose levels. Melatonin administration counteracted these organ and metabolic alterations at doses ranging between 20 and 60 mg/kg b. w. Melatonin significantly decreased lung lipid peroxidation and counteracted the LPS-induced NO levels in lungs and liver. Our results also show an inhibition of iNOS activity in rat lungs by melatonin in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of iNOS mRNA in lungs and liver was significantly decreased by melatonin (60 mg/kg b. w., 58-65%). We conclude that melatonin inhibits NO production mainly by inhibition of iNOS expression. The inhibition of NO levels may account for the protection of the indoleamine against LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crespo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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46
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Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Guerrero JM, Rojas F, Osuna C, Delgado F. Melatonin and other antioxidants prolong the postmortem activity of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti: its relation to the type of death. J Pineal Res 1999; 27:73-7. [PMID: 10496142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1999.tb00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The outer hair cells of the organ of Corti transform sound into electrical signals, beginning the nervous auditive process. These cells produce acoustic emissions when working routinely, known as otoacoustic emissions. Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are recorded from the hearing duct through a probe which incorporates a sound source and a sensitive microphone. On the other hand, the cochlea produces oxygen-derived free radicals and nitric oxide, in addition, melatonin is present in the cochlea. The authors have studied the influence of melatonin or an antioxidant mixture (alpha-tocopherol acid succinate, ascorbic acid, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine) on the postmortem activity of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti of the rat, measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Control rats showed postmortem distortion product otoacoustic emissions for about 2 min when sacrificed by decapitation, and for about 3 min when sacrificed by chloroform inhalation. Melatonin prolonged the postmortem activity 3.5 times when the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, and 7 times when animals were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation. Similar results were obtained with the antioxidant mixture. Results show that melatonin and other antioxidants have, in general, a protective role on the postmortem activity of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lopez-Gonzalez
- Unit of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Virgen del Rocío University Infantile Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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47
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Abstract
This work evaluates whether physiological concentrations of the pineal secretory product melatonin contribute to the total antioxidant status (TAS) of human serum. Day and nighttime serum samples were collected from healthy volunteers ranging from 2 to 89 years of age and used to measure melatonin and TAS. Results showed that both melatonin and TAS in human serum exhibited 24 hr variations with nocturnal peak values at 01:00 hr. Moreover, exposure of volunteers to light at night resulted in clear decreases of both TAS and melatonin. Furthermore, when melatonin was removed from sera collected at night, the TAS value of the sample was reduced to basal daytime values. In aging studies, it was found that nocturnal serum values of TAS and melatonin exhibited maximal values during the first four decades; thereafter, these values decreased as age advanced. In 60-year-old individuals, day/night differences in serum melatonin and TAS levels were clearly diminished, by more than 80%, with these differences being completely abolished in older individuals. Our results suggest that melatonin contributes to the total antioxidative capability of human serum. This antioxidant contribution of melatonin is reduced as age advances correlating with the age-related reduction of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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48
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Abstract
Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, is a potent and efficient endogenous radical scavenger. Thus, melatonin was shown to protect different biomolecules, such as DNA, membrane lipids, and cytosolic proteins, from oxidative damage induced by oxygen-derived free radicals. In order to study the protective role of melatonin in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage, U-937 cells were treated with different concentrations of H2O2, either in the presence or absence of melatonin, and DNA damage was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. Melatonin diminished H2O2-induced micronuclei production both in short and long treatments. Additionally, melatonin concentrations higher than 1 microM were capable of protecting cells from spontaneous micronuclei production. These data suggest that melatonin, an endogenous antioxidant and nontoxic compound, may have an important role in protecting cells from genetic damage due to free radicals, supporting the idea of this hormone as a possible therapeutic agent in preventing aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Romero
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain
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49
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Segura JJ, Jiménez-Rubio A, Pulgar R, Olea N, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. In vitro effect of the resin component bisphenol A on substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. J Endod 1999; 25:341-4. [PMID: 10530258 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was design to investigate the "in vitro" effect of bisphenol A (BPA), a component of resin used in dentistry, on viability, and substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from Wistar rats and resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium. Viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion. As a test of macrophage adhesion, the adherence capacity of macrophages to a plastic surface was determined and the adherence index was calculated. Assays were conducted in Eppendorf tubes for 60 min of incubation at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. BPA did not alter significantly macrophage viability at concentrations as high as 10(-5) M, but BPA decreased in a dose-dependent manner the adherence index of rat peritoneal macrophages. Control peritoneal macrophages showed an adherence index = 81.5 +/- 7.9%. In the presence of 10(-8) M BPA, the Al of macrophages decreased to 41.4 +/- 12.2% (p < 0.05). Higher BPA concentrations (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) also caused a significant inhibition of the adherence index. Half-maximal inhibition (IC50) was obtained at 4.92 +/- 0.39 x 10(-6) M BPA. The in vitro study shows that the resin component BPA can alter macrophage adhesion. Taking into account that adhesion is the first step in the phagocytic process of macrophages and in antigen presentation, BPA could inhibit macrophage function and modulate immune and inflammatory responses in dental pulp and periapical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Segura
- Department of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
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Segura JJ, Jiménez-Rubio A, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Comparative effects of two endodontic irrigants, chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hypochlorite, on macrophage adhesion to plastic surfaces. J Endod 1999; 25:243-6. [PMID: 10425948 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(99)80151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the "in vitro" effect of chlorhexidine digluconate, proposed as a new irrigant solution, with sodium hypochlorite, the currently irrigant solution used to disinfect the root canal system before obturation of the canal, on substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. Inflammatory macrophages were obtained from Wistar rats and resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium. The adherence capacity of macrophages to a plastic surface was determined. Assays were conducted in Eppendorf tubes for 15 min of incubation at 37 degrees C in an humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. The adherence index was calculated. Chlorhexidine digluconate inhibited substrate adherence capacity of macrophages in all conditions tested. Half-maximal inhibition (IC50) was observed at 1:5.6 dilution. Chlorhexidine digluconate was less potent than 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (IC50 = 1:24.1 dilution) in inhibiting substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. Taking into account that substrate adherence is the first step in the phagocytic process of macrophages and in antigen presentation, chlorhexidine digluconate could inhibit macrophage function and modulate inflammatory reactions at the level of inflamed periapical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Segura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, School of Medicine, Spain
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