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Na JH, Park JH, Park W, Feng J, Eun JS, Lee J, Lee SH, Jang J, Kang IM, Kim DK, Bae JH. Dependence of Positive Bias Stress Instability on Threshold Voltage and Its Origin in Solution-Processed Aluminum-Doped Indium Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:466. [PMID: 38470795 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The initial electrical characteristics and bias stabilities of thin-film transistors (TFTs) are vital factors regarding the practical use of electronic devices. In this study, the dependence of positive bias stress (PBS) instability on an initial threshold voltage (VTH) and its origin were analyzed by understanding the roles of slow and fast traps in solution-processed oxide TFTs. To control the initial VTH of oxide TFTs, the indium oxide (InOx) semiconductor was doped with aluminum (Al), which functioned as a carrier suppressor. The concentration of oxygen vacancies decreased as the Al doping concentration increased, causing a positive VTH shift in the InOx TFTs. The VTH shift (∆VTH) caused by PBS increased exponentially when VTH was increased, and a distinct tendency was observed as the gate bias stress increased due to a high vertical electric field in the oxide dielectric. In addition, the recovery behavior was analyzed to reveal the influence of fast and slow traps on ∆VTH by PBS. Results revealed that the effect of the slow trap increased as the VTH moved in the positive direction; this occured because the main electron trap location moved away from the interface as the Fermi level approached the conduction band minimum. Understanding the correlation between VTH and PBS instability can contribute to optimizing the fabrication of oxide TFT-based circuits for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Na
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhao Feng
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Su Eun
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinuk Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Man Kang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Park W, Na JH, Lee J, Eun JS, Feng J, Kim DK, Bae JH. Atomically Thin Amorphous Indium-Oxide Semiconductor Film Developed Using a Solution Process for High-Performance Oxide Transistors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2568. [PMID: 37764597 PMCID: PMC10536517 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-performance oxide transistors have recently attracted significant attention for use in various electronic applications, such as displays, sensors, and back-end-of-line transistors. In this study, we demonstrate atomically thin indium-oxide (InOx) semiconductors using a solution process for high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs). To achieve superior field-effect mobility and switching characteristics in TFTs, the bandgap and thickness of the InOx were tuned by controlling the InOx solution molarity. As a result, a high field-effect mobility and on/off-current ratio of 13.95 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 1.42 × 1010, respectively, were achieved using 3.12-nanometer-thick InOx. Our results showed that the charge transport of optimized InOx with a thickness of 3.12 nm is dominated by percolation conduction due to its low surface roughness and appropriate carrier concentration. Furthermore, the atomically thin InOx TFTs showed superior positive and negative gate bias stress stabilities, which are important in electronic applications. The proposed oxide TFTs could provide an effective means of the fabrication of scalable, high-throughput, and high-performance transistors for next-generation electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Na
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinuk Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Su Eun
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhao Feng
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Park W, Park JH, Eun JS, Lee J, Na JH, Lee SH, Jang J, Kang IM, Kim DK, Bae JH. Low-Temperature Enhancement-Mode Amorphous Oxide Thin-Film Transistors in Solution Process Using a Low-Pressure Annealing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2231. [PMID: 37570549 PMCID: PMC10421181 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The interest in low processing temperature for printable transistors is rapidly increasing with the introduction of a new form factor in electronics and the growing importance of high throughput. This paper reports the fabrication of low-temperature-processable enhancement-mode amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the solution process. A facile low-pressure annealing (LPA) method is proposed for the activation of indium oxide (InOx) semiconductors at a significantly low processing temperature of 200 °C. Thermal annealing at a pressure of about ~10 Torr induces effective condensation in InOx even at a low temperature. As a result, the fabricated LPA InOx TFTs not only functioned in enhancement mode but also exhibited outstanding switching characteristics with a high on/off current ratio of 4.91 × 109. Furthermore, the LPA InOx TFTs exhibit stable operation under bias stress compared to the control device due to the low concentration of hydroxyl defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (W.P.)
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Oh YK, Eun JS, Lee SC, Chu GM, Lee SS, Moon YH. Responses of blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, and Fatty acids to intraruminal infusion of propionate in hanwoo. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:200-6. [PMID: 25557815 PMCID: PMC4283164 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of intraruminal infusion of propionate on ruminal fermentation characteristics and blood hormones and metabolites in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Four Hanwoo steers (average body wt. 270 kg, 13 month of age) equipped with rumen cannula were infused into rumens with 0.0 M (Water, C), 0.5 M (37 g/L, T1), 1.0 M (74 g/L, T2) and 1.5 M (111 g/L, T3) of propionate for 1 hour per day and allotted by 4×4 Latin square design. On the 5th day of infusion, samples of rumen and blood were collected at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 300 min after intraruminal infusion of propionate. The concentrations of serum glucose and plasma glucagon were not affected (p>0.05) by intraruminal infusion of propionate. The serum insulin concentration at 60 min after infusion was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 than in C, while the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) at 60 and 180 min after infusion was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the propionate treatments than in C. Hence, intraruminal infusion of propionate stimulates the secretion of insulin, and decreases serum NEFA concentration rather than the change of serum glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Oh
- CJ Cooperation Feed & Livestock, Seoul 100-400, Korea
| | - J S Eun
- CJ Cooperation Feed & Livestock, Seoul 100-400, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- CJ Cooperation Feed & Livestock, Seoul 100-400, Korea
| | - G M Chu
- NongHyuopFeed INC, Busan 608-828, Korea
| | - Sung S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Y H Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
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Han KR, Kim C, Eun JS, Chung YS. Extrapedicular approach of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of upper and mid-thoracic vertebral compression fracture. Acta Radiol 2005; 46:280-7. [PMID: 15981725 DOI: 10.1080/02841850510021058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcome of the extrapedicular approach of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for upper and mid-thoracic vertebral compression fractures in patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extrapedicular vertebroplasty was performed in painful compression fractures at T4-T8 levels. The assessment criteria were changes over time in visual analog scale (VAS) and mobility score. We evaluated the volume of cement injected, the size of needle required, and complications. RESULTS Procedures were performed in 27 patients with a total of 34 affected vertebral bodies. Early (within a week) and one year later, clinical follow-ups showed that pain intensity had decreased by 50% one day after operation and later by 70-80%. Mobility scores of all patients were improved immediately after the procedure. Average volume of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) per vertebral body was 3.8 +/- 1.2 ml. Leakage of PMMA occurred in one vertebral level (intradiskal space), but did not cause clinical complications. CONCLUSION PVP of upper and mid-thoracic spine with an extrapedicular approach is an efficient and safe procedure for treating painful thoracic vertebral compression fracture under a cautious patient selection and meticulous technical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Han
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dilution rate and forage-to-concentrate ratio on gas production by rumen microbes. Continuous cultures were used to monitor methane production at three liquid dilution rates (3.2, 6.3, or 12.5%/h) and three forage-to-concentrate ratios (70:30, 50:50, or 30:70). Filtered ruminal contents were allowed 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 7 d of data collection. Forage consisted of pelleted alfalfa and the concentrate mix included ground corn, soybean meal, and a mineral and vitamin premix. The experiment was replicated in a split-plot design. Total volatile fatty acid production averaged 58.0 mmol/d and was not affected by treatment. Molar proportion of acetate increased with increasing forage-to-concentrate ratio. Molar proportion of propionate tended to decrease at dilution rate of 12.5%/h and increased with the medium and low forage-to-concentrate ratio. Culture pH tended to be greater at a dilution rate of 12.5%/h. Methane production that was calculated from stoichiometric equations was not affected by treatments. However, methane production based on methane concentration in fermentor headspace resulted in an interaction effect of treatments. Stoichiometric equations underestimated methane output at higher dilution rates and with high forage diets. Total diet fermentability was lowest at dilution rate of 3.2%/h. Increasing dilution rates increased microbial yield; increasing the proportion of concentrate improved microbial efficiency. Dilution rate and forage-to-concentrate ratio altered the partition of substrate by microbes. Methane production based on actual concentrations differed from values estimated using stoichiometry of end-product appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Eun
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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Eun JS, Fellner V, Burns JC, Gumpertz ML. Fermentation of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms with or without supplemental corn1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:170-8. [PMID: 14753359 DOI: 10.2527/2004.821170x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Five dual-flow fermentors (700 mL) were used to determine the effects of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) diets on microbial metabolism by mixed rumen cultures. Fermentors were incubated with filtered ruminal contents and allowed to adapt for 4 d to diets followed by 3 d of sample collection. Five dietary treatments were tested: 1) gamagrass hay (GH) + no corn (GHNC), 2) gama grass silage (GS) + no corn (GSNC), 3) GS + low corn (GSLC), 4) GS + medium corn (GSMC); and 5) GS + high corn (GSHC). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. Total VFA concentrations were not affected by diets. Corn addition linearly decreased (P < 0.001) molar proportion of acetate. In contrast, molar proportion of propionate was reduced in GSLC (cubic effect, P < 0.001) but remained similar across other diets. Corn supplementation linearly increased molar proportion of butyrate (P < 0.001). The acetate + butyrate-to-propionate ratio was highest in cultures offered GSLC (cubic effect, P < 0.001) but similar across other diets. Feeding GSNC resulted in a higher ruminal pH compared with GHNC (P < 0.03). Increasing the level of corn supplementation in GS linearly decreased culture pH (P < 0.001). All diets resulted in similar methane production, with the exception of GSMC, which lowered methane output (quadratic effect, P < 0.004). Total substrate fermented to VFA and gas tended to be greater with GHNC than with GSNC (P < 0.06) and linearly increased with the addition of corn (P < 0.004). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was similar between GH and GS and was not affected by supplemental corn. Microbial N flow increased in cultures offered GSHC (quadratic effect, P < 0.02). Corn supplementation at the medium and high level linearly decreased C 18:0 (P < 0.02) and increased trans-C18:1 (P < 0.004). Including corn at the high level with GS did not have a detrimental effect on fermentation in dual-flow fermentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Eun
- Department of Animal Science, USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA
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Abstract
Six benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, corynoline (1), acetylcorynoline (2), corynoloxine (3), luguine (4), 6-oxocorynoline (5), and 12-hydroxycorynoloxine (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, and 6 was isolated for the first time from nature. The structure was elucidated by NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Samrye, Korea.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), products of activated macrophages, have a great impact on the regulation of cytokine production. The role of NO in non-specific host cells is commonly accepted. On the contrary, its role as an immuno-regulatory molecule is still controversial. In this study, we have investigated the effect of NO on the production of cytokines from murine splenocytes and macrophages. S-nitroso-L-glutathione inhibited the release of both interferone-gamma and interleukin-2 produced by Th1 cells and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta produced by macrophages, but did not affect the release of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 produced by Th2 cells. These results suggest that NO exerts a down-regulatory effect on the secretion of cytokines from Th1 cells and macrophages which are implicated in immune response. Thus, NO may have an important role as an immuno-modulatory as well as effector molecule in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Eun
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Samrye, Korea.
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Abstract
In a bioassay-guided search for anti-allergic compounds from higher plants of Korea, polymethoxyflavones, 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (1), 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (II) and 3',4',5,7,8,-pentamethoxyflavone (III) have been isolated from the immature peels of Citrus unshiu. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds I and II inhibited dose-dependently histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Samrye, Korea.
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Abstract
The mechanism of phagocytic activity of the ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon (CN-E) was investigated in vivo. The administration of CN-E (100 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced lucigenin chemiluminescence and the engulfment of fluorescein-conjugated E. coli particles in murine peritoneal macrophages. Phagocytic activity was suppressed by the treatment of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) which is an exogenous nitric oxide donor depending on the concentration of dose. CN-E suppressed the production of nitric oxide and enhanced the concentration in [Ca2+]i. The enhancement in [Ca2+]i was diminished by the treatment of EGTA. These results indicate that CN-E enhances the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophage via a suppression of nitric oxide production and an increase in [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwak YG, Park SK, Kim UH, Han MK, Eun JS, Cho KP, Chae SW. Intracellular ADP-ribose inhibits ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 1996; 271:C464-8. [PMID: 8769984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.2.c464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an NAD metabolite, has been shown to be a messenger for Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the physiological role of ADP-ribose (ADPR), another metabolite of NAD, is not known. We examined the effects of cADPR and ADPR on the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) activity in rat ventricular myocytes by use of the inside-out patch-clamp configuration. ADPR, but not cADPR, inhibited the channel activity at micromolar range with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 38.4 microM. The Hill coefficient was 0.9. ATP inhibited the K+ channel with a Ki of 77.8 microM, and the Hill coefficient was 1.8. Single-channel conductance was not affected by ADPR. These findings strongly suggest that ADPR may act as a regulator of KATP channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, South Korea
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Kim KW, Eun YA, Soh SM, Eun JS, Cho KP. Ligand binding profiles of U-69, 593-sensitive and-insensitive sites in human cerebral cortex membranes: evidence of kappa opioid receptors heterogeneity. Life Sci 1996; 58:1671-9. [PMID: 8632704 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor binding studies were performed to characterize the properties of subtypes of kappa opioid receptors in membrane preparations of human cerebral cortex. [3H]U69,593 ([3H]U69), a selective kappa 1-agonist, and [3H]diprenorphine ([3H]DIP), a non-selective opioid antagonist, in the presence of 1 microM each of DAMGO, DPDPE and U-69 to block mu-, delta-, and kappa 1-sites, labeled single population of binding sites, respectively. [3H]U-69 binding sites (KD = 3.8 +/- 0.2 nM, Bmax = 6.3 +/- 0.2 fmol/mg protein) had a binding profile that correspond to kappa 1-receptor. That is, dynorphin A (1-13) (Dyn A), bremazocine (BZC), U50,488H (U50), (-)ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) bound to this site with high affinities. [3H]DIP labeled binding sites (Kd = 7.3 +/- 0.2 nM, Bmax = 102 +/- 9 fmol/mg protein) that were not sensitive to U-50, but to BZC, EKC and nor-BNI. These results indicate that kappa 1 and Kappa 2 opioid receptors exist in human cerebral cortex with different ligand binding profiles.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Benzeneacetamides
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Diprenorphine/pharmacology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Protein Binding
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk University Medical School, Keumam-dong, Republic of Korea
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