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Pawar VA, Tyagi A, Verma C, Sharma KP, Ansari S, Mani I, Srivastva SK, Shukla PK, Kumar A, Kumar V. Unlocking therapeutic potential: integration of drug repurposing and immunotherapy for various disease targeting. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:4984-5006. [PMID: 37692967 PMCID: PMC10492070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, entails the application of pre-approved or formerly assessed drugs having potentially functional therapeutic amalgams for curing various disorders or disease conditions distinctive from their original remedial indication. It has surfaced as a substitute for the development of drugs for treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and various infectious diseases like Covid-19. Although the earlier lines of findings in this area were serendipitous, recent advancements are based on patient centered approaches following systematic, translational, drug targeting practices that explore pathophysiological ailment mechanisms. The presence of definite information and numerous records with respect to beneficial properties, harmfulness, and pharmacologic characteristics of repurposed drugs increase the chances of approval in the clinical trial stages. The last few years have showcased the successful emergence of repurposed drug immunotherapy in treating various diseases. In this light, the present review emphasises on incorporation of drug repositioning with Immunotherapy targeted for several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied ScienceDelhi 110054, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Kanti Prakash Sharma
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of HaryanaMahendragarh 123029, India
| | - Sekhu Ansari
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of DelhiNew Delhi 110049, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology of SciencePrayagraj 211007, UP, India
| | - Antresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of HaryanaMahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Agarwal A, Rizwana, Tripathi AD, Kumar T, Sharma KP, Patel SKS. Nutritional and Functional New Perspectives and Potential Health Benefits of Quinoa and Chia Seeds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1413. [PMID: 37507952 PMCID: PMC10376479 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and chia (Salvia hispanica) are essential traditional crops with excellent nutritional properties. Quinoa is known for its high and good quality protein content and nine essential amino acids vital for an individual's development and growth, whereas chia seeds contain high dietary fiber content, calories, lipids, minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc), and vitamins (A and B complex). Chia seeds are also known for their presence of a high amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Both quinoa and chia seeds are gluten-free and provide medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds, which help combat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases such as cancer. Quinoa seeds possess phenolic compounds, particularly kaempferol, which can help prevent cancer. Many food products can be developed by fortifying quinoa and chia seeds in different concentrations to enhance their nutritional profile, such as extruded snacks, meat products, etc. Furthermore, it highlights the value-added products that can be developed by including quinoa and chia seeds, alone and in combination. This review focused on the recent development in quinoa and chia seeds nutritional, bioactive properties, and processing for potential human health and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food & Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, Sikandra Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rizwana
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, Sector-2, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Tarika Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Kanti Prakash Sharma
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
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Joshi N, Choudhary L, Sharma KP, Iqbal HM. PLANT GROWTH POTENTIAL OF SALT TOLERANT ENDOPHYTE Pseudomonas Sihuiensis ISOLATED FROM CHICKPEA. JEBAS 2021. [DOI: 10.18006/2021.9(2).231.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts are well characterized for plant growth promotion. In this study, the root, nodules, and stem of the Cicer arietinum crop planted in a semi-arid zone were used as a source to isolate potential plant growth bacteria. The ability to grow under salt stress was determined, and the potential isolate was screened for plant growth promotion traits. The selected isolate was identified by the 16S rDNA method. Pot trials were conducted to know the ability of the isolate to promote plant growth in-vivo. Among various isolates obtained, a bacterial isolate obtained from root showed the ability to grow in the presence of 10 % Sodium fluoride (NaF). The isolate produced Indole Acetic acid in an amount of 72 mg per liter in production medium. The bacteria solubilized phosphate and produce exopolysaccharide (2.12 g per liter). The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sihuiensis. The result of pot trials reveals that the endophyte promotes plant growth under stress conditions and may be used as a bio-fertilizer.
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Govindarajan RK, Khanongnuch C, Mathivanan K, Shyu DJH, Sharma KP, De Mandal S. In-vitro biotransformation of tea using tannase produced by Enterobacter cloacae 41. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:3235-3242. [PMID: 34294986 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tannase is a widely used enzyme that improves the quality of tea by facilitating the release of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds, as well as reduces the formation of tea creams. The microbial tannase enzymes are often employed for tea biotransformation by hydrolyses esters of phenolic acids, including the gallated polyphenols found in blacks teas. The study was focused to investigate the tannase enzyme mediated biotransformation of black tea such as CTC-(Crush, tear, curl) & Kangra orthodox which are commonly used by the south Indian peoples. HPLC spectral analysis revealed that tannase treatment on tea cream formation (CTC & Kangra orthodox tea) allows the hydrolysis of the EGC, GA, ECG, and EGCG. A significant reduction in the formation of tea cream and increased antioxidant activity has been observed in the CTC (1.62 fold) and Kangra orthodox (1.55 fold). The results revealed that tannase treatment helps to improve the quality of black tea infusions with respect to cream formation, the intensity of colour, and sensory characteristics of tea. The result of this study indicates that E. cloacae 41 produced tannase can be used to improve the quality of both tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan
- Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control and Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.,Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100 Thailand
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100 Thailand
| | - Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas J H Shyu
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201 Taiwan
| | - Kanti Prakash Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangah, Sikar, Rajasthan 332311 India
| | - Surajit De Mandal
- Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
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Saharan R, Sharma KP. Production, purification and characterization of pectin lyase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from moong beans leaves (Vigna radiata). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sharma KP, John PJ, Goswami P, Soni M. Enzymatic synthesis of gallic acid from tannic acid with an inducible hydrolase of Enterobacter spp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1306740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. J. John
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pawas Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soni
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Sharma S, Sharma KP, Sharma S. Role of Spirulina in mitigating hemato-toxicity in Swiss albino mice exposed to aluminum and aluminum fluoride. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:25280-25287. [PMID: 27687764 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is ingested through foods, water, air, and even drugs. Its intake is potentiated further through foods and tea prepared in aluminum utensils and Al salt added in the drinking water for removal of suspended impurities and also fluoride in the affected areas. The ameliorating role of a blue green alga Spirulina is well documented to various pollutants in the animal models. We, therefore, examined its protective role (230 mg/kg body weight) on the hematology of male Swiss albino mice treated with aluminum (sub-acute = 78.4 mg/kg body weight for 7 days, sub-chronic = 7.8 mg/kg body weight for 90 days) and aluminum fluoride (sub-acute = 103 mg/kg body weight, sub-chronic = 21 mg/kg body weight), along with their recovery after 90 days of sub-chronic exposure. This study revealed significant reduction in the values of RBC (5-18 %), Hb (15-17 %), PCV (8-14 %), and platelets (26-36 %), and increase in WBC (54-124 %) in the treated mice, particularly after sub-acute exposure. Aluminum fluoride was comparatively more toxic than aluminum. Further, Spirulina supplement not only alleviated toxicity of test chemicals in Swiss albino mice but also led to their better recovery after withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India.
| | - K P Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Subhasini Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
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Sharma KP, Upreti N, Sharma S, Sharma S. Protective effect of Spirulina and tamarind fruit pulp diet supplement in fish (Gambusia affinis Baird & Girard) exposed to sublethal concentration of fluoride, aluminum and aluminum fluoride. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:897-903. [PMID: 23986974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protective role of diet supplements (Spirulina, tamarind fruit pulp and their combination) on a freshwater fish G. affinis exposed at sublethal concentration of fluoride (F-) (10 ppm), Al(+3) (3 ppm) and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) (35.4 ppm) in the microcosms (15 L sized) for 30-60 days in winter (90 days in summer) has been reported. Toxic effects of chemicals were manifested as higher fish mortality (4-50%) and acid (approximately -30%) and alkaline phosphatase (25-50%) contents, but reduction in RBC counts (5-55%) and protein content (approximately -29%) compared with controls. Alterations in values of these parameters were found maximum in aluminum exposed fish suggesting it as the most toxic among the tested chemicals. Diet supplements reduced toxicity of tested chemicals, especially when Spirulina and tamarind were given together.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004, India.
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Choudhary DK, Sharma KP, Gaur RK. Biotechnological perspectives of microbes in agro-ecosystems. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1905-10. [PMID: 21660571 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In subsistence agricultural systems, crop yields are directly dependent on the inherent soil fertility and on microbial processes that govern the mineralization and mobilization of nutrients required for plant growth. An impact of different crop species that are used in various combinations is likely to be an important factor in determining the structure of plant beneficial microbial communities that function in nutrient cycling, the production of plant growth hormones, and suppression of root diseases. In addition, studies are needed to elucidate the signal transduction pathways that result from treatment of plants with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under stress conditions. In the present review an emphasis has been given on plant-microbe interactions and their mitigation under abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Choudhary
- Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science & Commerce (FASC), Mody Institute of Technology & Science (MITS), Lakshmangarh 332311, Sikar (Rajasthan), India.
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Giri BR, Namgyal P, Tshering KP, Sharma KP, Dorji T, Tamang C. Mass measles rubella immunization campaign: bhutan experience. Indian J Community Med 2011; 36:109-13. [PMID: 21976794 PMCID: PMC3180934 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.84128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bhutan has attained universal child immunization since 1991. Since then, immunization coverage is maintained at high level through routine immunization, periodic National Immunization Days, and mop up campaigns. Despite high immunization coverage, every year, significant numbers of clinically suspected measles cases were reported. OBJECTIVE To assess the cause of continuing high "suspected measles cases" and take appropriate public health measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Febrile rash outbreaks occurred in several districts in 2003. These episodes were investigated. Simultaneously, a retrospective data search revealed evidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country. RESULTS Thirty five percent of the tested samples were positive for rubella but none for measles. There were evidences of the presence of CRS. This was discussed in the annual health conference 2004, amongst health policy makers and district heads who recommended that a possibility of inclusion of rubella as an antigen be looked into. A nationwide measles and rubella immunization campaign was conducted in 2006 followed by introduction of rubella vaccine in the immunization schedule. CONCLUSION Febrile rash can be caused by a host of viral infections. Following universal measles immunization, it is pertinent that febrile rash be looked in the light of rubella infections. Following the introduction of rubella vaccination in the national immunization schedule, there has been significant reduction of febrile rash episodes, cases of rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakta R Giri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Rattanak Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pem Namgyal
- Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO-SEARO, New-Delhi, India
| | - KP Tshering
- Department of Pediatrics, JDWNR Hospital, Thimphu
| | - KP Sharma
- Department of Pathology, JDWNR Hospital, Thimphu
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Singh PK, Swami RC, Sharma KP. Exploring fish bioassay of textile dye wastewaters and their selected constituents in terms of mortality and erythrocyte disorders. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 83:29-34. [PMID: 19322506 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute (4 day) and short-term (7 day) toxicity studies (at 1/5th and 1/10th of LC(50)) of textile dye wastewaters and their selected ingredients (azo dye methyl red and heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) were made on a freshwater fish Gambusia affinis under laboratory conditions. LC(50) value was found to be the lowest in four cases, and the EC(50) value for reduction in erythrocyte counts in the remaining four tests. Thus, the reduction in erythrocyte counts to the 50% level was similar in sensitivity to fish mortality. The short-term toxicity studies revealed significant disorders in erythrocyte morphology (poikilocytosis) and its counts to be the better indices for toxicity monitoring in the absence of fish mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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Lafata JE, Tunceli O, Cerghet M, Sharma KP, Lipton RB. The Use of Migraine Preventive Medications Among Patients with and without Migraine Headaches. Cephalalgia 2009; 30:97-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to describe the use of and adherence to migraine preventives among insured patients meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn (ICHD-II) criteria for migraine headaches. A retrospective, case–control study was conducted using data from a telephone interview linked with health insurance claims data. Subjects were health plan enrollees aged 18–55 years who had incurred at least one encounter between June 2000 and November 2001. Interview responses were used to identify cases meeting the ICHD-II criteria for strict and probable migraine and a random sample of controls. Pharmacy claims data were used to construct measures of use and adherence. Differences in outcomes by adherence status were evaluated using generalized linear models. We identified 2517 cases and 941 controls. Among cases, the prevalence of antidepressant use was 4%, anticonvulsant use was 1.9%, antihypertensive use was 8.9%. Combined use was 13.4% among cases and did not differ significantly from that observed among controls (12.4%). Mean adherence rate between the first and last dispensing during the year was high (88%) and did not differ by migraine status. When the entire 12-month period is considered, adherence was substantially lower (56%). Patients who were adherent between dispensings reported significantly less migraine-related disability and incurred higher prescription drug costs, but did not differ in their total medical care costs. Patients with migraine are unlikely to be users of preventive medications. Among users, few are taking preventive medications continuously. Patients with migraine—especially those without a medical diagnosis for migraine or headaches—are not receiving the benefits available from existing pharmacotherapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- JE Lafata
- Center for Health Services
Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - O Tunceli
- Center for Health Services
Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - M Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry
Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - KP Sharma
- Center for Health Services
Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - RB Lipton
- The Saul R. Korey Department of
Neurology, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Montefiore Headache Center, New
York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Montefiore Headache Center, New York, NY, USA
- Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Montefiore Headache Center, New York, NY, USA
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Sharma S, Sharma A, Singh PK, Soni P, Sharma S, Sharma P, Sharma KP. Impact of distillery soil leachate on haematology of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 79:273-7. [PMID: 17676255 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study reports significant alterations in various haematological parameters such as red and white blood corpuscles counts, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume in adult Swiss albino mice orally administered with diluted distillery soil leachate (5%-20%) for 30 days. Soil leachate also affected red blood cell morphology (poikilocytosis). The haematology of exposed mice improved in the reversal groups. Present study infers contamination potential of distillery soil leachate in the groundwater.
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Sharma KP, Sharma S, Sharma S, Singh PK, Kumar S, Grover R, Sharma PK. A comparative study on characterization of textile wastewaters (untreated and treated) toxicity by chemical and biological tests. Chemosphere 2007; 69:48-54. [PMID: 17583772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of textile wastewaters (untreated and treated) and their ingredient chemicals was quantified in terms of their chemical characteristics, fish (Gambusia affinis) mortality and end point growth responses of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) in short-term bioassays. Other parameters of fish bioassay were erythrocyte morphology and its counts. Despite of a definite correlation between data of biological tests (LC/EC(50) values) with that of chemical tests, biological tests were found to be relatively more sensitive to both wastewaters and ingredient chemicals. Amongst all the examined parameters of test organisms, fish RBCs (morphology and counts) sensitivity to pollutants in the wastewaters was usually maximum and therefore, their study should be included in the routine fish bioassay. Other advantage of biological test such as on Lemna is even detection of eutrophic potential of wastewaters, as noted at their higher dilutions. The ingredient chemicals (major) contributing maximum toxicity to textile dye wastewater were, acids (HCl and H(2)SO(4)), alkali (Na(2)O SiO(2)), salt (NaNO(2)) and heavy metal (Cu), whereas dyes (4) were relatively less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sharma
- Botany Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
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Grover R, Sharma KP, Kumar P, Kumar S. Response of fungal community in the unpolluted and polluted (textile and distillery wastes) habitats. J Environ Sci Eng 2007; 49:93-98. [PMID: 18476401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
37 fungal species were recorded, maximum found in textile wastewater polluted habitats (35) followed by unpolluted (15) and distillery polluted (6) habitats. Fungal diversity in sediment samples of textile wastewater polluted habitats (25) was a little lower than wastewater samples (32), whereas it varied little both in the samples of unpolluted habitats (Sambhar wetlands: 5-6; Garden tanks: 9-10) and distillery waste (3-5). Seasonal variation in species diversity was more pronounced in the textile wastewater polluted habitats. Their minimum number was often found during the rainy season while maximum in the winter season, in the polluted habitats but during summer in the unpolluted habitats. Aspergillus was the most diverse genus represented by 7 species, followed by Cladosporium and Fusarium (3 species each) while Drechslera, Rhizopus and Trichoderma had 2 species each. The remaining genera (18) were monotypic. Colony Forming Units (CFUs) were also maximum in the textile wastewater polluted habitats (5.6-1898.9 x 10(3)/L), followed by unpolluted (6.7-560.0 x 10(3)/L) and distillery waste polluted habitats (3.1-53.3 x 10(3)/L), being usually higher in the sediment samples. Their number also varied seasonally, being maximum during winter season in the water samples, whereas in summer in the sediment samples. Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum and Penicillium chrysogenum usually contributed maximum to the CFU values in the polluted as well as in unpolluted habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Grover
- Botany Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
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Soni P, Sharma S, Sharma S, Kumar S, Sharma KP. A comparative study on the toxic effects of textile dye wastewaters (untreated and treated) on mortality and RBC of a freshwater fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Gerard). J Environ Biol 2006; 27:623-8. [PMID: 17405321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Comparative toxicological studies of textile dye wastewater (untreated and treated) on a freshwater fish, Gambusia affinis, revealed a marked reduction in mortality and cytotoxic effects on RBCs, measured as reduction in their counts and percent changes in their shape (poikilocytosis) and variation in their size (anisocytosis)}, after subjecting them to both physicochemical and biological treatments. On comparing the data of mortality and the cytotoxic effects on RBCs, we found poikilocytosis is a better indicator for toxicity measurement of both untreated as well as treated wastewater, especially at their lowest concentrations where percent mortality was found to be either nil or lowerer than the percentage of poikilocytic RBCs. Although percent reduction in RBC counts and changes in their size (anisocytosis) indicated toxic effects of wastewaters, but EC5o values for RBC counts were usually higher than those for poikilocytosis and mortality, and non-calculable for anisocytosis suggesting their lesser sensitivity to pollutants. In view of these findings, we recommend monitoring of toxic effects of wastewaters during fish bioassay on both mortality and variation in RBC shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Soni
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, India
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Sharma KP. Identification of a sensitive index during fish bioassay of an azo dye methyl red (untreated and treated). J Environ Biol 2006; 27:551-5. [PMID: 17402248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic toxicity of methyl red (untreated) was examined on a freshwater fish Poecilia reticulata, using indices viz; mortality, reduction in RBC counts and their morphological abnormality (poikilocytosis and anisocytosis). Similar studies (acute toxicity) were also made in physicochemically and biologically treated methyl red. Data comparison of these four indices revealed poikilocytosis as the most sensitive index, since it measured higher toxicity of methyl red when fish mortality was either minimum at its low concentration (5 ppm) during both acute and chronic toxicity or even nil in the biologically treated 100 ppm methyl red, during acute toxicity. Mortality was next to poikilocytosis though it ranked 1st at higher concentration of methyl red during acute toxicity. The reduction in RBC counts however, was found to be the most sensitive parameter only in case of prolonged exposure (4 weeks) to 5 ppm methyl red. Amongst the four indices used for quantifying toxicity; anisocytosis was found to be the least expressive. Based on these findings we recommend quantification of data on fish mortality and poikilocytosis during acute toxicity whereas reduction in RBC counts and poikilocytosis during chronic exposure to methyl red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, India
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Sharma KP. Protective role of Spirulina feed in a freshwater fish (Poecilia reticulata Peters) exposed to an azo dye-methyl red. Indian J Exp Biol 2005; 43:1165-9. [PMID: 16359129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity of an azo dye-methyl red (5-40 ppm) was examined under starving conditions, on two groups of Poecilia reticulata--a freshwater fish, fed on different diets prior to their exposure to dye. Besides natural feed, fish of group-1 also received Spirulina feed for one month (feed population), whereas those of group-2 received only natural feed (non-feed population). The mortality data revealed non-feed population to be more tolerant to feed stress during acute toxicity study, whereas feed population exhibited better tolerance to the combined stress of both feed and methyl red; especially at higher concentrations of the latter. RBCs in methyl red treatments acquired different shapes (poikilocytosis) and an increase in their size (anisocytosis) was also noticed. Percentage of such abnormal RBCs was almost equal in both feed and non-feed populations, except at a lower concentration (5 ppm), at which percentage of poikilocytic RBCs was lesser in the feed population. RBC counts in the control non-feed fish (34.5 x 10(4)/mm3) were significantly lower than control feed population (50.0 x 10(4) /mm3). Their number decreased with an increase in methyl red concentrations in non-feed population (9-26%), but percent reduction in RBC counts was almost similar (20-26%) at various concentrations of methyl red (5-30 ppm) in the feed population. Despite reduction in RBC counts, feed population did not suffer from anemia in methyl red treatments, as evident by their RBC counts which were almost equal to control fish of non-feed population. The results suggest that Spirulina feed improves tolerance of test organism towards methyl red manifested by noticeable reduction in the cytotoxic effects on RBCs and a lower mortality rate at higher concentrations of dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004, India
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Suryavathi V, Sharma S, Sharma S, Saxena P, Pandey S, Grover R, Kumar S, Sharma KP. Acute toxicity of textile dye wastewaters (untreated and treated) of Sanganer on male reproductive systems of albino rats and mice. Reprod Toxicol 2005; 19:547-56. [PMID: 15749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 08/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the toxic effects of 15-days oral administration of untreated (Influent) and treated (Effluent) textile dye wastewaters on male reproductive systems of adult Swiss albino rats (age: 85-90 days) and mice (40-50 days). Textile dye wastewaters decreased body weight (7-25%) and reproductive organ weight (testis, epididymis, prostate gland and seminal vesicle, 2-48%). Similar trends were noted for total protein (14-70%), cholesterol (14-91%) and total lipid (10-30%) content of reproductive organs and spermatozoa, and for fructose levels in seminal vesicle (18-44%). Acid phosphatase activity in prostate however, was increased (11-44%) in the wastewater-exposed animals. Histopathological studies of treated animals revealed altered spermatogenesis, with higher sperm abnormalities, reduction in sperm counts (10-59%), and altered motility (14-56%). The magnitude of these abnormalities was stronger in rats versus mice, while among treatments, it was stronger in the Influent animals. Adverse effects improved when treated rats were allowed to recover 45 days in the control condition. Only recovered Effluent rats were capable of fertilizing normal females indicating that treated wastewater was less toxic; however, in comparison to control rats, litter size and body weight gains of F(1) and F(2) generations were adversely affected. Thus, the present study has established toxicity of both untreated and treated textile dye wastewater on reproductive biology of male Albino mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suryavathi
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India
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Saxena P, Sharma S, Sharma S, Suryavathi V, Grover R, Soni P, Kumar S, Sharma KP. Effect of an acute and chronic toxicity of four commercial detergents on the freshwater fish Gambusia affinis Baird & Gerard. J Environ Sci Eng 2005; 47:119-24. [PMID: 16649615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of four commercial detergents (two washing powders and two cakes) are reported in this paper on behavior, mortality and RBC counts of a freshwater fish Gambusia affinis. During acute toxicity studies (96h), surface movements of fish increased markedly for 24h, only at higher concentrations (>10 ppm) of all the four detergents. Thereafter, they were lethargic and bottom dwellers similar to those exposed for a period of 30 days in the longterm ecotoxicological studies made on detergent powders at a sublethal concentration (10 ppm). The detergents exposed to fish were found slippery due to mucous secretion. Hemorrhage regions were also found on their gills. The dissolved oxygen content also decreased (10-18%) in the detergent treatments of higher concentration (> 10 ppm). During acute toxicity studies, cakes (LC50 = 6.69 - 19.98ppm) were found more toxic than powders (LC50 = 18.34-20.72ppm). In comparison to the control fish, RBC counts decreased (12-64%) in the detergent exposed fish, being more pronounced among those exposed to cakes. The chronic exposure (30 days) of the fish also resulted in reduction in the RBC counts (41-58%). It is thus evident that all the four detergents are toxic to the fish Gambusia affinis.
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Mathur N, Krishnatrey R, Sharma S, Sharma KP. Toxic effects of textile printing industry effluents on liver and testes of albino rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:453-457. [PMID: 14567569 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-8781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Mathur
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Pathak S, Sharma KP. Toxicity of the azo dye methyl red to the organisms in microcosms, with special reference to the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata Peters). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:753-760. [PMID: 12677387 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Mathur N, Krishnatrey R, Sharma S, Pathak S, Sharma KP. Certain haematological responses in Swiss albino mice following exposure to textile dye wastewater. J Environ Biol 2003; 24:161-164. [PMID: 12974457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adults Swiss mice were administered 5% solution of textile industry wastewater orally for 25 days and haematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, and PCV were studied. Red cell indices like MCV, MCH and MCHC were calculated. Results indicate significant reduction in RBC, Hb and PCV levels. It is inferred that toxic effluents cause metabolic alteration in erythrocytes and reduce their Hb carrying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Mathur
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, India
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Sharma KP, Chaturvedi RK, Sharma S, Sharma K. Scavenging potential of hydrophytes for copper removal from textile dye wastewaters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:330-336. [PMID: 10903356 DOI: 10.1007/s0012800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Thakur AK, Sharma KP. Stress factors and behavioral characteristics in enuretic children. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:997-8. [PMID: 8935264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Thakur
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Guidance, Patna Medical College Hospital
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Sharma KP, Thakur AK. Maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:909-10. [PMID: 8635837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Sharma
- Upgraded Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College Hospital
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Sharma KP, Bhatia IS. Composition of fructosyl oligomers isolated from ripening grains of Sorghum vulgare. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1979; 16:38-40. [PMID: 489048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sharma KP, Bhatia IS. Sugar nucleotides of triticale grains. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1978; 15:133-5. [PMID: 556540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
1. Two high-yielding varieties and three hybrids of pearl millet were evaluated for their chemical composition and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for rats at a level of 6.38% dietary protein. PER values ranged from 0.94 to 1.21 and were significantly different.2. Tryptophan contents of the proteins were above the optimum level of the FAO reference protein. Lysine content was deficient in all the samples and was probably the limiting amino acid in the PER test.
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