1
|
Conrad S, Teichmann J, Auth P, Knorr N, Ulrich K, Bellin D, Speck T, Tauber FJ. 3D-printed digital pneumatic logic for the control of soft robotic actuators. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadh4060. [PMID: 38295189 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adh4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots are paving their way to catch up with the application range of metal-based machines and to occupy fields that are challenging for traditional machines. Pneumatic actuators play an important role in this development, allowing the construction of bioinspired motion systems. Pneumatic logic gates provide a powerful alternative for controlling pressure-activated soft robots, which are often controlled by metallic valves and electric circuits. Many existing approaches for fully compliant pneumatic control logic suffer from high manual effort and low pressure tolerance. In our work, we invented three-dimensional (3D) printable, pneumatic logic gates that perform Boolean operations and imitate electric circuits. Within 7 hours, a filament printer is able to produce a module that serves as an OR, AND, or NOT gate; the logic function is defined by the assigned input signals. The gate contains two alternately acting pneumatic valves, whose work principle is based on the interaction of pressurized chambers and a 3D-printed 1-millimeter tube inside. The gate design does not require any kind of support material for its hollow parts, which makes the modules ready to use directly after printing. Depending on the chosen material, the modules can operate on a pressure supply between 80 and more than 750 kilopascals. The capabilities of the invented gates were verified by implementing an electronics-free drink dispenser based on a pneumatic ring oscillator and a 1-bit memory. Their high compliance is demonstrated by driving a car over a fully flexible, 3D-printed robotic walker controlled by an integrated circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Conrad
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Teichmann
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Auth
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Knorr
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Ulrich
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Bellin
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F J Tauber
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg @ Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulrich K. Redox-regulated chaperones in cell stress responses. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:233014. [PMID: 37140269 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis and redox homeostasis are tightly interconnected and most protein quality control pathways are under direct redox regulation which allow cells to immediately respond to oxidative stress conditions. The activation of ATP-independent chaperones serves as a first line of defense to counteract oxidative unfolding and aggregation of proteins. Conserved cysteine residues evolved as redox-sensitive switches which upon reversible oxidation induce substantial conformational rearrangements and the formation of chaperone-active complexes. In addition to harnessing unfolding proteins, these chaperone holdases interact with ATP-dependent chaperone systems to facilitate client refolding and restoring proteostasis during stress recovery. This minireview gives an insight into highly orchestrated mechanisms regulating the stress-specific activation and inactivation of redox-regulated chaperones and their role in cell stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Cellular Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ulrich K, Farkas Á, Chan O, Katamanin O, Schwappach B, Jakob U. From guide to guard-activation mechanism of the stress-sensing chaperone Get3. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3226-3238.e7. [PMID: 35839781 PMCID: PMC9460928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress conditions can cause ATP depletion, oxidative protein unfolding, and potentially toxic protein aggregation. To alleviate this proteotoxic stress, the highly conserved yeast protein, Get3, switches from its guiding function as an ATP-dependent targeting factor for tail-anchored proteins to its guarding function as an ATP-independent molecular chaperone that prevents irreversible protein aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that activation of Get3's chaperone function follows a tightly orchestrated multi-step process, centered around the redox status of two conserved cysteines, whose reactivity is directly controlled by Get3's nucleotide-binding state. Thiol oxidation causes local unfolding and the transition into chaperone-active oligomers. Vice versa, inactivation requires the reduction of Get3's cysteines followed by ATP-binding, which allows the transfer of bound client proteins to ATP-dependent chaperone systems for their effective refolding. Manipulating this fine-tuned cycle of activation and inactivation in yeast impairs oxidative stress resistance and growth, illustrating the necessity to tightly control Get3's intrinsic chaperone function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ákos Farkas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olivia Chan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olivia Katamanin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ulrich K, Schwappach B, Jakob U. Thiol-based switching mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Biol Chem 2020; 402:239-252. [PMID: 32990643 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox switches evolved as efficient post-translational regulatory mechanisms that enable individual proteins to rapidly respond to sudden environmental changes. While some protein functions need to be switched off to save resources and avoid potentially error-prone processes, protective functions become essential and need to be switched on. In this review, we focus on thiol-based activation mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Upon stress exposure, these chaperones convert into high affinity binding platforms for unfolding proteins and protect cells against the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. Their chaperone activity is independent of ATP, a feature that becomes especially important under oxidative stress conditions, where cellular ATP levels drop and canonical ATP-dependent chaperones no longer operate. Vice versa, reductive inactivation and substrate release require the restoration of ATP levels, which ensures refolding of client proteins by ATP-dependent foldases. We will give an overview over the different strategies that cells evolved to rapidly increase the pool of ATP-independent chaperones upon oxidative stress and provide mechanistic insights into how stress conditions are used to convert abundant cellular proteins into ATP-independent holding chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bazopoulou D, Knoefler D, Zheng Y, Ulrich K, Oleson BJ, Xie L, Kim M, Kaufmann A, Lee YT, Dou Y, Chen Y, Quan S, Jakob U. Developmental ROS individualizes organismal stress resistance and lifespan. Nature 2019; 576:301-305. [PMID: 31801997 PMCID: PMC7039399 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A central aspect of aging research concerns the question of when individuality in lifespan arises1. Here we show that a transient increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which occurs naturally during early development in a subpopulation of synchronized Caenorhabditis elegans, sets processes in motion that increase stress resistance, improve redox homeostasis and ultimately prolong lifespan in those animals. We find that these effects are linked to the global ROS-mediated decrease in developmental histone H3K4me3 levels. Studies in HeLa cells confirmed that global H3K4me3 levels are ROS-sensitive and that depletion of H3K4me3 levels increases stress resistance in mammalian cell cultures. In vitro studies identified SET1/MLL histone methyltransferases as redox sensitive units of the H3K4-trimethylating complex of proteins (COMPASS). Our findings implicate a link between early-life events, ROS-sensitive epigenetic marks, stress resistance and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bazopoulou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Knoefler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yongxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), Shanghai, China
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bryndon J Oleson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lihan Xie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Minwook Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anke Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), Shanghai, China
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Currier RB, Ulrich K, Leroux AE, Dirdjaja N, Deambrosi M, Bonilla M, Ahmed YL, Adrian L, Antelmann H, Jakob U, Comini MA, Krauth-Siegel RL. An essential thioredoxin-type protein of Trypanosoma brucei acts as redox-regulated mitochondrial chaperone. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008065. [PMID: 31557263 PMCID: PMC6783113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most known thioredoxin-type proteins (Trx) participate in redox pathways, using two highly conserved cysteine residues to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here we demonstrate that the so far unexplored Trx2 from African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei) lacks protein disulfide reductase activity but functions as an effective temperature-activated and redox-regulated chaperone. Immunofluorescence microscopy and fractionated cell lysis revealed that Trx2 is located in the mitochondrion of the parasite. RNA-interference and gene knock-out approaches showed that depletion of Trx2 impairs growth of both mammalian bloodstream and insect stage procyclic parasites. Procyclic cells lacking Trx2 stop proliferation under standard culture conditions at 27°C and are unable to survive prolonged exposure to 37°C, indicating that Trx2 plays a vital role that becomes augmented under heat stress. Moreover, we found that Trx2 contributes to the in vivo infectivity of T. brucei. Remarkably, a Trx2 version, in which all five cysteines were replaced by serine residues, complements for the wildtype protein in conditional knock-out cells and confers parasite infectivity in the mouse model. Characterization of the recombinant protein revealed that Trx2 can coordinate an iron sulfur cluster and is highly sensitive towards spontaneous oxidation. Moreover, we discovered that both wildtype and mutant Trx2 protect other proteins against thermal aggregation and preserve their ability to refold upon return to non-stress conditions. Activation of the chaperone function of Trx2 appears to be triggered by temperature-mediated structural changes and inhibited by oxidative disulfide bond formation. Our studies indicate that Trx2 acts as a novel chaperone in the unique single mitochondrion of T. brucei and reveal a new perspective regarding the physiological function of thioredoxin-type proteins in trypanosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B. Currier
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Natalie Dirdjaja
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matías Deambrosi
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Fachgebiet Geobiotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institut für Biologie-Mikrobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The sulfur biochemistry of the thiol group endows cysteines with a number of highly specialized and unique features that enable them to serve a variety of different functions in the cell. Typically highly conserved in proteins, cysteines are predominantly found in functionally or structurally crucial regions, where they act as stabilizing, catalytic, metal-binding and/or redox-regulatory entities. As highly abundant low molecular weight thiols, cysteine thiols and their oxidized disulfide counterparts are carefully balanced to maintain redox homeostasis in various cellular compartments, protect organisms from oxidative and xenobiotic stressors and partake actively in redox-regulatory and signaling processes. In this review, we will discuss the role of protein thiols as scavengers of hydrogen peroxide in antioxidant enzymes, use thiol peroxidases to exemplify how protein thiols contribute to redox signaling, provide an overview over the diverse set of low molecular weight thiol-based redox systems found in biology, and illustrate how thiol-based redox systems have evolved not only to protect against but to take full advantage of a world full of molecular oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebersoll S, Musunda B, Schmenger T, Dirdjaja N, Bonilla M, Manta B, Ulrich K, Comini MA, Krauth-Siegel RL. A glutaredoxin in the mitochondrial intermembrane space has stage-specific functions in the thermo-tolerance and proliferation of African trypanosomes. Redox Biol 2018; 15:532-547. [PMID: 29413965 PMCID: PMC5975080 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a dithiol glutaredoxin that is specifically located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Bloodstream form parasites lacking Grx2 or both, Grx2 and the cytosolic Grx1, are viable in vitro and infectious to mice suggesting that neither oxidoreductase is needed for survival or infectivity to mammals. A 37 °C to 39 °C shift changes the cellular redox milieu of bloodstream cells to more oxidizing conditions and induces a significantly stronger growth arrest in wildtype parasites compared to the mutant cells. Grx2-deficient cells ectopically expressing the wildtype form of Grx2 with its C31QFC34 active site, but not the C34S mutant, regain the sensitivity of the parental strain, indicating that the physiological role of Grx2 requires both active site cysteines. In the procyclic insect stage of the parasite, Grx2 is essential. Both alleles can be replaced if procyclic cells ectopically express authentic or C34S, but not C31S/C34S Grx2, pointing to a redox role that relies on a monothiol mechanism. RNA-interference against Grx2 causes a virtually irreversible proliferation defect. The cells adopt an elongated morphology but do not show any significant alteration in the cell cycle. The growth retardation is attenuated by high glucose concentrations. Under these conditions, procyclic cells obtain ATP by substrate level phosphorylation suggesting that Grx2 might regulate a respiratory chain component. Bloodstream T. brucei lacking glutaredoxin 2 are fully viable in vitro and in vivo. A temperature rise shifts the cellular redox state to more oxidizing conditions. Glutaredoxin 2-deficiency confers bloodstream cells with thermo-tolerance. The insect stage requires redox-active glutaredoxin 2 for viability and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ebersoll
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Blessing Musunda
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schmenger
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Dirdjaja
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Manta
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ulrich K, Finkenzeller C, Merker S, Rojas F, Matthews K, Ruppert T, Krauth-Siegel RL. Stress-Induced Protein S-Glutathionylation and S-Trypanothionylation in African Trypanosomes-A Quantitative Redox Proteome and Thiol Analysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:517-533. [PMID: 28338335 PMCID: PMC5567454 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Trypanosomatids have a unique trypanothione-based thiol redox metabolism. The parasite-specific dithiol is synthesized from glutathione and spermidine, with glutathionylspermidine as intermediate catalyzed by trypanothione synthetase. In this study, we address the oxidative stress response of African trypanosomes with special focus on putative protein S-thiolation. RESULTS Challenging bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei with diamide, H2O2 or hypochlorite results in distinct levels of reversible overall protein S-thiolation. Quantitative proteome analyses reveal 84 proteins oxidized in diamide-stressed parasites. Fourteen of them, including several essential thiol redox proteins and chaperones, are also enriched when glutathione/glutaredoxin serves as a reducing system indicating S-thiolation. In parasites exposed to H2O2, other sets of proteins are modified. Only three proteins are S-thiolated under all stress conditions studied in accordance with a highly specific response. H2O2 causes primarily the formation of free disulfides. In contrast, in diamide-treated cells, glutathione, glutathionylspermidine, and trypanothione are almost completely protein bound. Remarkably, the total level of trypanothione is decreased, whereas those of glutathione and glutathionylspermidine are increased, indicating partial hydrolysis of protein-bound trypanothione. Depletion of trypanothione synthetase exclusively induces protein S-glutathionylation. Total mass analyses of a recombinant peroxidase treated with T(SH)2 and either diamide or hydrogen peroxide verify protein S-trypanothionylation as stable modification. INNOVATION Our data reveal for the first time that trypanosomes employ protein S-thiolation when exposed to exogenous and endogenous oxidative stresses and trypanothione, despite its dithiol character, forms protein-mixed disulfides. CONCLUSION The stress-specific responses shown here emphasize protein S-trypanothionylation and S-glutathionylation as reversible protection mechanism in these parasites. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 517-533.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- 1 Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Merker
- 2 Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Rojas
- 3 Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Matthews
- 3 Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- 2 Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Previti S, Ettari R, Cosconati S, Amendola G, Chouchene K, Wagner A, Hellmich UA, Ulrich K, Krauth-Siegel RL, Wich PR, Schmid I, Schirmeister T, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors Targeting Rhodesain and Falcipain-2 for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). J Med Chem 2017; 60:6911-6923. [PMID: 28763614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a class of peptide-based inhibitors as novel antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents. The inhibitors are based on a characteristic peptide sequence for the inhibition of the cysteine proteases rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and falcipain-2 of Plasmodium falciparum. We exploited the reactivity of novel unsaturated electrophilic functions such as vinyl-sulfones, -ketones, -esters, and -nitriles. The Michael acceptors inhibited both rhodesain and falcipain-2, at nanomolar and micromolar levels, respectively. In particular, the vinyl ketone 3b has emerged as a potent rhodesain inhibitor (k2nd = 67 × 106 M-1 min-1), endowed with a picomolar binding affinity (Ki = 38 pM), coupled with a single-digit micromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 = 2.97 μM), thus being considered as a novel lead compound for the discovery of novel effective antitrypanosomal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Khawla Chouchene
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UR/11-ES-74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax , Route de l'aeroport, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Annika Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Wich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ira Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ørskov Lindhardt B, Ulrich K, Ryder L, Dickmeiss E, Sørensen H, Jørgensen J, Jersild C, Grunnet N. HTLV-III Antibody Testing in Three Danish Blood Banks. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000461534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Engel KR, Obst K, Bandelow B, Dechent P, Gruber O, Zerr I, Ulrich K, Wedekind D. Functional MRI activation in response to panic-specific, non-panic aversive, and neutral pictures in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:557-66. [PMID: 26585457 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that besides limbic brain structures, prefrontal and insular cortical activations and deactivations are involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. This study investigated activation response patterns to stimulation with individually selected panic-specific pictures in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and healthy control subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Structures of interest were the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular cortex, and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex. Nineteen PDA subjects (10 females, 9 males) and 21 healthy matched controls were investigated using a Siemens 3-Tesla scanner. First, PDA subjects gave Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) ratings on 120 pictures showing characteristic panic/agoraphobia situations, of which 20 pictures with the individually highest SAM ratings were selected. Twenty matched pictures showing aversive but not panic-specific stimuli and 80 neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System were chosen for each subject as controls. Each picture was shown twice in each of four subsequent blocks. Anxiety and depression ratings were recorded before and after the experiment. Group comparisons revealed a significantly greater activation in PDA patients than control subjects in the insular cortices, left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, the left hippocampal formation, and left caudatum, when PA and N responses were compared. Comparisons for stimulation with unspecific aversive pictures showed activation of similar brain regions in both groups. Results indicate region-specific activations to panic-specific picture stimulation in PDA patients. They also imply dysfunctionality in the processing of interoceptive cues in PDA and the regulation of negative emotionality. Therefore, differences in the functional networks between PDA patients and control subjects should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anxiety Research Unit, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Obst
- University clinik Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany
| | - B Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anxiety Research Unit, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - P Dechent
- Core Facility MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, Goettingen, Germany
| | - O Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anxiety Research Unit, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Systemic Neurosciences, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D Wedekind
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anxiety Research Unit, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gok Oguz E, Olmaz R, Turgutalp K, Muslu N, Sungur MA, Kiykim A, Van Biesen W, Vanmassenhove J, Glorieux G, Vanholder R, Chew S, Forster K, Kaufeld T, Kielstein J, Schilling T, Haverich A, Haller H, Schmidt B, Hu P, Liang X, Liang X, Chen Y, LI R, Jiang F, LI Z, Shi W, Lim CCW, Lim CCW, Chia CML, Tan AK, Tan CS, Hu P, Liang X, Liang X, Chen Y, LI R, Jiang F, LI Z, Shi W, Ng R, Subramani S, Chew S, Perez de Jose A, Bernis Carro C, Madero Jarabo R, Bustamante J, Sanchez Tomero JA, Chung W, Ro H, Chang JH, Lee HH, Jung JY, Vanmassenhove J, Van Biesen W, Glorieux G, Vanholder R, Fazzari L, Giuliani A, Scrivano J, Pettorini L, Benedetto U, Luciani R, Roscitano A, Napoletano A, Coclite D, Cordova E, Punzo G, Sinatra R, Mene P, Pirozzi N, Shavit L, Shavit L, Manilov R, Algur N, Wiener-Well Y, Slotki I, Pipili C, Pipili C, Vrettou CS, Avrami K, Economidou F, Glynos K, Ioannidou S, Markaki V, Douka E, Nanas S, De Pascalis A, De Pascalis A, Cofano P, Proia S, Valletta A, Vitale O, Russo F, Buongiorno E, Filiopoulos V, Biblaki D, Lazarou D, Chrysis D, Fatourou M, Lafoyianni S, Vlassopoulos D, Zakiyanov O, Kriha V, Vachek J, Svarcova J, Zima T, Tesar V, Kalousova M, Kaushik M, Kaushik M, Ronco C, Cruz D, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Chen N, Ejaz AA, Kambhampati G, Ejaz N, Dass B, Lapsia V, Arif AA, Asmar A, Shimada M, Alsabbagh M, Aiyer R, Johnson R, Chen TH, Chang CH, Chang MY, Tian YC, Hung CC, Fang JT, Yang CW, Chen YC, Cantaluppi V, Quercia AD, Figliolini F, Giacalone S, Pacitti A, Gai M, Guarena C, Leonardi G, Leonardi G, Biancone L, Camussi G, Segoloni GP, De Cal M, Lentini P, Clementi A, Virzi GM, Scalzotto E, Ronco C, Lacquaniti A, Lacquaniti A, Donato V, Fazio MR, Lucisano S, Cernaro V, Lupica R, Buemi M, Turgutalp K, Helvaci I, Anik E, Kiykim A, Wani M, Wani DI, Bhat DMA, Banday DK, Najar DMS, Reshi DAR, Palla DNA, Turgutalp K, Kiykim A, Helvaci I, Iglesias P, Olea T, Vega-Cabrera C, Heras M, Bajo MA, Del Peso G, Arias MJ, Selgas R, Diez JJ, Daher E, Costa PL, Pereira ENS, Santos RDP, Abreu KL, Silva Junior G, Pereira EDB, Raimundo M, Crichton S, Syed Y, Martin J, Whiteley C, Bennett D, Ostermann M, Gjyzari A, Thereska N, Koroshi A, Barbullushi M, Kodra S, Idrizi A, Strakosha A, Petrela E, Raimundo M, Crichton S, Syed Y, Martin J, Lemmich Smith J, Bennett D, Ostermann M, Klimenko A, Tuykhmenev E, Villevalde S, Kobalava Z, Avdoshina S, Villevalde S, Tyukhmenev E, Efremovtseva M, Kobalava Z, Hayashi H, Hayashi H, Suzuki S, Kataoka K, Kondoh Y, Taniguchi H, Sugiyama D, Nishimura K, Sato W, Maruyama S, Matsuo S, Yuzawa Y, Geraldine D, Muriel F, Alexandre H, Eric R, Fu P, Zhang L, Pozzato M, Ferrari F, Cecere P, Mesiano P, Vallero A, Livigni S, Quarello F, Hudier L, Decaux O, Haddj-Elmrabet A, Mandart L, Lino-Daniel M, Bridoux F, Renaudineau E, Sawadogo T, Le Pogamp P, Vigneau C, Famee D, Koo HM, Oh HJ, Han SH, Choi KH, Kang SW, Mehdi M, Nicolas M, Mariat C, Shah P, Kute VB, Vanikar A, Gumber M, Patel H, Trivedi H, Pipili C, Pipili C, Manetos C, Vrettou CS, Poulaki S, Tripodaki ES, Papastylianou A, Routsi C, Nanas S, Uchida K, Kensuke U, Yamagata K, Saitou C, Okada M, Chita G, Davies M, Veriawa Y, Naicker S, Mukhopadhyay P, Mukherjee D, Mishra R, Kar M, Zickler D, Wesselmann H, Schindler R, Gutierrez* E, Egido J, Rubio-Navarro A, Buendia I, Blanco-Colio LM, Toldos O, Manzarbeitia F, De Lorenzo A, Sanchez R, Praga^ M, Moreno^ JA, Kim MY, Kang NR, Jang HR, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Hong SC, Kim JS, Oh HY, Okamoto T, Kamata K, Naito S, Tazaki H, Kan S, Anne-Kathrin LG, Matthias K, Speer T, Andreas L, Heinrich G, Thomas V, Poppleton A, Danilo F, Matthias K, Lai CF, Wu VC, Shiao CC, Huang TM, Wu KD, Bedford M, Farmer C, Irving J, Stevens P, Patera F, Patera F, Mattozzi F, Battistoni S, Fagugli RM, Park MY, Choi SJ, Kim JG, Hwang SD, Xie H, Chen H, Xu S, He Q, Liu J, Hu W, Liu Z, Dalboni M, Blaya R, Quinto BM, Narciso R, Oliveira M, Monte J, Durao M, Cendoroglo M, Batista M, Hanemann AL, Liborio A, Daher E, Martins A, Pinheiro MCC, Silva Junior G, Meneses G, De Paula Pessoa R, Sousa M, Bezerra FSM, Albuquerque PLMM, Lima JB, Lima CB, Veras MDSB, Silva Junior G, Daher E, Nemoto Matsui T, Totoli C, Cruz Andreoli MC, Vilela Coelho MP, Guimaraes de Souza NK, Ammirati AL, De Carvalho Barreto F, Ferraz Neto BH, Fortunato Cardoso Dos Santos B, Abraham A, Abraham G, Mathew M, Duarte PMA, Duarte FB, Barros EM, Castro FQS, Silva Junior G, Daher E, Palomba H, Castro I, Sousa SR, Jesus AN, Romano T, Burdmann E, Yu L, Kwon SH, You JY, Hyun YK, Woo SA, Jeon JS, Noh HJ, Han DC, Tozija L, Tozija L, Petronievic Z, Selim G, Nikolov I, Stojceva-Taneva O, Cakalaroski K, Lukasz A, Beneke J, Schmidt B, Kielstein J, Haller H, Menne J, Schiffer M, Polanco N, Hernandez E, Gutierrez E, Gutierrez Millet V, Gonzalez Monte E, Morales E, Praga M, Francisco Javier L, Nuria GF, Jose Maria MG, Bes Rastrollo M, Angioi A, Conti M, Cao R, Atzeni A, Pili G, Matta V, Murgia E, Melis P, Binda V, Pani A, Thome* F, Leusin F, Barros E, Morsch C, Balbinotto A, Pilla C, Premru V, Buturovic-Ponikvar J, Ponikvar R, Marn-Pernat A, Knap B, Kovac J, Gubensek J, Kersnic B, Krnjak L, Prezelj M, Granatova J, Havrda M, Hruskova Z, Kratka K, Remes O, Mokrejsova M, Bolkova M, Lanska V, Rychlik I, Uniacke MD, Lewis RJ, Harris S, Roderick P, Thome* F, Balbinotto A, Barros E, Morsch C, Martin N, Ulrich K, Jan B, Jorn B, Reinhard B, Jan K, Hermann H, Meyer Tobias F, Leyla R, Schmidt Bernhard MW, Harald S, Jurgen S, Tanja K, Menne J, Mario S, Jan B, Jan B, Sang Hi E, Leyla R, Claus M, Frank V, Aleksej S, Sengul S, Jan K, Jorn B, Reinhard B, Meyer Tobias F, Schmidt Bernhard MW, Mario S, Martin N, Ulrich K, Robert S, Karin W, Tanja K, Hermann H, Menne J, Leyla R, Leyla R, Jan K, Jan B, Reinhard B, Feikah G, Hermann H, Tanja K, Ulrich K, Menne Tobias F, Claus M, Martin N, Mario S, Schmidt Bernhard MW, Harald S, Jurgen S, Menne J, Claus M, Claus M, Jan K, Jan B, Reinhard B, Feikah G, Hermann H, Ulrich K, Menne Tobias F, Meyer Tobias N, Martin N, Leyla R, Schmidt Bernhard MW, Harald S, Jurgen S, Tanja K, Mario S, Menne J, Kielstein J, Beutel G, Fleig S, Steinhoff J, Meyer T, Hafer C, Bramstedt J, Busch V, Vischedyk M, Kuhlmann U, Ries W, Mitzner S, Mees S, Stracke S, Nurnberger J, Gerke P, Wiesner M, Sucke B, Abu-Tair M, Kribben A, Klause N, Schindler R, Merkel F, Schnatter S, Dorresteijn E, Samuelsson O, Brunkhorst R, Stec-Hus Registry G, Reising A, Hafer C, Kielstein J, Schmidt B, Bange FC, Hiss M, Vetter F, Kielstein J, Beneke J, Bode-Boger SM, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Schiffer M, Schmidt BMW, Haller H, Menne J, Kielstein JT, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H. AKI - Clinical. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Shin SJ, Rhee MY, Lim C, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Di;ez R, Rayego-Mateos S, Benito-Martin A, Rodrigues-Diez R, Alique M, Ortiz A, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Axelsson J, Axelsson J, Rippe A, Sverrisson K, Rippe B, Calo L, Dal Maso L, Pagnin E, Caielli P, Calo L, Pagnin E, Dal Maso L, Caielli P, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Karasavvidou D, Pappas K, Balafa O, Siamopoulos K, Fang TC, Lee TJF, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Pappas E, Ermeidi E, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, Blazquez-Medela A, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Wu HY, Peng YS, Hung KY, Tsai TJ, Tu YK, Chien KL, Larsen T, Mose FH, Hansen AB, Pedersen EB, Quiroz Y, Rivero M, Yaguas K, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Xydakis D, Sfakianaki M, Petra C, Maragaki E, Antonaki E, Krasoudaki E, Kostakis K, Stylianou K, Papadogiannakis A, Sagliker Y, Paylar N, Heidland A, Keck A, Erek R, Kolasin P, S Ozkaynak P, Sagliker HS, Gokcay I, Ritz E, Koleganova N, Gross-Weissmann ML, Piecha G, Reinecke N, Marquez Cunha T, M . S. Higa E, Pfeferman Heilberg I, Neder JA, Nishiura JL, Silva Almeida W, Schor N, Tapia E, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Cristobal M, Soto V, Garci;a-Arroyo F, Monroy-Sanchez F, Madero M, Johnson R, Kim SM, Yang SH, Kim YS, Karanovic S, Fistrek M, Kos J, Pecin I, Premuzic V, Abramovic M, Matijevic V, Cvoriscec D, Cvitkovic A, Knezevic M, Bitunjac M, Laganovic M, Jelakovic B, Liu F, Wu M, Fu P, Klok Matthesen S, Klok Matthesen S, Larsen T, Guldager Lauridsen T, Vase H, Gjorup Holland P, Nykjaer KM, Nielsen S, Bjerregaard Pedersen E, Blazquez-Medela A, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Montero MJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Vink E, Willemien V, Michiel V, Wilko S, Evert-Jan V, Blankestijn P, Zerbi S, Pedrini LA, Zbroch E, Zbroch E, Malyszko J, Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M, Quelhas-Santos J, Quelhas-Santos J, Serrao P, Soares-Silva I, Tang L, Sampaio-Maia B, Desir G, Pestana M, Elsurer R, Demir T, Celik G, Yavas M, Yavas O, Murphy M, Jacquillet G, Unwin RJ, Chichger H, Shirley DG, Caraba A, Andreea M, Corina S, Ioan R, Nowicki M, Bobik M, Pawelec A, Lacisz J, Zapala A, Bryc K, Esposito C, Scaramuzzi ML, Manini A, Torreggiani M, Beneventi F, Spinillo A, Grosjean F, Fasoli G, Dal Canton A, Christos C, Christos C, Bernhard M.W. S, Martin N, Jan K, Claus M, Leyla R, Jan B, Ulrich K, Hermann H, Menne J, Pavicevic M, Pavicevic M, Markovic S, Igrutinovic Z. Hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
16
|
Wedekind D, Gruber O, Obst K, Dechent P, Engel K, Ulrich K, Bandelow B. FC25-02 - Functional MRI activation in response to panic-specific, non-panic aversive, and neutral imagery in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThere is evidence that, besides limbic brain structures, prefrontal and insular cortical activations and deactivations are involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder.Objectives and aimsUsing fMRI, this study investigated BOLD response patterns to stimulation with individually selected panic-specific pictures in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and healthy controls. Structures of interest were the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular cortex, and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex.Methods21 PDA subjects (12 female, 9 male) and 21 matched controls were investigated using a Siemens 3 T scanner. Before, PDA subjects gave ratings on 120 pictures showing characteristic panic/agoraphobia situations (PA). 20 pictures with the individually highest ratings were selected. 20 matching pictures showing aversive but not panic-specific stimuli (A) and 80 neutral pictures (N) from the International Affective Picture-System (IAPS) were chosen for each subject. Anxiety and depression ratings were recorded.ResultsGroup comparisons revealed a significantly greater BOLD response in PDA subjects than in controls in the insular cortices, left inferior frontal gyrus, dmPFC, the left hippocampal formation, and left caudatum (p < .005), when PA and N responses were compared. Group comparisons for stimulation with A compared to PA showed activation of similar brain regions in both groups but with different peak coordinates.ConclusionsResults indicate specific activation patterns to panic-specific picture stimulation in PDA patients. Distinct peak coordinates between PA and A differ between groups. This might implicate that the brain circuits underlying processing of aversive stimuli might differ in their function in PDA patients compared to healthy subjects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bernhard MK, Gläser A, Ulrich K, Merkenschlager A. Is there a need for ophthalmological examinations after a first seizure in paediatric patients? Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:31-3. [PMID: 19271236 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-009-0966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the recommendations of the International Liga against Epilepsy, many hospitals perform routinely complete ophthalmological examinations in children admitted after a first seizure. As there is no study available to date to prove the benefit of complete eye examinations in first seizure diagnosis, we conducted a study to analyse the value of a complete ophthalmological examination. All children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the children's university hospital of Leipzig with the clinical diagnosis of a first convulsive or non-convulsive afebrile seizure between 1999 and August 2005 were investigated. All children who had obtained a complete ophthalmological examination within 72 h after the seizure were included in the observational study. A total of 310 children were analysed in the study. Two hundred thirty patients had a tonic-clonic afebrile seizure, the others focal, complex-partial seizures or absences. Two hundred seven out of 310 children showed no ophthalmological pathologies. Eighty-three children had refraction anomalies or strabism, 18 children had optic atrophy, three had congenital eye muscle paresis, and three had malformations. A 16-year-old girl had a homonymous quadrantanopia due to an occipital glioglioma that caused the seizure. An 11-year-old girl had a retinal haemorrhage without any brain lesions after a fall caused by a first tonic-clonic seizure. None of the ophthalmological findings influenced directly the immediate clinical course of diagnosis and treatment of the seizure. Our data suggest that routine ophthalmological examination in all children does not have additional benefit in the first seizure diagnosis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias K Bernhard
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Gunreben-Stempfle B, Grießinger N, Lang E, Muehlhans B, Sittl R, Ulrich K. Effectiveness of an Intensive Multidisciplinary Headache Treatment Program. Headache 2009; 49:990-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Schinz H, Baensch W, Friedl E, Franke H, Holzmann M, Hotz A, Lindgren E, Lysholm E, Uehlinger E, Ulrich K, Weltz G, Zuppinger A, Holfelder H. Lehrbuch der Röntgendiagnostik1. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kostopoulos P, Ulrich K, Walter S, Heinz G, Fassbender K. Pentoxifyllininduzierte Pachymeningitis bei einer Patientin mit M. Bechterew. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Stroszczynski C, Ulrich K, Grützmann R, Dittert D, Hoff D, Laniado D. Ergebnisse der Diffusions-MRT bei Pankreaserkrankungen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Like with many sensory abilities a reduction of taste and smell occurs during aging. Since there are hints to an additional reduction in dementing diseases, we assessed 52 patients, 26 women and 26 men, who were presented to a memory clinic, using the Sniffin' Sticks, Whole Mouth and Taste Strip Tests. While smoking, alcohol consumption, intake of drugs and sex exerted only minor impact, age and the severity of cognitive impairment were of major importance. There was a moderate but significant correlation between the severity of dementia, taste and smell, even if the age effect was partialled out. Notably, patients with Parkinson syndrome showed worse taste and smell abilities than those without. Here the differences were indeed marked enough to play a possible role in making the diagnosis. This exploratory study confirms a mild reduction of gustatory function in dementing diseases over and beyond that of normal aging which--in addition to a reduction of smell--seems to be especially marked in Parkinson syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J G Lang
- Neurological Unit, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Seven P2X and fifteen P2Y receptors have been identified to date, partly on the basis of amino acid sequence homologies. The expression of all cloned human purinergic P2 receptors was investigated on the messenger RNA level in promonocytic U937 cells, erythroblastic K562 cells, and undifferentiated, dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated granulocytic, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-differentiated monocytic HL60 cells. RT-PCR assays showed expression of several P2X receptors, whereas all P2Y receptors were found in at least some of the analyzed cells lines. Granulocytic and monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells lead to a partly dramatic up- or downregulation of receptor transcripts. The number of different P2 receptors expressed in each cell type showed a significant rise from U937 cells via K562 cells, undifferentiated and granulocytic, to monocytic HL60 cells. The total mRNA amounts being normalized to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase levels demonstrated an even more distinct variability of absolute transcript levels. An increased number of different P2 receptors expressed were associated with an increased total average P2 receptor mRNA amount in each cell. This phenomenon of overexpression suggests self-inductive effects of purinergic signaling indicating its involvement in hematopoiesis and possibly in immunoreactive mediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Bernhard
- Children's Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04317, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ulrich K, Tröscher-Weber R, Tomandl BF, Neundörfer B, Reinhardt F. Posterior reversible encephalopathy in eclampsia: diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient-mapping as prognostic tools? Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:309-10. [PMID: 16618354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Ulrich K, Stern M, Goddard ME, Williams J, Zhu J, Dewar A, Painter HA, Jeffery PK, Gill DR, Hyde SC, Geddes DM, Takata M, Alton EWFW. Keratinocyte growth factor therapy in murine oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 288:L1179-92. [PMID: 15681392 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00450.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cell proliferation and differentiation are important mechanisms in repair following injury to the alveolar epithelium. KGF is a potent ATII cell mitogen, which has been demonstrated to be protective in a number of animal models of lung injury. We have assessed the effect of recombinant human KGF (rhKGF) and liposome-mediated KGF gene delivery in vivo and evaluated the potential of KGF as a therapy for acute lung injury in mice. rhKGF was administered intratracheally in male BALB/c mice to assess dose response and time course of proliferation. SP-B immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant increases in ATII cell numbers at all rhKGF doses compared with control animals and peaked 2 days following administration of 10 mg/kg rhKGF. Protein therapy in general is very expensive, and gene therapy has been suggested as a cheaper alternative for many protein replacement therapies. We evaluated the effect of topical and systemic liposome-mediated KGF-gene delivery on ATII cell proliferation. SP-B immunohistochemistry showed only modest increases in ATII cell numbers following gene delivery, and these approaches were therefore not believed to be capable of reaching therapeutic levels. The effect of rhKGF was evaluated in a murine model of OA-induced lung injury. This model was found to be associated with significant alveolar damage leading to severe impairment of gas exchange and lung compliance. Pretreatment with rhKGF 2 days before intravenous OA challenge resulted in significant improvements in PO2, PCO2, and lung compliance. This study suggests the feasibility of KGF as a therapy for acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ulrich
- Dept. of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ulrich K. Chemoselective Diels–Alder reactions of a non-symmetrical bis(carbene)-bridged ditungsten complex with 1,3-dienes. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Stern M, Ulrich K, Geddes DM, Alton EWFW. Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)/DNA microspheres to facilitate prolonged transgene expression in airway epithelium in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1282-8. [PMID: 12883524 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeat administration of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis is likely to be essential for long-term clinical efficacy. This may be minimized by the use of slow-release gene transfer preparations with more prolonged expression and longer dosing intervals for the patient. Poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that has been used to encapsulate plasmid DNA. PLG-DNA microspheres were generated and characterized with respect to morphology, size (80% of particles <5.2 microm), and encapsulation efficiency (50.7+/-2.3%, n=6). Gel electrophoresis of DNA re-extracted from the microspheres confirmed that despite a decrease in the proportion of supercoiled conformation, it had not been degraded by the preparation process. Gene transfer efficiency was tested using microspheres encapsulating the reporter gene beta-galactosidase in vitro on Cos 7 cells and a CF airway epithelial line (CFTEo approximately ) and ex vivo in a sheep tracheal (s.t.) model. In both cases, transgene expression was significantly (P<0.01) lower at the first time point tested (24 h in vitro, 48 h ex vivo) compared to lipid-#67-mediated gene transfer. However, PLG-mediated expression in vitro was sustained at 48 h, while lipid #67-mediated expression levels had dropped significantly (P<0.05) to 50.3+/-13.7 and 38.2+/-2.7% (Cos 7 and CFTEo approximately cells, respectively) of the 24-h level. This pattern was also seen in the s.t. model where at 72 h, PLG-mediated expression was 125.4+/-7.2% of the 48-h level demonstrating significantly (P<0.05) better retention of transfection efficiency than lipid #67, where levels had fallen to approximately half the 48 h level. By 96 h, expression was still retained in the PLG-transfected group (87.3+/-12.5% of 48 h expression) but was undetectable in the lipid -#67-transfected s.t. Finally, PLG microspheres, encapsulating the reporter gene chloramphenicol transferase (CAT, 80 microg) were instilled intranasally into Balb/C mice. Compared to lipid-#67-mediated delivery, where whole lung CAT expression was highest at 48 h (13.7 x 10(3)+/-0.05 CAT U/microg protein, n=6) and then not detectable at further time points, CAT expression was not detectable in PLG-transfected mice at 48 h, but was detectable at 7, 14 and 21 days after transfection. These data demonstrate that PLG-mediated gene transfer can produce prolonged gene expression in airway epithelia. However, gene transfer efficiency still requires significant improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Stern
- Department of Gene Therapy, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, Jenkins PL. Systolic versus diastolic heart failure in community practice: clinical features, outcomes, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Med 2000; 109:605-13. [PMID: 11099679 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with heart failure, there is controversy about whether there are clinical features and laboratory tests that can differentiate patients who have low ejection fractions from those with normal ejection fractions. The usefulness of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors among heart failure patients who have normal left ventricular ejection fractions is also not known. METHODS From a registry of 2,906 unselected consecutive patients with heart failure who were admitted to 10 acute-care community hospitals during 1995 and 1997, we identified 1291 who had a quantitative measurement of their left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients were separated into three groups based on ejection fraction: < or =0.39 (n = 741, 57%), 0.40 to 0.49 (n = 238, 18%), and > or =0.50 (n = 312, 24%). In-hospital mortality, prescription of ACE inhibitors at discharge, subsequent rehospitalization, quality of life, and survival were measured; survivors were observed for at least 6 months after hospitalization. RESULTS The mean (+/- SD) age of the sample was 75+/-11 years; the majority (55%) of patients were women. In multivariate models, age >75 years, female sex, weight >72.7 kg, and a valvular etiology for heart failure were associated with an increased probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50; a prior history of heart failure, an ischemic or idiopathic cause of heart failure, and radiographic cardiomegaly were associated with a lower probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50. Total mortality was lower in patients with an ejection fraction > or =0.50 than in those with an ejection fraction < or =0.39 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI 0.49 to 0.98, P = 0.04). Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction of 0.40 to 0.49, the 65% who were prescribed ACE inhibitors at discharge had better mean adjusted quality-of-life scores (7.0 versus 6.2, P = 0.02), and lower adjusted mortality (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.70, P = 0.01) during follow-up than those who were not prescribed ACE inhibitors. Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction > or =0.50, the 45% who were prescribed ACE inhibitors at discharge had better (lower) adjusted New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (2.1 versus 2.4, P = 0.04) although there was no significant improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS Among patients treated for heart failure in community hospitals, 42% of those whose ejection fraction was measured had a relatively normal systolic function (ejection fraction > or 0.40). The clinical characteristics and mortality of these patients differed from those in patients with low ejection fractions. Among the patients with ejection fractions > or =0.40, the prescription of ACE inhibitors at discharge was associated favorable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Philbin
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation (EFP), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, McCall M, Jenkins PL. The results of a randomized trial of a quality improvement intervention in the care of patients with heart failure. The MISCHF Study Investigators. Am J Med 2000; 109:443-9. [PMID: 11042232 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality improvement and disease management programs for heart failure have improved quality of care and patient outcomes at large tertiary care hospitals. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a regional, multihospital, collaborative quality improvement intervention on care and outcomes in heart failure in community hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized controlled study included 10 acute care community hospitals in upstate New York. After a baseline period, 5 hospitals were randomly assigned to receive a multifaceted quality improvement intervention (n = 762 patients during the baseline period; n = 840 patients postintervention), while 5 were assigned to a "usual care" control (n = 640 patients during the baseline period; n = 664 patients postintervention). Quality of care was determined using explicit criteria by reviewing the charts of consecutive patients hospitalized with the primary diagnosis of heart failure during the baseline period and again in the postintervention period. Clinical outcomes included hospital length of stay and charges, in-hospital and 6-month mortality, hospital readmission, and quality of life measured after discharge. RESULTS Patients had similar characteristics in the baseline and postintervention phases in the intervention and control groups. Using hospital-level analyses, the intervention had mixed effects on 5 quality-of-care markers that were not statistically significant. The mean of the average length of stay among hospitals decreased from 8.0 to 6.2 days in the intervention group, with a smaller decline in mean length of stay in the control group (7.7 to 7.0 days). The net effects of the intervention were nonsignificant changes in length of stay of -1.1 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.9 to 0.7 days, P = 0.18) and in hospital charges of -$817 (95% CI: -$2560 to $926, P = 0.31). There were small and nonsignificant effects on mortality, hospital readmission, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The incremental effect of regional collaboration among peer community hospitals toward the goal of quality improvement was small and limited to a slightly, but not significantly, shorter length of stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Philbin
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation (EFP), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stern M, Ulrich K, Robinson C, Copeland J, Griesenbach U, Masse C, Cheng S, Munkonge F, Geddes D, Berthiaume Y, Alton E. Pretreatment with cationic lipid-mediated transfer of the Na+K+-ATPase pump in a mouse model in vivo augments resolution of high permeability pulmonary oedema. Gene Ther 2000; 7:960-6. [PMID: 10849556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of pulmonary oedema is mediated by active absorption of liquid across the alveolar epithelium. A key component of this process is the sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+K+-ATPase) enzyme located on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and up-regulated during oedema resolution. We hypothesised that lung liquid clearance could be further up-regulated by lipid-mediated transfer and expression of exogenous Na+K+-ATPase cDNA. We demonstrate proof of this principle in a model of high permeability pulmonary oedema induced by intraperitoneal injection of thiourea (2.5 mg/kg) in C57/BL6 mice. Pretreatment of mice (24 h before thiourea) by nasal sniffing of cationic liposome (lipid #67)-DNA complexes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of Na+K+-ATPase (160 microg per mouse), significantly (P<0.01) decreased the wet:dry weight ratios measured 2 h after thiourea injection compared with control animals, pretreated with an equivalent dose of an irrelevant gene. Whole lung Na+K+-ATPase activity was significantly (P<0.05) increased in mice pretreated with Na+K+-ATPase cDNA compared both with untreated control animals as well as animals pretreated with the irrelevant gene. Nested RT-PCR on whole lung homogenates confirmed gene transfer by detection of vector-specific mRNA in three of four mice studied 24 h after gene transfer. This demonstration of a significant reduction in pulmonary oedema following in vivo gene transfer raises the possibility of gene therapy as a novel, localised approach for pulmonary oedema in clinical settings such as ARDS and lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Stern
- Department of Gene Therapy, Imperial College at the National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the recent information on the prognosis of patients with heart failure has come from large clinical trials or tertiary care centers. This study reports current information from a community hospital-based heart failure registry. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We compiled data from 2,906 unselected consecutive patients with heart failure who were admitted to 10 acute care community hospitals in New York State between 1995 and 1997. Patients were followed prospectively for 6 months after hospital discharge or until their death. RESULTS The mean (+/- SI)) age of the sample was 76 +/- 11 years. The majority of the patients were women (56%) and most were white (95%). Hospital length of stay averaged 7.4 +/- 7.6 days; hospital charges averaged $7,460 +/- $6,114. Mortality during the index admission was 5%. Among the 2,508 patients for whom mortality or follow-up data were available, an additional 411 died during follow-up, for a cumulative 6-month mortality of 23%. Progressive pump failure was the predominant cause of death in the hospital and after discharge. Although mean functional class (on a 1 to 4 scale) improved from 3.4 +/- 0.7 at hospital admission to 2.3 +/- 0.9 at 1 month after discharge, 43% of patients had at least one hospital readmission during follow-up and 25% had at least one recurrent admission for heart failure. The mean time from index discharge to first rehospitalization was 60 +/- 56 days. In all, 55% of patients (1,370 of 2,508) were rehospitalized or died during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in the management of heart failure, patients recently hospitalized for this disorder remain at high risk of death, hospital readmission, and poor clinical outcome. Discovery or implementation of new or existing methods of prevention and treatment remain a high priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Philbin
- Section of Heart Failure & Cardiac Transplantation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Skrobowski A, Cholewa M, Doroszewicz S, Ulrich K, Kubik L, Cwetsch A, Kamiński G. [Norms of arterial blood pressure for 24 hours based on biological activity]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 1999; 6:192-3. [PMID: 10391058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
So far there is no unambiguous universally accepted standards for 24 ABPM. Aim of this study was to establish standard values of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, taking into account minimal night values, corresponding with basic biological activity. 1204 patients were tested. In 707 of them, (mean age 42.5 +/- 14.7 years), arterial hypertension was recognized. Basic on our results we determined borderline values (112/69 mmHg) which are diagnostic for arterial hypertension. Those norms eliminate influence of environmental factors on values of blood pressure. They correspond with homeostasis in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Skrobowski
- Kliniki Chorób Wewnetrznych i Kardiologii CSK WAM w Warszawie
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Philbin EF, Lynch LJ, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, McCall M, Jenkins P, Roerden JB. Does QI work? The Management to Improve Survival in Congestive Heart Failure (MISCHF) study. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1996; 22:721-33. [PMID: 8937947 DOI: 10.1016/s1070-3241(16)30278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an ongoing study, a randomized, controlled trial is being conducted on the effects of a collaborative quality improvement program on practice patterns and patient outcomes regarding congestive heart failure (CHF) in community hospitals in upstate New York. CHF is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, with annual rates of death exceeding 50% among patients with the most severe disease. PHASE I Phase I of the study was designed to model the processes of care and outcomes, develop valid disease-specific risk adjustment techniques, and target areas for quality improvement (QI) intervention. Beginning April 1, 1995, and ending December 31, 1995, baseline data were collected during hospitalization and for six months postdischarge for all 1,402 consecutive patients assigned diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) 127 and 124. Preliminary analyses revealed high rates of hospital readmission (46%) and postdischarge death (18%), with significant interhospital variation. QI INITIATIVES Initiatives include educational programs on CHF, feedback of Phase I data to clinicians and administrators, design and implementation of a clinical care pathway, improvement of the emergency department (prehospital) phase of CHF management, and improvement in patient education and discharge planning. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that community hospitals, many without extensive experience in clinical investigation, can voluntarily collaborate to design and implement a timely QI initiative that is evidence based, clinically relevant, and scientifically sound. Preliminary results have led to better understanding of the processes of care and determinants of outcome for patients with heart failure. Phase II of the study should yield insights into the providers' response to a locally derived intervention and the effects of such a program on patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Philbin
- Division of Cardiology, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ulrich K, Zeilmann W, Neis KJ. Die laparoskopisch assistierte Hysterektomie. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02266019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Bugge TH, Hansen LL, Lindhardt BO, Kvinesdal B, Kusk P, Holmbäck K, Hulgaard E, Ulrich K. Competition ELISA using a human monoclonal antibody for detection of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol Methods 1991; 32:1-10. [PMID: 1712361 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel competition ELISA for detection of antibodies against HIV-1 was developed. The assay is based on competition at the single epitope level and utilises a human monoclonal antibody and an E. coli-produced fragment of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. The sensitivity of the assay was 100% in tests on 247 serum samples obtained from 219 individuals previously shown to be HIV-1 antibody positive by both conventional indirect ELISA and the immunoblotting test. The patients represented various clinical and immunological stages of HIV-1 infection. Likewise, the specificity of the assay was 100% in tests on 105 serum samples from normal individuals previously tested negative by indirect ELISA. Further, among 105 serum samples selected due to consistent false positive reactions in the indirect ELISA only 2 samples (1.9%) demonstrated false positive reactions in the competition ELISA, i.e. 98.1% specificity. Finally, only 2 of 57 (3.5%) serum samples from HIV-2 infected individuals showed positive reactions in the assay, while 54 (94.7%) had absorbance values similar to the negative controls. These results demonstrate that human monoclonal antibodies may form the basis for highly sensitive and specific assays for detection of antibodies to HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Bugge
- Laboratory of Tumor Virology, Fibiger Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bugge TH, Lindhardt BO, Hansen LL, Kusk P, Hulgaard E, Holmbäck K, Klasse PJ, Zeuthen J, Ulrich K. Analysis of a highly immunodominant epitope in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein, gp41, defined by a human monoclonal antibody. J Virol 1990; 64:4123-9. [PMID: 1696634 PMCID: PMC247875 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4123-4129.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A human monoclonal antibody, 41-7 [immunoglobulin G1(kappa)], directed against the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been produced by direct fusion of lymph node cells from an HIV-1-infected individual with a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. The minimal essential epitope for 41-7 was mapped to a conserved seven-amino acid sequence, N-CSGKLIC-C, located within the N-terminal part of gp41. Antibodies blocking the binding of 41-7 could be detected in the serum of all HIV-1-infected individuals tested, irrespective of the stage of the infection. The epitope is located externally to the plasma membrane, and it is accessible to antibody in the native conformation of the glycoprotein. Despite this, no neutralizing activity of 41-7 could be demonstrated in vitro. These data indicate, directly and indirectly, that this immunodominant epitope on gp41, although exposed on the viral surface, elicits antibodies lacking antiviral activity and, hence, should be avoided in future vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Bugge
- Laboratory of Tumor Virology, Fibiger Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Ulrich K. [Freckles and dysplasias of the eyebrows as indicators for genetic abnormalities of the development of the teeth and the jaws]. Stomatol DDR 1990; 40:64-6. [PMID: 2284637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For the first time the frequency of freckles and of dysplasias of the eyebrows was examinated in 756 pupils. The percentage of the freckles was 21, and of the dysplasias of the eyebrows 28.5 in both sexes. The following examination of 287 orthodontic patients (66 males with hypodontia, 60 males with normal number of the teeth; 92 females with hypodontia, 69 females with normal number of the teeth) has demonstrated the high significance of incidence of freckles and of dysplasias of the eyebrows in patient with hypodontia. This phenomenon is important, because extraoral stigmatas can indicate to disturbances of the development of teeth and also to anomalies of the number of the teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ulrich
- Kreispoliklinik für Stomatologie Stendal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Helgestad J, Pettersen R, Storm-Mathisen I, Schjerven L, Ulrich K, Smeland EB, Egeland T, Sørskaard D, Brøgger A, Hovig T. Characterization of a new malignant human T-cell line (PFI-285) sensitive to ascorbic acid. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1990; 44:9-17. [PMID: 2307225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1990.tb00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new malignant human T-cell line-labelled PFI-285-has been isolated from a boy with malignant lymphoma. Morphologically, the cells had characteristics of malignant lymphoid cells. The cells presented surface antigens as early cortical lymphocytes and proliferated non-adherently as single cells, independent of T-cell growth factor (IL-2), in liquid culture. The cells had undetectable levels of receptors for IL-2, were not clonogenic in soft agar, but did form tumors in nude mice. Their establishment and continuous growth in vitro was dependent on the number of cells inoculated and on the growth medium used. Cytogenetic alteration, HTLV-1 or reverse transcriptase activity were not detected. The production of known T-cell derived lymphokines such as IL-2, B-cell growth factor(s), alpha-interferon or granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating or inhibiting factor(s) was not detected. The cells had 5-8% natural killer (NK)-cell activity against NK-cell sensitive target cells (K562) and were not sensitive for NK cells. A most unusual characteristic was the pronounced sensitivity of the cells to ascorbic acid. Concentrations down to 50 mumol/l killed the cells within hours.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Banding
- Clone Cells
- Culture Techniques/methods
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Helgestad
- Department of Pediatric Research, National Hospital of Norway, Oslo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
This article describes isolated aplasia of the upper canines with retained deciduous canines in identical female twins. The twins are also concordant in some ectodermal stigmata. As a result of investigating other members of the family it appears that aplasia of the canines is due to a specific autosomal dominant gene.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lindhardt BO, Ulrich K, Nissen NI, Pedersen C, Skinhøj P. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing in 862 patients with lymphoma and leukaemia attending a department of haematology (1984-1988). Eur J Haematol 1989; 43:186-7. [PMID: 2792328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1989.tb00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
48
|
Lindhardt BO, Gerstoft J, Hofmann B, Pallesen G, Mathiesen L, Dickmeiss E, Ulrich K. Antibodies against the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus: relation to immunological, clinical and prognostic findings. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8:614-9. [PMID: 2506021 DOI: 10.1007/bf01968139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 79 homosexual men positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the titer and avidity of p24 antibody was determined by an indirect ELISA and the serum tested for the presence of HIV antigen. Results were examined for a possible correlation with clinical, immunological and prognostic findings. High titers and low avidity of p24 antibodies correlated significantly with a normal pokeweed mitogen response, early lymph node changes, and an asymptomatic and stable clinical condition. In HIV antigen negative patients, low titers and high avidity of p24 antibodies correlated significantly with a progressive clinical condition. The finding of primarily high avidity antibodies against p24 antigen in patients with more advanced immunodeficiency indicates that a decline of p24 antibodies during the clinical course of HIV infection may not be explained exclusively by an increased production of viral proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B O Lindhardt
- Laboratory of Tumor Virology, Fibiger Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Lindhardt BO, Lauritzen E, Ulrich K, Kvinesdal B, Pedersen C, Gaub J, Wantzin GL, Scheibel E. Serological markers of primary HIV infection. Scand J Infect Dis 1989; 21:491-6. [PMID: 2587952 DOI: 10.3109/00365548909037876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
39 persons with an incidentally discovered seroconversion from HIV antibody negative (Ab-) to antibody positive (Ab+) state as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were investigated for the presence of (1) HIV antigen (Ag) and (2) immunoblotting test (IBT) Ab in serum samples collected within the year before seroconversion. 13 (33%) of the patients were HIV Ag+ at some time before seroconversion. However, the collection of samples was not done systematically and the samples from patients who had at least 1 sample collected within 3 months before seroconversion were thus compiled separately. This group consisted of 58 samples from 19 patients and among these none were HIV Ag+ earlier than 11 weeks before seroconversion, but the prevalence of HIV Ag+ samples was rising towards seroconversion and 10 patients (53%, 95% confidence limits: 29-76%) became HIV Ag+ in this 11-week period. Further, among all patients 13 (33%) were IBT Ab+ 4-50 days (median: 14 days) before seroconversion. Finally, among 18 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with an acute HIV infection 10 were HIV Ag+, as opposed to 4 HIV Ag+ patients among 21 without symptoms (p = 0.041).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B O Lindhardt
- Laboratory of Tumor Virology, Fibiger Institute, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|