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Kumar A, Rithesh L, Kumar V, Raghuvanshi N, Chaudhary K, Abhineet, Pandey AK. Stenotrophomonas in diversified cropping systems: friend or foe? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214680. [PMID: 37601357 PMCID: PMC10437078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, the use of synthetic fertilizers is at its peak, which is an expensive affair, possesses harmful effects to the environment, negatively affecting soil fertility and beneficial soil microfauna as well as human health. Because of this, the demand for natural, chemical-free, and organic foods is increasing day by day. Therefore, in the present circumstances use of biofertilizers for plant growth-promotion and microbe-based biopesticides against biotic stresses are alternative options to reduce the risk of both synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microbial biocontrol agents are ecologically safe and effective. Owning their beneficial properties on plant systems without harming the ecosystem, they are catching the widespread interest of researchers, agriculturists, and industrialists. In this context, the genus Stenotrophomonas is an emerging potential source of both biofertilizer and biopesticide. This genus is particularly known for producing osmoprotective substances which play a key role in cellular functions, i.e., DNA replication, DNA-protein interactions, and cellular metabolism to regulate the osmotic balance, and also acts as effective stabilizers of enzymes. Moreover, few species of this genus are disease causing agents in humans that is why; it has become an emerging field of research in the present scenario. In the past, many studies were conducted on exploring the different applications of Stenotrophomonas in various fields, however, further researches are required to explore the various functions of Stenotrophomonas in plant growth promotion and management of pests and diseases under diverse growth conditions and to demonstrate its interaction with plant and soil systems. The present review discusses various plant growth and biocontrol attributes of the genus Stenotrophomonas in various food crops along with knowledge gaps. Additionally, the potential risks and challenges associated with the use of Stenotrophomonas in agriculture systems have also been discussed along with a call for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
- Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Lellapalli Rithesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Raghuvanshi
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kautilya Chaudhary
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Abhineet
- Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R&D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
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Malik S, Chaudhary K, Malik A, Punia H, Sewhag M, Berkesia N, Nagora M, Kalia S, Malik K, Kumar D, Kumar P, Kamboj E, Ahlawat V, Kumar A, Boora K. Superabsorbent Polymers as a Soil Amendment for Increasing Agriculture Production with Reducing Water Losses under Water Stress Condition. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010161. [PMID: 36616513 PMCID: PMC9824677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasing population, world agriculture is facing many challenges, such as climate change, urbanization, the use of natural resources in a sustainable manner, runoff losses, and the accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers. The global water shortage is a crisis for agriculture, because drought is one of the natural disasters that affect the farmers as well as their country's social, economic, and environmental status. The application of soil amendments is a strategy to mitigate the adverse impact of drought stress. The development of agronomic strategies enabling the reduction in drought stress in cultivated crops is, therefore, a crucial priority. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can be used as an amendment for soil health improvement, ultimately improving water holding capacity and plant available water. These are eco-friendly and non-toxic materials, which have incredible water absorption ability and water holding capacity in the soil because of their unique biochemical and structural properties. Polymers can retain water more than their weight in water and achieve approximately 95% water release. SAP improve the soil like porosity (0.26-6.91%), water holding capacity (5.68-17.90%), and reduce nitrogen leaching losses from soil by up to 45%. This review focuses on the economic assessment of the adoption of superabsorbent polymers and brings out the discrepancies associated with the influence of SAPs application in the context of different textured soil, presence of drought, and their adoption by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Malik
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kautilya Chaudhary
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Agriculture, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Meena Sewhag
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Berkesia
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mehak Nagora
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Sonika Kalia
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Kamla Malik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Ekta Kamboj
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Ahlawat
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department Pathology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kavita Boora
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Vats C, Sangwan P, Kumar V, Abhineet, Chauhan P, Chauhan RS, Chaudhary K. Recent insights into metallic nanoparticles in shelf-life extension of agrifoods: Properties, green synthesis, and major applications. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1025342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology emerged as a revolutionary technology in various fields of applied sciences, such as biomedical engineering and food technology. The pivotal roles of nanocompounds have been explored in various fields, such as food protection, preservation, and enhancement of shelf life. In this sequence, metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are proven to be useful in developing products with antimicrobial activity and subsequently improve the shelf life of agrifoods. The major application of MNPs has been observed in the packaging industry due to the combining ability of biopolymers with MNPs. In recent years, various metal nanoparticles have been explored to formulate various active food packaging materials. However, the method of production and the need for risk evaluation are still a topic of discussion among researchers around the world. In general, MNPs are synthesized by various chemical and physical means, which may pose variable health risks. To overcome such issues, the green synthesis of MNPs using microbial and plant extracts has been proposed by various researchers. In this review, we aimed at exploring the green synthesis of MNPs, their properties and characterization, various ways of utilizing MNPs to extend their shelf life, and, most importantly, the risk associated with these along with their quality and safety considerations.
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Mathew JE, Chaudhary K, Devana SK, Sharma AP. High rising flames: a sign of complex extraperitoneal bladder rupture. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:e35-e36. [PMID: 34928712 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraperitoneal bladder rupture is the most common type of bladder injury following pelvic trauma and is seen in 80-90% of cases. Generally, the contrast extravasation seen on computed tomography (CT) cystography is confined to the perivesical space, giving a characteristic flame-shaped appearance. Occasionally contrast extravasation can extend to the scrotum, thigh or anterior abdominal wall, depending on the extent of injury. Here we report an unusual CT cystogram finding of complex extraperitoneal bladder rupture with associated pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect, showing large-volume contrast extravasation extending beyond the perivesical space to the left perinephric region resembling high rising flames.
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Kumar S, Singh S, Parmar K, Chaudhary K. Multidisciplinary management of a complex case of renal cell carcinoma arising in a pelvic kidney. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:e70-e73. [PMID: 34813405 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ectopic kidney is 1 in 2100-3000 autopsies. Renal cell cancer (RCC) in pelvic kidney is a rare entity with limited case reports available in the literature. Symptoms can vary from abdominal pain to haematuria, or RCC can be detected incidentally. Contrast imaging with computed tomography (CT) angiography is recommended to determine the location of the renal mass and the anatomy of surrounding organs and major vessels feeding it. Treatment of choice is radical nephrectomy. We report a case of RCC in ectopic pelvic kidney managed with radical nephrectomy that was deemed unresectable on CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Parmar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Seelemann E, Panchakshari S, El-Rabahi T, Deng Y, Stewart D, Chaudhary K. SEX DIFFERENCES IN RIGHT (-SIDED) HEART FAILURE IN PULMONARY ARTERY BANDING MODEL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL RIGHT VENTRICULAR ANGIOGENESIS. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gupta A, Chaudhary K, Asati S, Kakkar B. Anti-A 1Le b: a mind boggler. Immunohematology 2021; 37:69-71. [PMID: 34170640 DOI: 10.21307/immunohematology-2021-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALeb and BLeb, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between ABO, H, SE, and LE genes. The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALeb and BLeb, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Jodhpur, Rajasthan , India 342005
| | - K Chaudhary
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - S Asati
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - B Kakkar
- Transfusion Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune, Maharashtra , India
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Hashmi Z, Ahmed R, Zafar T, Ahmed M, Yousaf N, Chaudhary K, Islam R, Aljarad F, Madanur M. 950 Experience of Inguinal Mesh Hernioplasty Under Local Anaesthesia: A 3-Year Experience in A Teaching Hospital. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To prove Inguinal mesh hernioplasty under L/A is safe and acceptable. Helps with post-operative pain and enables rapid recovery as a day case.
Method
All patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia were retrospectively analysed in our hospital between July 2014- July 2017. Clinical judgement was used for inclusion and exclusion parameters.
Results
From July 2014- July 2017, 260 patients were included in study who underwent Inguinal mesh hernioplasty under L/A. ASA grade for all patients ranged between I-III. The mean age was 37 (20-65). Intraoperatively (9.1) 3.5% patients had problems such as pain, hypotension or sweating. About (86.3%) 224 patients were discharged home the same day and remaining stayed overnight for less than 24 hours. Hematoma was seen in 5 (1.92%) patients, Urinary retention in 2 (0.7%) patients, Wound infection seen in 24(9.2%) patients, Readmission in 10 (3.8%) patients. Chronic groin pain was seen in 10 (3.9%) patients and no recurrence on 6 months follow up.
Conclusions
Our results showed that this procedure is feasible under L/A and can be performed safely. It showed satisfactory acceptance by the operating surgeon and patient, without significant perioperative issues. It is reliable and showed shorter hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hashmi
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Ahmed
- PRUH, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Ahmed
- Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Yousaf
- Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - R Islam
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Aljarad
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Madanur
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Hashmi Z, Ahmed R, Ahmed M, Yousaf N, Zafar T, Chaudhary K, Islam R, Aljarad F, Madanu M. 957 Comparison of Inguinodynia In Patients Undergoing Prophylactic Ilioinguinal Neurectomy vs No Neurectomy In Lichtenstein Mesh Hernioplasty. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of inguinodynia in ilioinguinal neurectomy VS no neurectomy in patients undergoing Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty.
Method
200 male patients with unilateral, primary, reducible inguinal hernia were randomly distributed in to two groups by using lottery method to undergo Lichtenstein’s hernia repair i.e., with and without ilioinguinal neurectomy. All the operation were carried out under local anesthesia. Pain score was calculated using the VAS system at 3rd month and inguinodynia was labelled if it is more than 1 on VAS scale.
Results
200 male patients with mean age of 53.25 ± 6.768 were included. 42 (21%) had Inguinodynia after surgery. When we cross tabulated both groups with inguinodynia, results came up significant (p = 0.001). In neurectomy group 10 patients had inguinodynia while in no neurectomy group, 32 patients were having Inguinodynia. There was no effect of malnutrition on outcome. Younger age group benefitted more from procedure.
Conclusions
It is concluded that there is difference in frequency of inguinodynia in ilioinguinal neurectomy versus no neurectomy in patients undergoing Lichtenstein hernia repair. Patients with ilioinguinal neurectomy had reduced incidence of inguinodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Ahmed
- PRUH, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmed
- Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Yousaf
- Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - R Islam
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Aljarad
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Madanu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Chaudhary K, Devana SK, Tyagi S, Sharma AP. A huge ureteric stone in a functionally, metabolically and anatomically normal kidney: an alliance of rarity. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e206-e207. [PMID: 33851874 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary stones are a common health problem, necessitating frequent outpatient visits and hospital admissions. Ureteric stones demand special attention, given their propensity for upstream hydroureteronephrosis and loss of renal function. They are usually predisposed by diverse anatomical, functional or metabolic abnormalities of the urinary tract and have an early symptomatic presentation. We report an exceptional clinical presentation of a huge ureteric stone yet functional renal moiety with no obvious anatomical or metabolic predilection for urolithiasis, and its minimally invasive management in a young woman. We emphasise that swift salvaging of the renal function is of utmost importance in these cases. Open exploration can be avoided in favour of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy with better cosmesis and early recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Devana
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Tyagi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A P Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Yan S, Chaudhary K, Halmos B, Wang T, Hei T, Cheng S. P2.01-87 β-Adrenergic Antagonists Sensitizes Chemoradiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Almessiere MA, Trukhanov AV, Slimani Y, You KY, Trukhanov SV, Trukhanova EL, Esa F, Sadaqati A, Chaudhary K, Zdorovets M, Baykal A. Correlation Between Composition and Electrodynamics Properties in Nanocomposites Based on Hard/Soft Ferrimagnetics with Strong Exchange Coupling. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9020202. [PMID: 30720737 PMCID: PMC6409981 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Sr0.3Ba0.4Pb0.3Fe12O19/(CuFe2O4)x (x = 2, 3, 4, and 5) as strongly exchange-coupled nanosized ferrites were fabricated using a one-pot sol–gel combustion method (citrate sol-gel method). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) powder patterns of the products confirmed the occurrence of pure, exchange-coupled ferrites. Frequency dependencies of the microwave characteristics (MW) were investigated using a co-axial method. The non-linear behavior of the MW with the composition transformation may be due to different degrees of Fe ion oxidation on the spinel/hexaferrite grain boundaries and strong exchange coupling during the hard and soft phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Abdullah Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alex V Trukhanov
- SSPA "Scientific and practical materials research center of NAS of Belarus", 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
- South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yassine Slimani
- Department of Physics Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - K Y You
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai-Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Sergei V Trukhanov
- SSPA "Scientific and practical materials research center of NAS of Belarus", 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
- South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina L Trukhanova
- SSPA "Scientific and practical materials research center of NAS of Belarus", 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
| | - F Esa
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh-Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - A Sadaqati
- Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - K Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Univerity Teknology Malaysia, Johor Bahru-Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Maxim Zdorovets
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 10008, Kazakhstan.
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 10008, Kazakhstan.
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Cober N, Chaudhary K, Deng Y, Lee C, Rowe K, Benavente A, Godin M, Courtman D, Stewart D. ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS ENCAPSULATED IN MATRIX-SUPPLEMENTED MICROGEL IMPROVES CELL RETENTION AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Cober N, Chaudhary K, Deng Y, Lee C, Rowe K, Benavente A, Godin M, Courtman D, Stewart D. Single-cell matrix-supplemented hydrogel cocooning of endothelial progenitor cells improves retention and therapeutic efficacy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Almessiere MA, Dabagh S, Slimani Y, Chaudhary K, Ali J, Baykal A. Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties on Mg1−xZnxFe2−xAlxO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ho M, Chaudhary K, Stewart D. OPTIMIZING REVASCULARIZATION OF A DECELLULARIZED LUNG SCAFFOLD MODEL USING COMBINED DELIVERY OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL-DERIVED SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Sivaprakasam S, Gurav A, Paschall AV, Coe GL, Chaudhary K, Cai Y, Kolhe R, Martin P, Browning D, Huang L, Shi H, Sifuentes H, Vijay-Kumar M, Thompson SA, Munn DH, Mellor A, McGaha TL, Shiao P, Cutler CW, Liu K, Ganapathy V, Li H, Singh N. An essential role of Ffar2 (Gpr43) in dietary fibre-mediated promotion of healthy composition of gut microbiota and suppression of intestinal carcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e238. [PMID: 27348268 PMCID: PMC4945739 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Composition of the gut microbiota has profound effects on intestinal carcinogenesis. Diet and host genetics play critical roles in shaping the composition of gut microbiota. Whether diet and host genes interact with each other to bring specific changes in gut microbiota that affect intestinal carcinogenesis is unknown. Ability of dietary fibre to specifically increase beneficial gut microbiota at the expense of pathogenic bacteria in vivo via unknown mechanism is an important process that suppresses intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2 or GPR43) is a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), metabolites of dietary fibre fermentation by gut microbiota. Here, we show FFAR2 is down modulated in human colon cancers than matched adjacent healthy tissue. Consistent with this, Ffar2(-/-) mice are hypersusceptible to development of intestinal carcinogenesis. Dietary fibre suppressed colon carcinogenesis in an Ffar2-dependent manner. Ffar2 played an essential role in dietary fibre-mediated promotion of beneficial gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium species (spp) and suppression of Helicobacter hepaticus and Prevotellaceae. Moreover, numbers of Bifidobacterium is reduced, whereas those of Prevotellaceae are increased in human colon cancers than matched adjacent normal tissue. Administration of Bifidobacterium mitigated intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in Ffar2(-/-) mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that interplay between dietary fibre and Ffar2 play a key role in promoting healthy composition of gut microbiota that stimulates intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivaprakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - A Gurav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - G L Coe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K Chaudhary
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - P Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Huang
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Sifuentes
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Vijay-Kumar
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences & Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - S A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D H Munn
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A Mellor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - T L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Shiao
- College of Nursing, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - V Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - N Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Abstract
In this study, we found out that blocking the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in Vero cells by tryphostin AG879 impairs the in vitro replication of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). A reduced virus replication in Trk1-knockdown (siRNA) Vero cells confirmed the essential role of RTK in the virus replication, in particular a specific regulation of viral RNA synthesis. These data represent the first evidence that the RTK signaling regulates replication of a morbillivirus.
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Gautam A, Kapoor P, Chaudhary K, Kumar R, Raghava GPS. Tumor homing peptides as molecular probes for cancer therapeutics, diagnostics and theranostics. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:2367-91. [PMID: 24533809 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140217122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with more than 10 million new cases each year. Despite the presence of several anticancer agents, cancer treatment is still not very effective. Main reasons behind this high mortality rate are the lack of screening tests for early diagnosis, and non-availability of tumor specific drug delivery system. Most of the current anticancer drugs are unable to differentiate between cancerous and normal cells, leading to systemic toxicity, and adverse side effects. In order to tackle this problem, a considerable progress has been made over the years to identify peptides, which specifically bind to the tumor cells, and tumor vasculature (tumor homing peptides). With the advances in phage display technology, and combinatorial libraries like one-bead one-compound library, several hundreds of tumor homing peptides, and their derivatives, which have potential to detect tumor in vivo, and deliver anticancer agents specifically to the tumor site, have been discovered. Currently, many tumor homing peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment and diagnosis are being tested in various phases of clinical trials. In this review, we have discussed the progress made so far in the identification of tumor homing peptides, and their applications in cancer therapeutics, diagnosis, and theranostics. In addition, a brief discussion on tumor homing peptide resource, and in silico designing of tumor homing peptides has also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G P S Raghava
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIRInstitute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.
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Prakash S, Chaudhary K, Gogia AR, Chellani H, Salhan S, Singh R. A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the left lateral, modified lateral and sitting positions for spinal block characteristics for Cesarean delivery. Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:652-660. [PMID: 23511366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal position affects spinal block characteristics. We investigated the effect of lateral, modified lateral and sitting position for spinal anesthesia with 2 mL hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% on spinal block characteristics in this prospective, randomized study. METHODS Seventy-five ASA physical status I parturients were randomly allocated to the left lateral to supine-wedged, modified lateral to supine-wedged with a10°head-up tilt or the sitting to supine-wedged position for induction of spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. Neural block was assessed by pin prick and modified Bromage scale. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, where appropriate. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Onset time (mean ± SD) for sensory block to T5 dermatome for the lateral, modified lateral and sitting groups was 6.8 ± 2.7, 13.6 ± 6.2 and 9.7 ± 5.5 min, respectively; P<0.001. The median (interquartile range) maximum dermatomal level was significantly lower in the modified lateral group (T5[T3-T5]) compared with the lateral (T3[T2-T4]) and sitting (T3[T3-T4]) groups, respectively; P=0.022 and P=0.030, respectively. Three women in the modified lateral group required general anesthesia compared with none in the other groups; P= 0.044. Apgar scores and cord blood pH, PO2 and PCO2 were similar between groups. CONCLUSION The modified lateral position with 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine was associated with a slower onset and a lower maximum sensory block necessitating higher requirement for conversion to general anesthesia. It did not offer any advantage over lateral and sitting positions for induction of spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean delivery and cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Gupta N, Kumar S, Chaudhary K, Kumar R. C-MAC™ Storz® videolaryngoscope for checking vocal cord mobility following thyroidectomy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:433-434. [PMID: 23659413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Yerram P, Karuparthi PR, Chaudhary K. Pathogenesis and management of renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2012; 64:63-72. [PMID: 22402318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Renovascular disease is an important cause of secondary hypertension and renal impairment. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is the most important cause of renal artery stenosis (RAS), and has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. The pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension is complex, but is mainly due to the over-activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system. A major consequence of untreated RAS is ischemic nephropathy, which is due to the sustained reduction in renal perfusion leading to derangement of microvascular function, and eventual development of interstitial fibrosis. Diagnosis of these conditions can be complex, sometimes needing invasive testing. Aggressive medical management is key to preventing progression of disease, as the role of revascularization in the management of ARAS is still not well defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yerram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kumar A, Chaudhary K, Prasad S. Maternal indicators and obstetric outcome in the north Indian population: A hospital-based study. J Postgrad Med 2010; 56:192-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.68647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Sheen P, O'Kane CM, Chaudhary K, Tovar M, Santillan C, Sosa J, Caviedes L, Gilman RH, Stamp G, Friedland JS. High MMP-9 activity characterises pleural tuberculosis correlating with granuloma formation. Eur Respir J 2008; 33:134-41. [PMID: 18715875 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00127807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) pleural disease is complicated by extensive tissue destruction. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -9 are implicated in immunopathology of pulmonary and central nervous system TB. There are few data on MMP activity in TB pleurisy. The present study investigated MMP-1, -2 and -9 and their specific inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2) in tuberculous effusions, and correlated these with clinical and histopathological features. Clinical data, routine blood tests, and pleural fluid/biopsy material were obtained from 89 patients presenting with pleural effusions in a TB-endemic area. MMP-1, -2 and -9 were measured by zymography or western blot, and TIMP-1 and -2 by ELISA. Pleural biopsies were examined microscopically, cultured for acid-alcohol fast bacilli and immunostained for MMP-9. Tuberculous pleural effusions contained the highest concentrations of MMP-9 compared with malignant effusions or heart failure transudates. MMP-9 concentrations were highest in effusions from patients with granulomatous biopsies: median (interquartile range) 108 (61-218) pg x mL(-1) versus 43 (12-83) pg x mL(-1) in those with nongranulomatous pleural biopsies. MMP-1 and -2 were not upregulated in tuberculous pleural fluid. The ratio of MMP-9:TIMP-1 was significantly higher in TB effusions. Tuberculous pleurisy is characterised by a specific pattern of matrix metalloproteinase-9 upregulation, correlating with the presence of granulomas and suggesting a specific role for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in inflammatory responses in tuberculous pleural disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sheen
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Abstract
Genetic instabilities are believed to be one of the major causes of developing a cancer phenotype in humans. During the progression of cancer, aberrant expression of proteins, either owing to genetic (amplification, mutation and deletion) or epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone deacetylation), contributes in different ways to the development of cancer. By differential screening analysis, an amplification of the 19q13 locus containing a novel pancreatic differentiation 2 (PD2) gene was identified. PD2 is the human homolog of the yeast RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (yPaf1) and is part of the human RNA polymerase II-associated factor (hPAF) complex. hPAF is comprised of five subunits that include PD2/hPaf1, parafibromin, hLeo1, hCtr9 and hSki8. This multifaceted complex was first identified in yeast (yPAF) and subsequently in Drosophila and human. Recent advances in the study on PAF have revealed various functions of the complex in human, which are similar to yPAF, including efficient transcription elongation, mRNA quality control and cell-cycle regulation. Although the precise function of this complex in cancer is not clearly known, some of its subunits have been linked to a malignant phenotype. Its core subunit, PD2/hPaf1, is amplified and overexpressed in many cancers. Further, an overexpression of PD2/hPaf1 results in the induction of a transformed phenotype, suggesting its possible involvement in tumorigenesis. The parafibromin subunit of the hPAF complex is a product of the HRPT-2 (hereditary hyperparathyroidism type 2) tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in the germ line of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor patients. This review focuses on the functions of the PAF complex and its individual subunits, the interaction of the subunits with each other and/or with other molecules, and dysregulation of the complex, providing an insight into its potential involvement in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Singh A, Boora KS, Chaudhary K. Effect of different additives on the persistence and insecticidal activity of native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Indian J Microbiol 2007; 47:42-5. [PMID: 23100638 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-007-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence and insecticidal activity of native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis was evaluated in formulations containing different additives such as arrow-root powder, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), gum acacia, non-food grade (NFG) starch, and soluble starch. Persistence of B. thuringiensis varied with different additives used in the formulations. Among the different additives used, NFG starch provided maximum protection to B. thuringiensis and native strain 42 showed maximum persistence (83%) which was higher than that obtained in commercial formulation. In commercial formulation, the persistence of B. thuringiensis was 47% only after 3 d of spray. The feeding trials conducted on second instar larvae of H. armigera using leaves sprayed with NFG starch formulation revealed 70% larval mortality while commercial formulation showed 50% mortality during the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
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Singh M, Chaudhary K, Boora KS. RAPD-based SCAR marker SCA 12 linked to recessive gene conferring resistance to anthracnose in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 114:187-92. [PMID: 17063339 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, infects all aerial parts of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, plants and causes loss of as much as 70%. F(1) and F(2) plants inoculated with local isolates of C. graminicola indicated that resistance to anthracnose in sorghum accession G 73 segregated as a recessive trait in a cross with susceptible cultivar HC 136. To facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding programs, a PCR-based specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was developed. A total of 29 resistant and 20 susceptible recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a HC 136 x G 73 cross was used for bulked segregant analysis to identify a RAPD marker closely linked to a gene for resistance to anthracnose. The polymorphism between the parents HC 136 and G 73 was evaluated using 84 random sequence decamer primers. Among these, only 24 primers generated polymorphism. On bulked segregant analysis, primer OPA 12 amplified a unique band of 383 bp only in the resistant parent G 73 and resistant bulk. Segregation analysis of individual RILs showed the marker OPA 12(383) was 6.03 cM from the locus governing resistance to anthracnose. The marker OPA 12(383) was cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequence of cloned RAPD product, a pair of SCAR markers SCA 12-1 and SCA 12-2 was designed using the MacVector program, which specifically amplified this RAPD fragment in resistant parent G 73, resistant bulk and respective RILs. Therefore, it was confirmed that SCAR marker SCA 12 is at the same locus as RAPD marker OPA 12(383) and hence, is linked to the gene for resistance to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, Haryana, India.
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Varma PK, Singh S, Gandhi SK, Chaudhary K. Variability among Alternaria solani isolates associated with early blight of tomato. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2006; 71:37-46. [PMID: 17612350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Variability among isolates of Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight of tomato, from Northern and Southern parts of India was determined based on conidial morphology, pathogenicity tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. The isolates varied with respect to size of conidia and number of septa. The average size of conidia varied from 150-224.9 microm x 12.4-17.2 microm. The number of horizontal (4-14), vertical (0-3) and beak (0-8) septa also varied among the isolates. The test isolates differed in the virulence pattern on ten tomato genotypes under screen house conditions. Based on disease severity, test isolates were categorized into three main groups. Isolates RAS (Rohtak) and HAS-I (Hisar) were more virulent than all other isolates. None of the genotypes were completely resistant to all the test isolates. The analysis of RAPD profiles showed that there was a high level of genetic variability among the isolates of A. solani. The cluster analysis based on similarity coefficients separated the ten A. solani isolates into two major clusters. There was no evidence for geographical clustering of isolates with high levels of genetic similarity, suggesting that isolates are widely spread across India.
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Kohli U, Nigam P, Singh D, Chaudhary K. Thermostable, alkalophilic and cellulase free xylanase production by Thermoactinomyces thalophilus subgroup C. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:606-610. [PMID: 11339942 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermoactinomyces thalophilus produced cellulase free extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) at 50 degrees C and pH 8.5. Maximum xylanase production was achieved in fermentation medium using birchwood xylan as substrate after 96 h of growth at 50 degrees C. Other agricultural substrates such as wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse and cornstover produced less xylanase. The crude enzyme preparation from mutant T. thalophilus P2 grown under optimised fermentation conditions showed no cellulase contamination and maximum xylanase activity of 42 U/ml at 65%deg;C and pH 8.5-9.0. This enzyme with initial xylanase activity of 42 U/ml was found thermostable up to 65 degrees C and retaining 50% of its activity after its incubation for 125 min at 65 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kohli
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, 125 004, Hisar, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute renal insufficiency, which must be differentiated from other forms of systemic vasculitis by histologic examination of biopsies from involved organs. This report describes the optimal methods for detection and biopsy of areas of skin involved with livedo reticularis to confirm the diagnosis of CES. METHODS This report describes 8 patients with unexplained acute renal insufficiency in whom the diagnosis of CES was suspected based on their clinical history. RESULTS A detailed skin examination performed in both supine and upright postures demonstrated the presence of previously unrecognized livedo reticularis, which was more evident during upright posture in all subjects. In 2 subjects, questionable areas of livedo reticularis noted in supine posture became readily demonstrable during upright posture. Livedo reticularis was apparent only during upright posture in 2 subjects. Biopsies of areas of skin involved with livedo reticularis demonstrated cholesterol emboli in 6 of 8 patients and were normal in the remaining 2 patients. One patient progressed to end-stage renal disease and one was lost to follow-up. In the remaining 6 patients, renal insufficiency initially progressed but did not require dialytic therapy. Renal function returned to baseline levels and livedo reticularis resolved without recurrence in these patients. No subjects developed clinical or laboratory evidence of systemic vasculitis. CONCLUSIONS Livedo reticularis is a common but often unrecognized finding in CES that may not be evident during routine examination performed in the supine posture. Deep cutaneous biopsy of areas of livedo reticularis can be safely used to confirm the presence of cholesterol emboli, thus avoiding the increased morbidity of biopsy of either pregangrenous skin lesions or visceral organs. Many patients with CES regain renal function during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chaudhary
- Department of Nephrology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA
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Crimmins MT, King BW, Tabet EA, Chaudhary K. Asymmetric aldol additions: use of titanium tetrachloride and (-)-sparteine for the soft enolization of N-acyl oxazolidinones, oxazolidinethiones, and thiazolidinethiones. J Org Chem 2001; 66:894-902. [PMID: 11430110 DOI: 10.1021/jo001387r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric aldol additions using chlorotitanium enolates of N-acyloxazolidinone, oxazolidinethione, and thiazolidinethione propionates proceed with high diastereoselectivity for the Evans or non-Evans syn product depending on the nature and amount of the base used. With 1 equiv of titanium tetrachloride and 2 equiv of (-)-sparteine as the base or 1 equiv of (-)-sparteine and 1 equiv of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, selectivities of 97:3 to > 99:1 were obtained for the Evans syn aldol products using N-propionyl oxazolidinones, oxazolidinethiones, and thiazolidinethiones. The non-Evans syn aldol adducts are available with the oxazolidinethione and thiazolidinethiones by altering the Lewis acid/amine base ratios. The change in facial selectivity in the aldol additions is proposed to be a result of switching of mechanistic pathways between chelated and nonchelated transition states. The auxiliaries can be reductively removed or cleaved by nucleophilic acyl substitution. Iterative aldol sequences with high diastereoselectivity can also be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Crimmins
- Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
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Abstract
[formula: see text] Asymmetric aldol additions using chlorotitanium enolates of thiazolidinethione propionates proceed with high diastereoselectivity for the "Evans" or "non-Evans" syn product depending on the nature and amount of the base used. With (-)-sparteine as the base, selectivities of 97:3 to > 99:1 were obtained for the Evans syn products with 2 equivalents of base and for the non-Evans syn when 1 equiv of base was employed. The thiazolidinethione auxiliaries are easily removed, and the aldol adducts can be readily transformed to various functional groups. Even direct reduction to the aldehyde with diisobutylaluminum hydride is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Crimmins
- Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
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Chaudhary SK, Kapoor N, Jugtawat J, Chaudhary K. An improved simple method of detection of Bence Jones proteinuria. J Assoc Physicians India 1996; 44:842, 845. [PMID: 9251473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Leone-Bay A, Ho KK, Agarwal R, Baughman RA, Chaudhary K, DeMorin F, Genoble L, McInnes C, Lercara C, Milstein S, O'Toole D, Sarubbi D, Variano B, Paton DR. 4-[4-[(2-Hydroxybenzoyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid as a novel oral delivery agent for recombinant human growth hormone. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2571-8. [PMID: 8691455 DOI: 10.1021/jm960038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-acetylated, non-alpha, aromatic amino acids was prepared and shown to promote the absorption of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) from the gastrointestinal tract. Seventy compounds in this family were tested in vivo in rats. Of the compounds tested, 4-[4-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid was identified as a preclinical candidate and was used to demonstrate the oral delivery of rhGH in primates. A significant positive correlation was found between the relative log k' of the delivery agents, as determined by HPLC on an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) column, and serum rhGH concentrations following oral or colonic dosing in rats. Structure-activity relationships have also been developed on the basis of electronic effects and hydrogen-bonding characteristics of the aromatic amide substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leone-Bay
- Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Hawthorne, New York 10532, USA
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Ashraf M, Chaudhary K, Nelson J, Thompson W. Massive overdose of sustained-release verapamil: a case report and review of literature. Am J Med Sci 1995; 310:258-63. [PMID: 7503108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil 99 is a commonly prescribed medicine for treatment of hypertension, angina, and migraine headache. Toxicity with sustained-release verapamil may be prolonged, and manifest with hypotension, bradycardia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperglycemia. Currently, because of the lack of a specific antidote management of verapamil, toxicity is mainly supportive. Treatment with inotropic support, glucagon, calcium, and cardiac pacing may be effective in some cases. A review of 20 cases and a case report of sustained-release verapamil overdose are described. The authors describe a patient who ingested 24 g of slow-release verapamil. This is the largest overdose of sustained-release verapamil reported in English literature. The patient was managed aggressively with gastric lavage, inotropic support, and continuous infusion of calcium and glucagon. The patient's survival may have been due to the continuous intravenous calcium gluconate and glucagon infusion. Both of these treatment modalities should be considered in patients with moderate to severe calcium channel blocker overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920, USA
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Leone-Bay A, Santiago N, Achan D, Chaudhary K, DeMorin F, Falzarano L, Haas S, Kalbag S, Kaplan D, Leipold H. N-acylated alpha-amino acids as novel oral delivery agents for proteins. J Med Chem 1995; 38:4263-9. [PMID: 7473553 DOI: 10.1021/jm00021a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-acylated alpha-amino acids were synthesized and shown to improve the oral delivery of two protein drugs, salmon calcitonin (sCT) and interferon-alpha. Forty-five compounds in this series were tested in vivo in rats and primates. A significant positive correlation was found between the log P of the acylated amino acids and the decrease in serum calcium following oral dosage of sCT in rats. Such a correlation was not found for interferon-alpha. These derivatized amino acids only weakly inhibited the activity of trypsin or leucine aminopeptidase. Histological examinations of rat intestinal tissue after oral dosing of acylated amino acid/protein combinations revealed no detectable pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leone-Bay
- Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Hawthorne, New York 10532, USA
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Abstract
Purpuric lesions have been described previously in 10 patients with disseminated strongyloidiasis. We identified three additional patients in whom purpura developed as a manifestation of disseminated strongyloidiasis. Nine (69%) of the 13 patients were men, and the median age of patients was 61 years (range, 32-75 years). Six patients were from the southeastern United States. Six patients had underlying malignancy and four patients had chronic lung disease. All patients had received prior corticosteroids. The parasite was identified in 11 (92%) of 12 patients where stool or sputum examination was performed. Skin biopsies of purpuric lesions were obtained in 12 patients, in 10 (83%) of which larvae were found. Despite recommended treatment with thiabendazole in 12 of 13 patients, 11 (85%) of the patients died, and at least 6 died within 16 days of onset of purpura. Physicians, particularly those in the southeastern United States, should strongly consider the diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis in patients receiving corticosteroids and in whom purpura and systemic toxicity develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville 37920-6999
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Chaudhary SK, Chaudhary K. Unethical experimental studies on humans. J Indian Med Assoc 1994; 92:241-2. [PMID: 7963610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ma X, Santiago N, Chen YS, Chaudhary K, Milstein SJ, Baughman RA. Stability study of drug-loaded proteinoid microsphere formulations during freeze-drying. J Drug Target 1994; 2:9-21. [PMID: 8069587 DOI: 10.3109/10611869409015889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug-loaded proteinoid microspheres were freeze-dried to facilitate shipping and handling and to enable long term storage. Heparin was chosen as the model drug in developing the optimum lyophilization process. The factors influencing the integrity of either heparin-loaded or unloaded ('empty') proteinoid microspheres during freeze-drying were determined, with emphasis on: selecting an optimum freezing and resuspending temperature; choosing an appropriate cryoprotectant and its optimum concentration in the formulation; and, designing a suitable method for formulating the microspheres. Freezing at/below -70 degrees C was found to minimize damage to the microspheres. Addition of sugars, such as trehalose and lactose, as cryoprotectants, further increased the stability of the heparin-loaded microspheres during freeze-drying. The optimum trehalose or lactose concentrations were determined to be 5% (w/v). Using the optimumized lyophilization process described in this manuscript, microspheres remained intact during freeze-drying. The freeze-dried microspheres were stable for at least three months post-lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Hawthorne, NY 10532
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Kumar A, Singh YN, Malaviya AN, Chaudhary K, Tripathy S. Clinical profile, therapeutic approach and outcome of gouty arthritis in northern India. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38:400-2. [PMID: 2384454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thirty patients with gouty arthritis were studied over 3 years. The diagnosis was established with the help of polarised light microscopy. All the patients were males, with a median age of 45 years. They belonged to the middle or upper socio-economic class and were obese (mean body mass index 29.7). Chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were present in one patient each. No patient had symptomatic coronary artery disease. Although 6 patients had a history of renal colic, only one had gouty nephropathy with chronic renal failure. Six patients had a positive family history of gout. The disease involved mostly the joints of the lower extremity and podagra was observed in 70% of patients. Eight patients had tophi at various sites. There were 17 'over producers' and 13 'under excretors' of uric acid. The treatment consisted of patient education, symptomatic control with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or colchicine and antihyperuricaemic therapy. The overproducers were treated with allopurinol while the under excretors were treated with [corrected] sulfinpyrazone. In general, there was a good response to therapy as indicated by lowering of serum uric acid and the number of painful episodes per year. The overall profile of the disease appears similar to that seen in the West.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Chaudhary AK, Bhatnagar HN, Bhatnagar LK, Chaudhary K. Comparative study of the effect of drugs and relaxation exercise (yoga shavasan) in hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 1988; 36:721-3. [PMID: 3069839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chaudhary K, Mittal SL, Tauro P. Control of cellulose hydrolysis by fungi. Biotechnol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01166223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lakshminarayana K, Chaudhary K, Ethiraj S, Tauro P. A solid state fermentation method for citric acid production using sugar cane bagasse. Biotechnol Bioeng 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260170216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Khata M, Chaudhary K, Goyal J, Doctor H, Sharma S, Da Costa H. Turner's syndrome. A case report with review of literature. Indian Pract 1967; 20:289-92. [PMID: 6041315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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