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Rasool D, Burban A, Sharanek A, Madrigal A, Hu J, Yan K, Qu D, Voss AK, Slack RS, Thomas T, Bonni A, Picketts DJ, Soleimani VD, Najafabadi HS, Jahani-Asl A. PHF6-mediated transcriptional control of NSC via Ephrin receptors is impaired in the intellectual disability syndrome BFLS. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1256-1281. [PMID: 38429579 PMCID: PMC10933485 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant homeodomain zinc-finger protein, PHF6, is a transcriptional regulator, and PHF6 germline mutations cause the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). The mechanisms by which PHF6 regulates transcription and how its mutations cause BFLS remain poorly characterized. Here, we show genome-wide binding of PHF6 in the developing cortex in the vicinity of genes involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis. Characterization of BFLS mice harbouring PHF6 patient mutations reveals an increase in embryonic neural stem cell (eNSC) self-renewal and a reduction of neural progenitors. We identify a panel of Ephrin receptors (EphRs) as direct transcriptional targets of PHF6. Mechanistically, we show that PHF6 regulation of EphR is impaired in BFLS mice and in conditional Phf6 knock-out mice. Knockdown of EphR-A phenocopies the PHF6 loss-of-function defects in altering eNSCs, and its forced expression rescues defects of BFLS mice-derived eNSCs. Our data indicate that PHF6 directly promotes Ephrin receptor expression to control eNSC behaviour in the developing brain, and that this pathway is impaired in BFLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Rasool
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Audrey Burban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Dianbo Qu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Azad Bonni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Picketts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Ottawa Institutes of System Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Picketts D, Mirzaa G, Yan K, Relator R, Timpano S, Yalcin B, Collins S, Ziegler A, Pao E, Oyama N, Brischoux-Boucher E, Piard J, Monaghan K, Sacoto MG, Dobyns W, Park K, Fernández-Mayoralas D, Fernández-Jaén A, Jayakar P, Brusco A, Antona V, Giorgio E, Kvarnung M, Isidor B, Conrad S, Cogné B, Deb W, Stuurman KE, Sterbova K, Smal N, Weckhuysen S, Oegema R, Innes M, Latsko M, Ben-Omran T, Yeh R, Kruer M, Bakhtiari S, Papavasiliou A, Moutton S, Nambot S, Chanprasert S, Paolucci S, Miller K, Burton B, Kim K, O'Heir E, Bruwer Z, Donald K, Kleefstra T, Goldstein A, Angle B, Bontempo K, Miny P, Joset P, Demurger F, Hobson E, Pang L, Carpenter L, Li D, Bonneau D, Sadikovic B. Pathogenic variants in SMARCA1 cause an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder modulated by NURF complex composition. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3317938. [PMID: 37841849 PMCID: PMC10571636 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3317938/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins are a recurrent cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The NURF complex consists of BPTF and either the SNF2H (SMARCA5) or SNF2L (SMARCA1) ISWI-chromatin remodeling enzyme. Pathogenic variants in BPTF and SMARCA5 were previously implicated in NDDs. Here, we describe 40 individuals from 30 families with de novo or maternally inherited pathogenic variants in SMARCA1. This novel NDD was associated with mild to severe ID/DD, delayed or regressive speech development, and some recurrent facial dysmorphisms. Individuals carrying SMARCA1 loss-of-function variants exhibited a mild genome-wide DNA methylation profile and a high penetrance of macrocephaly. Genetic dissection of the NURF complex using Smarca1, Smarca5, and Bptfsingle and double mouse knockouts revealed the importance of NURF composition and dosage for proper forebrain development. Finally, we propose that genetic alterations affecting different NURF components result in a NDD with a broad clinical spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emily Pao
- Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Park
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
| | | | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid
| | - Parul Jayakar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklaus Children's Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K E Stuurman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maeson Latsko
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Nambot
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs», Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Klipfontein Road/Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700/7701, Cape Town, South A
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Li
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, F-49000
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Tillotson R, Yan K, Ruston J, DeYoung T, Córdova A, Turcotte-Cardin V, Yee Y, Taylor C, Visuvanathan S, Babbs C, Ivakine EA, Sled JG, Nieman BJ, Picketts DJ, Justice MJ. A new mouse model of ATR-X syndrome carrying a common patient mutation exhibits neurological and morphological defects. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2485-2501. [PMID: 37171606 PMCID: PMC10360390 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRX is a chromatin remodelling ATPase that is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and heterochromatin maintenance. It has been widely studied for its role in ALT-positive cancers, but its role in neurological function remains elusive. Hypomorphic mutations in the X-linked ATRX gene cause a rare form of intellectual disability combined with alpha-thalassemia called ATR-X syndrome in hemizygous males. Clinical features also include facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, short stature, musculoskeletal defects and genital abnormalities. As complete deletion of ATRX in mice results in early embryonic lethality, the field has largely relied on conditional knockout models to assess the role of ATRX in multiple tissues. Given that null alleles are not found in patients, a more patient-relevant model was needed. Here, we have produced and characterized the first patient mutation knock-in model of ATR-X syndrome, carrying the most common causative mutation, R246C. This is one of a cluster of missense mutations located in the chromatin-binding domain and disrupts its function. The knock-in mice recapitulate several aspects of the patient disorder, including craniofacial defects, microcephaly, reduced body size and impaired neurological function. They provide a powerful model for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ATR-X syndrome and testing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Tillotson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital/Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Taylor DeYoung
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Alex Córdova
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcotte-Cardin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yohan Yee
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Taylor
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shagana Visuvanathan
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christian Babbs
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital/Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Evgueni A Ivakine
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Gillis HL, Kalinina A, Xue Y, Yan K, Turcotte-Cardin V, Todd MAM, Young KG, Lagace D, Picketts DJ. VGF is required for recovery after focal stroke. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114326. [PMID: 36682400 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of ischemic stroke worldwide and poor efficacy of neuroprotective drugs has increased the need for novel therapies in stroke recovery. Transcription of the neurosecretory protein VGF (non-acronym) is enhanced following ischemic stroke and proposed to be important for stroke recovery. To determine the requirement for VGF in recovery, we created Vgffl/fl:Nestin-Cre conditional knockout (Vgf cKO) mice and induced a photothrombotic focal ischemic stroke. Naïve Vgf cKO mice had significant less body weight in the absence of gross defects in brain size, cortical lamination, or deficits in locomotor activity compared to wildtype controls. Following a focal stroke, the Vgf cKO mice had greater deficits including impaired recovery of forepaw motor deficits at 2- and 4-weeks post stroke. The increase in deficits occurred in the absence of any difference in lesion size and was accompanied by a striking loss of stroke-induced migration of SVZ-derived immature neurons to the peri-infarct region. Importantly, exogenous adenoviral delivery of VGF (AdVGF) significantly improved recovery in the Vgf cKO mice and was able to rescue the immature neuron migration defect observed. Taken together, our results define a requirement for VGF in post stroke recovery and identify VGF peptides as a potential future therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Gillis
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alena Kalinina
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yingben Xue
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcotte-Cardin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Matthew A M Todd
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin G Young
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Diane Lagace
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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5
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Zapata G, Yan K, Picketts DJ. Generation of a mouse model of the neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies (NEDDFL) syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3405-3421. [PMID: 35604347 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in BPTF cause the neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies (NEDDFL) syndrome (MIM#617755) characterized by intellectual disability (ID), speech delay, and postnatal microcephaly. BPTF functions within NURF, a complex comprising SNF2L, an ISWI chromatin remodeling protein encoded by the SMARCA1 gene. Surprisingly, ablation of Smarca1 resulted in mice with enlarged brains, a direct contrast to the phenotype of NEDDFL patients. To model the NEDDFL syndrome, we generated forebrain-specific Bptf knockout (Bptf cKO) mice. Bptf cKO mice were born in normal Mendelian ratios, survived to adulthood but were smaller in size with severe cortical hypoplasia. Prolonged progenitor cell cycle length and a high incidence of cell death reduced neuronal output. Cortical lamination was also disrupted with reduced proportions of deep layer neurons, and neuronal maturation defects that impaired the acquisition of distinct cell fates (eg. Ctip2+ neurons). RNAseq and pathway analysis identified altered expression of fate-determining transcription factors, and biological pathways involved in neural development, apoptotic signaling, and amino acid biosynthesis. Dysregulated genes were enriched for Myc binding sites, a known BPTF transcriptional co-factor. We propose Bptf cKO mice as a valuable model for further study of the NEDDFL syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Zapata
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H8M5
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H8M5.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H8M5.,Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H8M5
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Ahmed R, Sarwar S, Hu J, Cardin V, Qiu LR, Zapata G, Vandeleur L, Yan K, Lerch JP, Corbett MA, Gecz J, Picketts DJ. Transgenic mice with an R342X mutation in Phf6 display clinical features of Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:575-594. [PMID: 33772537 PMCID: PMC8120135 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The PHF6 mutation c.1024C > T; p.R342X, is a recurrent cause of Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome (BFLS), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by moderate-severe intellectual disability, truncal obesity, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, long tapering fingers and large ears (MIM#301900). Here, we generated transgenic mice with the identical substitution (R342X mice) using CRISPR technology. We show that the p.R342X mutation causes a reduction in PHF6 protein levels, in both human and mice, from nonsense-mediated decay and nonsense-associated alternative splicing, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging studies indicated that R342X mice had a reduced brain volume on a mixed genetic background but developed hydrocephaly and a high incidence of postnatal death on a C57BL/6 background. Cortical development proceeded normally, while hippocampus and hypothalamus relative brain volumes were altered. A hypoplastic anterior pituitary was also observed that likely contributes to the small size of the R342X mice. Behavior testing demonstrated deficits in associative learning, spatial memory and an anxiolytic phenotype. Taken together, the R342X mice represent a good preclinical model of BFLS that will allow further dissection of PHF6 function and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raies Ahmed
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shihab Sarwar
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Valérie Cardin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gerardo Zapata
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lucianne Vandeleur
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mark A Corbett
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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7
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Feng D, Lin J, Wang W, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Yu H, Ling B. Wnt3a/β-Catenin/CBP Activation in the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:609620. [PMID: 34257574 PMCID: PMC8262210 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.609620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Piwil2 reprograms HPV-infected reserve cells in the cervix into tumor-initiated cells (TICs) and upregulates Wnt3a expression sequentially, which leads to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and ultimately squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, little is known regarding Wnt signaling in the maintenance of TIC stemness during the progression of cervical lesions. We herein investigated the expression of canonical Wnt3a signaling and related genes by microarray data set analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of samples obtained by biopsy of normal cervix, low- and high-grade CIN, and invasive SCC tissue. Array data analyzed by GEO2R showed higher expression levels of Wnt signaling and their target genes, significant upregulation of stemness-associated markers, and notably downregulated cell differentiation markers in CIN and SCC tissues compared with those in the normal cervix tissue. Further, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that Wnt pathway-related genes significantly enriched in SCC. IHC staining showed gradually increased immunoreactivity score of Wnt3a and CBP and notable translocation of β-catenin from the membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus during the lesion progression. The intensity and proportion of P16, Ki67 and CK17 staining also increased with the progression of cervical lesions, whereas minimal to negative Involucrin expression was observed in CIN2/3 and SCC. Therefore, canonical Wnt signaling may contribute to the progression of CIN to SCC and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Lagali PS, Zhao BYH, Yan K, Baker AN, Coupland SG, Tsilfidis C, Picketts DJ. Sensory Experience Modulates Atrx-mediated Neuronal Integrity in the Mouse Retina. Neuroscience 2020; 452:169-180. [PMID: 33197500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked protein, ATRX, causes intellectual disability and is associated with pleiotropic defects including ophthalmological abnormalities. We have previously demonstrated that Atrx deficiency in the mouse retina leads to the selective loss of inhibitory interneurons and inner retinal dysfunction. Onset of the amacrine cell neurodegenerative phenotype in Atrx-deficient retinas occurs postnatally after neuronal specification, and coincides with eye opening. Given this timing, we sought to interrogate the influence of light-dependent visual signaling on Atrx-mediated neuronal survival and function in the mouse retina. Retina-specific Atrx conditional knockout (cKO) mice were subjected to light deprivation using two different paradigms: (1) a dark-rearing regime, and (2) genetic deficiency of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) to block the ON retinal signaling pathway. Scotopic electroretinography was performed for adult dark-reared Atrx cKO mice and controls to measure retinal neuron function in vivo. Retinal immunohistochemistry and enumeration of amacrine cells were performed for both light deprivation paradigms. We observed milder normalized a-wave, b-wave and oscillatory potential (OP) deficits in electroretinograms of dark-reared Atrx cKO mice compared to light-exposed counterparts. In addition, amacrine cell loss was partially limited by genetic restriction of retinal signaling through the ON pathway. Our results suggest that the temporal features of the Atrx cKO phenotype are likely due to a combined effect of light exposure upon eye opening and coincident developmental processes impacting the retinal circuitry. In addition, this study reveals a novel activity-dependent role for Atrx in mediating post-replicative neuronal integrity in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Lagali
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brandon Y H Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adam N Baker
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Stuart G Coupland
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Catherine Tsilfidis
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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9
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Feng D, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Wang W, Yu H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Dong Z, Ling B. CBP-mediated Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling promotes cervical oncogenesis initiated by Piwil2. Neoplasia 2020; 23:1-11. [PMID: 33190089 PMCID: PMC7674161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that Piwil2 reactivated by the human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 may reprogram somatic cells into tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which contribute to cervical neoplasia lesions. Maintaining the stemness of TICs is critical for the progression of cervical lesions. Here, we determined that canonical Wnt signaling was aberrantly activated in HaCaT cells transfected with lentivirus expressing Piwil2 and in cervical lesion specimens of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and invasive carcinoma. Blocking the β-catenin and CREB binding protein interaction with ICG-001 significantly downregulated the reprogramming factors c-Myc, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, thus leading to cell differentiation and preventing tumorigenicity in Piwil2-overexpressing HaCaT cells. Similarly, Piwil2 also critically regulated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancer. We further demonstrated that ICG-001 increased cisplatin sensitivity and significantly suppressed tumor growth of cervical cancer alone or in combination with cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The β-catenin/ CREB binding protein-mediated transcription activated by Piwil2 is essential for the maintenance of TICs, therefore contributing to the progression of cervical oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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10
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Young KG, Yan K, Picketts DJ. Correction to: C3aR signaling and gliosis in response to neurodevelopmental damage in the cerebellum. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:32. [PMID: 31973732 PMCID: PMC6977310 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Following publication of the original article, the authors noticed missing labels in Fig. 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Young
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Present Address: Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, 1600 Scott St, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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11
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Zhang X, Yan K, Deng L, Liang J, Liang H, Feng D, Ling B. Cyclooxygenase 2 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via the PGE2/NF-κB Pathway. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1S-13S. [PMID: 31822119 PMCID: PMC7016469 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719890597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Cyclooxygenase 2 is widely expressed in various cancer cells and participates in the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating a variety of downstream signaling pathways. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of cyclooxygenase 2 remain unclear in ovarian cancer. Here, we demonstrated that cyclooxygenase 2 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer and the expression level was highly correlated with ovarian tumor grades. Further, ovarian cancer cells with high expression of cyclooxygenase 2 exhibit enhanced proliferation and invasion abilities. Specifically, cyclooxygenase 2 promoted the release of prostaglandin E2 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B p65. Celecoxib, AH6809, and BAY11-7082 all can inhibit the promoting effect of cyclooxygenase 2 on SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell proliferation and invasion. Besides, celecoxib inhibited SKOV3 cell growth in the xenograft tumor model. These data suggest that high expression of cyclooxygenase 2 promotes the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells through the prostaglandin E2/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Cyclooxygenase 2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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12
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Alvarez-Saavedra M, Yan K, De Repentigny Y, Hashem LE, Chaudary N, Sarwar S, Yang D, Ioshikhes I, Kothary R, Hirayama T, Yagi T, Picketts DJ. Snf2h Drives Chromatin Remodeling to Prime Upper Layer Cortical Neuron Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:243. [PMID: 31680852 PMCID: PMC6811508 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the homeostasis of either cortical progenitor pool, namely the apically located radial glial (RG) cells or the basal intermediate progenitors (IPCs) can severely impair cortical neuron production. Such changes are reflected by microcephaly and are often associated with cognitive defects. Genes encoding epigenetic regulators are a frequent cause of intellectual disability and many have been shown to regulate progenitor cell growth, including our inactivation of the Smarca1 gene encoding Snf2l, which is one of two ISWI mammalian orthologs. Loss of the Snf2l protein resulted in dysregulation of Foxg1 and IPC proliferation leading to macrocephaly. Here we show that inactivation of the closely related Smarca5 gene encoding the Snf2h chromatin remodeler is necessary for embryonic IPC expansion and subsequent specification of callosal projection neurons. Telencephalon-specific Smarca5 cKO embryos have impaired cell cycle kinetics and increased cell death, resulting in fewer Tbr2+ and FoxG1+ IPCs by mid-neurogenesis. These deficits give rise to adult mice with a dramatic reduction in Satb2+ upper layer neurons, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Mice survive into adulthood but molecularly display reduced expression of the clustered protocadherin genes that may further contribute to altered dendritic arborization and a hyperactive behavioral phenotype. Our studies provide novel insight into the developmental function of Snf2h-dependent chromatin remodeling processes during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Alvarez-Saavedra
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yves De Repentigny
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lukas E Hashem
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nidhi Chaudary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shihab Sarwar
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Doo Yang
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ilya Ioshikhes
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Teruyoshi Hirayama
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Integrated Biology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Integrated Biology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Young KG, Yan K, Picketts DJ. C3aR signaling and gliosis in response to neurodevelopmental damage in the cerebellum. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:135. [PMID: 31272467 PMCID: PMC6610970 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditional ablation of the Smarca5 gene in mice severely impairs the postnatal growth of the cerebellum and causes an ataxic phenotype. Comparative gene expression studies indicated that complement-related proteins were upregulated in the cerebellum of Smarca5 mutant mice. Complement proteins play critical roles within innate immune signaling pathways and, in the brain, are produced by glial cells under both normal and pathological conditions. The C3 complement protein-derived signaling peptide, C3a, has been implicated in contributing to both tissue damage and repair in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and stroke. Here, we investigated whether C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling promoted damage or repair in the developing cerebellum of Smarca5 mutant mice. METHODS Brain and cerebellum lysates from single Smarca5 conditional knockout (Smarca5 cKO) mice, C3aR1 KO mice, or double mutant mice were used for qRT-PCR and immunoblotting to assess the contribution of C3aR to the Smarca5 cKO brain pathology. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize alterations to astroglia and phagocyte cells in the developing cerebellum of each of the genotypes. RESULTS C3aR signaling was observed to limit gliosis and promote granule neuron survival during postnatal cerebellar development. In Smarca5 cKO mice, disorganized astroglia with increased GFAP expression develops concurrently with cerebellar granule neuron loss and phagocyte invasion over the first 10 days following birth. Potential ligand precursors of C3aR-VGF and C3-were found to have upregulated expression and/or altered processing during this time. Phagocytes (microglia and macrophages) in both the control and Smarca5 mutant mice were the only cells observed to express C3aR. Loss of C3aR in the Smarca5 cKO cerebellum resulted in increased numbers of apoptotic cells and early phagocyte invasion into the external granule cell layer, as well as an exacerbated disorganization of the Bergmann glia. The loss of C3aR expression also attenuated an increase in the expression of the efferocytosis-related protein, MerTK, whose transcript was upregulated ~ 2.5-fold in the Smarca5 mutant cerebellum at P10. CONCLUSIONS This data indicates that C3aR can play an important role in limiting astrogliosis and regulating phagocyte phenotypes following developmental cell loss in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Young
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Present address: Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, 1600 Scott St, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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14
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Yan K, Liang J, Zhang X, Deng L, Feng D, Ling B. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induces innate immune responses via Toll-like receptor 3 in human ovarian granulosa cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:753-765. [PMID: 31111539 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ovary can be infected by a variety of viruses, which may come from the female reproductive tract or the peritoneum. The innate immune responses to viral infection in the human ovary are poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that human ovarian granulosa cells had innate immune activity in response to viral RNA challenge through Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation. TLR3 was constitutively expressed in the human ovary and predominantly located in granulosa cells of developmental follicles at all stages. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic viral double-stranded RNA analog, induced innate immune responses in human ovarian granulosa cells and affected endocrine function. Poly (I:C) significantly upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and type I interferon (IFN-α/β), and the innate immune responses were significantly reduced by blocking TLR3 signaling. Furthermore, poly (I:C) induced antiviral genes expression, including 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, Mx GTPase 1, IFN-stimulating gene 15 and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R. In contrast, the expression of P450 aromatase and inhibin was dramatically inhibited by poly (I:C). Both silencing of TLR3 and neutralizing TNF-α reversed the inhibitory effect of poly (I:C) on P450 aromatase and inhibin expression. Our study demonstrates that granulosa cells play a potential role in innate immune protection against viral infection in the normal human ovary, and the innate immune response perturbs cell endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Liu F, Zhang X, Yan K, Liang J, Deng L, Feng D, Ling B. Vitamin D receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in uterine leiomyoma tissues and their correlation. Transl Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2018.01.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Huh MS, Young KG, Yan K, Price-O’Dea T, Picketts DJ. Recovery from impaired muscle growth arises from prolonged postnatal accretion of myonuclei in Atrx mutant mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186989. [PMID: 29095838 PMCID: PMC5667798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced muscle mass due to pathological development can occur through several mechanisms, including the loss or reduced proliferation of muscle stem cells. Muscle-specific ablation of the α-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome mutant protein, Atrx, in transgenic mice results in animals with a severely reduced muscle mass at three weeks of age; yet this muscle mass reduction resolves by adult age. Here, we explore the cellular mechanism underlying this effect. Analysis of Atrx mutant mice included testing for grip strength and rotorod performance. Muscle fiber length, fiber volume and numbers of myofiber-associated nuclei were determined from individual EDL or soleus myofibers isolated at three, five, or eight weeks. Myofibers from three week old Atrx mutant mice are smaller with fewer myofiber-associated nuclei and reduced volume compared to control animals, despite similar fiber numbers. Nonetheless, the grip strength of Atrx mutant mice was comparable to control mice when adjusted for body weight. Myofiber volume remained smaller at five weeks, becoming comparable to controls by 8 weeks of age. Concomitantly, increased numbers of myofiber-associated nuclei and Ki67+ myoblasts indicated that the recovery of muscle mass likely arises from the prolonged accretion of new myonuclei. This suggests that under disease conditions the muscle satellite stem cell niche can remain in a prolonged active state, allowing for the addition of a minimum number of myonuclei required to achieve a normal muscle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Huh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kevin G. Young
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tina Price-O’Dea
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - David J. Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Feng D, Zhao T, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Ling B. Gonadotropins promote human ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion via a cyclooxygenase 2-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1091-1098. [PMID: 28677781 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that ovarian cancer is associated with local elevation of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), with repeated ovulation and accompanying expression of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). However, the roles of gonadotropins and the concomitant elevation of COX2 in the development of ovarian cancer have not been fully characterized. Herein, we report that excessive FSH/LH exposure did not induce proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines but significantly promoted cell migration and invasion. Moreover, FSH/LH treatment rapidly upregulated COX2 expression within 24 h, whereas COX1 expression remained unchanged. Further results showed that enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 contributed to the stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on cell migration and invasion; these effects were sufficiently blocked by a selective COX2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study suggests that gonadotropin-induced migration and invasion in ovarian cancer may be caused by EMT and MMP upregulation via a COX2-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Yan K, Feng D, Liang J, Wang Q, Deng L, Zhang X, Ling B, Han D. Cytosolic DNA sensor-initiated innate immune responses in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Reproduction 2017; 153:821-834. [PMID: 28351933 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections of the ovary may perturb ovarian functions. However, the mechanisms underlying innate immune responses in the ovary are poorly understood. The present study demonstrates that cytosolic viral DNA sensor signaling initiates the innate immune response in mouse ovarian granulosa cells and affects endocrine function. The cytosolic DNA sensors p204 and cGAS and their common signaling adaptor stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) were constitutively expressed in granulosa cells. Transfection with VACV70, a synthetic vaccinia virus (VACV) DNA analog, induced the expression of type I interferons (IFNA/B) and major inflammatory cytokines (TNFA and IL6) through IRF3 and NF-κB activation respectively. Moreover, several IFN-inducible antiviral proteins, including 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, IFN-stimulating gene 15 and Mx GTPase 1, were also induced by VACV70 transfection. The innate immune responses in granulosa cells were significantly reduced by the transfection of specific small-interfering RNAs targeting p204, cGas or Sting Notably, the VACV70-triggered innate immune responses affected steroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro The data presented in this study describe the mechanism underlying ovarian immune responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Wu H, Cheng L, Yan K, Shi L, Zhao X, Jiang Q, Wang F, Chen Y, Li Q, Han D. Mumps virus induces innate immune responses in mouse ovarian granulosa cells through the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:183-94. [PMID: 27477784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection may lead to oophoritis and perturb ovarian function. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of innate immune responses to MuV infection in the ovary have not been investigated. This study showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) cooperatively initiate innate immune responses to MuV infection in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells infected with MuV significantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and type 1 interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). Knockdown of RIG-I significantly decreased MuV-induced cytokine expression. TLR2 deficiency reduced the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 but did not affect the expression of IFN-α and IFN-β in granulosa cells after infection with MuV. Intraperitoneal injection of MuV induced the ovarian innate immune responses in vivo, which suppressed estradiol synthesis and induced granulosa cell apoptosis. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying MuV-induced innate immune responses in the mouse ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Daishu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Lagali PS, Medina CF, Zhao BYH, Yan K, Baker AN, Coupland SG, Tsilfidis C, Wallace VA, Picketts DJ. Retinal interneuron survival requires non-cell-autonomous Atrx activity. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4787-4803. [PMID: 28173139 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRX is a chromatin remodeling protein that is mutated in several intellectual disability disorders including alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATR-X) syndrome. We previously reported the prevalence of ophthalmological defects in ATR-X syndrome patients, and accordingly we find morphological and functional visual abnormalities in a mouse model harboring a mutation occurring in ATR-X patients. The visual system abnormalities observed in these mice parallels the Atrx-null retinal phenotype characterized by interneuron defects and selective loss of amacrine and horizontal cells. The mechanisms that underlie selective neuronal vulnerability and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system upon Atrx mutation or deletion are unknown. To interrogate the cellular specificity of Atrx for its retinal neuroprotective functions, we employed a combination of temporal and lineage-restricted conditional ablation strategies to generate five different conditional knockout mouse models, and subsequently identified a non-cell-autonomous requirement for Atrx in bipolar cells for inhibitory interneuron survival in the retina. Atrx-deficient retinal bipolar cells exhibit functional, structural and molecular alterations consistent with impairments in neuronal activity and connectivity. Gene expression changes in the Atrx-null retina indicate defective synaptic structure and neuronal circuitry, suggest excitotoxic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, and demonstrate that common targets of ATRX in the forebrain and retina may contribute to similar neuropathological processes underlying cognitive impairment and visual dysfunction in ATR-X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Lagali
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Chantal F Medina
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brandon Y H Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adam N Baker
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Stuart G Coupland
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Catherine Tsilfidis
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Vision Research Division, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8,,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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21
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Alvarez-Saavedra M, De Repentigny Y, Yang D, O’Meara R, Yan K, Hashem L, Racacho L, Ioshikhes I, Bulman D, Parks R, Kothary R, Picketts D. Voluntary Running Triggers VGF-Mediated Oligodendrogenesis to Prolong the Lifespan of Snf2h-Null Ataxic Mice. Cell Rep 2016; 17:862-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Yan K, Cheng L, Liu P, Liu Z, Zhao S, Zhu W, Wang Q, Wu H, Han D. Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Perturbs Ovarian Functions Through Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor A Production in Female Mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:11. [PMID: 26040668 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections may perturb ovarian functions and female fertility. Mechanisms underlying viral perturbation of ovarian functions are incompletely understood. This study found that intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] in female mice inhibits estradiol synthesis and induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. Poly (I:C) is a synthetic viral double-stranded RNA analog, which induces innate antiviral responses mimicking a viral infection through activation of pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. Injection of poly (I:C) significantly induced granulosa cell apoptosis in antral follicles and reduced antral follicle numbers. These effects were significantly diminished in Tlr3 knockout or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) knockout mice. We demonstrated that poly (I:C) induced TNFA production at a relatively high level in wild-type mice compared with that in Tlr3 knockout mice. Notably, TNFA neutralizing antibody significantly reduced poly (I:C)-induced ovarian dysfunction. In vitro assays confirmed that TNFA inhibits estradiol synthesis and induces granulosa cell apoptosis. Results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which a mimicked viral infection perturbs ovarian functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Zhu W, Zhao S, Liu Z, Cheng L, Wang Q, Yan K, Chen Q, Wu H, Han D. Pattern Recognition Receptor–Initiated Innate Antiviral Responses in Mouse Epididymal Epithelial Cells. J I 2015; 194:4825-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Liu Z, Zhao S, Chen Q, Yan K, Liu P, Li N, Cheng CY, Lee WM, Han D. Roles of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in mediating experimental autoimmune orchitis induction in mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:63. [PMID: 25588509 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian testis is an immunoprivileged site where male germ cell antigens are immunologically tolerated under physiological conditions. However, some pathological conditions can disrupt the immunoprivileged status and induce autoimmune orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. Mechanisms underlying autoimmune orchitis induction are largely unknown. The present study investigated the roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in mediating the induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) in mice after immunization with male germ cell antigens emulsified with complete Freund adjuvant. Wild-type mice developed severe EAO after three immunizations, which was characterized by leukocyte infiltration, autoantibody production, and impaired spermatogenesis. Tlr2 or Tlr4 deficient mice showed relatively low susceptibility to EAO induction compared with wild-type mice. Notably, Tlr2 and Tlr4 double knockout mice were almost completely protected from EAO induction. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLR2 was crucial in mediating autoantibody production in response to immunization. The results imply that TLR2 and TLR4 cooperatively mediate EAO induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Population Council, New York, New York
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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25
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Yu L, Liu P, Liu Z, Zhu W, Yan K, Chen Q, Han D. p204-Mediated innate antiviral responses in mouse adipose cells and their effects on cell functions. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:147-57. [PMID: 25287442 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses can infect adipose tissues. However, innate antiviral responses in adipose cells and their effects on adipocyte function have not yet been intensively investigated. In this study, p204-initiated innate antiviral responses in mouse adipose cells were examined. Cytosolic DNA sensor p204 and its signaling adaptor stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) were constitutively expressed in primary preadipocytes. Synthetic herpes simplex viral DNA (HSV60), a p204 ligand, induced type I IFN expression by activating IFN regulatory factor 3. Major antiviral proteins, including IFN-stimulating gene 15, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and Mx GTPase 1, in preadipocytes were upregulated by HSV60. HSV60-triggered innate antiviral responses were significantly reduced by inhibition of p204 signaling with specific small interfering RNA targeting p204 or STING. HSV60 inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes and enhanced the proliferation of adipose cells. Moreover, HSV60 induced innate antiviral responses in mature adipocytes and inhibited expressions of several adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin and resistin. These results indicated that p204 initiated innate antiviral responses in adipose cells, thereby modulating adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China [2] Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhu W, Liu P, Yu L, Chen Q, Liu Z, Yan K, Lee WM, Cheng CY, Han D. p204-Initiated Innate Antiviral Response in Mouse Leydig Cells1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:8. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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27
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Alvarez-Saavedra M, De Repentigny Y, Lagali PS, Raghu Ram EVS, Yan K, Hashem E, Ivanochko D, Huh MS, Yang D, Mears AJ, Todd MAM, Corcoran CP, Bassett EA, Tokarew NJA, Kokavec J, Majumder R, Ioshikhes I, Wallace VA, Kothary R, Meshorer E, Stopka T, Skoultchi AI, Picketts DJ. Snf2h-mediated chromatin organization and histone H1 dynamics govern cerebellar morphogenesis and neural maturation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4181. [PMID: 24946904 PMCID: PMC4083431 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin compaction mediates progenitor to post-mitotic cell transitions and modulates gene expression programs, yet the mechanisms are poorly defined. Snf2h and Snf2l are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling proteins that assemble, reposition and space nucleosomes, and are robustly expressed in the brain. Here we show that mice conditionally inactivated for Snf2h in neural progenitors have reduced levels of histone H1 and H2A variants that compromise chromatin fluidity and transcriptional programs within the developing cerebellum. Disorganized chromatin limits Purkinje and granule neuron progenitor expansion, resulting in abnormal post-natal foliation, while deregulated transcriptional programs contribute to altered neural maturation, motor dysfunction and death. However, mice survive to young adulthood, in part from Snf2l compensation that restores Engrailed-1 expression. Similarly, Purkinje-specific Snf2h ablation affects chromatin ultrastructure and dendritic arborization, but alters cognitive skills rather than motor control. Our studies reveal that Snf2h controls chromatin organization and histone H1 dynamics for the establishment of gene expression programs underlying cerebellar morphogenesis and neural maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Alvarez-Saavedra
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Yves De Repentigny
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Pamela S Lagali
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Edupuganti V S Raghu Ram
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Emile Hashem
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Danton Ivanochko
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Michael S Huh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Doo Yang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5 [2] Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Alan J Mears
- Vision Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Matthew A M Todd
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Chelsea P Corcoran
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Erin A Bassett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Nicholas J A Tokarew
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Juraj Kokavec
- Institute of Pathologic Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12853, Czech Republic
| | - Romit Majumder
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ilya Ioshikhes
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5 [2] Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5 [2] Vision Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Tomas Stopka
- Institute of Pathologic Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12853, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur I Skoultchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - David J Picketts
- 1] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5 [3] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) may infect the testis and impair testicular function. Mechanisms underlying testicular innate immune response to these two pathogens remain to be clarified. The present study examined the function of TLR11, which can be recognized by T. gondii-derived profilin and UPEC, in initiating innate immune response in male mouse germ cells. TLR11 is predominantly expressed in spermatids. Profilin and UPEC induced the expressions of different inflammatory cytokine profiles in the germ cells. In particular, profilin induced the expressions of macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin 12 (IL12), and interferon gamma (IFNG) through nuclear factor KB (NFKB) activation. UPEC induced the expressions of MCP1, IL12, and IFNG, as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), IL6, and IFNB, through the activation of NFKB, IFN regulatory factor 3, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Evidence showed that profilin induced the innate response in male germ cells through TLR11 signaling, and UPEC triggered the response through TLR11 and other TLR-signaling pathways. We also provided evidence that local injection of profilin or UPEC induces the innate immune response in the germ cells. Data describe TLR11-mediated innate immune function of male germ cells in response to T. gondii profilin and UPEC stimulations. This system may play a role in testicular defense against T. gondii and UPEC infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyuan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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29
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Yan K, Liu P, Liu Z, Zhao S, Cheng L, Han D. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid initiates ovarian innate antiviral response and inhibits steroidogenesis in female mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:11. [PMID: 24285719 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection may perturb ovarian functions. However, innate antiviral response in the ovary has not been intensively investigated. In this study, we examined the innate antiviral system in the mouse ovary and the impacts of antiviral response on steroidogenesis. Major virus sensors, including Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, are predominantly expressed in ovarian stromal and granulosa cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C]) is a common agonist of TLR3, retinoic acid-inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. Intraperitoneal injection of poly (I:C) activated nuclear factor kappa B and interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 in the ovarian cells and induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and type 1 IFNs (IFNA/B). Moreover, poly (I:C) upregulated the expression of several antiviral proteins, including 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, IFN-stimulated gene 15, and Mx GTPase 1. The innate antiviral response in the ovary was significantly reduced in Tlr3-deficient mice. Notably, we demonstrated that poly (I:C) injection inhibits steroidogenesis enzyme expression and decreases plasma estradiol and testosterone levels. The results show that the mouse ovary is equipped with innate antiviral state, and the antiviral response perturbs ovarian endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ringuette R, Wang Y, Atkins M, Mears AJ, Yan K, Wallace VA. Combinatorial hedgehog and mitogen signaling promotes the in vitro expansion but not retinal differentiation potential of retinal progenitor cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:43-54. [PMID: 24194188 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The in vitro expansion of multilineage competent primary neural progenitor cells is typically limited. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is required in vivo for the maintenance of stem cell (SC) and progenitor populations in the central nervous system, including the retina. Here we investigated the impact of Hh signaling on in vitro expansion of perinatal mouse retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). METHODS Perinatal mouse retinal cells were treated with combinations of Hh agonist (Hh-Ag), epidermal growth factor (EGF)/fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and the cultures were assayed for long-term growth, gene expression, and dependence on Gli2. Differentiation was assessed in monolayer cultures, following in vivo transplantation and in cellular reaggregates. RESULTS Using a combination of Hh-Ag, EGF, and FGF2, we were able to establish long-term RPC cultures (termed Hh-RPCs). The ability of this combinatorial signaling approach to block quiescence of these was not associated with altered TP53/MDM2 levels or Hh-EGF cooperativity gene expression. Efficient Hh-RPC expansion and monolayer culture establishment requires Gli2, as Hh-RPCs derived from Gli2 knockout retinal tissue fail to generate cultures that can be passaged long-term in vitro. Hedgehog RPCs retain competence for neurogenic and gliogenic differentiation in vitro; however, they fail to engraft and differentiate into retinal cell types following in vivo transplantation to the eye or in vitro when mixed with acutely dissociated perinatal retinal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that combining Hh and mitogen signaling is sufficient to promote the expansion of RPCs in vitro, but it is insufficient to maintain competence of these cells for retinal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Ringuette
- Vision Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhu W, Chen Q, Yan K, Liu Z, Li N, Zhang X, Yu L, Chen Y, Han D. RIG-I-like receptors mediate innate antiviral response in mouse testis. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1455-67. [PMID: 23820901 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis is an immune privileged organ in which the tissue-specific cells have adopted effective innate immune functions against microbial pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate innate immune response in the testis. The current study demonstrates that melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) initiate the testicular innate antiviral response. Both MDA5 and RIG-I are expressed in Leydig cells, and MDA5 is also expressed in spermatids. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a common agonist of MDA5 and RIG-I, significantly induces the expression of type I interferons (IFN-α/β) and antiviral proteins, including IFN-stimulated gene 15, 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, and Mx GTPase 1, in primary TLR3-deficient (TLR3(-/-)) Leydig and germ cells. Moreover, major proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, are significantly up-regulated by poly(I:C) in these testicular cells. The poly(I:C)-induced innate antiviral response in the testicular cells is significantly reduced by knockdown of individual MDA5 and RIG-I using specific small interfering RNA. We also provide evidence that local injection of poly(I:C) induces antiviral response in the testis of TLR3(-/-) mice. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying testicular antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005 China
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Yan K, Zhu W, Yu L, Li N, Zhang X, Liu P, Chen Q, Chen Y, Han D. Toll-like receptor 3 and RIG-I-like receptor activation induces innate antiviral responses in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:73-85. [PMID: 23567548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections of the ovary can cause pathological conditions. However, innate antiviral responses in the ovary are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are constitutively expressed in the mouse ovary and predominantly located in granulosa cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a common agonist of TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I, induced innate antiviral responses in ovarian granulosa cells. Poly(I:C) up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, and type I interferons (IFN-α/β). Moreover, poly(I:C) induced the expression of antiviral proteins, including 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, Mx GTPase 1 and IFN-stimulating gene 15, in granulosa cells. In contrast, P450 aromatase expression was inhibited by poly(I:C). The poly(I:C)-induced antiviral responses in TLR3 knockout (TLR3(-/-)) ovarian granulosa cells were reduced, and completely abolished by blocking of MDA5/RIG-I signaling. Further, the poly(I:C)-induced cytokine expression in TLR3(-/-) cells was reduced by knockdown of MDA5 or RIG-I. Data suggest that TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I cooperate in mediating innate antiviral responses in granulosa cells, which may contribute to the defense of the ovary against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Zhang Y, Li N, Chen Q, Yan K, Liu Z, Zhang X, Liu P, Chen Y, Han D. Breakdown of immune homeostasis in the testis of mice lacking Tyro3, Axl and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:416-26. [PMID: 23689306 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases triple knockout (TAM(-/-)) mice are male infertile due to impaired spermatogenesis. However, the mechanism by which TAM receptors regulate spermatogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the testicular immune homeostasis was impaired in TAM(-/-) mice. As development after the onset of sexual maturity, germ cells were progressively degenerated. Macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrated into the testis as TAM(-/-) mice aged. Moreover, the integrity of blood-testis barrier was impaired, and the autoantibodies against germ cell antigens were produced. Major inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were upregulated in the testis of TAM(-/-) mice, and predominantly located in Sertoli cells (SCs). In vitro assays showed that TAM(-/-) SCs secrete significantly high levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type SCs after coculture with apoptotic germ cells. These results suggest that TAM receptors are important in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lagali PS, Medina CF, Yan K, Mears AJ, Wallace VA, Picketts DJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal loss in Atrx-knockout mice. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3600692 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Huh MS, Yan K, O’Dea TP, Picketts DJ. Myoblast expansion defects leads to muscle growth delay and subsequent compensatory adaptation in adult Atrx cKO skeletal muscle. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3600687 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Alvarez-Saavedra M, Lagali P, Yan K, Hashem E, Mears A, De Repentigny Y, Wallace VA, Kothary R, Stopka T, Skoultchi AI, Picketts DJ. Coordinated epigenetic regulation of Engrailed-1 by the chromatin remodelers Smarca1 and Smarca5 mediates cerebellar morphogenesis. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620705 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Deng T, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Yan K, Han D. Toll-like receptor-mediated inhibition of Gas6 and ProS expression facilitates inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. Immunology 2012; 135:40-50. [PMID: 22043818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers rapid inflammatory cytokine production in various cell types. The exogenous product of growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (ProS) inhibit the TLR-triggered inflammatory responses through the activation of Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptors. However, regulation of the Gas6/ProS-TAM system remains largely unknown. In the current study, mouse macrophages are shown to constitutively express Gas6 and ProS, which synergistically suppress the basal and TLR-triggered production of inflammatory cytokines, including those of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, by the macrophages in an autocrine manner. Notably, TLR signalling markedly decreases Gas6 and ProS expression in macrophages through the activation of the nuclear factor-κB. Further, the down-regulation of Gas6 and ProS by TLR signalling facilitates the TLR-mediated inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. These results describe a self-regulatory mechanism of TLR signalling through the suppression of Gas6 and ProS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Xu FL, Li YQ, Li FF, Yan KQ, Zhang F, Chen SX. [Extracts of mucopolysaccharides from Asterias rollestoni and its immunoregulation effect in vitro]. Zhong Yao Cai 2009; 32:1421-1424. [PMID: 20034223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study immunoregulation effects on normal pulpal cells of the mucopolysaccharides MP1 and MP2 extracted from Asterias rollestoni body wall and viscera, respectively. METHODS The orthogonal design was employed to obtain the best possible combination of the critical parameters for mucopolysaccharide MP2. MP1, MP2, glycosides, MP1 + glycosides and MP2 + glycosides were added respectively into pulpal cells culture media to test their effects on spleen cells proliferations by MTT assay. RESULTS MP1 and MP2 could certainly increase the proliferation of the normal splenocyte and inhibit glycosides cytotoxicity. Compared with controls, MP2 reversed the cytotoxicity of glycosides at concentration of 25 to 40 mg/mL, the greatest activity appearing at the dose of 40 mg/mL (P<0.01), while MP1 didn't reverse it. CONCLUSION MP1 and MP2 can enhance immunity of normal mice, and MP2 can significantly reverses the cytotoxicity of glycosides in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-long Xu
- Marine College of Shandong University in Weihai, Weihai 264209, China.
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