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Azam AH, Kadoi K, Miyanaga K, Usui M, Tamura Y, Cui L, Tanji Y. Analysis host-recognition mechanism of staphylococcal kayvirus ɸSA039 reveals a novel strategy that protects Staphylococcus aureus against infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Siphoviridae phages. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6809-6823. [PMID: 31236618 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), phage therapy has attracted significant attention as an alternative to antibiotic treatment. Bacteriophages belonging to kayvirus (previously known as Twort-like phages) have broad host range and are strictly lytic in Staphylococcus spp. Previous work revealed that kayvirus ɸSA039 has a host-recognition mechanism distinct from those of other known kayviruses: most of kayviruses use the backbone of wall teichoic acid (WTA) as their receptor; by contrast, ɸSA039 uses the β-N-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc) residue in WTA. In this study, we found that ɸSA039 could switch its receptor to be able to infect S. aureus lacking the β-GlcNAc residue by acquiring a spontaneous mutation in open reading frame (ORF) 100 and ORF102. Moreover, ɸSA039 could infect S. pseudintermedius, which has a different WTA structure than S. aureus. By comparison, with newly isolated S. pseudintermedius-specific phage (SP phages), we determined that glycosylation in WTA of S. pseudintermedius is essential for adsorption of SP phages, but not ɸSA039. Finally, we describe a novel strategy of S. aureus which protects the bacteria from infection of SP phages. Notably, glycosylation of ribitol phosphate (RboP) WTA by TarM or/and TarS prevents infection of S. aureus by SP phages. These findings could help to establish a new strategy for the treatment of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius infection, as well as provide valuable insights into the biology of phage-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aa Haeruman Azam
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadoi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyoudaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyoudaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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2
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Kadoi K, Sugioka H, Satoh T, Kadoi BK. The propagation of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine cell lines. New Microbiol 2002; 25:285-90. [PMID: 12173769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), P-5V, utilized as a live virus vaccine in Japan was infected to a swine cell lines, KSEK6 and IB-RS-2 cells. Clear CPE, characterized by cellular destruction, started to appear in the infected cells on 2-3 days post infection (DPI) and affected cells was completely degenerated on 4 DPI. The virus was serially passaged in the cells even without addition of trypsin. Small but clear plaques were formed under an agar overlay medium on the cells. The infective titer in the order of 10(7.00-7.50) TCID50 per ml was obtained at usual incubation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Bio-medical Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Kadoi K. Virus propagation in a swine monocyte cell line. New Microbiol 2002; 25:117-22. [PMID: 12019716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of seventeen virus strains, classified into five virus families, in a swine monocyte cell line (SW/K99) was studied in the point of infective progeny production. The viruses examined were adapted to grow in a swine epithelial cell line (KSEK6) and were proved to show clear CPE in advance. These viruses were successively passaged in the monocyte cultures regardless of CPE occurrence. The cultures at 3rd passage level were titrated for their infectivity using KSEK6 cells. Out of the viruses examined, only Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) was able to propagate in the monocytes. Four ADV strains, two virulent and two attenuated strains, were compared for their growth in two cell lines. The final amount of infective progeny measured at 72 hours incubation at 36.5 degrees C was almost in a similar order between 2 cell lines. However, the amount of infective progeny produced at 24 hours incubation was higher in SW/K99 cells than that in KSEK6 cells. The occurrence of CPE was also more evident in SW/K99 cells in an early incubation. The data indicate that viral susceptibility of the monocytes to ADV is higher than that of epithelium. Other viruses were abortive in the monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Bio-medical Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Kadoi K, Tsukise A, Shiba H, Ikeda K, Seki T, Ariga T. Establishment of a swine monocyte cell line. New Microbiol 2001; 24:243-7. [PMID: 11497081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A swine monocyte cell line was established from peripheral blood sample collected from a healthy adult male pig. The cloned cells grow actively in forming monolayers in both glass and plastic cell culture flasks with the growth medium reported previously (Kadoi, 2000) at 36.5 degrees C incubation. The plating efficiency is more than 95%. Densely grown cells in flasks show an epithelioid morphology. The fundamental properties of the cells were examined for cytological definition as monocytes. A positive property detected was guinea pig complement receptor, porcine IgG receptor, non-specific esterase, and acid phosphatase. A significant phagocytic activity proved by the inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is also one of the characteristics observed in the LPS-activated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kadoi K, Suzuki H, Nishio O. Isolation of coxsackievirus B5 from pigs. New Microbiol 2001; 24:217-22. [PMID: 11497077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A cytopathic virus was isolated from young pigs suffering from severe diarrhea in Okinawa, Japan in 1986. The disease was highly contagious among young pigs. The physico-chemical properties of the virus indicated an enterovirus, but, no of serological relationship was detected with reference strains of porcine enteroviruses. With the aid of Genbank for genomic sequence data, RT-PCR and hybridization method was performed. The viral isolate was identified as the Coxsackievirus (CV) B5 of human enterovirus. This is the first report of the isolation of CV B5 from pigs in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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6
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Kadoi K, Ohba S, Takagi K, Kadoi BK. Antibody response of dogs inoculated with a large number of cultured canine monocytes adsorbed with a calicivirus in advance. New Microbiol 2001; 24:299-302. [PMID: 11497089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Five conventional Beagle dogs were intravenously injected with ten million canine monocyte cells (Cn/K99) cultured in vitro (Kadoi, 2000) adsorbed with a strain of calicivirus originally isolated from lions (Kadoi et al., 1997). Another two Beagle dogs were injected similarly with the virus suspension solely as control. Serum samples were collected from these dogs at intervals and specific seroneutralizing antibody production against the virus was measured in vitro. A significantly higher antibody production was demonstrated in the five dogs group. A clear booster effect was also proved in the sera of the dogs after the second virus inoculation made on day 100. A possibility of antigen presentation function of non-self monocytes is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Bio-medical Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Kadoi K, Kadoi BK. Stability of feline caliciviruses in marine water maintained at different temperatures. New Microbiol 2001; 24:17-21. [PMID: 11209839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Since human caliciviruses are responsible for viral gastroenteritis transmitted by contaminated foods and the viruses barely propagate in cell culture, feline caliciviruses were employed as a model for the measurement of their stability in marine water. Survival of four strains of feline calicivirus in marine water was measured when the seed viruses were diluted 1/10 with marine water and maintained at 4 degrees C, 10 degrees C, and 20 degrees C respectively. Among the virus strains studied, a considerable amount of infective viruses remained at 10 degrees C or lower temperature conditions even for a period of 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Bio-medical Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Kadoi K. Establishment of a canine monocyte cell line. New Microbiol 2000; 23:441-4. [PMID: 11061633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A canine monocyte cell line was established from the peripheral blood sample collected from a healthy young male Beagle dog. The cloned cells grew easily and were serially passaged in vitro in the medium, a slight modification further made on Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The morphology of single cell was shown in triangular or round form, however, it became epithelioid in a densely grown monolayer. Non-specific esterase was detected in all cells by a cytochemical examination. The cells reacted rapidly to the addition of a small amount of LPS and differentiated to the cells of morphologically typical macrophages. Both complement receptor (CD35) and Fc gamma receptor (CD64) were demonstrated on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Bio-medical Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Kadoi K, Kamata H, Ohba S, Satoh T, Inaba Y. Experimental infection in SPF kittens with a particular calicivirus strain originally isolated from lion. New Microbiol 1998; 21:255-8. [PMID: 9699205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two SPF kittens were experimentally infected via the intranasal route with a strain of calicivirus originally isolated from sick lion suffering from vesicular disease. Fever, 40.3 degrees C and 40.7 degrees C, and vesicular formation in tongue and snout were reproduced in both kittens. The infected virus was recovered from nasal, oral and rectal swabs. A longer duration of virus recovery was proved with oral swab samples taken from 1 to 10 and 12 days post infection. This suggests that tongue and oral tissues are the main tissues for virus multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Kadoi K, Watanabe N, Sasagawa T, Kozasa M. Antibody response of cattle experimentally inoculated with parainfluenza type-3 live vaccine in a post-tracheal position. New Microbiol 1998; 21:249-54. [PMID: 9699204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the major viral respiratory diseases of cattle is parainfluenza type-3 virus infection. Attenuated live virus vaccines have been used in most countries. An experimental attempt was made to clarify the antibody response of cattle inoculated with a live vaccine in a post-tracheal position by a spray method. A significantly higher titers of antibodies in both hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization were obtained in the serum samples of animals vaccinated in this manner than those vaccinated by intramuscular injection or intranasal instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Kadoi K, Kiryu M, Inaba Y. Antibody response of lions inoculated with inactivated calicivirus vaccine experimentally prepared. New Microbiol 1998; 21:147-51. [PMID: 9579339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of lions and tigers in a Safari park in Japan were suffering from acute vesicular disease caused by a calicivirus infection. All of these animals were injected subcutaneously with an inactivated calicivirus vaccine experimentally prepared with one of the seed viruses originally isolated from sick lions. Seroneutralizing antibody of paired sera collected from ten female lions at two week intervals was measured. A significant elevation of specific antibody was detected in the serum samples and no local or systemic reactions associated with vaccination were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Suzuki H, Eiumtrakul S, Ariya T, Supawadee J, Maneekarn N, Tanaka M, Ueda M, Kadoi K, Takahashi S. Antigenic analysis of influenza viruses isolated in Thailand between 1991 and 1994. New Microbiol 1997; 20:207-14. [PMID: 9258939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the epidemiology of influenza viruses in Thailand by isolating them and comparing their antigenic features with those of Japanese isolates. Between 1991 and 1994, 32 strains were isolated from 186 throat swab specimens. Twenty-one of the 32 isolates were of type A, subtype H3N2, and 11 strains were type B. It was suggested that the isolates of type A, subtype H3N2, drifted antigenically from A/Beijing/352/89-like to A/Kitakyusyu/159/93-like variants used as reference strains for comparison. The type B isolates in 1991 were suspected to be antigenically different from those of B/Bangkok/163/90, Thailand, in HI tests. These 1991 isolates were similar to B/Mie/1/93, which was isolated in the latter half of the epidemic in Japan in winter 1992/1993.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
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13
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Kadoi K, Iwabuchi M, Satoh T, Katase T, Kawaji T, Morichi T. Adenovirus isolation from spleen lymphocytes of apparently healthy pigs. New Microbiol 1997; 20:215-20. [PMID: 9258940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A polyethylene glycol treatment was given to fuse KSEK6 cells, an established cell line derived from porcine embryo kidney, with the lymphocytes, separated from spleens of 35 apparently healthy slaughtered pigs. Eight cytopathic virus strains were isolated from the lymphocytes of these pigs. Two virus strains were isolated by inoculating the spleen tissue homogenates to KSEK6 monolayer cultures. All of viruses were identified as porcine adenoviruses according to their physicochemical, serological and immunological properties. One of these virus strains was serologically proved to be independent from six serotypes of porcine adenoviruses ever known. The electrophoretic property of viral DNA of this strain was indicated to be different from those of other reference porcine adenoviruses. This means the presence of a 7th serotype in porcine adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kadoi K, Kiryu M, Iwabuchi M, Kamata H, Yukawa M, Inaba Y. A strain of calicivirus isolated from lions with vesicular lesions on tongue and snout. New Microbiol 1997; 20:141-8. [PMID: 9208424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In December 1992, 17 African lions and 7 Siberian tigers in a Safari park in Japan became sick with characteristic clinical symptoms of acute vesicular formations on tongue and snout. The disease was highly contagious since all of these animals showed similar symptoms within two days after the onset of the first case. Swabs were taken from affected animals in rubbing tongues, snouts and some from rectums. Cytopathic viruses were isolated on CRFK cell culture by virological tests. The physicochemical property of a representative virus strain, named Arthur/L, isolated from a male lion was identified as a member of Caliciviridae. However, seroneutralization test indicated that this virus strain was antigenically distinct from Japanese isolates of feline caliciviruses used for comparison. Viral capsid proteins of the present isolate, Arthur/L, and of a feline calicivirus, strain FC7, were compared in an electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE gel. The major viral capsid polypeptide of them were proved to be significantly different in molecular weight. The polypeptide of FC7 was estimated to be ca. 63 KDa whereas that of Arthur/L consisted of 2 components of ca. 65 and 62 KDa. The viral proteins of these two strains were also proved to be distinct by an immunoblotting test.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Kadoi K, Kamata H, Morita M. Viral susceptibility of a newly established cell line derived from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/C mouse. New Microbiol 1997; 20:149-54. [PMID: 9208425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Viral susceptibility of a newly established cell line, named KMP, derived from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/C mouse is described. The cells were originally cloned from the in vitro culture of ascites of the mouse injected with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells in advance. The electrophoretic pattern of cellular DNAs, extracted from KMP, normal BALB/C mouse spleen, and Ehrlich tumor cells respectively were compared after triple digestions with restriction endonucleases. This cell line was proved to be of mouse origin, but not the sub-line of Ehrlich tumor cells. The strains of Coxsackie virus B group, swine enterovirus, influenza virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and Aujeszky's disease virus were able to multiply well in the cell line with considerably high infectious titers in showing clear CPE and circular plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Kadoi K. Beneficial use of inactivated porcine adenovirus vaccine and antibody response of young pigs. New Microbiol 1997; 20:89-91. [PMID: 9037675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An inactivated adenovirus vaccine experimentally prepared was inoculated into young pigs against the adenovirus infection newly appeared in Japan. Sero-neutralizing titers of the paired sera collected from 50 pigs in the interval of 3 weeks was measured. The mean of antibody titers of post-sera was 45 times higher than that of pre-sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Kadoi K. Preparation of serotype specific antiserum against porcine adenoviruses in mice. New Microbiol 1996; 19:179-82. [PMID: 8722316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Serotyping of porcine adenoviruses needs type-specific antiserum. The injections of purified virions to SPF Balb/C mice, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of Ehrlich ascitic tumour cells, gave enough ascitic fluid containing practically applicable type-specific antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
A strain of cytopathic virus, named strain TG/K79, was isolated from the brain of a newborn piglet, pure Hampshire breed, which died shortly after birth. The physicochemical property of virus was considered to be that of the family Adenoviridae. A significant difference between our isolated and 4 reference porcine adenoviruses was demonstrated by cross-seroneutralization test. Differences between TG/K79 and other porcine adenoviruses were also seen in electrophoretic patterns of viral DNA in agarose gel after digested by restriction endonucleases. Two SPF pigs, 2-month-old, experimentally infected via intranasal showed a fever and a hemorrhagic enteritis. A serological survey indicates that at least swine in the farm where the virus was isolated have been highly contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory for Biological Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Kadoi K, Sakai T, Yukawa M, Kamata H, Iwabuchi M. The propagation of a porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in swine kidney cell cultures. New Microbiol 1994; 17:341-4. [PMID: 7861992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An established cell line, KSEK6, derived from swine embryo kidney proved to be a suitable host for the propagation of a hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, strain 67N. Infected cells showed clear cytopathic effect as early as 24 hours incubation at 37 degrees C. Plaques easily visible to the naked eye were also produced under agar overlay medium. The infective titer of 3rd passage level in the cells was in the order of 10(8) PFU per ml. Detecting antibodies against this virus strain in swine sera was considered to be more accurate by neutralization test than by hemagglutination inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kadoi K, Kurogi H, Fonseca E, Shope RE. Identification of Kagoshima and Chuzan viruses of Japan as Kasba virus, an orbivirus of the Palyam serogroup. Aust Vet J 1994; 71:57. [PMID: 8166617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1994.tb06155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E R Jusa
- Department of Veterinary Epizootiology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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21
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Yukawa M, Kamata H, Ohba S, Kadoi K, Mochizuki K. Effect of immune serum, an antibiotic, and a corticosteroid used alone or in combination on experimental leptospirosis in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Basic Microbiol 1994; 34:49-55. [PMID: 8207664 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620340110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of immune sera, an antibiotic, and a corticosteroid used alone or in combination on leptospira infection in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The results suggest that the combined used of immune serum and corticosteroid (pledonizoron: PZ) inhibits the effects of serum and the marked effects of antibiotic (procaine penicillin-G: PC-G) on leptospirosis. PZ had no effects and rather shortened the survival period. PZ did not affect the effects of PC-G when used in combination. These results suggest that treatment of leptospirosis with corticosteroids requires special caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yukawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kadoi K. A mechanism involved in the plaque enhancement effect of sodium thiosulfate for foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Microbiologica 1992; 15:399-401. [PMID: 1331716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism involved in the plaque enhancement effect of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) by the addition of sodium thiosulfate (Hypo) in the agar overlay medium (AOM) previously reported was studied. It was experimentally proved that the diffusion of virus particles through agar overlay medium was enhanced when this salt was incorporated. Accordingly, the enlarged plaque formation was assumed to be caused by the enhanced diffusion of viral progenies produced in infectious centers during plaque assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Brescia, Italy
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Kadoi K. Viral susceptibility of an established cell line of swine embryo kidney. Microbiologica 1992; 15:313-7. [PMID: 1323743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The viral susceptibility of a cell line, named KSEK6, newly established from the kidney cortex of swine embryo was tested for the indication of CPE occurrences and also plaque formations. The multiplication of porcine adenoviruses was considerably high in the cells among the virus strains tested though plaques of these viruses were hardly visible under agar overlay medium. Two strains of swine enteroviruses, Aujeszky's disease virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus also multiplied well in a similar order to those received in the other cells employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kadoi K, Mochizuki A, Ikeda T, Kamata H, Yukawa M, Inoue Y. Susceptibility of a line of dolphin kidney cell culture to several herpesviruses. J Basic Microbiol 1992; 32:227-32. [PMID: 1460566 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620320404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cell line was established from cell cultures of kidney cortex of a pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuate. The replication of 6 strains of herpesviruses was studied in the cells. Five strains of them, herpes simplex virus type I and type II, equine rhinopneumonitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and Aujeszky's disease virus, were grown fairly well in showing clear cytopathic effects and plaques under agar overlay medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadoi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus grown in primary swine kidney cell cultures agglutinated erythrocytes from chicken, guinea pig and cattle but not erythrocytes from mouse and goose. The optimal incubation temperature was at 4 degrees C. The hemagglutination (HA) reaction was inhibited by specific antiserum. Some factors involved in the HA and HA-inhibition (HI) were investigated and standard HA and HI tests were established. HI antibody titers of individual pig sera showed a significant positive correlation with their neutralizing antibody titers.
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Kadoi K. Plaque enhancement effect of sodium thiosulfate for foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Microbiologica 1986; 9:151-62. [PMID: 3012288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A plaque enhancement effect by the addition of sodium thiosulfate for foot-and-mouth disease viruses was demonstrated when this salt was incorporated in agar and in agarose overlay media. Most of the mechanism is obscure, however, as one of the effects is that sodium thiosulfate seems to interact in a reversible manner against the plaque inhibitor action of neutral red in cellular cytoplasm. A plaque inhibitor contained in agar could be removed in some degree by the addition of this salt.
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Kadoi K. An attempt at preparing anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus serum. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 1983; 45:131-3. [PMID: 6306318 DOI: 10.1292/jvms1939.45.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kadoi K. [Muscle fibre polarization measurement by the half sine wave (author's transl)]. Shigaku 1976; 64:309-20. [PMID: 1075434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ojima K, Kadoi K, Moriwaki K, Akiniwa M, Ishikawa M. [The tooth electric resistance immersed in the formic acid (author's transl)]. Shigaku 1975; 63:307-13. [PMID: 1074052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kadoi K, Kobori S, Morimoto T. Studies on swine enteroviruses. Japanese 6th serotype and relationship between heat susceptibility and ctyopathic effects. Jpn J Microbiol 1970; 14:111-21. [PMID: 4315493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1970.tb00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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