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Lee J, Im KI, Gil S, Na H, Min GJ, Kim N, Cho SG. TLR5 agonist in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment enhances anti-tumor effect through M1/M2 macrophage polarization shift and CD8 + T cell priming. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:102. [PMID: 38630304 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized anti-tumor therapy, notably improving treatment responses in various tumors. However, many patients remain non-responsive and do not experience benefits. Given that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can counteract tumor immune tolerance by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, TLR agonists are being explored as potential immune adjuvants for cancer treatment. In this study, we assessed the potential of enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by activating innate immunity with a TLR5 agonist. In a mouse tumor model, combination therapy with TLR5 agonist and anti-PD-1 significantly inhibited tumor growth. The TLR5 agonist shifted the balance from M2-like to M1-like macrophages and upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in macrophages. Furthermore, TLR5 agonist promoted the activation and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells. As a result, the TLR5 agonist augmented the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1, suggesting its potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment to enhance the anti-tumor response. Our findings point toward the possibility of optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy using TLR5 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Gil
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Na
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-June Min
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon Y, Lim JY, Im KI, Kim N, Cho SG. BAFF blockade attenuates acute graft-versus-host disease directly via the dual regulation of T- and B-cell homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995149. [PMID: 36561743 PMCID: PMC9763883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is associated with donor-specific antibodies and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the effects of BAFF on T-cell physiological function have not been fully elucidated in acute GVHD. Methods We examined the effects of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting BAFF, for the treatment of acute GVHD. We examined the effects of T cells and B cells separately when inducing GVHD in mouse model. Results Therapeutic functional manipulation of endogenous BAFF can improve acute GVHD during the early post-transplant period. In this study, BAFF was shown to increase the proportions of CD4+IL-17+, CD4+IL-6+ Th17, and CD4+IFN-γ+ Th1 cells and to reduce the proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, the belimumab therapy group showed increased B220+IgD+IgM+ mature B cells but decreased B220+IgD-IgM- memory B cells, B220+Fas+GL-7+ germinal center formation, and B220+IgD-CD138+ plasma cells. These results indicate that BAFF can alleviate acute GVHD by simultaneously regulating T and B cells. Interestingly, the BAFF level was higher in patients with acute GVHD after HSCT compared with patients receiving chemotherapy. Conclusion This study suggests that BAFF blockade might modulate CD4 +T-cell-induced acute GVHD early after allo-HSCT and the possibility of simultaneously controlling chronic GVHD, which may appear later after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Jeon
- Department of Hematology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Lymphoma and Cell Therapy-Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Department of Hematology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Lymphoma and Cell Therapy-Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Seok-Goo Cho,
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Kim N, Lee JM, Oh EJ, Jekarl DW, Lee DG, Im KI, Cho SG. Off-the-Shelf Partial HLA Matching SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Specific T Cell Therapy: A New Possibility for COVID-19 Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:751869. [PMID: 35003063 PMCID: PMC8733616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunological characteristics of COVID-19 show pathological hyperinflammation associated with lymphopenia and dysfunctional T cell responses. These features provide a rationale for restoring functional T cell immunity in COVID-19 patients by adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells. Methods To generate SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 COVID-19 recovered and 13 unexposed donors. Consequently, we stimulated cells with SARS-CoV-2 peptide mixtures covering spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. Then, we culture expanded cells with IL-2 for 21 days. We assessed immunophenotypes, cytokine profiles, antigen specificity of the final cell products. Results Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells could be expanded in both COVID-19 recovered and unexposed groups. Immunophenotypes were similar in both groups showing CD4+ T cell dominance, but CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ T cells were also present. Antigen specificity was determined by ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine assay, and cytotoxicity assays. One out of 14 individuals who were previously unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 failed to show antigen specificity. Moreover, ex-vivo expanded SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells mainly consisted of central and effector memory subsets with reduced alloreactivity against HLA-unmatched cells suggesting the possibility for the development of third-party partial HLA-matching products. Discussion In conclusion, our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell can be readily expanded from both COVID-19 and unexposed individuals and can therefore be manufactured as a biopharmaceutical product to treat severe COVID-19 patients. One Sentence Summary Ex-vivo expanded SARS-CoV-2 antigen specific T cells developed as third-party partial HLA-matching products may be a promising approach for treating severe COVID-19 patients that do not respond to previous treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Product Development Division, LucasBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Product Development Division, LucasBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Product Development Division, LucasBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Song Y, Lim JY, Lim T, Im KI, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Shin JC, Ko HS, Park IY, Cho SG. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and bone marrow exert immunomodulatory effects in different mechanisms. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1032-1049. [PMID: 33033563 PMCID: PMC7524695 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive tool to treat graft-versus-host disease because of their unique immunoregulatory properties. Although human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were the most widely used MSCs in cell therapy until recently, MSCs derived from human umbilical cords (UC-MSCs) have gained popularity as cell therapy material for their ethical and noninvasive collection.
AIM To investigate the difference in mechanisms of the immunosuppressive effects of UC-MSCs and BM-MSCs.
METHODS To analyze soluble factors expressed by MSCs, such as indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and interleukin (IL)-6, inflammatory environments in vitro were reconstituted with combinations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1β or with IFN-γ alone. Activated T cells were cocultured with MSCs treated with indomethacin and/or anti-IL-10. To assess the ability of MSCs to inhibit T helper 17 cells and induce regulatory T cells, induced T helper 17 cells were cocultured with MSCs treated with indomethacin or anti-IL-10. Xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease was induced in NOG mice (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull) and UC-MSCs or BM-MSCs were treated as cell therapies.
RESULTS Our data demonstrated that BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs shared similar phenotypic characteristics and immunomodulation abilities. BM-MSCs expressed more indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase after cytokine stimulation with different combinations of IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α and IL-1β or IFN-γ alone. UC-MSCs expressed more prostaglandin E2, IL-6, programmed death-ligand 1 and 2 in the in vitro inflammatory environment. Cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-10 were key factors in the immunomodulatory mechanisms of both MSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs inhibited more T helper 17 cells and induced more regulatory T cells than BM-MSCs. UC-MSCs and BM-MSCs exhibited similar effects on attenuating graft-versus-host disease.
CONCLUSION UC-MSCs and BM-MSCs exert similar immunosuppressive effects with different mechanisms involved. These findings suggest that UC-MSCs have distinct immunoregulatory functions and may substitute BM-MBSCs in the field of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunejin Song
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Taekyu Lim
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, South Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Jong Chul Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
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Nam YS, Im KI, Kim N, Song Y, Lee JS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Down-regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species attenuates P-glycoprotein-associated chemoresistance in Epstein-Barr virus-positive NK/T-cell lymphoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1359-1373. [PMID: 30972167 PMCID: PMC6456522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare and highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and strong resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to tumorigenesis and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is highly expressed in various cancers. However, the exact relationship between ROS and P-gp in EBV-positive lymphoma remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EBV latent infection induced intracellular ROS production and increased ROS levels triggered elevated P-gp expression, which resulted in strong resistance to existing anti-cancer drugs in EBV-positive lymphoma cell lines and in patients' tissue samples. We also verified that regulation of intracellular ROS reduced P-gp expression and function via inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation. These results indicate that treatment with a ROS scavenger is a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to anti-cancer drugs by downregulating the expression of P-gp in EBV-positive NK/T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Yunejin Song
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineKorea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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Jeon YW, Lim JY, Im KI, Kim N, Nam YS, Song YJ, Cho SG. Enhancement of Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control Efficacy by Adoptive Transfer of Type 1 Regulatory T Cells in Bone Marrow Transplant Model. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 28:129-140. [PMID: 30381994 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, which are Foxp3-memory T lymphocytes, play important roles in peripheral immune tolerance. We investigated whether Tr1 cells exert immunoregulatory effects in a mouse model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Mouse CD4+ T cells were induced to differentiate in vitro into Tr1 cells using vitamin D3 and dexamethasone, and these donor-derived Tr1 cells were infused on the day of bone marrow transplantation. The Tr1 cell-transferred group showed less weight-loss and a twofold higher survival rate than the GVHD group, together with markedly decreased histopathologic grades. It was associated with the expansion of CD4+IL-4+ type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, Tr1 cells decreased the numbers of CD4+interferon-γ+ Th1 and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells. Recipient mice harbored some Foxp3+ Tregs due to adoptive transfer of Tr1 cells, together with the upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS); however, the Treg cells did not show the plasticity. Therefore, adoptive Tr1 cell therapy may be effective against manifestations of GVHD, exert immunomodulatory effects in a manner dependent on CTLA-4 and ICOS, and induce differentiation of the transferred Tr1 cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Jeon
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,3 Lymphoma-Myeloma Center, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Song
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,3 Lymphoma-Myeloma Center, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Lim JY, Im KI, Song Y, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Third-party regulatory T cells prevent murine acute graft-versus-host disease. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:980-989. [PMID: 29050459 PMCID: PMC6129628 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adoptive therapy with regulatory T (Treg) cells to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) would benefit from a strategy to improve homing to the sites of inflammation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although donor-derived Treg cells have mainly been used in these models, third-party-derived Treg cells are a promising alternative for cell-based immunotherapy, as they can be screened for pathogens and cell activity, and banked for GVHD prevention. In this study, we explored major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disparities between Treg cells and conventional T cells in HSCT to evaluate the impact of these different cell populations on the prevention of acute GVHD, as well as survival after allogeneic transplantation. METHODS To induce acute GVHD, lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2d) mice were transplanted with 5 × 105 T cell-depleted bone marrow cells and 5 × 105 CD4+CD25- splenic T cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. Recipients were injected with 5 × 105 cultured donor-, host-, or third-party-derived CD4+CD25+CD62L+ Treg cells (bone marrow transplantation + day 1). RESULTS Systemic infusion of three groups of Treg cell improved clinicopathological manifestations and survival in an acute GVHD model. Although donor-derived Treg cells were immunologically the most effective, the third-party-derived Treg cell therapy group displayed equal regulation of expansion of CD4+CD25+- Foxp3+ Treg cells and suppressive CD4+IL-17+ T-helper (Th17) cells in ex vivo assays compared with the donor- and host-derived groups. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the use of third-party Treg cells is a viable alternative to donor-derived Treg cellular therapy in clinical settings, in which human leukocyte antigen-matched donors are not always readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunejin Song
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Seok-Goo Cho, M.D. Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-6052 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail:
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Abstract
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Despite the clinical and economic consequences of OM, there are no drugs available for its fundamental control. Here, we show that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a “danger signal” that acts as a potent innate immune mediator, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of OM. In addition, we investigated treatment of OM through HMGB1 blockade using NecroX-7 (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-[2-phenyl-5-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)methyl-1Hindole-7-yl]amine). NecroX-7 ameliorated basal-layer epithelial cell death and ulcer size in OM induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This protective effect of NecroX-7 was mediated by inhibition of HMGB1 release and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, NecroX-7 inhibited the HMGB1-induced release of TNF-α, IL-1β and MIP-1β, as well as the expression of p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and the excessive inflammatory microenvironment, including nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathways. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HMGB1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OM; therefore, blockade of HMGB1 by NecroX-7 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for OM.
Citation Format: Keon-Il Im, Young-Sun Nam, Nayoun Kim, YuneJin Song, Young-Woo Jeon, Jung-Yeon Lim, Seok-Goo Cho. Regulation of HMGB1 release protects chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Il Im
- 1The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- 1The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- 1The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YuneJin Song
- 1The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- 2Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- 1The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- 2Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim N, Sohn HJ, Im KI, Jeon YW, Nam YS, Song Y, Lee JS, Kim TG, Cho SG. Abstract CT049: Long term outcome of EBV-associated lymphoma patients treated with post-remission therapy using EBV LMP1 and LMP2a specific CTLs. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ct049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Conventional therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have been limited in successfully achieving durable response in Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies causing frequent relapse, low overall survival rate and poor prognosis. EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) have emerged as an alternative therapeutic approach to treat EBV associated lymphoma by enhancing EBV-specific immunity.
Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 and LMP-2a specific CTLs (LMP1/2a CTLs) stimulated with LMP1/2a RNA-transferred dendritic cells, we treated ten EBV+ ENKTCL patients and two EBV+ PTLD patients who showed complete response to induction therapy. Patients who completed and responded to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or high-dose therapy followed by stem cell transplantation were eligible to receive eight doses of 2 x107 LMP1/2a CTLs/m2.
Results: Following infusion, there were no immediate or delayed toxicities. The seven-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 100%, and 90% (95% CI: 71·4% to 100%) for ENKTCL patients respectively with a median follow-up of 94 months. Similarly, PTLD patients showed long-term remission with a follow-up of up to 70 months. Overall, circulating IFN-γ secreting LMP1 and LMP2a-specific T cells within the peripheral blood corresponded with decline in plasma EBV DNA levels in patients.
Conclusion: Adoptive transfer of LMP1/2a CTLs in patients is a safe and effective post-remission therapeutic approach. Further randomized studies will be needed to define the role of EBV-CTLs in preventing relapse of EBV-associated lymphoma.
Citation Format: Nayoun Kim, Hyun-Jung Sohn, Keon-Il Im, Young-Woo Jeon, Young-Sun Nam, Yunejin Song, Jun Seok Lee, Tai Gyu Kim, Seok-Goo Cho. Long term outcome of EBV-associated lymphoma patients treated with post-remission therapy using EBV LMP1 and LMP2a specific CTLs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT049.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunejin Song
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Gyu Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim N, Nam YS, Im KI, Lim JY, Jeon YW, Song Y, Lee JW, Cho SG. Robust Production of Cytomegalovirus pp65-Specific T Cells Using a Fully Automated IFN-γ Cytokine Capture System. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:13-22. [PMID: 29593456 PMCID: PMC5836230 DOI: 10.1159/000479238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus(CMV)-related diseases are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CMV-CTLs) have been reported as an alternative to antiviral drugs that provide long-term CMV-specific immunity without major side effects. However, their application has been limited by the prolonged manufacturing process required. METHODS In this study, we applied the IFN-γ cytokine capture system (CCS) using the fully automated CliniMACS Prodigy device for rapid production of CMV-CTLs, which may be applicable in clinically urgent CMV-related diseases. Five validation runs were performed using apheresis samples from randomly selected CMV-seropositive healthy blood donors. Successive processes, including antigen stimulation, anti-IFN-γ labeling, magnetic enrichment and elution, were then performed automatically using the CliniMACS Prodigy, which took approximately 13 h. RESULTS The original apheresis samples consisted mainly of CD45RA+ CD62L+ naïve T cells as well as 0.3% IFN-γ-secreting CD3+ T cells that showed a response to the CMV pp65 antigen (CD3+ IFN-γ+ cells). Following IFN-γ enrichment, the target fraction contained 51.3% CD3+ IFN-γ+ cells with a reduction in naïve T cells and selection of CD45RA- CD62L- and CD45RA+ CD62L- memory T cells. Furthermore, extended culture of these isolated cells revealed functional activity, including efficient proliferation, sustained antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion, and cytotoxicity against pp65-pulsed target cells. CONCLUSION The findings reported here suggest that the IFN-γ CCS by the CliniMACS Prodigy is a simple and robust approach to produce CMV-CTLs, which may be applicable for the treatment of clinically urgent CMV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Institute of Cell TherapySeoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunejin Song
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Institute of Cell TherapySeoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lim JY, Im KI, Lee ES, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Enhanced immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells by IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells in collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26851. [PMID: 27246365 PMCID: PMC4887998 DOI: 10.1038/srep26851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and have potential, however, there have been conflicting reports regarding their effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which causes inflammation and destruction of the joints. Through a comparative analysis of regulatory T (Treg) and IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, we hypothesized that Tr1 cells enhance the immunoregulatory functions of MSCs, and that a combinatorial approach to cell therapy may exert synergistic immunomodulatory effects in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A combination of MSCs and Tr1 cells prevented the development of destructive arthritis compared to single cell therapy. These therapeutic effects were associated with an increase in type II collagen (CII)-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and inhibition of CII-specific CD4+IL-17+ T cells. We observed that Tr1 cells produce high levels of IL-10-dependent interferon (IFN)-β, which induces toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 expression in MSCs. Moreover, induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by TLR3 involved an autocrine IFN-β that was dependent on STAT1 signaling. Furthermore, we observed that production of IFN-β and IL-10 in Tr1 cells synergistically induces IDO in MSCs through the STAT1 pathway. These findings suggest co-administration of MSCs and Tr1 cells to be a novel therapeutic modality for clinical autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim N, Jeon YW, Nam YS, Lim JY, Im KI, Lee ES, Cho SG. Therapeutic potential of low-dose IL-2 in a chronic GVHD patient by in vivo expansion of regulatory T cells. Cytokine 2016; 78:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim N, Nam YS, Im KI, Lim JY, Lee ES, Jeon YW, Cho SG. IL-21-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Lethal B-Cell Lymphoma Through Efficient Delivery of IL-21, Which Redirects the Immune System to Target the Tumor. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2808-21. [PMID: 26415081 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21, a proinflammatory cytokine, has been developed as an immunotherapeutic approach due to its effects on various lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells and T cells; however, the clinical success in cancer patients has been limited. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as vehicles for cancer gene therapy due to their inherent migratory abilities toward tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that MSCs, genetically modified to express high levels of IL-21 (IL-21/MSCs), can enhance antitumor responses through localized delivery of IL-21. For tumor induction, BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with syngeneic A20 B-cell lymphoma cells to develop a disseminated B-cell lymphoma model. Then, 6 days following tumor induction, the tumor-bearing mice were treated with IL-21/MSCs weekly, four times. Systemic infusion of A20 cells led to hind-leg paralysis as well as severe liver metastasis in the control group. The IL-21/MSC-treated group showed delayed tumor incidence as well as improved survival, whereas the MSC- and recombinant adenovirus-expressing IL-21 (rAD/IL-21)-treated groups did not show significant differences from the untreated mice. These therapeutic effects were associated with high levels of IL-21 delivered to the liver, which prevented the formation of tumor nodules. Furthermore, the infusion of IL-21/MSCs led to induction of effector T and NK cells, while potently inhibiting immune suppressor cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL-21-expressing MSCs have the therapeutic potential to induce potent antitumor effects against disseminated B-cell lymphoma through localized IL-21 delivery and induction of systemic antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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14
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Lee ES, Lim JY, Im KI, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Adoptive Transfer of Treg Cells Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Facilitates Repopulation of Endogenous Treg Cells in a Murine Acute GVHD Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138846. [PMID: 26393514 PMCID: PMC4578951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of combined cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have recently been studied in acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) models. However, the underlying, seemingly synergistic mechanism behind combined cell therapy has not been determined. We investigated the origin of Foxp3+ Treg cells and interleukin 17 (IL-17+) cells in recipients following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) to identify the immunological effects of combined cell therapy. Treg cells were generated from eGFP-expressing C57BL/6 mice (Tregegfp cells) to distinguish the transferred Treg cells; recipients were then examined at different time points after BMT. Systemic infusion of MSCs and Treg cells improved survival and GVHD scores, effectively downregulating pro-inflammatory Th×and Th17 cells. These therapeutic effects of combined cell therapy resulted in an increased Foxp3+ Treg cell population. Compared to single cell therapy, adoptively transferred Tregegfp cells only showed prolonged survival in the combined cell therapy group on day 21 after allogeneic BMT. In addition, Foxp3+ Treg cells, generated endogenously from recipients, significantly increased. Significantly higher levels of Tregegfp cells were also detected in aGVHD target organs in the combined cell therapy group compared to the Treg cells group. Thus, our data indicate that MSCs may induce the long-term survival of transferred Treg cells, particularly in aGVHD target organs, and may increase the repopulation of endogenous Treg cells in recipients after BMT. Together, these results support the potential of combined cell therapy using MSCs and Treg cells for preventing aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim N, Lee H, Shin J, Nam YS, Im KI, Lim JY, Lee ES, Kang YN, Park SH, Cho SG. Immune Reconstitution Kinetics following Intentionally Induced Mixed Chimerism by Nonmyeloablative Transplantation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126318. [PMID: 25961559 PMCID: PMC4427480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing mixed chimerism is a promising approach for inducing donor-specific transplant tolerance. The establishment and maintenance of mixed chimerism may enable long-term engraftment of organ transplants while minimizing the use of immunosuppressants. Several protocols for inducing mixed chimerism have been reported; however, the exact mechanism underlying the development of immune tolerance remains to be elucidated. Therefore, understanding the kinetics of engraftment during early post-transplant period may provide insight into establishing long-term mixed chimerism and permanent transplant tolerance. In this study, we intentionally induced allogeneic mixed chimerism using a nonmyeloablative regimen by host natural killer (NK) cell depletion and T cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) grafts in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched murine model and analyzed the kinetics of donor (C57BL/6) and recipient (BALB/c) engraftment in the weeks following transplantation. Donor BM cells were well engrafted and stabilized without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as early as one week post-bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor-derived thymic T cells were reconstituted four weeks after BMT; however, the emergence of newly developed T cells was more obvious at the periphery as early as two weeks after BMT. Also, the emergence and changes in ratio of recipient- and donor-derived NKT cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells were noted after BMT. Here, we report a longitudinal analysis of the development of donor- and recipient-originated hematopoietic cells in various lymphatic tissues of intentionally induced mixed chimerism mouse model during early post-transplant period. Through the understanding of immune reconstitution at early time points after nonmyeloablative BMT, we suggest guidelines on intentionally inducing durable mixed chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghoon Shin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Im KI, Kim N, Lim JY, Nam YS, Lee ES, Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Cho SG. The Free Radical Scavenger NecroX-7 Attenuates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease via Reciprocal Regulation of Th1/Regulatory T Cells and Inhibition of HMGB1 Release. J Immunol 2015; 194:5223-32. [PMID: 25911749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite the prominent role of the adaptive immune system, the importance of controlling the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of GVHD has recently been rediscovered. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a crucial damage-associated molecular pattern signal that functions as a potent innate immune mediator in GVHD. In the present study, we investigated treatment of experimental GVHD through HMGB1 blockade using the compound cyclopentylamino carboxymethylthiazolylindole (NecroX)-7. Treated animals significantly attenuated GVHD-related mortality and inhibited severe tissue damage. These protective effects correlated with the decrease in HMGB1 expression and lower levels of reactive oxidative stress. Additionally, NecroX-7 inhibited the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. We also observed increased regulatory T cell numbers, which may be associated with regulation of differentiation signals independent of HMGB1. Taken together, these data indicate that NecroX-7 protects mice against lethal GVHD by reciprocal regulation of regulatory T/Th1 cells, attenuating systemic HMGB1 accumulation and inhibiting HMGB1-mediated inflammatory response. Our results indicate the possibility of a new use for a clinical drug that is effective for the treatment of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kim
- Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Seoul 2305-738, Korea; and
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Seoul 2305-738, Korea; and
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 137-701, Korea; Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Nam YS, Kim N, Im KI, Lim JY, Lee ES, Cho SG. Negative impact of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2030-2039. [PMID: 25717235 PMCID: PMC4326137 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5% (g/L) dextran sulfate sodium. On day seven, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 1 × 106 MSCs. The survival rate, disease activity index values, and body weight, were monitored daily. On day ten, colon lengths and histopathologic changes were assessed. In addition, immunoregulatory changes following MSC administration were evaluated by determining the levels of effector T cell responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in homogenized colons.
RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of MSCs did not prevent development of colitis and did not reduce the clinicopathologic severity of IBD. No significant difference was evident in either survival rate or disease activity index score between the control and MSC-treated group. Day ten-sacrificed mice exhibited no significant difference in either colon length or histopathologic findings. Indeed, the MSC-treated group exhibited elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor-β, and a reduced level of IL-10, in spleens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and homogenized colons. The IL-17 level was lower in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the MSC-treated group (P = 0.0126). In homogenized colons, the IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.0092) expression levels were also lower in the treated group.
CONCLUSION: MSC infusion provided no significant histopathologic or clinical improvement, thus representing a limited therapeutic approach for IBD. Functional enhancement of MSCs is needed in further study.
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Lim JY, Park MJ, Im KI, Kim N, Park HS, Lee SH, Kim EK, Nam YS, Lee ES, Cho ML, Cho SG. Interleukin 21 blockade modulates activated T- and B-cell homeostasis via B-cell activating factor pathway-mediated inhibition in a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:23-31.e1-2. [PMID: 25246268 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 21 plays a key role in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Therapeutic manipulation of IL-21 activity may improve acute GVHD during the early-posttransplant period. We investigated the mechanisms regulating T- and B-cells during IL-21 blockade in acute GVHD. Interleukin 21 blockade enhanced regulatory T and T helper (Th) 2 cell differentiation and inhibited Th1- and Th17-derived transcription factors and cytokines as a modulator of activated T-cells. Interleukin 21(-/-) cell recipients showed increased mature B- and marginal-zone B-cells, but decreased memory B-cells, germinal center formation, and plasma cells that did not lead to immunoglobulin production. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are involved in the induction and maintenance of T- and B-cell responses. We observed decreased levels of only BAFF during acute GVHD and confirmed that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 was reduced by the BAFF/BAFF-receptor pathway. Therefore, this study suggests that IL-21 blockade modulates activated T- and B-cell homeostasis via BAFF-pathway-mediated inhibition in acute GVHD following murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Park
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kung Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Im KI, Park MJ, Kim N, Lim JY, Park HS, Lee SH, Nam YS, Lee ES, Lee JH, Cho ML, Cho SG. Induction of mixed chimerism using combinatory cell-based immune modulation with mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells for solid-organ transplant tolerance. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2364-76. [PMID: 24804993 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of mixed chimerism is an ideal approach to induce donor-specific tolerance while expanding its potential in various clinical settings. Despite the developments in partial conditioning regimens, improvements are still needed in reducing toxicity and bone marrow transplantation-related complications. Recently, cell-based therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been incorporated in establishing noncytoreductive mixed chimerism protocols; however, its efficacy is only partial and shows reversed immunosuppressive properties. This study demonstrates a novel approach to induce mixed chimerism and tolerance through combinatory cell-based immune modulation (CCIM) of MSCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs). We hypothesize that the interaction between these cells may lead to greater inhibition of host immune responses. Compared with single cell therapy, CCIM induced a higher engraftment rate and robust donor-specific tolerance to skin allografts across full major histocompatibility complex barriers. These regulatory effects were associated with inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, CD4(+)IL-17(+) cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, and immunoglobulin production levels along with increased frequencies of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells, IL-10-producing mature B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, CCIM was able to regulate mortality in a graft-versus-host disease model through reciprocal regulation of Treg/Th17. Taken together, we suggest CCIM as a clinically applicable strategy for facilitating the induction of mixed chimerism and permanent tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Il Im
- 1 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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20
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Lee JH, Jeon EJ, Kim N, Nam YS, Im KI, Lim JY, Kim EJ, Cho ML, Han KT, Cho SG. The synergistic immunoregulatory effects of culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells and CD4(+)25(+)Foxp3+ regulatory T cells on skin allograft rejection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70968. [PMID: 23940676 PMCID: PMC3733648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are seen as an ideal source of cells to induce graft acceptance; however, some reports have shown that MSCs can be immunogenic rather than immunosuppressive. We speculate that the immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can aid the maintenance of immunoregulatory functions of MSCs, and that a combinatorial approach to cell therapy can have synergistic immunomodulatory effects on allograft rejection. After preconditioning with Fludarabine, followed by total body irradiation and anti-asialo-GM-1(ASGM-1), tail skin grafts from C57BL/6 (H-2kb) mice were grafted onto the lateral thoracic wall of BALB/c (H-2kd) mice. Group A mice (control group, n = 9) did not receive any further treatment after preconditioning, whereas groups B and C (n = 9) received cell therapy with MSCs or Tregs, respectively, on days −1, +6 and +13 relative to the skin transplantation. Group D (n = 10) received cell therapy with MSCs and Tregs on days −1, +6 and +13. Cell suspensions were obtained from the spleens of five randomly chosen mice from each group on day +7, and the immunomodulatory effects of the cell therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Our results show that allograft survival was significantly longer in group D compared to the control group (group A). Flow cytometric analysis and real-time PCR for splenocytes revealed that the Th2 subpopulation in group D increased significantly compared to the group B. Also, the expression of Foxp3 and STAT 5 increased significantly in group D compared to the conventional cell therapy groups (B and C). Taken together, these data suggest that a combined cell therapy approach with MSCs and Tregs has a synergistic effect on immunoregulatory function in vivo, and might provide a novel strategy for improving survival in allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Jeon
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taik Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kim N, Im KI, Lim JY, Jeon EJ, Nam YS, Kim EJ, Cho SG. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease: experiments and practice. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1295-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lim JY, Park MJ, Im KI, Kim N, Jeon EJ, Kim EJ, Cho ML, Cho SG. Combination cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T-cells provides a synergistic immunomodulatory effect associated with reciprocal regulation of TH1/TH2 and th17/treg cells in a murine acute graft-versus-host disease model. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:703-14. [PMID: 23452894 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x664577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be an ideal cellular source for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) treatment due to their unique properties, including tissue repair and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unmatched immunosuppression. However, preclinical and clinical data have suggested that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is not as effective as previously expected. This study was performed to investigate whether the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs could be enhanced by combination infusion of regulatory T (Treg) cells to prevent acute GVHD (aGVHD) following MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). For GVHD induction, lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells (BMCs) and spleen cells of C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice. Recipients were injected with cultured recipient-derived MSCs, Treg cells, or MSCs plus Treg cells (BMT + day 0, 4). Systemic infusion of MSCs plus Treg cells improved clinicopathological manifestations and survival in the aGVHD model. Culture of MSCs plus Treg cells increased the population of Foxp3(+) Treg cells and suppressed alloreactive T-cell proliferation in vitro. These therapeutic effects were associated with more rapid expansion of donor-type CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD4(+)IL-4(+) type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells in the early posttransplant period. Furthermore, MSCs plus Treg cells regulated CD4(+)IL-17(+) Th17 cells, as well as CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) Th1 cells. These data suggest that the combination therapy with MSCs plus Treg cells may have cooperative effects in enhancing the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs and Treg cells in aGVHD. This may lead to development of new therapeutic approaches to clinical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park GM, Lee KJ, Im KI, Park H, Yong TS. Occurrence of a diploid type and a new first intermediate host of a human lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, in Korea. Exp Parasitol 2001; 99:206-12. [PMID: 11888247 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2001.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biology, chromosome number, and karyotype of a lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) collected in Haenam, Haenam-gun Chollanam-do, Korea were analyzed. We compared the size of metacercariae from Haenam with those taken from a crayfish collected at Youngam, Youngam-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea. The mean length of P. westermani metacercariae from Haenam was 300.3 microm and that from Youngam was 362.0 microm. Adult worms were recovered from the lungs of experimentally infected dogs. The mean egg sizes obtained from adult flukes were 72.1 x 46.8 microm from Haenam and 93.5 x 54.2 microm from Youngam. Semisulcospira tegulata collected in the Youngam area were found to be infected with cercariae of P. westermani, one of the snail-borne human lung fluke trematodes in Korea. Of 4218 snails studied, 5 (0.12%) harbored P. westrermani larvae. This is the first report of S. tegulata serving as the initial intermediate host of P. westermani. The chromosome numbers of P. westermani from Haenam and Youngam were 2n = 22 and 3n = 33. The diploid type of P. westermani has not been previously reported in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Park
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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Shin HJ, Cho MS, Jung SU, Kim HI, Park S, Kim HJ, Im KI. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene encoding a 13.1 kDa antigenic protein of Naegleria fowleri. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001; 48:713-7. [PMID: 11831780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An antigen-related gene was cloned from a cDNA expression library of Naegleria fowleri by immunoscreening with sera obtained from mice that were either immunized with an amoebic lysate or infected with trophozoites. The coding nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene consisted of 357 bases that were translated into 119 amino acids. This gene was designated as nfa1. The predicted amino acid sequence of Nfa1 protein has two potential glycosylation and three potential phosphorylation sites, and its predicted secondary structure consists of four helices and three corners. The deduced amino acid sequence of Nfa1 protein shares 43% identity with the myohemerythrin (myoHr) protein from a marine annelid, Nereis diversicolor, including 100% identity in conserved regions and iron-binding residues. A phylogenetic tree constructed from amino acid sequences placed the N. fowleri Nfa1 protein outside of a cluster of myoHr proteins from eight invertebrates. A purified recombinant protein that migrated as a 13.1 kDa species in SDS-PAGE was produced. This recombinant protein exhibited a strong immunoreactivity with infected, immune, and anti-Nfal sera. In addition, an anti-Nfa1 serum reacted with an amoeba lysate in immunoblotting analysis. The present nfal gene encoding the myoHr-like protein is the first myoHr gene cloned from protozoa, and the Nfal antigen may be useful in diagnostic studies
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Shin HJ, Cho MS, Jung SY, Kim HI, Park S, Seo JH, Yoo JC, Im KI. Cytopathic changes in rat microglial cells induced by pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni: morphology and cytokine release. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:837-40. [PMID: 11427438 PMCID: PMC96154 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.4.837-840.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni trophozoites and lysate can induce cytopathic changes in primary-culture microglial cells, morphological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the secretion of two kinds of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), from microglial cells was observed. Trophozoites of pathogenic A. culbertsoni made contact with microglial cells and produced digipodia. TEM revealed that microglial cells cocultured with amoebic trophozoites underwent a necrotic process, accompanied by lysis of the cell membrane. TEM of microglial cells cocultured with amoebic lysate showed that the membranes of the small cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as the cell membrane were lysed. The amounts of TNF-alpha secreted from microglial cells cocultured with A. culbertsoni trophozoites or lysate increased at 6 h of incubation. The amounts of IL-1beta secreted from microglial cells cocultured with A. culbertsoni trophozoites at 6 h of incubation was similar to those secreted from the control group, but the amounts decreased during cultivation with A. culbertsoni lysate. These results suggest that pathogenic A. culbertsoni induces the cytopathic effects in primary-culture rat microglial cells, with the effects characterized by necrosis of microglial cells and changes in levels of secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta from microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-749, Korea.
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26
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Yang HJ, Park SJ, Im KI, Yong TS. Identification of a Clonorchis sinensis gene encoding a vitellaria antigenic protein containing repetitive sequences. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 111:213-6. [PMID: 11087931 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Yang
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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Shin HJ, Cho MS, Jung SY, Kim HI, Im KI. In vitro cytotoxicity of Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from contact lens containers in Korea by crystal violet staining and LDH release assay. Korean J Parasitol 2000; 38:99-102. [PMID: 10905072 PMCID: PMC2721120 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/1999] [Accepted: 02/15/2000] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to observe the cytotoxicity of Acanthamoeba spp., which were isolated from contact lens containers as ethiological agents for the probable amoebic keratitis in Korea, the crystal violet staining method and LDH release assay were carried out. In the crystal violet staining method, among eight contact lens container isolates, isolate 3 (Acanthamoeba KA/LS5) showed 83.6% and 81.8% of cytotoxicity, and isolate 7 (Acanthamoeba KA/LS37) showed 28.2% and 25.1% of cytotoxicity, in 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml lysate treatments, respectively. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and A. healyi showed 84.0% and 82.8% of cytotoxicity. Similar results were observed in A. castellanii and A. hatchetti which showed 83.6% and 75.5% of cytotoxicity. Acanthamoeba royreba and A. polyphaga showed 9.0% and 1.7% of cytotoxicity. In the LDH release assay, isolate 3 (20.4%) showed higher cytotoxicity than other isolates in 1 mg/ml lysate treatment. The results provide that at least isolate 3 has the cytotoxic effect against CHO cells and seems to be the pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Shin HJ, Cho MS, Kim HI, Lee M, Park S, Sohn S, Im KI. Apoptosis of primary-culture rat microglial cells induced by pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000; 7:510-4. [PMID: 10799471 PMCID: PMC95904 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.3.510-514.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1999] [Accepted: 01/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether trophozoites and lysates of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. induce apoptosis in primary-culture microglial cells, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations, assessment of DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay were performed. When a trophozoite of pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni came in contact with a microglial cell, the digipodium was observed by TEM. Nuclear chromatin condensation was observed in 10% of microglial cells, while it was not revealed when they were cocultured with weakly pathogenic Acanthamoeba royreba trophozoites. DNA fragmentation in microglial cells cocultured with the A. culbertsoni lysate was detected by electrophoresis, showing DNA ladder formation, whereas it was hardly observed in microglial cells cocultured with A. royreba. DNA fragmentation of microglial cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. The fluorescence of TdT-stained apoptotic bodies became intensely visible with microglial cells cocultured with the A. culbertsoni lysate. In contrast, with microglial cells cocultured with the A. royreba lysate, only a background level of fluorescence of TdT-stained apoptotic bodies was detected. These results suggest that some rat microglial cells cocultured with pathogenic A. culbertsoni undergo cytopathic changes which show the characteristics of the apoptotic process, such as nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Seoul 121-752, Korea.
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29
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Shin HJ, Cho MS, Kim HJ, Im KI. Isoenzyme patterns and phylogenetic relationships in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from contact lens containers in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1999; 37:229-36. [PMID: 10634038 PMCID: PMC2733199 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/1999] [Accepted: 11/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to refer to the basic information regarding the identification of isolates obtained from a contact lens container in Korea, the isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis was employed to compare the isoenzyme band patterns among Acanthamoeba spp. including eight isolates and the simple pairwise dissimilarity analysis was carried out. For an alkaline phosphate development, isolate 7 and Acanthamoeba polyphaga showed homologous band patterns, and isolates 1, 2, and 3 showed the same patterns. For lactate dehydrogenase, similar patterns were observed in isolates 2 and 3. Isolates 3 and 5 showed homologous band patterns for malate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase. For hexokinase, isolates 4, 7, and A, hatchetti showed the same band patterns. In others, a considerable number of interstrain polymorphisms was observed in nine isoenzyme band patterns. In Acanthamoeba group II, genetic distances among isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ranged from 0.104 to 0.200. In comparison to A. castellanii, A. hatchetti, and A. polyphaga, genetic distances of isolates 7 and 8 were 0.254 and 0.219, respectively. In Acanthamoeba group III, including A. culbertsoni, A. healyi, and A. royreba, isolate 6 had genetic distances which ranged from 0.314 to 0.336. Finally, when comparing to the six reference Acanthamoeba, it was possible to classify isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, as genetically close-related species and as independent species group. Furthermore, isolates 6, 7 and 8 were identified as independent species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Im KI, Park KM, Yong TS, Hong YP, Kim TE. Upregulated expression of the cDNA fragment possibly related to the virulence of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Korean J Parasitol 1999; 37:257-63. [PMID: 10634042 PMCID: PMC2733203 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the genes responsible for the recovery of virulence in brain-passaged Acanthamoeba culbertsoni was attempted via mRNA differential display-polymerase chain reaction (mRNA DD-PCR) analysis. In order to identify the regulatory changes in transcription of the virulence related genes by the brain passages, mRNA DD-PCR was performed which enabled the display of differentially transcribed mRNAs after the brain passages. Through mRNA DD-PCR analysis. 96 brain-passaged amoeba specific amplicons were observed and were screened to identify the amplicons that failed to amplify in the non-brain-passaged amoeba mRNAs. Out of the 96 brain-passaged amoeba specific amplicons, 12 turned out to be amplified only from the brain-passaged amoeba mRNAs by DNA slot blot hybridization. The clone, A289C, amplified with an arbitrary primer of UBC #289 and the oligo dT11-C primer, revealed the highest homology (49.8%) to the amino acid sequences of UPD-galactose lipid transferase of Erwinia amylovora, which is known to act as an important virulence factor. The deduced amino acid sequences of an insert DNA in clone A289C were also revealed to be similar to cpsD, which is the essential gene for the expression of type III capsule in group B streptococcus. Upregulated expression of clone A289C was verified by RNA slot blot hybridization. Similar hydrophobicity values were also observed between A289C (at residues 47-66) and the AmsG gene of E. amylovora (at residues 286-305: transmembrane domains). This result suggested that the insert of clone A289C might play the same function as galactosyl transferase controlled by the AmsG gene in E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Im
- Department of Parasitology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Im KI, Shin HJ, Seo DW, Jeon SH, Kim TE. Pathogenicity of Korean isolates of Acanthamoeba by observing the experimental infection and zymodemes of five isoenzymes. Korean J Parasitol 1999; 37:85-92. [PMID: 10388266 PMCID: PMC2733061 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine the pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba spp. isolated in Korea and to develop a isoenzymatic maker, the mortality rate of infected mice, in vitro cytotoxicity against target cells and isoenzyme band patterns were observed. Five isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. (YM-2, YM-3, YM-4, YM-5, and YM-7) were used in this study as well as three reference Acanthamoeba spp. (A. culbertsoni, A. hatchetti, and A. royreba). According to the mortality rate of infected mice, Korean isolates could be categorized into three groups high virulent (YM-4), low virulent (YM-2, YM-5, YM-7) and the nonpathogenic group (YM-3). In addition, the virulence of Acanthamoeba spp. was enhanced by brain passage in mice. In the cytotoxicity assay against chinese hamster ovary cells, especially, the cytotoxicity of brain-passaged amoebae was relatively higher than the long-term cultivated ones. The zymodeme patterns of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), hexokinase (HK), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and malic enzyme (ME) of Acanthamoeba spp. were different among each isolate, and also between long-term cultured amoebae and brain passaged ones. In spite of the polymorphic zymodemes, a slow band of G6PD and HK, and an intermediate band of MDH were only observed in pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp., which should be used as isoenzymatic makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Im
- Department of Parasitology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JM, Jung HC, Im KI, Song IS, Kim CY. Synergy between Entamoeba histolytica and Escherichia coli in the induction of cytokine gene expression in human colon epithelial cells. Parasitol Res 1998; 84:509-12. [PMID: 9660143 DOI: 10.1007/bf03356595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica induces the expression and secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by cultured colon epithelial cells. We assessed the array of cytokine genes expressed by human colon epithelial cells in response to co-culture with E. histolytica trophozoites and tested the hypothesis that enteric bacteria may alter the E. histolytica-induced expression of such genes. HT-29 colon epithelial cells were co-cultured with E. histolytica trophozoites in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli. Cytokine gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-8 mRNA in colon epithelial cells was up-regulated following exposure to E. histolytica and this was paralleled by increased IL-8 secretion. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-1alpha/beta mRNAs were also up-regulated in these cells. When HT-29 cells were co-cultured with E. coli DH5alpha and E. histolytica there was a synergistic increase in the expression of IL-8, IL-1alpha, and GM-CSF. These results suggest that enteric bacteria may significantly affect early proinflammatory signals produced in host tissues in response to E. histolytica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The prevalence of Loa loa infections in non-endemic areas such as Korea is very low, even though it is quite common in the endemic regions of West and Central Africa. We describe a patient who presented with temporary localized edema (classical Calabar swellings) after travelling to Cameroon and in whom the diagnosis of loiasis was made by ELISA. This is the second reported case of loiasis in Korea. As international travel is becoming more frequent, Loa loa infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with eosinophilia and Calabar swellings in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chun
- Department of Dermatology, Pochon CHA Medical College, Pundang CHA Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Im KI, Choi JT, Hong YP, Kim TE, La MS. [cDNAs encoding the antigenic proteins in pathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica]. Korean J Parasitol 1997; 35:203-10. [PMID: 9335186 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1997.35.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) analysis was performed to identify the pathogenic strain specific amplicons. mRNAs were purified from the trophozoites of the pathogenic strain YS-27 and the non-pathogenic strain S 16, respectively. Three kinds of first stranded cDNAs were reverse transcribed from the mRNAs by one base anchored oligo-dT11M (M: A, C, or G) primers. Each cDNA template was used for DDRT-PCR analysis. A total of 144 pathogenic strain specific amplicons was observed in DDRT-PCR analysis using primer combinations of the 11 arbitrary primers and the 3 one base anchored oligo-dT11M primers. Of these, 31 amplicons were verified as the amplicons amplified only from the mRNAs of the pathogenic strain by DNA slot blot hybridization. Further characterization of the 31 pathogenic strain specific amplicons by DNA slot blot hybridization analysis using biotin labeled probes of the PCR amplified DNA of cysteine proteinase genes revealed that 21 of them were amplified from the mRNAs of the cysteine proteinase genes. Four randomly selected amplicons out of the rest 10 amplicons were used for screening of cDNA library followed by immunoscreening and all of them were turned out to be amplified from the mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Im
- Department of Parasitology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JM, Jung HC, Jin DZ, Im KI, Song IS, Kim CY. Cytokine genes are down-regulated when attachment of Entamoeba histolytica to HT-29 colon epithelial cells is prevented. Scand J Immunol 1997; 45:613-7. [PMID: 9201300 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica can cause invasive disease by disruption of the intestinal barriers and subsequent lysis of the intestinal cells. Adherence to and contact dependent killing of host cells requires the galactose inhibitable lectin. To elucidate the mechanism whereby E. histolytica influences host defence, the authors assessed the change of proinflammatory cytokine genes expressed by colon epithelial cells in response to co-culture with E. histolytica trophozoites and carbohydrates, including galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine or N-acetyl-lactosamine, which prevented E. histolytica from attaching to epithelial cells. After HT-29 human colon epithelial cells were co-cultured with E. histolytica trophozoites in the presence or absence of carbohydrates (0.1-100 mM), RNA was extracted from the epithelial cells by an acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method. Cytokine gene expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR using a synthetic internal standard, and proteins were determined by ELISA. IL-8 mRNA expressed by HT-29 cells in response to E. histolytica trophozoites was downregulated in the presence of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetyl-lactosamine (0.1-100 mM), and this was paralleled by decreased IL-8 protein secretion. GM-CSF and IL-1 alpha/beta mRNAs were also downregulated in those cells in the presence of these agents. These results suggest that the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes could be inhibited by preventing E. histolytica from attaching to the host's colon epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kim
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
To clarify the correlation of the proteinase activity with pathogenicity of Clonorchis sinensis, the proteinase activity either in excretory-secretory products (ESP) or in crude extracts of adult C. sinensis was examined. Substrate gel electrophoresis of the ESP and crude extracts revealed four distinct enzyme bands, which were differently inhibited by the specific proteinase inhibitors. The proteinase of the ESP with molecular mass of 24 kDa, was purified 23-fold with 14.5% yield by spectra gel ACA 44 gel filtration. It exhibited optimal pH at 7.5 in sodium phosphate (0.1 M). Its activity was inhibited specifically by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and antipain whereas potentiated 1.9 folds in the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Cytotoxicity of the proteinase increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 120 micrograms/ml while reduced by NEM and antipain, indicating that cysteine proteinase was responsible for the cytotoxicity. This result shows that the 24 kDa cysteine proteinase is deeply correlated with the pathogenicity of C. sinensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Park
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul
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Abstract
Human anisakiasis may occur after ingestion of raw marine fish infected with nematode larvae of Anisakidae. Anisakiasis caused by the migration of the larva into the wall of stomach, small intestine and other portion has been reported in Korea. This prospective study was made of all cases referred to parasitological laboratory in Cheju-do between June 1989 and June 1992. Gastric anisakiasis was confirmed if larvae invading the gastric wall were observed by gastrofiberscopy. One hundred and seven cases were diagnosed, most of which were in 30-49 years old. Most of the patients complained acute epigastric pain with history of eating raw marine fish. This symptom usually occurred about 12 hours to 1 day after ingestion of infected marine fish. Edema, erosion or ulcer of the mucosa and hemorrhage from the gastric wall were observed in the involved areas. Ninety larvae removed from the stomach were identified; the larva of Anisakis simplex was the most prevalent species, and the larva of Pseudoterranova decipiens was also detected. The important species of marine fish from which the patients became infected was demonstrated as yellow corvina, sea eel, ling, cuttle fish, yellowtail and others. Five species of marine fish as a possible source of infection were examined, and Anisakis simplex larvae and Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae were collected from the mackerel and rock cod. This study demonstrates that anisakiasis is recognized as a public health problem in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Im
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Specific serum IgE levels of Clonorchis sinensis in infected humans were measured by avidin-biotin ELISA, and allergens from C. sinensis were identified by immunoblot and autoradiography. Then, allergens fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration were analyzed, and cross-reactive allergenic components of C. sinensis reacted with paragonimiasis sera were revealed. Fourteen out of 15 C. sinensis egg-positives were found to be serum IgE positive (absorbance > 0.27). Of 14 IgE-reacting allergen bands visualized, major allergens of 66, 61.5, 45, 37, 28.5, 23.5 and 15.5 KD were recognized by more than 50% of the sera of infected humans. The considerable individual variations of IgE immune responses to C. sinensis allergenic components were also noticed. C. sinensis extract was separated into 5 fractions by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Seventy-four KD allergen was recognized in the first fraction, 50, 45, 37, 29.5 and 28.5 KD in the third, and 15.5 KD in the fourth. Cross-reactive allergens with sera of paragonimiasis cases were identified as 66, 45, 28.5, 13 and 7.5 KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yong
- Department of Parasitology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim YK, Park KH, Chung PR, Im KI. [Proteinase activity in the isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis according to their pathogenicity]. Korean J Parasitol 1993; 31:117-27. [PMID: 8343453 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1993.31.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ten axenic isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were subcutaneously injected to the BALB/c mice in order to assess their pathogenicity by means of so-called "mouse assay" method. All the isolates revealed neutral and acid proteinase activities both in their lysates and in culture media, but the specific activities of both proteinases in the severely pathogenic group were significantly higher than the mildly pathogenic group (p < 0.05). In the SDS-PAGE system in which the electrophoretic gels contained 0.4% gelatin as the substrate, five different banding patterns of trichomonal proteinases were detected, and the patterns were closely related with the pathogenicity of the isolates of T. vaginalis. All five bands might be regarded as cysteine proteinases group in the inhibitor assays. The cytotoxicity of the lysates of T. vaginalis to the target Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell line was also significantly different according to the pathogenicity of the isolates, and generally lower in the lysates treated with cysteine proteinase inhibitors than in the control lysates. In summarizing the results, it might be considered that the proteinases of T. vaginalis showing five electrophoretic banding patterns are closely related with the pathogenicity and cytotoxicity of the isolates of T. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Shim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kong HH, Seo SA, Shin CO, Im KI. [The effect of active immunization with Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in mice born to immune mother]. Korean J Parasitol 1993; 31:157-63. [PMID: 8343458 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1993.31.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni is a pathogenic free-living amoeba causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) in human and mouse. Several reports on the immune responses in mice with this amoebic infection have been published, but the effects of transferred passive immunity on the active immunization in offspring mice have not been demonstrated. This experiment was done to observe the effect of active immunization with Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in mice born to immune mothers. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni was cultured in the CGV medium axenically. Female BALB/c mice weighing about 20g were immunized through the intraperitoneal injection of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni trophozoites 1 x 10(6) each three times at the interval of one week. Offspring mice were immunized two times. The mice were inoculated intranasally with 1 x 10(4) trophozoites under secobarbital anesthesia. There was a statistical difference in mortality between the transferred immunity group and the active immunization group. Statistical differences were not demonstrated in antibody titer between both groups. But L3T4+ T cell/Ly2+ T cell ratio was increased in the transferred immunity group more than active immunization group of the offspring mice at the age of 5 weeks. There was no differences statistically in mortality between both groups. It was recognized that active immunization in offspring mice born to immune mother could modulate the immune status according to the time of immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Ree HI, Yong TS, Shin HJ, Shin CO, Lee IY, Seo SA, Seo JH, Chang JK, Lee DH, Im KI. Mass treatment of head louse infestation with Sumithrin powder in primary schools in Korea. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1992; 30:349-54. [PMID: 1297425 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1992.30.4.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A mass treatment of head louse infestation with Sumithrin powder (0.4% phenothrin) in primary school children was implemented during the period of September 1991-May 1992. The infestation rate of total 2,515 children was 38.6% in average (21.2% in boys and 57.2% in girls). The reduction rate of head louse infestation was 93.4% with a single treatment and 94.8% with double consecutive treatments with about 10 days interval, which indicated that a single treatment would be recommended for the mass treatment in the community. Long term follow-up after Sumithrin powder application for head louse control in a primary school showed that the infestation rate dropped from 33.1% before treatment to 5.4% by seven months after treatment, giving a 83.4% reduction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Ree
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp., free-living amoebae inhabited in moist soil, pond, freshwater, sewage, atmosphere and swimming pool, may be causative protozoa of the fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in experimental animals and humans. In this study, Acanthamoeba spp., including Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 (isolated strain from Korea) had been compared by the two-dimensional electrophoresis and hybridoma technique as well as the difference of morphological characteristics. Trophozoite of Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 is usually uninucleate and show the hyaline filamentous projections (acanthopoda). No flagellate stage observed. Cysts have two walls, the outer wall is nearly circular, but inner wall is oval or some irregular. As results of SDS-PAGE for lysate of Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4, 16 major protein fractions are similar to those of A. culbertsoni, but different to A. royreba and A. polyphaga. Findings of two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 are almost same to those of A. culbertsoni, The isotype of monoclonal antibodies produced from McAY 6, McAY 7, McAY 8, McAY 13 and McAY 16 clones were IgG1, and McAY 10 and McAY 11 clones were IgM. As results of the cross-reactivity among various amoebae using ELISA with monoclonal antibodies, McAY 7 monoclonal antibody (molecular weight 43 kDa by EITB) was only reacted with Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4, but McAY 6 and McAY 10 monoclonal antibodies were reacted to A. culbertsoni as well as Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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Abstract
An imported case of rectal hookworm infection was diagnosed by stool examination and recovery of adult worms from the rectal mucosa by sigmoidoscopy. The chief complaints of a patient were diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss for about 1 month after returning from his travel abroad to the Southeast Asia. Leukocytosis(16,750/microliters) and peripheral eosinophilia(33.7%) were noticed without anemia. Typical hookworm eggs were detected by stool examination, and 3 worms were collected by sigmoidoscopy from rectal mucosa of this patient. Those worms were confirmed as adult worms of Ancylostoma duodenale(male:1, female:2) based on their morphological characteristics. The symptoms were relieved after treatment with anthelmintics. This case was considered as one of the imported parasitic infections in Korea, and a rare case of hookworm infection on human rectal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in moist soil and fresh water, enters the body via the nasal mucosa and migrates along the olfactory nerve to the brain, where it causes acute amoebic meningoencephalitis. In the present study 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against N. fowleri were produced and the effector function of them was investigated. Their isotypes were IgG1 (Nf 1, Nf 154), IgG3 (Nf 137) and IgA (Nf 1, Nf 2, Nf 256, Nf 279). Five McAbs (McAb Nf 2, Nf 279, Nf 27, Nf 154, Nf 137) were specific for N. fowleri by ELISA and recognized the antigenic determinants located on the trophozoite surface by IFAT and immunoperoxidase stain. These five McAbs had capacity to agglutinate N. fowleri trophozoites and inhibited the growth of the amoeba in culture medium. McAb Nf 2 inhibited proliferation of trophozoites in vitro significantly. Also the cytotoxicity of N. fowleri against CHO cell was reduced in the presence of McAb Nf 2 and McAb Nf 154. From these results McAb Nf 2 was confirmed to weaken the virulence of the amoeba among 7 screened McAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ryu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Yong TS, Im KI, Chung PR. Diagnosis of clonorchiasis by ELISA-inhibition test using a Clonorchis sinensis specific monoclonal antibody. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991; 22 Suppl:186-8. [PMID: 1726612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ELISA-inhibition test using Clonorchis sinensis specific monoclonal antibody (CsHyb 0605-23) for diagnosis of clonorchiasis was carried out. It demonstrated sensitivity and high specificity in comparison with the conventional ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Kim CT, Chung PR, Im KI. [Effect of in vivo administration of Tetrahymena pyriformis on the in vitro toxoplasmacidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1991; 29:129-37. [PMID: 1954196 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1991.29.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis is a free-living ciliate protozoan in the freshwater system. Experiments were carried out to determine whether intraperitoneal administration of T. pyriformis (GL strain) to mice activates macrophages to be able to kill Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro. Mice were also injected intraperitoneally with several synthetic activators; dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), dextran sulfate, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as well as Toxoplasma and Tetrahymena lysates in order to activate mouse peritoneal macrophages. One week after the administration of activators, peritoneal cells were harvested and the adherent macrophages were challenged with Toxoplasma tachyzoites. Macrophage monolayers were then fixed with absolute methanol after washing, and stained with Giemsa solution. The percentage of the adherent cells infected and total number of organisms per 100 macrophages were calculated to make toxoplasmacidal activity of macrophages according to the cultivation time. Peritoneal macrophages from mice administered with Tetrahymena exhibited significant protection against target parasites as compared with those treated with synthetic activators. Among non-biological synthetic activators, DDA was evaluated as an excellent activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Abstract
Studies on pathogenic free-living amoebae performed in Korea were briefly reviewed. One strain of Naegleria fowleri was isolated from the sewage, and 3 strains of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni from a reservoir and the gill of fish. They were identified by morphological characteristics. Three strains among the 4 were experimentally proved pathogenic to cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in mice. The virulence of N. fowleri depended upon various factors such as strain, weight and sex of mice, and number of the inoculated amoebae. A. culbertsoni was found to retain cytolytic activities which were related to the pathogenicity. Also these amoebae were demonstrated to harbour the activities of acid phosphatase, peroxidase and ATPase. There is one case record of systemic Acanthamoeba infection in Korea, proved at autopsy. Cellular or humoral responses to these amoebae have been studied in vitro or in vivo. Immunization could reduce the mortality of experimentally infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Im
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Abstract
Observations were made on the differences of cell-mediated responses in mice of three infection groups differently scheduled in their severity with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Infections were done by dropping 5 microliters saline suspension containing 3 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), or 1 x 10(5) trophozoites, respectively. Amoebae were cultured axenically in CGV medium and inoculated into the right nasal cavity of C3H/HeJ mice aging around 6-8 weeks, under the anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of secobarbital. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in footpad and blastogenic responses of mouse spleen cells using (3H)-thymidine and the serum antibody titer were measured up to day 14 after infection, and natural killer cell activities were measured up to day 5 after infection. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mice infected with 3 x 10(3) trophozoites showed mortality rate of 17%, and 34% in the mice infected with 1 x 10(4) trophozoites and 65% with 1 x 10(5) trophozoites. 2. In regard to DTH responses in all experimental groups, the level increased on day 7 and declined on day 14 after infection, but their differences could not be noted between infected and control groups. 3. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with amoeba lysates and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) showed no difference from the control group. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with concanavalin A were declined significantly in the experimental group as compared with the control group, but the blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with polyinosinic acid were not different from the control group. There was also no difference among three infected groups. 4. The cytotoxic activity of the natural killer cells was activated on day 1 after infection and declined to the level of control group on day 2 in all experimental groups. On day 5 after infection, the natural killer cell cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed as compared with the control groups. 5. The serum antibody titers of the infected mice increased after day 7, but there was no statistical difference between the three infected groups. In summary of the results, there was no difference in cell-mediated immune responses of three experimental groups scheduled with different infection intensities. But there was a significant difference in cell-mediated immune responses between infected and control mice. It is considered that cell-mediated immune responses should be involved in murine model infected with A. culbertsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Abstract
Observations were made on the differences in cell-mediated immune responses in the mice infected with strongly pathogenic Naegleria fowleri ITMAP 359, weakly pathogenic Naegleria jadini 0400, or non-pathogenic Naegleria gruberi EGB, respectively. Variations in cell-mediated responses and changes in antibody titers according to the duration after infection were noted. Infections were done by dropping 5 microliters saline suspension containing 10 x 10(4) trophozoites cultured axenically in the CGVS medium into the right nasal cavity of ICR mice aging about 6-7 weeks, under the anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of secobarbital. Following infection, delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) responses in the footpad and blastogenic responses of the mouse spleen cells using [3H]-thymidine were observed on the day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after infection. For the preparation of amoeba lysates, each of cultured trophozoites were homogenized with an ultrasonicator, and centrifugated at 20,000 g. The supernatants of amoeba lysates were used as the mitogen and antigen for ELISA. Concanavalin A(Con. A) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were also used as mitogens in the blastogenic response. 1. The mice infected with N. fowleri showed the mortality rate of 75.7%. The rate was 6.2% for the N. jadini infected group, while no dead mouse was observed for N. gruberi infections. 2. In regard to DTH responses in the N. fowleri infected mice, the level increased in comparison to the control group but declined after 7 days. An increase was also noted for the N. jadini group after 1 day, but gradual decreases were observed through the infection period. In addition, no difference was noted between the N. gruberi infected and control groups. 3. Concerning the blastogenic response of the splenocytes, it increased after 10 days in the experimental group of N. fowleri infection, but the differences were not statistically significant compared with control group. It was evident that N. jadini group was not different from control group either, while there was a tendency of decrease in N. gruberi infected group. In regard to the blastogenic response of the splenocytes by LPS, it was found that the N. fowleri, N. jadini and N. gruberi infected groups had no differences from the control group. 4. The serum antibody titer of N. fowleri and N. jadini infected mice increased from the day 7 and 14 after infection respectively, while the N. gruberi infected mice showed no increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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50
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Abstract
Cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions in mice infected with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni were observed according to the period of time after amoebic infection by intranasal inoculation. The degrees of blastogenesis of spleen cells induced by mitogens, which were measured using radioactive [3H]-thymidine, were compared between infected and non-infected control groups. The mitogens used in this blastogenesis experiment were concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). On the other hand, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed for the detection of humoral antibodies against A. culbertsoni. The levels of blastogenesis of splenocytes and serum titres in the experimental group showed increasing tendency a week after inoculation of A. culbertsoni, although there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in other periods of the experimental time.
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