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Simmonds WM, Awuku Y, Barrett C, Brand M, Davidson K, Epstein D, Fredericks E, Gabriel S, Grobler S, Gounden C, Katsidzira L, Louw VJ, Naidoo V, Noel C, Ogutu E, Ramonate N, Seabi N, Setshedi M, Van Zyl J, Watermeyer G, Kassianides C. Guidance for the gastrointestinal evaluation and management of iron deficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa. S Afr Med J 2024; 114:e711. [PMID: 38525666 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2024.v114i1b.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 30% of the world's population is anaemic, with a significant proportion of these being iron deficient. As iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in men and post-menopausal women is mostly caused by gastrointestinal blood loss or malabsorption, the initial evaluation of a patient with ID anaemia involves referral to a gastroenterologist. The current drive towards patient blood management in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)prescribes that we regulate not only the use of blood transfusion but also the management of patients in whom the cause of iron loss or inadequate iron absorption is sought. Recommendations have been developed to: (i) aid clinicians in the evaluation of suspected gastrointestinal iron loss and iron malabsorption, and often a combination of these; (ii) improve clinical outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal causes of ID; (iii) provide current, evidence-based, context-specific recommendations for use in the management of ID; and (iv) conserve resources by ensuring rational utilisation of blood and blood products. METHOD Development of the guidance document was facilitated by the Gastroenterology Foundation of Sub-Saharan Africa and the South African Gastroenterology Society. The consensus recommendations are based on a rigorous process involving 21 experts in gastroenterology and haematology in SSA. Following discussion of the scope and purpose of the guidance document among the experts, an initial review of the literature and existing guidelines was undertaken. Thereafter, draft recommendation statements were produced to fulfil the outlined purpose of the guidance document. These were reviewed in a round-table discussion and were subjected to two rounds of anonymised consensus voting by the full committee in an electronic Delphi exercise during 2022 using the online platform, Research Electronic Data Capture. Recommendations were modified by considering feedback from the previous round, and those reaching a consensus of over 80% were incorporated into the final document. Finally, 44 statements in the document were read and approved by all members of the working group. CONCLUSION The recommendations incorporate six areas, namely: general recommendations and practice, Helicobacter pylori, coeliac disease, suspected small bowel bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease, and preoperative care. Implementation of the recommendations is aimed at various levels from individual practitioners to healthcare institutions, departments and regional, district, provincial and national platforms. It is intended that the recommendations spur the development of centre-specific guidelines and that they are integrated with the relevant patient blood management protocols. Integration of the recommendations is intended to promote optimal evaluation and management of patients with ID, regardless of the presence of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Simmonds
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Y Awuku
- Department of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - C Barrett
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - M Brand
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - K Davidson
- Private practice, IBD nurse specialist, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - D Epstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - E Fredericks
- Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - S Gabriel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - S Grobler
- niversitas Netcare Private Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - C Gounden
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa.
| | - L Katsidzira
- Internal Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - V J Louw
- Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - V Naidoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa.
| | - C Noel
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - E Ogutu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nairobi and Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.
| | - N Ramonate
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - N Seabi
- Gastroenterology Division, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M Setshedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - J Van Zyl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State and Netcare Universitas Private Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - G Watermeyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - C Kassianides
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Morningside Mediclinic, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Carreño-Tarragona G, Álvarez-Larrán A, Harrison C, Martínez-Ávila JC, Hernández-Boluda JC, Ferrer-Marín F, Radia DH, Mora E, Francis S, González-Martínez T, Goddard K, Pérez-Encinas M, Narayanan S, Raya JM, Singh V, Gutiérrez X, Toth P, Amat-Martínez P, Mcilwaine L, Alobaidi M, Mayani K, McGregor A, Stuckey R, Psaila B, Segura A, Alvares C, Davidson K, Osorio S, Cutting R, Sweeney CP, Rufián L, Moreno L, Cuenca I, Smith J, Morales ML, Gil-Manso R, Koutsavlis I, Wang L, Mead AJ, Rozman M, Martínez-López J, Ayala R, Cross NCP. CNL and aCML should be considered as a single entity based on molecular profiles and outcomes. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1672-1681. [PMID: 36375042 PMCID: PMC10182308 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) are rare myeloid disorders that are challenging with regard to diagnosis and clinical management. To study the similarities and differences between these disorders, we undertook a multicenter international study of one of the largest case series (CNL, n = 24; aCML, n = 37 cases, respectively), focusing on the clinical and mutational profiles (n = 53 with molecular data) of these diseases. We found no differences in clinical presentations or outcomes of both entities. As previously described, both CNL and aCML share a complex mutational profile with mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation, splicing, and signaling pathways. Apart from CSF3R, only EZH2 and TET2 were differentially mutated between them. The molecular profiles support the notion of CNL and aCML being a continuum of the same disease that may fit best within the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. We identified 4 high-risk mutated genes, specifically CEBPA (β = 2.26, hazard ratio [HR] = 9.54, P = .003), EZH2 (β = 1.12, HR = 3.062, P = .009), NRAS (β = 1.29, HR = 3.63, P = .048), and U2AF1 (β = 1.75, HR = 5.74, P = .013) using multivariate analysis. Our findings underscore the relevance of molecular-risk classification in CNL/aCML as well as the importance of CSF3R mutations in these diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases/genetics
- Mutation
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Carreño-Tarragona
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claire Harrison
- Hematology Department, Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - José Carlos Martínez-Ávila
- Agricultural Economics, Statistics and Business Management Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agrónomica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Hematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Deepti H. Radia
- Hematology Department, Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Mora
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Francis
- Hematology Department, Sheffield Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Goddard
- Hematology Department, Rotherham Hospital, Rotherham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Pérez-Encinas
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Srinivasan Narayanan
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - José María Raya
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vikram Singh
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xabier Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Toth
- Hematology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Louisa Mcilwaine
- Hematology Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Alobaidi
- Department of Haematology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust West Middlesex Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Mayani
- Hematology Department, Hospital General de La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andrew McGregor
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Stuckey
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrián Segura
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Caroline Alvares
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri Davidson
- Hematology Department, Kirkcaldy Hospital, Fife, Scotland
| | - Santiago Osorio
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Cutting
- Hematology Department, Doncaster Hospital, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England
| | - Caroline P. Sweeney
- Hematology Department, Vale of Leven Hospital, Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland
| | - Laura Rufián
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuenca
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffery Smith
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - María Luz Morales
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Gil-Manso
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Koutsavlis
- Hematology Department, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lihui Wang
- Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Service, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Mead
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - María Rozman
- Hemopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, I+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Complutense University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas C. P. Cross
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Walker C, Weekes D, Torga G, Quist J, Trendell J, Hitchens L, Martin A, Davidson K, Kollarovic G, Grigoriadis A, Pines J, Pettitt S, Lord C, Tutt A. HORMAD1 drives spindle assembly checkpoint defects and sensitivity to multiple mitotic kinases. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Rahman A, Portela C, Davidson K, Fanelli K, Allison A, Kaplan B, Maybaum S. Metabolic and Hemodynamic Determinants of Exercise with the HeartMate 3 LVAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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5
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Gotsch SG, Williams CB, Bicaba R, Cruz-de Hoyos R, Darby A, Davidson K, Dix M, Duarte V, Glunk A, Green L, Ferguson B, Muñoz-Elizondo K, Murray JG, Picado-Fallas I, Nӕsborg R, Dawson TE, Nadkarni N. Trade-offs between succulent and non-succulent epiphytes underlie variation in drought tolerance and avoidance. Oecologia 2022; 198:645-661. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Gotsch SG, Williams CB, Bicaba R, Cruz-de Hoyos R, Darby A, Davidson K, Dix M, Duarte V, Glunk A, Green L, Ferguson B, Muñoz-Elizondo K, Murray JG, Picado-Fallas I, Nӕsborg R, Dawson TE, Nadkarni N. Trade-offs between succulent and non-succulent epiphytes underlie variation in drought tolerance and avoidance. Oecologia 2022; 198:645-661. [PMID: 35279723 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-899788/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epiphyte communities comprise important components of many forest ecosystems in terms of biomass and diversity, but little is known regarding trade-offs that underlie diversity and structure in these communities or the impact that microclimate has on epiphyte trait allocation. We measured 22 functional traits in vascular epiphyte communities across six sites that span a microclimatic gradient in a tropical montane cloud forest region in Costa Rica. We quantified traits that relate to carbon and nitrogen allocation, gas exchange, water storage, and drought tolerance. Functional diversity was high in all but the lowest elevation site where drought likely limits the success of certain species with particular trait combinations. For most traits, variation was explained by relationships with other traits, rather than differences in microclimate across sites. Although there were significant differences in microclimate, epiphyte abundance, and diversity, we found substantial overlap in multivariate trait space across five of the sites. We found significant correlations between functional traits, many of which related to water storage (leaf water content, leaf thickness, hydrenchymal thickness), drought tolerance (turgor loss point), and carbon allocation (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content). This suite of trait correlations suggests that the epiphyte community has evolved functional strategies along with a drought avoidance versus drought tolerance continuum where leaf succulence emerged as a pivotal overall trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gotsch
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.
| | - C B Williams
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
- Conservation and Research, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - R Bicaba
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - R Cruz-de Hoyos
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Darby
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - K Davidson
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M Dix
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - V Duarte
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - A Glunk
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - L Green
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - B Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - K Muñoz-Elizondo
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - J G Murray
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - I Picado-Fallas
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - R Nӕsborg
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
- Conservation and Research, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - T E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - N Nadkarni
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Garand KL, Beall J, Hill EG, Davidson K, Blair J, Pearson W, Martin-Harris B. Effects of Presbyphagia on Oropharyngeal Swallowing Observed during Modified Barium Swallow Studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:973-980. [PMID: 36437764 PMCID: PMC10324474 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding how aging impacts swallowing can help differentiate typical from atypical behaviors. This study aimed to quantify age-related swallowing alterations observed during a modified barium swallow study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Adult fluoroscopy suite in a metropolitan hospital at an academic center. PARTICIPANTS 195 healthy adults distributed across 3 age categories: 21-39; 40-59; 60+ years. MEASUREMENTS 17 physiologic components of swallowing across three functional domains (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal), including summed composite scores (Oral Total [OT] and Pharyngeal Total [PT]), from the validated and standardized Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile. RESULTS Most components (65%) demonstrated no impairment (scores of "0"). The odds of a worse (higher) score increased significantly with age for: Tongue Control during Bolus Hold, Hyolaryngeal Movement, Laryngeal Closure, Pharyngeal Contraction, and Pharyngoesophageal Segment Opening. OT and PT scores for 40-59-year-olds were worse than the youngest group (p=.01 and p <.001, respectively). Adults 60+ years had significantly worse PT scores among all groups (p-values <.01). CONCLUSION Oropharyngeal swallowing physiology evolves as healthy adults age and should be considered during clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Garand
- Kendrea Garand, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA,
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Shah S, Vullaganti S, Maybaum S, Lima B, Fernandez H, Stevens G, Davidson K, Rutkin B, Wilson S, Koss E, Vatsia S, Majure D. "Clipping the Leak" - A Case Series of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair after Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Heaney C, Fernandez H, Lima B, Taylor J, Vuthoori R, Navarro J, Davidson K, Jelcic Y, Majure D, Kennedy K, Stevens G, Maybaum S. Subjective Assessment Underestimates Frailty in Patients with Heart Failure Referred for Advanced Therapies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Davidson K, El-Attawy S, El-Gamal M, Khattab MA, El-Demerdach AM. Synthesis of New Polymers for Photoresist and Lithographic Printing Applications. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008302014001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lithographic resist materials based on copolymers and/or terpolymers have been synthesised. These materials are comprised of one component to induce water solubility, such as Nvinyl pyrrolidinone (NVP) or N, Ndimethyl acrylamide (DMAC); and another material to give the photoactive response, in this case allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Copolymers and terpolymers of various compositions have been prepared by free radical copolymerization. Cationically initiated photocrosslinking was induced using mixed arylsulphonium hexaflouroantimonate (MAS+-SbF6) as a photoacid generating (PAG) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Davidson
- The Polymer Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4Y4, UK
| | | | | | | | - A. M. El-Demerdach
- Alexandria University, Institute of Graduate Studies andResearch, Materials Science Dept. 163, Horreva Avenue, Shatby 21526, Egypt
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Gillibrand PA, Siemering B, Miller PI, Davidson K. Individual-based modelling of the development and transport of a Karenia mikimotoi bloom on the North-west European continental shelf. Harmful Algae 2016; 53:118-134. [PMID: 28073438 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In 2006, a large and prolonged bloom of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi occurred in Scottish coastal waters, causing extensive mortalities of benthic organisms including annelids and molluscs and some species of fish (Davidson et al., 2009). A coupled hydrodynamic-algal transport model was developed to track the progression of the bloom around the Scottish coast during June-September 2006 and hence investigate the processes controlling the bloom dynamics. Within this individual-based model, cells were capable of growth, mortality and phototaxis and were transported by physical processes of advection and turbulent diffusion, using current velocities extracted from operational simulations of the MRCS ocean circulation model of the North-west European continental shelf. Vertical and horizontal turbulent diffusion of cells are treated using a random walk approach. Comparison of model output with remotely sensed chlorophyll concentrations and cell counts from coastal monitoring stations indicated that it was necessary to include multiple spatially distinct seed populations of K. mikimotoi at separate locations on the shelf edge to capture the qualitative pattern of bloom transport and development. We interpret this as indicating that the source population was being transported northwards by the Hebridean slope current from where colonies of K. mikimotoi were injected onto the continental shelf by eddies or other transient exchange processes. The model was used to investigate the effects on simulated K. mikimotoi transport and dispersal of: (1) the distribution of the initial seed population; (2) algal growth and mortality; (3) water temperature; (4) the vertical movement of particles by diurnal migration and eddy diffusion; (5) the relative role of the shelf edge and coastal currents; (6) the role of wind forcing. The numerical experiments emphasized the requirement for a physiologically based biological model and indicated that improved modelling of future blooms will potentially benefit from better parameterisation of temperature dependence of both growth and mortality and finer spatial and temporal hydrodynamic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Gillibrand
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso KW14 7EE, UK.
| | - B Siemering
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - P I Miller
- NEODAAS-Plymouth, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - K Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
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Meintjes M, Purcell S, Chantilis S, Navarrete G, Tilley B, Lee K, Thomas M, Qin Y, Davidson K, Mehta R, Guerami A. A time-lapse evaluation of conventional slow freezing and vitrification of PN-stage embryos. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kociuba C, Davidson K, Doninger N. A-25 * A Case Study of Late Onset Semantic Dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gumley AI, Schwannauer M, Macbeth A, Fisher R, Clark S, Rattrie L, Fraser G, McCabe R, Blair A, Davidson K, Birchwood M. Insight, duration of untreated psychosis and attachment in first-episode psychosis: prospective study of psychiatric recovery over 12-month follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:60-7. [PMID: 24723630 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence shows attachment security influences symptom expression and adaptation in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychoses. AIMS To describe the distribution of secure and insecure attachment in a cohort of individuals with first-episode psychosis, and to explore the relationship between attachment security and recovery from positive and negative symptoms in the first 12 months. METHOD The study was a prospective 12-month cohort study. The role of attachment, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), baseline symptoms and insight in predicting and mediating recovery from symptoms was investigated using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. RESULTS Of the 79 participants, 54 completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): 37 (68.5%) were classified as insecure, of which 26 (48.1%) were insecure/dismissing and 11 (20.4%) insecure preoccupied. Both DUP and insight predicted recovery from positive symptoms at 12 months. Attachment security, DUP and insight predicted recovery from negative symptoms at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Attachment is an important construct contributing to understanding and development of interventions promoting recovery following first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Gumley
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - M Schwannauer
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - A Macbeth
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - R Fisher
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - S Clark
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - L Rattrie
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - G Fraser
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - R McCabe
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - A Blair
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - K Davidson
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - M Birchwood
- A. I. Gumley, BA(Hons), MAppSci, PhD, AFBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Schwannauer, MA, DPsych, PhD, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Macbeth, DClinPsy, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; R. Fisher, PhD, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, and Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; S. Clark, MA(Hons), DClinPsychol, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; L. Rattrie, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; G. Fraser, MSc, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; R. McCabe, MBChB, MPhil, FRCPsych, Early Psychosis Support Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; A. Blair, FRCPsych, ESTEEM First Episode Psychosis Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; K. Davidson, MA, MPhil, PhD, FBPsS, CPsychol, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow, and Glasgow Institute for Psychosocial Interventions, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow; M. Birchwood, BSc, PhD, DSc, FBPsS, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
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15
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Morrone A, Tylee KL, Al-Sayed M, Brusius-Facchin AC, Caciotti A, Church HJ, Coll MJ, Davidson K, Fietz MJ, Gort L, Hegde M, Kubaski F, Lacerda L, Laranjeira F, Leistner-Segal S, Mooney S, Pajares S, Pollard L, Ribeiro I, Wang RY, Miller N. Molecular testing of 163 patients with Morquio A (Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA) identifies 39 novel GALNS mutations. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:160-70. [PMID: 24726177 PMCID: PMC4203673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Morquio A (Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA; MPS IVA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by partial or total deficiency of the enzyme galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS; also known as N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase) encoded by the GALNS gene. Patients who inherit two mutated GALNS gene alleles have a decreased ability to degrade the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, thereby causing GAG accumulation within lysosomes and consequently pleiotropic disease. GALNS mutations occur throughout the gene and many mutations are identified only in single patients or families, causing difficulties both in mutation detection and interpretation. In this study, molecular analysis of 163 patients with Morquio A identified 99 unique mutations in the GALNS gene believed to negatively impact GALNS protein function, of which 39 are previously unpublished, together with 26 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Recommendations for the molecular testing of patients, clear reporting of sequence findings, and interpretation of sequencing data are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morrone
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence Italy
| | - K L Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - M Al-Sayed
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A C Brusius-Facchin
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Caciotti
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - H J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - M J Coll
- Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Davidson
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | - M J Fietz
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Gort
- Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hegde
- Emory Genetics Laboratory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Kubaski
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L Lacerda
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães (CGMJM) do Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - F Laranjeira
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães (CGMJM) do Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - S Leistner-Segal
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S Mooney
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - S Pajares
- Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Pollard
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - I Ribeiro
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães (CGMJM) do Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - R Y Wang
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - N Miller
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
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Chaplin WF, Davidson K, Sparrow V, Stuhr J, Van Roosmalen E, Wallston KA. A structural evaluation of the expanded multidimensional health locus of control scale with a diverse sample of caucasian/european, native, and black canadian women. J Health Psychol 2012; 6:447-55. [PMID: 22049392 DOI: 10.1177/135910530100600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale is a widely used measure of the factors that people believe exert some control over their health. The purpose of the research reported here is to provide an independent evaluation of the structural properties of the recently expanded MHLC. Specifically we sought to address the issue of the interdependence of the external locus of control scales (Powerful Others, God, and Chance) and the legitimacy of the addition of a measure of God control as a separate subscale in the expanded MHLC. The study is based on an ethnically diverse sample of 371 community women, recruited through a random digit dialing procedure, who responded to all the items on the expanded MHLC. Although, the three external factors (God, Powerful Others, and Chance) are substantially correlated, structural analyses indicate that a four-factor model consisting of the three external scales and the Internal control scale provides the best fit to the observed covariances among the items. We view this result as supporting the addition of the God subscale as a separate dimension of external health locus of control. We also find support in these results for the continued scoring of four subscales on the MHLC rather than combining the three external subscales on one dimension as some have suggested.
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Fayolle G, Levick W, Lajiness-O'Neill R, Fastenau P, Briskin S, Bass N, Silva M, Critchfield E, Nakase-Richardson R, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Anderson A, Peery S, Chafetz M, Maris M, Ramezani A, Sylvester C, Goldberg K, Constantinou M, Karekla M, Hall J, Edwards M, Balldin V, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum M, lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Royall D, Barber R, Younes S, Wiechmann A, O'Bryant S, Patel K, Suhr J, Patel K, Suhr J, Chari S, Yokoyama J, Bettcher B, Karydas A, Miller B, Kramer J, Zec R, Fritz S, Kohlrus S, Robbs R, Ala T, Gifford K, Cantwell N, Romano R, Jefferson A, Holland A, Newton S, Bunting J, Coe M, Carmona J, Harrison D, Puente A, Terry D, Faraco C, Brown C, Patel A, Watts A, Kent A, Siegel J, Miller S, Ernst W, Chelune G, Holdnack J, Sheehan J, Duff K, Pedraza O, Crawford J, Terry D, Puente A, Brown C, Faraco C, Watts A, Patel A, Kent A, Siegel J, Miller L, Younes S, Hobson Balldin V, Benavides H, Johnson L, Hall J, Tshuma L, O'Bryant S, Dezhkam N, Hayes L, Love C, Stephens B, Webbe F, Allen C, Lemann E, Davis A, Pierson E, Lutz J, Piehl J, Holler K, Kavanaugh B, Tayim F, Llanes S, Mulligan K, Poston K, Riccio C, Beathard J, Cohen M, Stolberg P, Hart J, Jones W, Mayfield J, Allen D, Weller J, Dunham K, Demireva P, McInerney K, Suhr J, Dykstra J, Riddle T, Suhr J, Primus M, Riccio C, Highsmith J, Everhart D, Shadi S, Lehockey K, Sullivan S, Lucas M, Mandava S, Murphy B, Donovick P, Lalwani L, Rosselli M, Coad S, Carrasco R, Sofko C, Scarisbrick D, Golden C, Coad S, Zuckerman S, Golden C, Perna R, Loughan A, Hertza J, Brand J, Rivera Mindt M, Denney R, Schaffer S, Alper K, Devinsky O, Barr W, Langer K, Fraiman J, Scagliola J, Roman E, Martinez A, Cohen M, Dunham K, Riccio C, Martin P, Robbins J, Golden C, Axelrod B, Etherton J, Konopacki K, Moses J, Juliano A, Whiteside D, Rolin S, Widmann G, Franzwa M, Sokal B, Mark V, Doyle K, Morgan E, Weber E, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L, Grant I, Sibson J, Woods S, Andrews P, McGregor S, Golden C, Etherton J, Allen C, Cormier R, Cumley N, Elek M, Green M, Ogbeide S, Kruger A, Pacheco L, Robinson G, Welch H, Etherton J, Allen C, Cormier R, Cumley N, Kruger A, Pacheco L, Glover M, Parriott D, Jones W, Loe S, Hughes L, Natta L, Moses J, Vincent A, Roebuck-Spencer T, Bryan C, Padua M, Denney R, Moses J, Quenicka W, McGoldirck K, Bennett T, Soper H, Collier S, Connolly M, Hanratty A, Di Pinto M, Magnuson S, Dunham K, Handel E, Davidson K, Livers E, Frantz S, Allen J, Jerard T, Moses J, Pierce S, Sakhai S, Newton S, Warchol A, Holland A, Bunting J, Coe M, Carmona J, Harrison D, Barney S, Thaler N, Sutton G, Strauss G, Allen D, Hunter B, Bennett T, Quenicka W, McGoldrick K, Soper H, Sordahl J, Torrence N, John S, Gavett B, O'Bryant S, Shadi S, Denney R, Nichols C, Riccio C, Cohen M, Dennison A, Wasserman T, Schleicher-Dilks S, Adler M, Golden C, Olivier T, Schleicher-Dilks S, Golden C, LeMonda B, McGinley J, Pritchett A, Chang L, Cloak C, Cunningham E, Lohaugen G, Skranes J, Ernst T, Parke E, Thaler N, Etcoff L, Allen D, Andrews P, McGregor S, Golden C, Northington S, Daniels R, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Hochsztein N, Miles-Mason E, Granader Y, Vasserman M, MacAllister W, Casto B, Peery S, Patrick K, Hurewitz F, Chute D, Booth A, Koch C, Roid G, Balkema N, Kiefel J, Bell L, Maerlender A, Belkin T, Katzenstein J, Semerjian C, Culotta V, Band E, Yosick R, Burns T, Arenivas A, Bearden D, Olson K, Jacobson K, Ubogy S, Sterling C, Taub E, Griffin A, Rickards T, Uswatte G, Davis D, Sweeney K, Llorente A, Boettcher A, Hill B, Ploetz D, Kline J, Rohling M, O'Jile J, Holler K, Petrauskas V, Long J, Casey J, Long J, Petrauskas V, Duda T, Hodsman S, Casey J, Stricker S, Martner S, Hansen R, Ferraro F, Tangen R, Hanratty A, Tanabe M, O'Callaghan E, Houskamp B, McDonald L, Pick L, Guardino D, Pick L, Pietz T, Kayser K, Gray R, Letteri A, Crisologo A, Witkin G, Sanders J, Mrazik M, Harley A, Phoong M, Melville T, La D, Gomez R, Berthelson L, Robbins J, Lane E, Golden C, Rahman P, Konopka L, Fasfous A, Zink D, Peralta-Ramirez N, Perez-Garcia M, Puente A, Su S, Lin G, Kiely T, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Dykstra J, Suhr J, Feigon M, Renteria L, Fong M, Piper L, Lee E, Vordenberg J, Contardo C, Magnuson S, Doninger N, Luton L, Balkema N, Drane D, Phelan A, Stricker W, Poreh A, Wolkenberg F, Spira J, Lin G, Su S, Kiely T, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, DeRight J, Jorgensen R, Fitzpatrick L, Crowe S, Woods S, Doyle K, Weber E, Cameron M, Cattie J, Cushman C, Grant I, Blackstone K, Woods S, Weber E, Grant I, Moore D, Roberg B, Somogie M, Thelen J, Lovelace C, Bruce J, Gerstenecker A, Mast B, Litvan I, Hargrave D, Schroeder R, Buddin W, Baade L, Heinrichs R, Thelen J, Roberg B, Somogie M, Lovelace C, Bruce J, Boseck J, Berry K, Koehn E, Davis A, Meyer B, Gelder B, Sussman Z, Espe-Pfeifer P, Musso M, Barker A, Jones G, Gouvier W, Weber E, Woods S, Grant I, Johnson V, Zaytsev L, Freier-Randall M, Sutton G, Thaler N, Ringdahl E, Allen D, Olsen J, Byrd D, Rivera-Mindt M, Fellows R, Morgello S, Wheaton V, Jaehnert S, Ellis C, Olavarria H, Loftis J, Huckans M, Pimental P, Frawley J, Welch M, Jennette K, Rinehardt E, Schoenberg M, Strober L, Genova H, Wylie G, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti N, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Ibrahim E, Seiam A, Ibrahim E, Bohlega S, Rinehardt E, Lloyd H, Goldberg M, Marceaux J, Fallows R, McCoy K, Yehyawi N, Luther E, Hilsabeck R, Fulton R, Stevens P, Erickson S, Dodzik P, Williams R, Dsurney J, Najafizadeh L, McGovern J, Chowdhry F, Acevedo A, Bakhtiar A, Karamzadeh N, Amyot F, Gandjbakhche A, Haddad M, Taub E, Johnson M, Wade J, Harper L, Rickards T, Sterling C, Barghi A, Uswatte G, Mark V, Balkema N, Christopher G, Marcus D, Spady M, Bloom J, Wiechmann A, Hall J, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Northington S, Zimmer A, Webbe F, Miller M, Schuster D, Ebner H, Mortimer B, Webbe F, Palmer G, Happe M, Paxson J, Jurek B, Graca J, Meyers J, Lange R, Brickell T, French L, Lange R, Iverson G, Shewchuk J, Madler B, Heran M, Brubacher J, Brickell T, Lange R, Ivins B, French L, Baldassarre M, Paper T, Herrold A, Chin A, Zgaljardic D, Oden K, Lambert M, Dickson S, Miller R, Plenger P, Jacobson K, Olson K, Sutherland E, Glatts C, Schatz P, Walker K, Philip N, McClaughlin S, Mooney S, Seats E, Carnell V, Raintree J, Brown D, Hodges C, Amerson E, Kennedy C, Moore J, Schatz P, Ferris C, Roebuck-Spencer T, Vincent A, Bryan C, Catalano D, Warren A, Monden K, Driver S, Chau P, Seegmiller R, Baker M, Malach S, Mintz J, Villarreal R, Peterson A, Leininger S, Strong C, Donders J, Merritt V, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Arnett P, Whipple E, Schultheis M, Robinson K, Iacovone D, Biester R, Alfano D, Nicholls M, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Arnett P, Rabinowitz A, Vargas G, Arnett P, Klas P, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Vandermeer M, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Womble M, Rohling M, Hill B, Corley E, Considine C, Fichtenberg N, Harrison J, Pollock M, Mouanoutoua A, Brimager A, Lebby P, Sullivan K, Edmed S, Silva M, Nakase-Richardson R, Critchfield E, Kieffer K, McCarthy M, Wiegand L, Lindsey H, Hernandez M, Puente A, Noniyeva Y, Lapis Y, Padua M, Poole J, Brooks B, McKay C, Mrazik M, Meeuwisse W, Emery C, Brooks B, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, Sherman E, Brooks B, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, Kirkwood M, Sherman E, Gunner J, Miele A, Silk-Eglit G, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Stewart J, Tsou J, Scarisbrick D, Chan R, Bure-Reyes A, Cortes L, Gindy S, Golden C, Hunter B, Biddle C, Shah D, Jaberg P, Moss R, Horner M, VanKirk K, Dismuke C, Turner T, Muzzy W, Dunnam M, Miele A, Warner G, Donnelly K, Donnelly J, Kittleson J, Bradshaw C, Alt M, Margolis S, Ostroy E, Rolin S, Higgins K, Denney R, Rolin S, Eng K, Biddle C, Akeson S, Wall J, Davis J, Hansel J, Hill B, Rohling M, Wang B, Womble M, Gervais R, Greiffenstein M, Denning J, Denning J, Schroeder R, Buddin W, Hargrave D, VonDran E, Campbell E, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Baade L, Buddin W, Hargrave D, Schroeder R, Teichner G, Waid R, Buddin W, Schroeder R, Teichner G, Waid R, Buican B, Armistead-Jehle P, Bailie J, Dilay A, Cottingham M, Boyd C, Asmussen S, Neff J, Schalk S, Jensen L, DenBoer J, Hall S, DenBoer J, Schalk S, Jensen L, Hall S, Miele A, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Holcomb E, Axelrod B, Demakis G, Rimland C, Ward J, Ross M, Bailey M, Stubblefield A, Smigielski J, Geske J, Karpyak V, Reese C, Larrabee G, Suhr J, Silk-Eglit G, Gunner J, Miele A, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Allen L, Celinski M, Gilman J, Davis J, Wall J, LaDuke C, DeMatteo D, Heilbrun K, Swirsky-Sacchetti T, Lindsey H, Puente A, Dedman A, Withers K, Chafetz M, Deneen T, Denney R, Fisher J, Spray B, Savage R, Wiener H, Tyer J, Ningaonkar V, Devlin B, Go R, Sharma V, Tsou J, Golden C, Fontanetta R, Calderon C, Coad S, Golden C, Calderon C, Fontaneta R, Coad S, Golden C, Ringdahl E, Thaler N, Sutton G, Vertinski M, Allen D, Verbiest R, Thaler N, Snyder J, Kinney J, Allen D, Rach A, Young J, Crouse E, Schretlen D, Weaver J, Buchholz A, Gordon B, Macciocchi S, Seel R, Godsall R, Brotsky J, DiRocco A, Houghton-Faryna E, Bolinger E, Hollenbeck C, Hart J, Thaler N, Vertinski M, Ringdahl E, Allen D, Lee B, Strauss G, Adams J, Martins D, Catalano L, Waltz J, Gold J, Haas G, Brown L, Luther J, Goldstein G, Kiely T, Kelley E, Lin G, Su S, Raba C, Gomez R, Trettin L, Solvason H, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Vertinski M, Thaler N, Allen D, Gold J, Buchanan R, Strauss G, Baldock D, Ringdahl E, Sutton G, Thaler N, Allen D, Fallows R, Marceaux J, McCoy K, Yehyawi N, Luther E, Hilsabeck R, Etherton J, Phelps T, Richmond S, Tapscott B, Thomlinson S, Cordeiro L, Wilkening G, Parikh M, Graham L, Grosch M, Hynan L, Weiner M, Cullum C, Hobson Balldin V, Menon C, Younes S, Hall J, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum M, Lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Royall D, Barber R, O'Bryant S, Castro-Couch M, Irani F, Houshyarnejad A, Norman M, Peery S, Fonseca F, Bure-Reyes A, Browne B, Alvarez J, Jiminez Y, Baez V, Cortes L, Golden C, Fonseca F, Bure-Reyes A, Coad S, Alvarez J, Browne B, Baez V, Golden C, Resendiz C, Scott B, Farias G, York M, Lozano V, Mahoney M, Strutt A, Hernandez Mejia M, Puente A, Bure-Reyes A, Fonseca F, Baez V, Alvarez J, Browne B, Coad S, Jiminez Y, Cortes L, Golden C, Bure-Reyes A, Pacheco E, Homs A, Acevedo A, Ownby R, Nici J, Hom J, Lutz J, Dean R, Finch H, Pierce S, Moses J, Mann S, Feinberg J, Choi A, Kaminetskaya M, Pierce C, Zacharewicz M, Axelrod B, Gavett B, Horwitz J, Edwards M, O'Bryant S, Ory J, Gouvier W, Carbuccia K, Ory J, Carbuccia K, Gouvier W, Morra L, Garcon S, Lucas M, Donovick P, Whearty K, Campbell K, Camlic S, Donovick P, Edwards M, Balldin V, Hall J, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum C, Lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Barber R, Royall D, Younes S, O'Bryant S, Brinckman D, Schultheis M, Ehrhart L, Weisser V, Medaglia J, Merzagora A, Reckess G, Ho T, Testa S, Gordon B, Schretlen D, Woolery H, Farcello C, Klimas N, Thaler N, Allen D, Meyer J, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Barwick F, Arnett P, Womble M, Rohling M, Hill B, Corley E, Drayer K, Rohling M, Ploetz D, Womble M, Hill B, Baldock D, Ringdahl E, Sutton G, Thaler N, Allen D, Galusha J, Schmitt A, Livingston R, Stewart R, Quarles L, Pagitt M, Barke C, Baker A, Baker N, Cook N, Ahern D, Correia S, Resnik L, Barnabe K, Gnepp D, Benjamin M, Zlatar Z, Garcia A, Harnish S, Crosson B, Rickards T, Mark V, Taub E, Sterling C, Vaughan L, Uswatte G, Fedio A, Sexton J, Cummings S, Logemann A, Lassiter N, Fedio P, Gremillion A, Nemeth D, Whittington T, Hansen R, Reckow J, Ferraro F, Lewandowski C, Cole J, Lewandowski A, Spector J, Ford-Johnson L, Lengenfelder J, Genova H, Sumowski J, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti N, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Morse C, McKeever J, Zhao L, Leist T, Schultheis M, Marcinak J, Piecora K, Al-Khalil K, Webbe F, Mulligan K, Robbins J, Berthelson L, Martin P, Golden C, Piecora K, Marcinak J, Al-Khalil K, Webbe F, Mulligan K, Stewart J, Acevedo A, Ownby R, Thompson L, Kowalczyk W, Golub S, Davis A, Lemann E, Piehl J, Rita N, Moss L, Davis A, Boseck J, Berry K, Koehn E, Meyer B, Gelder B, Davis A, Nogin R, Moss L, Drapeau C, Malm S, Davis A, Lemann E, Koehn E, Drapeau C, Malm S, Boseck J, Armstrong L, Glidewell R, Orr W, Mears G. Grand Rounds. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acs070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Smith
- Departments of Haematology Histopathology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK.
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Bui T, Harvey J, Brown E, Scott M, Haines T, Davidson K. Conformal external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of anal canal carcinoma: A retrospective study of a genital organ sparing technique. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2009; 53:396-404. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a health and fitness programme conducted within a New South Wales, Australia correctional facility for male inmates with a chronic illness. DESIGN A randomised control trial. SAMPLE Twenty male inmate participants with a chronic illness, two risk factors for developing a chronic illness or who were over the age of 40 years. MEASUREMENTS Pre and post programme health assessments that included resting blood pressure and heart rate, weight, body mass index, waist girth, peak flow measures, peripheral saturation of oxygen, blood glucose levels and 6 minute walk test. INTERVENTION A 12-week structured exercise programme focusing on cardio respiratory endurance, strength and flexibility training. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements in resting heart rate and endurance were found. CONCLUSIONS The health and fitness programme positively impacts on the health of inmates with a chronic illness. A further study with a larger sample size would be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cashin
- University of Technology Sydney and NSW Justice Health, Pagewood, NSW, Australia.
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Hervey V, Davidson K, Manson L, McClelland B, Saleh E. Preoperative iron supplementation for preventing anaemia and minimising allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major elective surgery. Hippokratia 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004892.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hervey V, Davidson K, Manson L, McClelland B, Saleh E. Postoperative iron supplementation for preventing anaemia and minimising allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major elective surgery. Hippokratia 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004895.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Harris-Glocker M, Davidson K, Kochman L, Guzick D, Hoeger K. Improvement in quality-of-life questionnaire measures (PCOSQ) in obese adolescent females with PCOS treated with lifestyle change, oral contraceptives, with or without metformin. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cashin A, Potter E, Stevens W, Davidson K, Muldoon D. Moving and Thinking Behind Bars: The Effectiveness of an Exercise and Health Education Program on Psychological Distress of Incarcerated People with, or at Risk of Developing, a Chronic Illness. Aust J Prim Health 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/py08002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rates of chronic illness within the New South Wales, Australia, prison population are alarmingly high. Population approaches to health care and community development pose some unique challenges in the context of prisons. These challenges are discussed in the context of the report on the results of a small pilot randomised control trial conducted within one New South Wales prison that investigated the effect of a 12-week exercise and health education program on male inmates? psychological distress. The exercise program targeted individuals with a chronic illness, those who had two or more risk factors for developing a chronic illness and/or inmates over 40 years of age. The psychological distress of the inmate participants was measured weekly using a modified Kessler 10 tool. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups pre- or post- the exercise program. There was also no significant correlation between total psychological distress and participating or not participating in the exercise. A further study, with a larger sample size and different tool, is recommended.
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Tsotinis A, Gourgourinis J, Eleutheriades A, Davidson K, Sugden D. Design and Synthesis of New N-OMe Fluoro-Indole Melatoninergics. Med Chem 2007; 3:561-71. [DOI: 10.2174/157340607782360335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
It is now accepted that activation of Class I PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) is one of the most important signal transduction pathways used by cell-surface receptors to control intracellular events. The receptors which access this pathway include those that recognize growth factors, hormones, antigens and inflammatory stimuli, and the cellular events known to be regulated include cell growth, survival, proliferation and movement. We have learnt a great deal about the family of Class I PI3K enzymes themselves and the structural adaptations which allow a variety of cell-surface receptors to regulate their activity. Class I PI3Ks synthesize the phospholipid PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the membranes in which they are activated, and it is now accepted that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and its dephosphorylation product PtdIns(3,4)P2 are messenger molecules which regulate the localization and function of multiple effectors by binding to their specific PH (pleckstrin homology) domains. The number of direct PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 effectors which exist, even within a single cell, creates an extremely complex signalling web downstream of PI3K activation. Some key players are beginning to emerge, however, linking PI3K activity to specific cellular responses. These include small GTPases for the Rho and Arf families which regulate the cytoskeletal and membrane rearrangements required for cell movement, and PKB (protein kinase B), which has important regulatory inputs into the regulation of cell-cycle progression and survival. The importance of the PI3K signalling pathway in regulating the balance of decisions in cell growth, proliferation and survival is clear from the prevalence of oncogenes (e.g. PI3Kalpha) and tumour suppressors [e.g. the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 3-phosphatase, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)] found in this pathway. The recent availability of transgenic mouse models with engineered defects in Class I PI3K signalling pathways, and the development of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors by both academic and pharmaceutical research has highlighted the importance of specific isoforms of PI3K in whole-animal physiology and pathology, e.g. PI3Kalpha in growth and metabolic regulation, PI3Kbeta in thrombosis, and PI3Kdelta and PI3Kgamma in inflammation and asthma. Thus the Class I PI3K signalling pathway is emerging as an exciting new area for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Hawkins
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.
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Kaplan RM, Spring B, Davidson K. APA, NAMI, NMHA, and evidence-based behavioural medicine: a comment. Evidence-Based Mental Health 2006; 9:32-4. [PMID: 16638884 DOI: 10.1136/ebmh.9.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Kaplan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Davidson K, Scott J, Schmidt U, Tata P, Thornton S, Tyrer P. Therapist competence and clinical outcome in the Prevention of Parasuicide by Manual Assisted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy trial: the POPMACT study. Psychol Med 2004; 34:855-863. [PMID: 15500306 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapist competence may be an important factor in determining clinical outcome in psychological therapies. However, there are few published studies of therapist competence v. patient outcome from randomized controlled trials. We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of therapist competence would lead to better clinical outcomes in both patient- and observer-rated measures at 6- and 12-month follow-up. METHOD A random sample of 49 audiotapes of manual assisted cognitive therapy sessions delivered by 21 therapists involved in the Prevention of Parasuicide by Manual Assisted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy trial was rated to assess the level of therapist competence. Patient outcome was assessed using self and observer ratings of depressive and anxiety symptoms, social functioning, global functioning and number of episodes of deliberate self-harm. RESULTS At 6-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant association between therapist level of competence and observer-rated depression only. At 12-month follow-up, significant associations were noted between therapist competence and all observer-rated clinical outcomes but not for self-rated outcome measures. However, there was no association between therapist competence and the number of self-harm episodes during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS When treated by therapists rated as more competent than other therapists who received equivalent brief training, patients with recurrent self-harm show significant clinical improvements. However, this benefit is not identified across all outcome measures and is not fully apparent until 12-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Davidson
- Psychological Medicine, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) increases extrachromosomal DNA elimination in tumor cell lines. The c-myc oncogene is one of the many relevant amplified genes contained within the extrachromosomal DNA compartment. Spontaneous loss of amplified copies of c-myc induces terminal differentiation and apoptosis in the human HL-60 leukemia cell lines. In the present study, we evaluate HU's ability to induce apoptosis by eliminating extrachromosomally located c-myc oncogene in human tumor cell lines. The consequences of eliminating extrachromosomal DNA by HU were explored in two different cell lines using the TdT assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide labeling. COLO 320 clone 3 and COLO 320 clone 21 cell lines contain the same number of amplified copies of c-myc oncogene, but located respectively on extrachromosomal DNA, and intrachromosomally in homogeneously staining regions. HU induced apoptosis in the COLO 320 clone 3 cell line by a time and concentration dependent mechanism but could not induce apoptosis in the COLO 320 clone 21 cell line. These results suggested that HU-induced apoptosis in COLO 320 cell lines depends on elimination of extrachromosomal amplified copies of the c-myc oncogene. The ability of HU to eliminate extrachromosomally amplified copies of the c-myc oncogene and to induce apoptosis should be considered when targeting malignancies with amplification of the c-myc oncogene in an extrachromosomal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Petit
- Translational Research Laboratory, Institute for Drug Development, 14960 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA
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Hervey V, Davidson K, Manson L, McClelland B, Saleh E. Preoperative iron supplementation for preventing anaemia and minimising allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major elective surgery. Hippokratia 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hervey V, Davidson K, Manson L, McClelland B, Saleh E. Postoperative iron supplementation for preventing anaemia and minimising allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major elective surgery. Hippokratia 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Byford S, Knapp M, Greenshields J, Ukoumunne OC, Jones V, Thompson S, Tyrer P, Schmidt U, Davidson K. Cost-effectiveness of brief cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: a decision-making approach. Psychol Med 2003; 33:977-986. [PMID: 12946082 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deliberate self-harm can be costly, in terms of treatment and subsequent suicide. Any intervention that reduces episodes of self-harm might therefore have a major impact on the costs incurred by service providers and the productivity losses due to illness or premature death. METHOD Four hundred and eighty patients with a history of recurrent deliberate self-harm were randomized to manual-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (MACT) or treatment as usual. Economic data were collected from patients at baseline, 6 and 12 months, and these data were complete for 397 patients. Incremental cost-effectiveness was explored using the primary outcome measure, proportion of patients having a repeat episode of deliberate self-harm, and quality of life. The uncertainty surrounding costs and effects was represented using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. RESULTS Differences in total cost per patient were statistically significant at 6 months in favour of MACT (pounds sterling -897, 95 % CI -1747 to -48, P=0.04), but these differences did not remain significant at 12 months (pounds sterling -838, 95% CI -2142 to 466, P=0.21). Nevertheless, exploration of the uncertainty surrounding these estimates suggests there is >90% probability that MACT is a more cost-effective strategy for reducing the recurrence of deliberate self-harm in this population over 1 year than treatment as usual. The results for quality of life were not conclusive. CONCLUSION Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves demonstrate that, based on the evidence currently available, to reject MACT on traditional grounds of statistical significance and to continue funding current practice has <10% chance of being the correct decision in terms of cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Byford
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College, King's College and Maudsley Hospitals, Center for the Economics of Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Tyrer P, Thompson S, Schmidt U, Jones V, Knapp M, Davidson K, Catalan J, Airlie J, Baxter S, Byford S, Byrne G, Cameron S, Caplan R, Cooper S, Ferguson B, Freeman C, Frost S, Godley J, Greenshields J, Henderson J, Holden N, Keech P, Kim L, Logan K, Manley C, MacLeod A, Murphy R, Patience L, Ramsay L, De Munroz S, Scott J, Seivewright H, Sivakumar K, Tata P, Thornton S, Ukoumunne OC, Wessely S. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: the POPMACT study. Psychol Med 2003; 33:969-976. [PMID: 12946081 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703008171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We carried out a large randomized trial of a brief form of cognitive therapy, manual-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (MACT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for deliberate self-harm. METHOD Patients presenting with recurrent deliberate self-harm in five centres were randomized to either MACT or (TAU) and followed up over 1 year. MACT patients received a booklet based on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) principles and were offered up to five plus two booster sessions of CBT from a therapist in the first 3 months of the study. Ratings of parasuicide risk, anxiety, depression, social functioning and global function, positive and negative thinking, and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty patients were randomized. Sixty per cent of the MACT group had both the booklet and CBT sessions. There were seven suicides, five in the TAU group. The main outcome measure, the proportion of those repeating deliberate self-harm in the 12 months of the study, showed no significant difference between those treated with MACT (39%) and treatment as usual (46%) (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.14, P=0.20). CONCLUSION Brief cognitive behaviour therapy is of limited efficacy in reducing self-harm repetition, but the findings taken in conjunctin with the economic evaluation (Byford et al. 2003) indicate superiority of MACT over TAU in terms of cost and effectiveness combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyrer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College, King's College and Maudsley Hospitals, Center for the Economics of Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Mitra A, Davidson K, Flynn K. The influence of changes in predation rates on marine microbial predator/prey interactions: a modelling study. Acta Oecologica 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1146-609x(03)00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several examinations have detected a relation between depressive symptoms and medical utilization. However, selection biases have been involved in most previous examinations. We sought to test the association between depressive symptoms and prospective, increased medical care utilization, in a population-based Canadian sample, while controlling for utilization due to medical illness and controlling for selection bias. METHODS Data from the Nova Scotia Health Survey 1995, an age- and sex-stratified random sampling of 3227 Nova Scotian adults, included the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and items assessing chronic medical conditions and current limitations in daily activities resulting from medical illness. We linked survey data with medical care utilization measures for the year following the survey, including out-patient visits, reimbursement for out-patient services, hospitalizations, and hospitalization days. RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, count of medical diagnoses and current medical severity, those with a greater level of depressive symptoms were at greater risk of having increased medical care utilization in the following year. These results remained after removing mental health care utilization costs. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based sample, depressive symptoms predicted greater medical care utilization, independent of a number of medical severity measures. Whether depressive symptoms are a risk marker or a causal risk factor for increased medical utilization remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rowan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
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Krugmann S, Anderson KE, Ridley SH, Risso N, McGregor A, Coadwell J, Davidson K, Eguinoa A, Ellson CD, Lipp P, Manifava M, Ktistakis N, Painter G, Thuring JW, Cooper MA, Lim ZY, Holmes AB, Dove SK, Michell RH, Grewal A, Nazarian A, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT. Identification of ARAP3, a novel PI3K effector regulating both Arf and Rho GTPases, by selective capture on phosphoinositide affinity matrices. Mol Cell 2002; 9:95-108. [PMID: 11804589 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We show that matrices carrying the tethered homologs of natural phosphoinositides can be used to capture and display multiple phosphoinositide binding proteins in cell and tissue extracts. We present the mass spectrometric identification of over 20 proteins isolated by this method, mostly from leukocyte extracts: they include known and novel proteins with established phosphoinositide binding domains and also known proteins with surprising and unusual phosphoinositide binding properties. One of the novel PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding proteins, ARAP3, has an unusual domain structure, including five predicted PH domains. We show that it is a specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2-stimulated Arf6 GAP both in vitro and in vivo, and both its Arf GAP and Rho GAP domains cooperate in mediating PI3K-dependent rearrangements in the cell cytoskeleton and cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krugmann
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
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Davidson K. Early diagnosis? N Z Med J 2001; 114:560. [PMID: 11833965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Erwin VG, Gehle VM, Davidson K, Radcliffe RA. Confirmation of correlations and common quantitative trait loci between neurotensin receptor density and hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:1699-707. [PMID: 11781501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, genetic correlations were observed between hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol and high-affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS1) binding. Provisional quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for these traits, and some of these QTLs were found on common chromosomal regions. In continued efforts to examine the relationship between NTS1 binding capacity and hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol, studies were designed to confirm correlations between NTS1 densities in the brain, duration of ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), and blood ethanol concentrations at regain of righting reflex (BECRR). Another purpose of the study was to confirm QTLs for these traits. METHODS ILS X ISS F2 mice and HAS X LAS F2 rats as well as the progenitors were tested for LORR, BECRR, and NTS1 densities. Phenotypic correlations were calculated between LORR and BECRR and between these measures and NTS1 densities in striatum from both mice and rats. The F2 mice were genotyped by using polymorphic markers for five previously reported QTLs for LORR to confirm QTLs for BECRR and NTS1 densities in striatum, ventral midbrain, and frontal cortex. RESULTS Phenotypic correlations were found between LORR and BECRR (r = -0.66 to -0.74, p < 10(-9)) and between these measures and NTS1 densities in striatum (r = 0.28-0.38, p < 10(-2)) from both mice and rats. QTLs for LORR and BECRR (lod score = 2-6) were found in common regions of chromosomes 1, 2, and 15. By using the combined results from a previous LSXSS RI study and the current results, a suggestive QTL (lod score = 3.1) for striatal NTS1 receptor densities was found on chromosome 15 at approximately 60 cM, in the same region as the chromosome 15 LORR/BECRR QTL. CONCLUSIONS The results are in agreement with previously reported correlations and QTLs for NTS1 receptor densities and measures of hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol in mice and extend those correlations to another species, the rat. These findings support a role for NTS1 in genetically mediated differences in hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Erwin
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Ridley SH, Ktistakis N, Davidson K, Anderson KE, Manifava M, Ellson CD, Lipp P, Bootman M, Coadwell J, Nazarian A, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Cooper MA, Thuring JW, Lim ZY, Holmes AB, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT. FENS-1 and DFCP1 are FYVE domain-containing proteins with distinct functions in the endosomal and Golgi compartments. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3991-4000. [PMID: 11739631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.22.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FENS-1 and DFCP1 are recently discovered proteins containing one or two FYVE-domains respectively. We show that the FYVE domains in these proteins can bind PtdIns3P in vitro with high specificity over other phosphoinositides. Exogenously expressed FENS-1 localises to early endosomes: this localisation requires an intact FYVE domain and is sensitive to wortmannin inhibition. The isolated FYVE domain of FENS-1 also localises to endosomes. These results are consistent with current models of FYVE-domain function in this cellular compartment. By contrast, exogenously expressed DFCP1 displays a predominantly Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vesicular distribution with little or no overlap with FENS-1 or other endosomal markers. Overexpression of DFCP1 was found to cause dispersal of the Golgi compartment defined by giantin and gpp130-staining. Disruption of the FYVE domains of DFCP1 causes a shift to more condensed and compact Golgi structures and overexpression of this mutant was found to confer significant protection to the Golgi against brefeldin-induced dispersal. These properties of DFCP1 are surprising, and suggest FYVE domain-localisation and function may not be exclusively endosomal.
Movies available on-line
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ridley
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Fleming M, Davidson K. Should nurses in uniform be banned from smoking? Nurs Times 2001; 97:17. [PMID: 11935758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Court EL, Davidson K, Smith MA, Inman L, Marriott SA, Smith JG, Pallister CJ. C-kit mutation screening in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: adaptation of a Giemsa-stained bone-marrow smear DNA extraction technique. Br J Biomed Sci 2001; 58:76-84. [PMID: 11440210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of viable tissue samples for leukaemia research is widely recognised and currently restrictive. Archival bone-marrow smears present a valuable resource that can be exploited easily for mutational analysis. Here, a modified technique to extract DNA is described, and used subsequently for mutation/polymorphism screening of the stem-cell factor receptor proto-oncogene c-kit in 23 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The selected method was straightforward and used bone-marrow material scraped from periodic acid-Schiff, sudan black B and May-Grünwald/Giemsa-stained preparations, and treated initially with proteinase K prepared in digestion buffer to digest all proteinaceous matter. Following incubation, saturated sodium chloride was added and DNA extracted from the supernatant by phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol treatment. Retrieved DNA was precipitated with ethanol at -20 degrees C overnight, washed with 95% ethanol, air-dried, resuspended using purite water and stored at -20 degrees C prior to use in mutational analysis. The extraction method described was compared with a commercial reagent for combined DNA, RNA and protein isolation using cryopreserved cells from 20 patients with AML. The quality of extracted DNA isolated by the two methods was comparable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) techniques. Bone-marrow biopsies are performed regularly on each AML patient to monitor the disease; therefore, an extraction method using this resource could liberate a valuable source of DNA for study (e.g. molecular investigations, including mutation/polymorphism screening etc.). This would allow fresh and programme-frozen cells to be reserved for those investigations requiring intact, viable cells. The use of archived bone-marrow smears would permit vast increase in the scope for retrospective testing and large-scale analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Court
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Ellson CD, Gobert-Gosse S, Anderson KE, Davidson K, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Thuring JW, Cooper MA, Lim ZY, Holmes AB, Gaffney PR, Coadwell J, Chilvers ER, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR. PtdIns(3)P regulates the neutrophil oxidase complex by binding to the PX domain of p40(phox). Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:679-82. [PMID: 11433301 DOI: 10.1038/35083076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils has a vital role in defence against a range of infectious agents, and is driven by the assembly of a multi-protein complex containing a minimal core of five proteins: the two membrane-bound subunits of cytochrome b(558) (gp91(phox) and p22(phox)) and three soluble factors (GTP-Rac, p47(phox) and p67(phox) (refs 1, 2). This minimal complex can reconstitute ROS formation in vitro in the presence of non-physiological amphiphiles such as SDS. p40(phox) has subsequently been discovered as a binding partner for p67(phox) (ref. 3), but its role in ROS formation is unclear. Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinases (PI(3)Ks) have been implicated in the intracellular signalling pathways coordinating ROS formation but through an unknown mechanism. We show that the addition of p40(phox) to the minimal core complex allows a lipid product of PI(3)Ks, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), to stimulate specifically the formation of ROS. This effect was mediated by binding of PtdIns(3)P to the PX domain of p40(phox). These results offer new insights into the roles for PI(3)Ks and p40(phox) in ROS formation and define a cellular ligand for the orphan PX domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Ellson
- The Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Pell JP, Walsh D, Norrie J, Berg G, Colquhoun AD, Davidson K, Eteiba H, Faichney A, Flapan A, Hogg KJ, Jeffrey RR, Jennings K, McArthur J, Mankad P, Oldroyd K, Pell AC, Starkey IR. Outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the stent era: a prospective study of all 9890 consecutive patients operated on in Scotland over a two year period. Heart 2001; 85:662-6. [PMID: 11359748 PMCID: PMC1729765 DOI: 10.1136/heart.85.6.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine current outcomes of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN The Scottish coronary revascularisation register provided prospectively collected data on case mix and in-hospital complications for all revascularisation procedures between April 1997 and March 1999 (4775 PTCA; 5115 CABG). Linkage to routine hospital discharge and death data provided follow up information on survival and repeat revascularisation. RESULTS Stents were used in 51% of PTCA procedures. CABG patients were older, had more severe coronary disease, and had greater comorbidity. PTCA was more likely to be undertaken as an urgent or emergency procedure. Perioperative death and urgent surgery followed 0.3% and 0.6% of PTCA procedures, respectively. Case fatality rates were higher following CABG, with 6.7% dead within two years compared with 3.4% following PTCA. PTCA was more often followed by readmission for ischaemic heart disease, repeat angiography, or revascularisation: 22.8% of patients had repeat revascularisation within two years, compared with 1.8% following CABG. CONCLUSIONS The severity of coronary heart disease was greater than in previously published registry studies and randomised trials. Despite this, overall survival figures were comparable and repeat revascularisation rates lower, particularly following PTCA. Perioperative death and urgent surgery following PTCA were also lower. These favourable outcomes may be attributable, in part, to increased use of bail out and elective stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Pell
- Department of Medical Cardiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
We investigated the influence of prey species and nutritional value, in terms of carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, on prey selection by the predatory microflagellate Paraphysomonas vestita. Experiments were conducted with two phytoplankton prey species of similar diameter to remove size-specific grazing effects. Live cells of both low and high C:N ratio (ranging from 4.8 to 14; N-replete and N-deplete, respectively) were offered to the predator either individually or in combination. By utilising analytical flow cytometry, we were able to enumerate the two prey species and, hence, study selective predation in the mixed-prey assemblage. In single prey experiments, the maximum observed ingestion rates were found to be higher, at all prey C:N ratios, when Isochrysis galbana was the prey item when compared to Pavlova lutheri, whilst maximum specific predator division rates were similar for both prey. Ingestion rates were influenced by prey nutrient status, higher values being observed with N-replete than N-deplete prey. When the two prey species were presented to P. vestita as a mixture, I. galbana was ingested more rapidly than P. lutheri, although ingestion was found to be suppressed when compared to when this was the sole prey species. Conversely, the presence of I. galbana did not influence the rate of ingestion of P. lutheri. P. vestita was, therefore, able to modify its rate of ingestion on the basis of prey type and prey C:N ratio and to discriminate between alternative prey of similar size in mixed-prey assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H. John
- Centre for Coastal and Marine Sciences, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK
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Raymond E, Faivre S, Weiss G, McGill J, Davidson K, Izbicka E, Kuhn JG, Allred C, Clark GM, Von Hoff DD. Effects of hydroxyurea on extrachromosomal DNA in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:1171-80. [PMID: 11350881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vitro low concentrations of hydroxyurea eliminate double-minute chromosomes (dmins) containing amplified drug-resistance genes and oncogenes from cancer cells. This clinical trial investigated whether a noncytotoxic dose of oral hydroxyurea could reduce the number of dmins in cancer cells in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The high frequency of ascites associated with ovarian cancer facilitated the monitoring of cytogenetic variations with minimal discomfort in patients who required frequent abdominal paracentesis. Sixteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas resistant to conventional cisplatin-based and/or paclitaxel chemotherapy and with ascites requiring frequent abdominal paracentesis were entered in this study. A course of treatment consisted of a single oral dose of 80 mg/kg hydroxyurea every 3 days for 6 weeks. Blood and i.p. levels of hydroxyurea were determined. We monitored the variations of dmins in tumor cells taken from serial abdominal paracenteses. RESULTS The median number of courses administered to the patients was 1 (range, 1--9). In ascites, hydroxyurea concentrations were 610.3 +/- 76.3, 219.8 +/- 85.6, and 86.1 micromol/liter at 4, 24, and 30 h after oral administration, respectively. Eleven (78.6%) of 14 patient specimens contained dmins before therapy. The number of spreads with tumor cells containing dmins were reduced by more than 50% in 5 (45%) of 11 and 3 (60%) of 5 patients at the completion of the first and second course of chemotherapy, respectively. Using tumor cells taken directly from the patients and grown in soft agar, we documented that concentrations of hydroxyurea in ascites were too low to have any cytotoxic effects. No grade 3--4 hydroxyurea-related toxicities nor any objective responses were observed. However, despite the utilization of a low noncytotoxic dose of hydroxyurea, two patients had prolonged stabilization of their disease for 6 and 10 months, respectively, with concomitant decreases in the number of dmins that remained until progression. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that, in some circumstances, a noncytotoxic dose of hydroxyurea given to patients with ovarian cancer can decrease the number of metaphase spreads containing dmins in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raymond
- Institute for Drug Development-Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas 78245-3217, USA.
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Hammond LA, Davidson K, Lawrence R, Camden JB, Von Hoff DD, Weitman S, Izbicka E. Exploring the mechanisms of action of FB642 at the cellular level. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001; 127:301-13. [PMID: 11355145 DOI: 10.1007/s004320000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
FB642(methyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, carbendazim) is a systemic fungicide belonging to the benzimidazole family with antitumor activity against a broad spectrum of tumors both in vitro and in vivo such as pancreas, prostate, colon, and breast. Although the preclinical antitumor activity of FB642 has been well explored, its mechanism of action has not been as well delineated. Previous studies indicate that FB642 may interfere with mitosis and thus may disrupt or inhibit microtubule function resulting in apoptosis. This study seeks to determine if FB642 is a sufficiently novel agent worthy of further development by examining the effect of FB642 on apoptosis, the cell cycle, p53-positive and -negative tumors, and drug-resistant and MDR cell lines. The results of this present study indicate that FB642 increases the degree of apoptosis in all examined tumor cell lines, may induce G2/M uncoupling, may selectively kill p53 abnormal cells, and exhibits antitumor activity in drug- and multidrug-resistant cell lines. The induction of apoptosis by FB642, particularly in p53-deficient cells, its impressive in vivo activity against a broad spectrum of murine and human tumors, as well as an acceptable toxicity profile in animals, make FB642 an excellent candidate for further evaluation in clinical trials in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hammond
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, 8122 Datapoint Drive 650, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social functioning is an important outcome dimension in schizophrenia. Measures of social skills frequently rely on self-report, and most measures which directly assess social functioning are time consuming. Here we describe a brief performance-based measure, the Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA), modified from an instrument published by Bellack et al. (Bellack, A., Morrison, R., Wixted, J., Mueser, K., 1990. An analysis of social competence in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 156, 809--818). METHOD 83 middle-aged and elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 52 normal comparison subjects (NCs) were rated on two standardized role plays, one requiring introduction to a stranger and another requiring assertive behavior with their landlord. Ratings in eight areas ranging from 'social appropriateness' to 'grooming' were made. RESULTS SSPA required about 12 min to complete both role play and ratings, and had excellent interrater reliability, and good test-retest reliability. Patients demonstrated significantly greater disability in all areas of social functioning compared with NCs. Social performance was related to severity of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, but not that of positive or depressive symptoms. SSPA scores were significantly correlated with health-related quality of well-being and observed performance on activities of daily living, but not to a self-reported measure of social functioning. CONCLUSION The SSPA is a reliable and useful instrument. Direct assessment of social skills may provide a more accurate picture of functioning than self-report measures among patients who frequently lack insight into their own behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0680, USA.
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Abstract
The possibility that certain psychologic factors lead to hypertension has been considered by many investigators over the past 60 years, but prospective studies with suitable methods to evaluate this hypothesis were not available for analysis until the 1990s. There are now five large longitudinal studies demonstrating a relation between symptoms of anxiety or depression and subsequent hypertension incidence. Anger expression, long considered a major psychologic factor in hypertension, has been studied less extensively, and the findings to date are less consistent. While some evidence supports the biological plausibility of psychologic factors as risk factors for hypertension, biobehavioral mechanisms explaining the relationship have not been adequately explored. The results of these recent studies may lead to new intervention trials specifically selecting hypertensive patients with anxiety or depression for treatment with stress reduction or other appropriate psychologic therapies. Such studies would further contribute to the evaluation of anxiety and depression as risk factors for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Markovitz
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35205, USA.
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Gidron Y, Davidson K, Ilia R. Development and cross-cultural and clinical validation of a brief comprehensive scale for assessing hostility in medical settings. J Behav Med 2001; 24:1-15. [PMID: 11296467 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005631819744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development and validation of a brief comprehensive hostility scale. Two items of each subscale from the Buss-Perry (1992) Aggression Questionnaire, most strongly correlated with their subscale score, were selected, yielding the eight-item New-Buss. Internal reliability was .66 to .81, and full and brief scales correlated r = .92 to .94. In Study 1 (95 Israeli students), New-Buss scores were significantly higher in self-rated deviant or speeding drivers than nondeviant or nonspeeding drivers, respectively. In Study 2 (279 American students), New-Buss scores correlated significantly with Barefoot's Ho, Anger-Out, Anger-In, and Agreeableness. In Study 3 (79 Israeli patients undergoing angiography), New-Buss scores were significantly correlated with coronary artery disease severity independent of SBP in men below age 60 alone but not in women. Our findings support the cross-cultural feasibility, reliability, and concurrent, construct, and criterion validity of the New-Buss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gidron
- Department of Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Be'er Sheeba 84105, Israel.
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