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Kouzounis D, Nguyen KA, Klostermann CE, Soares N, Kabel MA, Schols HA. The action of endo-xylanase and endo-glucanase on cereal cell wall polysaccharides and its implications for starch digestion kinetics in an in vitro poultry model. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121861. [PMID: 38388057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Endo-xylanase and endo-glucanase are supplemented to poultry diets in order to improve nutrient digestion and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fermentation. Here, the action of these enzymes on alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) from wheat and maize grains as well as its implications for starch digestion in milled grains were evaluated in vitro, under conditions mimicking the poultry digestive tract. For wheat AIS, GH11 endo-xylanase depolymerized soluble arabinoxylan (AX) during the gizzard phase, and proceeded to release insoluble AX under small intestine conditions. At the end of the in vitro digestion (480 min), the endo-xylanase, combined with a GH7 endo-β-1,4-glucanase, released 30.5 % of total AX and 18.1 % of total glucan in the form of arabinoxylo- and gluco-oligosaccharides, as detected by HPAEC-PAD and MALDI-TOF-MS. For maize AIS, the combined enzyme action released 2.2 % and 7.0 % of total AX and glucan, respectively. Analogous in vitro digestion experiments of whole grains demonstrated that the enzymatic release of oligomers coincided with altered grain microstructure, as examined by SEM. In the present study, cell wall hydrolysis did not affect in vitro starch digestion kinetics for cereal grains. This study contributes to understanding the action of feed enzymes on cereal NSP under conditions mimicking the poultry digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouzounis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Khoa A Nguyen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia E Klostermann
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands; Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Nguyen KA, Hennebelle M, van Duynhoven JPM, Dubbelboer A, Boerkamp VJP, Wierenga PA. Mechanistic kinetic modelling of lipid oxidation in vegetable oils to estimate shelf-life. Food Chem 2024; 433:137266. [PMID: 37666121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the shelf-life of vegetable oils is important to develop solutions to reduce spoilage by lipid oxidation. Typically, the shelf-life is predicted by detecting secondary oxidation markers in accelerated shelf-life tests, which are time-consuming. Existing numerical approaches using early primary oxidation products as predictive markers do not account for variations in fatty acid types, antioxidants, or storage conditions. A mechanistic kinetic model was developed incorporating these factors as a step towards shelf-life prediction for vegetable oils. Specific kinetic constants for the reactions of each unsaturated fatty acid type account for variations in fatty acid composition, and oxygen mass transfer accounts for variations in oxygen conditions. A second acceleration of lipid oxidation observed in long-term storage experiments was described by a multiplication factor for the kinetic constants related to oxidation products. Our model accurately extrapolates short-time experimental data to estimate long term formation of oxidation products under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Unilever Food Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biophysics, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Dubbelboer
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J P Boerkamp
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Wierenga
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Lemke LK, Cicali EJ, Williams R, Nguyen KA, Cavallari LH, Wiisanen K. Clinician Response to Pharmacogenetic Clinical Decision Support Alerts. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1350-1357. [PMID: 37716912 PMCID: PMC10726431 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize clinician response following standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) clinical decision support alerts at University of Florida (UF) Health. A retrospective analysis of all PGx alerts that fired at a tertiary academic medical center from August 2020 through May 2022 was performed. Alert acceptance rate was calculated and compared across six gene-drug pairs, patient care setting, and clinician specialty. The disposition of the triggering medication was compared with the alert response and evaluated for congruence. There were a total of 818 alerts included for analysis of alert response, 557 alerts included in acceptance rate calculations, and 392 alerts with sufficient information to assess clinical response. The overall acceptance rate was 63%. The alert response and clinical response were congruent for 47% of alerts. Alert response was influenced by the triggering gene-drug pair, clinician specialty, patient care setting, and specialty of the provider who initially ordered the PGx test. Clinical response was mostly incongruent with alert response. Alert acceptance is influenced by the triggering gene-drug pair, clinician specialty, and care setting. Alert response is not a reliable surrogate marker for clinical action. Any future research into the impact of clinical decision support (CDS) alerts should focus on clinical response rather than alert response. Given the reliance on CDS alerts to enhance uptake of PGx, it is worthwhile to further investigate their impact on prescribing and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Lemke
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Emily J Cicali
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Roy Williams
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Khoa A Nguyen
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kristin Wiisanen
- Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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4
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Nguyen KA, DePledge LN, Bian L, Ke Y, Samedi V, Berning AA, Owens P, Wang XJ, Young CD. Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase gamma are critical to tobacco-mimicking oral carcinogenesis in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007110. [PMID: 37734878 PMCID: PMC10514604 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease most often associated with tobacco consumption that induces a field of mutations from which a tumor arises. Identification of ways to prevent the emergence of cancer in high-risk patients is an ultimate goal for combatting all types of cancer, including OSCC. METHODS Our study employs a mouse model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), to establish tongue dysplasia and OSCC. We use conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, mass cytometry, novel cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3Kγ, T-cell suppression assays and mouse transplant models in our functional experimentation. RESULTS In our study, we identify Ly6G+ granulocytes as the most abundant immune cell type in a model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic 4NQO. Targeting Ly6G+ granulocytes with a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3Kγ, an isoform of PI3K exclusively expressed by myeloid cells, resulted in reduced tongue dysplasia severity, and reduced rates of OSCC. Importantly, we performed functional assays with the Ly6G+ granulocytes induced in cell line models of 4NQO carcinogenesis to demonstrate that these granulocytes have increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) activity against T-cell proliferation and these PMN-MDSCs play a functional role in promoting tumor formation by inhibiting tumor regression in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that recruitment of PMN-MDSCs to sites of dysplasia is critical to immune suppression of CD8 T cells, thereby permitting malignancy, and PI3Kγ inhibitors are one mechanism to reduce PMN-MDSC recruitment, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa N DePledge
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Ke
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Von Samedi
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber A Berning
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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5
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Norris M, Dalton R, Alam B, Eddy E, Nguyen KA, Cavallari LH, Sumfest J, Wiisanen K, Cicali EJ. Lessons from clinical implementation of a preemptive pharmacogenetic panel as part of a testing pilot program with an employer-sponsored medical plan. Front Genet 2023; 14:1249003. [PMID: 37680199 PMCID: PMC10482099 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1249003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This manuscript reports on a pilot program focused on implementing pharmacogenetic testing within the framework of an employer-sponsored medical plan at University of Florida (UF) Health. The aim was to understand the challenges associated with program implementation and to gather insights into patient attitudes towards PGx testing. Methods: The pilot program adopted a partially preemptive approach, targeting patients on current prescriptions for medications with relevant gene-drug associations. Patients were contacted via phone or through the MyChart system and offered pharmacogenetic testing with no additional direct costs. Results: Of 244 eligible patients, 110 agreed to participate. However, only 61 returned the mailed DNA collection kits. Among these, 89% had at least one potentially actionable genotype-based phenotype. Post-test follow-up revealed that while the majority viewed the process positively, 71% preferred a consultation with a pharmacogenetic specialist for better understanding of their results. Barriers to implementation ranged from fatigue with the healthcare system to a lack of understanding of the pharmacogenetic testing and concerns about privacy and potential misuse of genetic data. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for clearer patient education on pharmacogenetic results and suggest the importance of the role of pharmacogenetic-trained pharmacists in delivering this education. They also highlight issues with relying on incomplete or inaccurate medication lists in patients' electronic health record. The implementation revealed less obvious challenges, the understanding of which could be beneficial for the success of future preemptive pharmacogenetic implementation programs. The insights from the pilot program served to bridge the information gap between patients, providers, and pharmacogenetic -specialists, with the ultimate goal of improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Norris
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rachel Dalton
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Benish Alam
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Eddy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jill Sumfest
- GatorCare Health Management Corporation, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kristin Wiisanen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emily J. Cicali
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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6
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Cavallari LH, Cicali E, Wiisanen K, Fillingim RB, Chakraborty H, Myers RA, Blake KV, Asiyanbola B, Baye JF, Bronson WH, Cook KJ, Elwood EN, Gray CF, Gong Y, Hines L, Kannry J, Kucher N, Lynch S, Nguyen KA, Obeng AO, Pratt VM, Prieto HA, Ramos M, Sadeghpour A, Singh R, Rosenman M, Starostik P, Thomas CD, Tillman E, Dexter PR, Horowitz CR, Orlando LA, Peterson JF, Skaar TC, Van Driest SL, Volpi S, Voora D, Parvataneni HK, Johnson JA. Implementing a pragmatic clinical trial to tailor opioids for acute pain on behalf of the IGNITE ADOPT PGx investigators. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2479-2492. [PMID: 35899435 PMCID: PMC9579394 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid prescribing for postoperative pain management is challenging because of inter-patient variability in opioid response and concern about opioid addiction. Tramadol, hydrocodone, and codeine depend on the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme for formation of highly potent metabolites. Individuals with reduced or absent CYP2D6 activity (i.e., intermediate metabolizers [IMs] or poor metabolizers [PMs], respectively) have lower concentrations of potent opioid metabolites and potentially inadequate pain control. The primary objective of this prospective, multicenter, randomized pragmatic trial is to determine the effect of postoperative CYP2D6-guided opioid prescribing on pain control and opioid usage. Up to 2020 participants, age ≥8 years, scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure will be enrolled and randomized to immediate pharmacogenetic testing with clinical decision support (CDS) for CYP2D6 phenotype-guided postoperative pain management (intervention arm) or delayed testing without CDS (control arm). CDS is provided through medical record alerts and/or a pharmacist consult note. For IMs and PM in the intervention arm, CDS includes recommendations to avoid hydrocodone, tramadol, and codeine. Patient-reported pain-related outcomes are collected 10 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome, a composite of pain intensity and opioid usage at 10 days postsurgery, will be compared in the subgroup of IMs and PMs in the intervention (n = 152) versus the control (n = 152) arm. Secondary end points include prescription pain medication misuse scores and opioid persistence at 6 months. This trial will provide data on the clinical utility of CYP2D6 phenotype-guided opioid selection for improving postoperative pain control and reducing opioid-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Emily Cicali
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Kristin Wiisanen
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of DentistryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Roger B. Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of DentistryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Rachel A. Myers
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathryn V. Blake
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational ResearchNemours Children's HealthJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Wesley H. Bronson
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kelsey J. Cook
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational ResearchNemours Children's HealthJacksonvilleFloridaUSA,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Erica N. Elwood
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Chancellor F. Gray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lindsay Hines
- Brain and Spine CenterSanford HealthFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Joseph Kannry
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Natalie Kucher
- Division of Genomic MedicineNational Human Genome Research Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Sheryl Lynch
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Aniwaa Owusu Obeng
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Victoria M. Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Optum GenomicsMinnetonkaMNUSA
| | - Hernan A. Prieto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Michelle Ramos
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Health Equity ResearchIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Azita Sadeghpour
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Marc Rosenman
- School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Institute of Public Health, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Cameron D. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Emma Tillman
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Paul R. Dexter
- School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Health Equity ResearchIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lori A. Orlando
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Josh F. Peterson
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and MedicineVanderbilt University, Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sara L. Van Driest
- Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Simona Volpi
- Division of Genomic MedicineNational Human Genome Research Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hari K. Parvataneni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Eadon MT, Cavanaugh KL, Orlando LA, Christian D, Chakraborty H, Steen-Burrell KA, Merrill P, Seo J, Hauser D, Singh R, Beasley CM, Fuloria J, Kitzman H, Parker AS, Ramos M, Ong HH, Elwood EN, Lynch SE, Clermont S, Cicali EJ, Starostik P, Pratt VM, Nguyen KA, Rosenman MB, Calman NS, Robinson M, Nadkarni GN, Madden EB, Kucher N, Volpi S, Dexter PR, Skaar TC, Johnson JA, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Horowitz CR. Design and rationale of GUARDD-US: A pragmatic, randomized trial of genetic testing for APOL1 and pharmacogenomic predictors of antihypertensive efficacy in patients with hypertension. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 119:106813. [PMID: 35660539 PMCID: PMC9928488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE APOL1 risk alleles are associated with increased cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. It is unknown whether knowledge of APOL1 risk status motivates patients and providers to attain recommended blood pressure (BP) targets to reduce cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 6650 individuals with African ancestry and hypertension from 13 health systems. INTERVENTION APOL1 genotyping with clinical decision support (CDS) results are returned to participants and providers immediately (intervention) or at 6 months (control). A subset of participants are re-randomized to pharmacogenomic testing for relevant antihypertensive medications (pharmacogenomic sub-study). CDS alerts encourage appropriate CKD screening and antihypertensive agent use. OUTCOMES Blood pressure and surveys are assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is change in systolic BP from enrollment to 3 months in individuals with two APOL1 risk alleles. Secondary outcomes include new diagnoses of CKD, systolic blood pressure at 6 months, diastolic BP, and survey results. The pharmacogenomic sub-study will evaluate the relationship of pharmacogenomic genotype and change in systolic BP between baseline and 3 months. RESULTS To date, the trial has enrolled 3423 participants. CONCLUSIONS The effect of patient and provider knowledge of APOL1 genotype on systolic blood pressure has not been well-studied. GUARDD-US addresses whether blood pressure improves when patients and providers have this information. GUARDD-US provides a CDS framework for primary care and specialty clinics to incorporate APOL1 genetic risk and pharmacogenomic prescribing in the electronic health record. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT04191824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Lori A Orlando
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27720, USA
| | - David Christian
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Chakraborty
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27720, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27720, USA
| | | | - Peter Merrill
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27720, USA
| | - Janet Seo
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diane Hauser
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Family Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Cherry Maynor Beasley
- McKenzie-Elliott School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Jyotsna Fuloria
- Office of Research, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Heather Kitzman
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Baylor University, Robbins Institute for Health Policy & Leadership, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alexander S Parker
- University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Michelle Ramos
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Henry H Ong
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica N Elwood
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sheryl E Lynch
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sabrina Clermont
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily J Cicali
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Khoa A Nguyen
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marc B Rosenman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Neil S Calman
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Family Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ebony B Madden
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Kucher
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simona Volpi
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul R Dexter
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Carol R Horowitz
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Lo-Ciganic WH, Hincapie-Castillo J, Wang T, Ge Y, Jones BL, Huang JL, Chang CY, Wilson DL, Lee JK, Reisfield GM, Kwoh CK, Delcher C, Nguyen KA, Zhou L, Shorr RI, Guo J, Marcum ZA, Harle CA, Park H, Winterstein A, Yang S, Huang PL, Adkins L, Gellad WF. Dosing profiles of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use associated with overdose risk among US Medicare beneficiaries: group-based multi-trajectory models. Addiction 2022; 117:1982-1997. [PMID: 35224799 DOI: 10.1111/add.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS One-third of opioid (OPI) overdose deaths involve concurrent benzodiazepine (BZD) use. Little is known about concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use (OPI-BZD) most associated with overdose risk. We aimed to examine associations between OPI-BZD dose and duration trajectories, and subsequent OPI or BZD overdose in US Medicare. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING US Medicare. PARTICIPANTS Using a 5% national Medicare data sample (2013-16) of fee-for-service beneficiaries without cancer initiating OPI prescriptions, we identified 37 879 beneficiaries (age ≥ 65 = 59.3%, female = 71.9%, white = 87.6%, having OPI overdose = 0.3%). MEASUREMENTS During the 6 months following OPI initiation (i.e. trajectory period), we identified OPI-BZD dose and duration patterns using group-based multi-trajectory models, based on average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for OPIs and diazepam milligram equivalents (DME) for BZDs. To label dose levels in each trajectory, we defined OPI use as very low (< 25 MME), low (25-50 MME), moderate (51-90 MME), high (91-150 MME) and very high (>150 MME) dose. Similarly, we defined BZD use as very low (< 10 DME), low (10-20 DME), moderate (21-40 DME), high (41-60 DME) and very high (> 60 DME) dose. Our primary analysis was to estimate the risk of time to first hospital or emergency department visit for OPI overdose within 6 months following the trajectory period using inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox proportional hazards models. FINDINGS We identified nine distinct OPI-BZD trajectories: group A: very low OPI (early discontinuation)-very low declining BZD (n = 10 598; 28.0% of the cohort); B: very low OPI (early discontinuation)-very low stable BZD (n = 4923; 13.0%); C: very low OPI (early discontinuation)-medium BZD (n = 4997; 13.2%); D: low OPI-low BZD (n = 5083; 13.4%); E: low OPI-high BZD (n = 3906; 10.3%); F: medium OPI-low BZD (n = 3948; 10.4%); G: very high OPI-high BZD (n = 1371; 3.6%); H: very high OPI-very high BZD (n = 957; 2.5%); and I: very high OPI-low BZD (n = 2096; 5.5%). Compared with group A, five trajectories (32.3% of the study cohort) were associated with increased 6-month OPI overdose risks: E: low OPI-high BZD [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.61-6.63]; F: medium OPI-low BZD (HR = 4.04, 95% CI = 2.06-7.95); G: very high OPI-high BZD (HR = 6.98, 95% CI = 3.11-15.64); H: very high OPI-very high BZD (HR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.51-12.85); and I: very high OPI-low BZD (HR = 6.50, 95% CI = 3.15-13.42). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use most associated with overdose risk among fee-for-service US Medicare beneficiaries initiating opioid prescriptions include very high-dose opioid use (MME > 150), high-dose benzodiazepine use (DME > 40) or medium-dose opioid with low-dose benzodiazepine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan Hincapie-Castillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Management Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bobby L Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James L Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ching-Yuan Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Debbie L Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeannie K Lee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gary M Reisfield
- Divisions of Addiction Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry & Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chian K Kwoh
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chris Delcher
- Pharmacy Practice & Science, Institute for Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ronald I Shorr
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Harle
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haesuk Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Almut Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seonkyeong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pei-Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Adkins
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Walid F Gellad
- Center for Pharmaceutical Policy and Prescribing, Health Policy Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research Promotion, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Aleman J, Nguyen KA, Ke Y, Young CD, Wang XJ. Abstract 3834: Assessing the role of extracellular matrix-integrins in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a dismal survival rate. The effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on cancer progression have been long studied, but the roles of specific integrins in the process of HNSCC metastasis remain to be dissected. This study aims to determine how HNSCC cells affect the production of laminin-binding integrins, and how these integrins participate in the ECM interactions necessary for a metastatic phenotype.
Experimental design: Our laboratory has produced syngeneic mouse SCC cell lines, P029 and A223, derived from Keratin15+ stem cells with Smad4 loss and KrasG12D mutation. In syngeneic recipients, SCCs derived from P029 cells transplanted to the flank mouse skin produced spontaneous metastases to the lung while SCCs derived from A223 cells did not form metastases. Having the same genotype, these cell lines serve as models to examine cancer cell interactions with the ECM and resulting effects on invasion and metastasis. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was performed to compare cultured metastatic P029 cells versus non-metastatic A223 cells and identify differentially expressed genes that regulate SCC cells and ECM interactions. Immunoassays and functional invasion assays were performed to evaluate ECM-cancer cell signaling and influence on cancer cell invasion in these two cell lines.
Results: RNAseq analysis revealed that, relative to A223 cells, P029 cells have increased levels of integrins, the main mechanoreceptors for numerous ECM ligands and matrix proteins. Laminin-binding integrins, including integrins α4 and β6, were greater at the RNA and protein levels. Additionally, P029 cells expressed higher levels of fibronectin and laminin coding genes compared to non-metastatic A223 cells. Correlatively, high expression of these matrix proteins is associated with worse patient survival. Additionally, P029 SCC cells displayed differential gene expression of tight and apical junctions, PI3K signaling components, and regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling. Furthermore, ELISA and western blot analysis revealed that P029 has aberrant TGFβ-Smad signaling as indicated by the elevated release of TGFβ-1 protein and higher levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 relative to non-metastatic A223. Treating P029 cells with TGFβ-1 significantly increased their motility and invasion. Conversely, migration and motility of P029 cells were radically reduced by the TGFβ inhibitor galunisertib. Additionally, the mouse cytokine array revealed that mouse plasma bearing P029 tumors had a greater circulation of CXCL16, MMP-9, proliferin, and serpin E1. These proteins are associated with ECM remodeling and metastasis in HNSCC.
Conclusions: SCC cells with metastatic properties upregulate integrins which bind to non-collagen matrix proteins and have elevated invasive and migratory capacity contributed from activated TGFβ signaling.
Citation Format: John Aleman, Khoa A. Nguyen, Yao Ke, Christian D. Young, Xiao-Jing Wang. Assessing the role of extracellular matrix-integrins in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3834.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aleman
- 1The University of Colorado Anschutz Medival Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- 1The University of Colorado Anschutz Medival Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Yao Ke
- 1The University of Colorado Anschutz Medival Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- 1The University of Colorado Anschutz Medival Campus, Aurora, CO
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10
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Nguyen KA, Keith MJ, Keysar SB, Hall SC, Bimali A, Jimeno A, Wang XJ, Young CD. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in precancerous keratinocytes promotes neighboring head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cell-like properties and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor insensitivity. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:664-676. [PMID: 35417043 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption that induce a "precancerous field," with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling being a common driver. However, the preclinical effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors has not necessarily translated to remarkable benefit in HNSCC patients. Thus, we sought to determine how precancerous keratinocytes influence HNSCC proliferation, cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, and response to PI3K inhibitors. We used the NOK keratinocyte cell line as a model of preneoplastic keratinocytes because it harbors two frequent genetic events in HNSCC, CDKN2A promoter methylation and TP53 mutation, but does not form tumors. NOK cell coculture or NOK cell-conditioned media promoted HNSCC proliferation, PI3K inhibitor resistance, and CSC phenotypes. SOMAscan-targeted proteomics determined the relative levels of >1300 analytes in the media conditioned by NOK cells and HNSCC cells ± PI3K inhibitor. These results demonstrated that NOK cells release abundant levels of ligands that activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), two receptor tyrosine kinases with oncogenic activity. Inhibition of EGFR, but not FGFR, blunted PI3K inhibitor resistance and CSC phenotypes induced by NOK cells. Our results demonstrate that precancerous keratinocytes can directly support neighboring HNSCC by activating EGFR. Importantly, PI3K inhibitor sensitivity was not necessarily a cancer cell-intrinsic property, and the tumor microenvironment impacts therapeutic response and supports CSCs. Additionally, combined inhibition of EGFR with PI3K inhibitor diminished EGFR activation induced by PI3K inhibitor and potently inhibited cancer cell proliferation and CSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Madison J Keith
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Spencer C Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anamol Bimali
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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11
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Grande KJ, Dalton R, Moyer NA, Arwood MJ, Nguyen KA, Sumfest J, Ashcraft KC, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Assessment of a Manual Method versus an Automated, Probability-Based Algorithm to Identify Patients at High Risk for Pharmacogenomic Adverse Drug Outcomes in a University-Based Health Insurance Program. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020161. [PMID: 35207649 PMCID: PMC8878761 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared patient cohorts selected for pharmacogenomic testing using a manual method or automated algorithm in a university-based health insurance network. The medication list was compiled from claims data during 4th quarter 2018. The manual method selected patients by number of medications by the health system’s list of medications for pharmacogenomic testing. The automated method used YouScript’s pharmacogenetic interaction probability (PIP) algorithm to select patients based on the probability that testing would result in detection of one or more clinically significant pharmacogenetic interactions. A total of 6916 patients were included. Patient cohorts selected by each method differed substantially, including size (manual n = 218, automated n = 286) and overlap (n = 41). The automated method was over twice as likely to identify patients where testing may reveal a clinically significant pharmacogenetic interaction than the manual method (62% vs. 29%, p < 0.0001). The manual method captured more patients with significant drug–drug or multi-drug interactions (80.3% vs. 40.2%, respectively, p < 0.0001), higher average number of significant drug interactions per patient (3.3 vs. 1.1, p < 0.0001), and higher average number of unique medications per patient (9.8 vs. 7.4, p < 0.0001). It is possible to identify a cohort of patients who would likely benefit from pharmacogenomic testing using manual or automated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Dalton
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.N.)
| | | | | | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.N.)
| | - Jill Sumfest
- GatorCare, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | | | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-359-2658
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12
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Elchynski AL, Desai N, D’Silva D, Hall B, Marks Y, Wiisanen K, Cicali EJ, Cavallari LH, Nguyen KA. Utilizing a Human-Computer Interaction Approach to Evaluate the Design of Current Pharmacogenomics Clinical Decision Support. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111227. [PMID: 34834578 PMCID: PMC8618963 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A formal assessment of pharmacogenomics clinical decision support (PGx-CDS) by providers is lacking in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of PGx-CDS tools that have been implemented in a healthcare setting. We enrolled ten prescribing healthcare providers and had them complete a 60-min usability session, which included interacting with two PGx-CDS scenarios using the “Think Aloud” technique, as well as completing the Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ). Providers reported positive comments, negative comments, and suggestions for the two PGx-CDS during the usability testing. Most provider comments were in favor of the current PGx-CDS design, with the exception of how the genotype and phenotype information is displayed. The mean CSUQ score for the PGx-CDS overall satisfaction was 6.3 ± 0.95, with seven strongly agreeing and one strongly disagreeing for overall satisfaction. The implemented PGx-CDS at our institution was well received by prescribing healthcare providers. The feedback collected from the session will guide future PGx-CDS designs for our healthcare system and provide a framework for other institutions implementing PGx-CDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Elchynski
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Nina Desai
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
| | - Danielle D’Silva
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
| | - Bradley Hall
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
| | - Yael Marks
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
| | - Kristin Wiisanen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emily J. Cicali
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.L.E.); (N.D.); (D.D.); (B.H.); (Y.M.); (K.W.); (E.J.C.); (L.H.C.)
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Schneider TM, Eadon MT, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Cavanaugh KL, Nguyen KA, Arwood MJ, Tillman EM, Pratt VM, Dexter PR, McCoy AB, Orlando LA, Scott SA, Nadkarni GN, Horowitz CR, Kannry JL. Multi-Institutional Implementation of Clinical Decision Support for APOL1, NAT2, and YEATS4 Genotyping in Antihypertensive Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060480. [PMID: 34071920 PMCID: PMC8226809 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) is a vitally important adjunct to the implementation of pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing in clinical practice. A novel CDS was sought for the APOL1, NAT2, and YEATS4 genes to guide optimal selection of antihypertensive medications among the African American population cared for at multiple participating institutions in a clinical trial. (2) Methods: The CDS committee, made up of clinical content and CDS experts, developed a framework and contributed to the creation of the CDS using the following guiding principles: 1. medical algorithm consensus; 2. actionability; 3. context-sensitive triggers; 4. workflow integration; 5. feasibility; 6. interpretability; 7. portability; and 8. discrete reporting of lab results. (3) Results: Utilizing the principle of discrete patient laboratory and vital information, a novel CDS for APOL1, NAT2, and YEATS4 was created for use in a multi-institutional trial based on a medical algorithm consensus. The alerts are actionable and easily interpretable, clearly displaying the purpose and recommendations with pertinent laboratory results, vitals and links to ordersets with suggested antihypertensive dosages. Alerts were either triggered immediately once a provider starts to order relevant antihypertensive agents or strategically placed in workflow-appropriate general CDS sections in the electronic health record (EHR). Detailed implementation instructions were shared across institutions to achieve maximum portability. (4) Conclusions: Using sound principles, the created genetic algorithms were applied across multiple institutions. The framework outlined in this study should apply to other disease-gene and pharmacogenomic projects employing CDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.H.); (J.L.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael T. Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.T.E.); (E.M.T.); (P.R.D.)
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.M.C.-D.); (K.A.N.); (M.J.A.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kerri L. Cavanaugh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Khoa A. Nguyen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.M.C.-D.); (K.A.N.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Meghan J. Arwood
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.M.C.-D.); (K.A.N.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Emma M. Tillman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.T.E.); (E.M.T.); (P.R.D.)
| | - Victoria M. Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Paul R. Dexter
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.T.E.); (E.M.T.); (P.R.D.)
| | - Allison B. McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Lori A. Orlando
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 101 Science Drive, Box 3382, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Stuart A. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- Department of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.H.); (J.L.K.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph L. Kannry
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.H.); (J.L.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Ji-Xu A, Lei DK, Nguyen KA, Yang JJ, Erickson MK, Cheng K, Worswick S, Maloney NJ. The burden of immune-mediated skin disease in inpatients with HIV/AIDS. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:648-650. [PMID: 33887064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ji-Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - D K Lei
- Department of Dermatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K A Nguyen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J J Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M K Erickson
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Worswick
- Department of Dermatology, Keck Medical School at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N J Maloney
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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15
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Seligson ND, Warner JL, Dalton WS, Martin D, Miller RS, Patt D, Kehl KL, Palchuk MB, Alterovitz G, Wiley LK, Huang M, Shen F, Wang Y, Nguyen KA, Wong AF, Meric-Bernstam F, Bernstam EV, Chen JL. Recommendations for patient similarity classes: results of the AMIA 2019 workshop on defining patient similarity. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 27:1808-1812. [PMID: 32885823 PMCID: PMC7671612 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining patient-to-patient similarity is essential for the development of precision medicine in clinical care and research. Conceptually, the identification of similar patient cohorts appears straightforward; however, universally accepted definitions remain elusive. Simultaneously, an explosion of vendors and published algorithms have emerged and all provide varied levels of functionality in identifying patient similarity categories. To provide clarity and a common framework for patient similarity, a workshop at the American Medical Informatics Association 2019 Annual Meeting was convened. This workshop included invited discussants from academics, the biotechnology industry, the FDA, and private practice oncology groups. Drawing from a broad range of backgrounds, workshop participants were able to coalesce around 4 major patient similarity classes: (1) feature, (2) outcome, (3) exposure, and (4) mixed-class. This perspective expands into these 4 subtypes more critically and offers the medical informatics community a means of communicating their work on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Seligson
- University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - William S Dalton
- M2Gen, Tampa, Florida, USA.,H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David Martin
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert S Miller
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Kenneth L Kehl
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matvey B Palchuk
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,TriNetX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura K Wiley
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anthony F Wong
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Elmer V Bernstam
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Nguyen KA, Eadon MT, Yoo R, Milway E, Kenneally A, Fekete K, Oh H, Duong K, Whipple EC, Schleyer TK. Risk Factors for Bleeding and Clinical Ineffectiveness Associated With Clopidogrel Therapy: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:645-655. [PMID: 33202084 PMCID: PMC7993261 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clopidogrel is a frequently used antiplatelet medication to treat and prevent atherothrombotic disease, clinicians must balance its clinical effectiveness with the potential side effect of bleeding. However, many previous studies have evaluated beneficial and adverse factors separately. The objective of our study was to perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of studies of clopidogrel’s clinical effectiveness and/or risk of bleeding in order to identify and assess all reported risk factors, thus helping clinicians to balance patient safety with drug efficacy. We analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of maintenance use in four stages: search for relevant primary articles; abstract and full article screening; quality assessment and data extraction; and synthesis and data analysis. Screening of 7,109 articles yielded 52 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐seven risk factors were identified. “Definite risk factors” were defined as those with aggregated odds ratios (ORs) > 1 and confidence intervals (CIs) > 1 if analyzed in more than one study. Definite risk factors for major bleeding were concomitant aspirin use (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.04–3.94) and long duration of clopidogrel therapy (> 6 months) (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.50). Dual antiplatelet therapy, extended clopidogrel therapy, and high maintenance dose (150 mg/day) of clopidogrel were definite risk factors for any bleeding. Reduced renal function, both mild and severe, was the only definite risk factor for clinical ineffectiveness. These findings can help clinicians predict the risks and effectiveness of clopidogrel use for their patients and be used in clinical decision support tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ryan Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Evan Milway
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Allison Kenneally
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kevin Fekete
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Khanh Duong
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Titus K Schleyer
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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17
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Ndour D, Bouamari H, Berthiller J, Claris O, Plaisant F, Nguyen KA. Adverse events related to ibuprofen treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:452-455. [PMID: 33011033 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to review adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature neonates. METHOD We retrospectively evaluated electronic patient records from neonates treated with ibuprofen for PDA during 5 years in a French neonatal intensive care unit. Full chart review and targeted triggers were used to detect ADRs. The causality between suspected ADRs and medication was evaluated using the WHO causality assessment method by pharmacovigilance experts. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher's test. Quantitative variables were compared using the Student t test. We explored the risk factors associated with ADR using univariate model analysis. RESULT Of 227 infants with a mean gestational age (GA) of 27 weeks (24-33), 12 (5%) developed intestinal perforation and seven, necrotizing enterocolitis (3%). The perforation occurred less frequently in infants older than 27 weeks GA (OR=0.14; 95% CI=0.03-0.66, P=0.01). Other observed ADRs were acute renal failure (25 infants, 11%) and thrombocytopenia (five infants, 2%). CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal complications observed in infants treated with ibuprofen for PDA including gastrointestinal perforations occur in less mature infants. Active chart review of the patient's medical file with a trigger tool should be evaluated for routine ADR monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ndour
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - H Bouamari
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - J Berthiller
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Public Health Department, Lyon, France
| | - O Claris
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - F Plaisant
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - K A Nguyen
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Pharmacotoxicology, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon 1, UMR 5558, CRNS, LBBE, EMET, Lyon, France.
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18
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Kupczynska K, Nguyen KA, Surkova E, Palermo CH, Sambugaro F, Previtero M, Badano LP, Muraru D. 102 Different mechanics of septal and lateral walls and their effects on left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with left bundle-branch block. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Karolina Kupczynska was supported by research grant awarded by the Club 30 of the Polish Cardiac Society
Background
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) impairs left ventricular (LV) mechanics and can lead to systolic dysfunction. However, LV mechanical changes that differentiate LBBB patients with preserved and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) remain to be clarified.
Purpose
To measure myocardial work (MWI) and myocardial work efficiency (MWE) of the septal and LV lateral wall in patients with LBBB and various degrees of LV dysfunction using non-invasive strain-derived method.
Methods
Fifty-eight LBBB patients without coronary artery disease (mean age 65 ± 13 years, 60% male) were divided into 4 groups based on their LVEF according to current recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification (figure A): normal (n= 25), mildly (n= 16), moderately (n= 11), and severely (n= 6) reduced LVEF. Septal and lateral wall MWI and MWE were estimated by LV pressure-strain loop obtained by echocardiography.
Results
Both MWI (787 mmHg%, 95% CI 651-924 vs 1956 mmHg%, 95% CI 1758-2154; p < 0.0001) and MWE (71%, 95% CI 66-76 vs 85%, 95% CI 82-87; p = 0.0001) were lower in the septum than in the lateral wall. There was a progressive decrease in septal MWI and MWE with the worsening of LVEF (figure B). Conversely, MWI and MWE of the lateral wall were preserved in patients with normal, mildly and moderately reduced LVEF groups. A significant reduction of MWI and MWE in the lateral wall was detected only in patients with severely reduced LVEF (figure C).
Conclusion
In patients with LBBB, impairment in septal myocardial work escalates according to LVEF loss. Septal dysfunction was compensated by the effective myocardial work of the lateral wall in patients with normal, mildly and moderately reduced LVEF. Mechanical dysfunction of the lateral wall was associated with severe reduction of LVEF.
Abstract 102 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kupczynska
- University of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua, Italy
| | - K A Nguyen
- University of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua, Italy
| | - E Surkova
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Department of Echocardiography, Cardiac Division, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C H Palermo
- University of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua, Italy
| | - F Sambugaro
- University of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua, Italy
| | - M Previtero
- University of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua, Italy
| | - L P Badano
- Italian Institute for Auxology IRCCS, and University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - D Muraru
- Italian Institute for Auxology IRCCS, and University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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19
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Nguyen KA, Patel H, Haggstrom DA, Zillich AJ, Imperiale TF, Russ AL. Utilizing a user-centered approach to develop and assess pharmacogenomic clinical decision support for thiopurine methyltransferase. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:194. [PMID: 31623616 PMCID: PMC6798472 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A pharmacogenomic clinical decision support tool (PGx-CDS) for thiopurine medications can help physicians incorporate pharmacogenomic results into prescribing decisions by providing up-to-date, real-time decision support. However, the PGx-CDS user interface may introduce errors and promote alert fatigue. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a prototype of a PGx-CDS user interface for thiopurine medications with user-centered design methods. Methods This study had two phases: In phase I, we conducted qualitative interviews to assess providers’ information needs. Interview transcripts were analyzed through a combination of inductive and deductive qualitative analysis to develop design requirements for a PGx-CDS user interface. Using these requirements, we developed a user interface prototype and evaluated its usability (phase II). Results In total, 14 providers participated: 10 were interviewed in phase I, and seven providers completed usability testing in phase II (3 providers participated in both phases). Most (90%) participants were interested in PGx-CDS systems to help improve medication efficacy and patient safety. Interviews yielded 11 themes sorted into two main categories: 1) health care providers’ views on PGx-CDS and 2) important design features for PGx-CDS. We organized these findings into guidance for PGx-CDS content and display. Usability testing of the PGx-CDS prototype showed high provider satisfaction. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to utilize a user-centered design approach to develop and assess a PGx-CDS interface prototype for Thiopurine Methyltransferase (TPMT). This study provides guidance for the development of a PGx-CDS, and particularly for biomarkers such as TPMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Himalaya Patel
- Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David A Haggstrom
- Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alan J Zillich
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas F Imperiale
- Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alissa L Russ
- Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Nguyen KA, Keith MJ, Wang XJ, Young CD. Abstract LB-313: Precancerous keratinocytes promote neighboring HNSCC cancer stem cell-like properties and PI3K inhibitor insensitivity via EGFR. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-lb-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and HNSCC patients have relatively few effective treatment options. Genomic analyses of HNSCCs have demonstrated that genes encoding components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway are amongst the most frequently mutated and amplified. Because PI3K drives cancer cell proliferation and survival, PI3K inhibitors are being evaluated as anti-cancer therapeutic agents. However, the preclinical effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors has not necessarily translated to remarkable benefit in cancer patients. A large proportion of HNSCC is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption that induce genetic lesions in a field of mucosa, the “precancerous field”. Carcinomas often arise from this precancerous field. Thus, we sought to determine how precancerous keratinocytes influence HNSCC proliferation, cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance and response to PI3K inhibitors. The keratinocyte cell line NOK harbors CDKN2A promoter methylation and TP53 mutation (two frequent genetic events in HNSCC), but does not form tumors. Thus, we used NOK cells as a model of precancerous keratinocytes and examined their effect on two different HNSCC cell lines, CAL27 and UMSCC1. NOK cells promoted HNSCC proliferation and PI3K inhibitor resistance in co-culture assays. Similarly, NOK cell conditioned media applied to recipient HNSCC cells promoted proliferation, PI3K inhibitor resistance and CSC phenotypes. We utilized SOMAscan, a targeted proteomics platform, to determine the relative levels of >1,300 analytes in the media conditioned by NOK cells and control cells in the presence and absence of PI3K inhibitor. These results demonstrated that NOK cells release abundant levels of ligands that activate EGFR and FGFR, two receptor tyrosine kinases with oncogenic activity. Inhibition of EGFR, but not FGFR, blunted PI3K inhibitor resistance and CSC phenotypes induced by NOK cells. Our results demonstrate that precancerous keratinocytes directly support neighboring HNSCC by activating EGFR. Importantly, PI3K inhibitor sensitivity is not necessarily a cancer cell-intrinsic property and the tumor microenvironment impacts therapeutic response and supports CSCs. Additionally, combined inhibition of EGFR with PI3K inhibitor diminishes EGFR activation induced by PI3K inhibitor and potently inhibits cancer cell proliferation and CSC maintenance. We are currently establishing mouse models of the oral precancerous field and testing its influence on HNSCC and immune cell function.
Citation Format: Khoa A. Nguyen, Madison J. Keith, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christian D. Young. Precancerous keratinocytes promote neighboring HNSCC cancer stem cell-like properties and PI3K inhibitor insensitivity via EGFR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A. Nguyen
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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21
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Wu FL, Nolan K, Strait AA, Bian L, Nguyen KA, Wang JH, Jimeno A, Zhou HM, Young CD, Wang XJ. Macrophages Promote Growth of Squamous Cancer Independent of T cells. J Dent Res 2019; 98:896-903. [PMID: 31189369 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519854734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers, primarily squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), progress either slowly or aggressively. Here we assessed the role of macrophages in SCC behavior. We used mouse SCC cells derived from tumors harboring a KrasG12D activation mutation and Smad4 deletion in keratin 15-positive stem cells and a human oral SCC cell line, FaDu, which has NRAS amplification and SMAD4 deletion. SCC cells were transplanted into immune-compromised or immune-competent (syngeneic) recipients. After tumors were established, we used clodronate liposomes to ablate macrophages. We found that the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was not affected by the presence of T cells but differed considerably among tumors derived from different SCC lines. Clodronate significantly reduced TAMs and splenic macrophages, resulting in reduced SCC volumes. Tumors with clodronate treatment did not show decreased proliferation but did exhibit increased apoptosis and reduced vascular density. FLIP (Fas-associated via death domain-like interleukin 1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein), an apoptosis inhibitor abundantly produced in tumor cells and TAMs, was reduced in tumor cells of clodronate-treated mice. Reduced FLIP levels correlated with reductions in phosphorylated nuclear NFκB p65 and NFκB inhibitor attenuated FLIP protein levels in SCC cells. Furthermore, TGFβ1 serum levels and pSmad3 were reduced in clodronate-treated mice, but their reductions were insufficient to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition or TGFβ-mediated angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Consequently, metastasis was not significantly reduced by macrophage reduction. However, reduced pSmad3 correlated with reduction of its transcriptional target, vascular endothelial growth factor A, in clodronate-treated tumor cells, which correlated with reduced vascular density in clodronate-treated tumors. Taken together, our study revealed that macrophages contribute to SCC expansion through interactions with tumor cells but are dispensable for SCC metastasis. Our study provides novel insights into understanding the contributions and limitations of TAMs in SCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Nolan
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A A Strait
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L Bian
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K A Nguyen
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J H Wang
- 3 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Jimeno
- 4 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H M Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C D Young
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - X J Wang
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,5 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Benahmed-Canat A, Plaisant F, Riche B, Rabilloud M, Canat G, Paret N, Claris O, Kassai B, Nguyen KA. Postsurgery analgesic and sedative drug use in a French neonatal intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective cohort study. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:145-150. [PMID: 30885601 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe pain assessment, the pattern of analgesic and sedative drug use, and adverse drug reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the postsurgery phase. METHOD Demographic characteristics, pain scores, and drug use were extracted and analyzed from electronic patient medical files for infants after surgery, admitted consecutively between January 2012 and June 2013. RESULT One hundred and sixty-eight infants were included. Acute (DAN score) and prolonged (EDIN score) pain assessment scores were used in 79% and 64% of infants, respectively, on the 1st day. This percentage decreased over the 7 days following surgery. The weekly average scores postsurgery were 2/15 (±2.2) for the EDIN score and 1.6/10 (±2.0) for the DAN score. The rates of pain control were 88% for the EDIN and 72% for the DAN. The most prescribed opiate drug was fentanyl (98 patients; 58%) with an average dose of 1.8 (±0.6) μg/kg/h. Midazolam was used in 95 patients (56%), with an average dose of 35 (±14) μg/kg/h. A bolus was administered in 7% (±7.4) of the total dose for fentanyl and 8% (±9.3) for midazolam. Similar doses were used in term and preterm neonates. Of 118 patients receiving fentanyl and/or midazolam, 40% presented urinary retention, 28% a weaning syndrome. Paracetamol (155 patients; 92%) and nalbuphine (55 patients; 33%) were the other medications most often prescribed. CONCLUSION The off-label use of fentanyl and midazolam was necessary to treat pain after surgery. Pain assessment should be conducted for all neonates in order to optimize their treatment. Research on analgesic and sedative medicine in vulnerable neonates seems necessary to standardize practices and reduce adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benahmed-Canat
- Department of Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - F Plaisant
- Department of Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - B Riche
- Department of Biostastistics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - M Rabilloud
- Department of Biostastistics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - G Canat
- Liberal general practitioner, France
| | - N Paret
- UMR 5558, LBBE, Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Université de Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - O Claris
- Department of Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France; EA 4129, Université de Lyon 1, France
| | - B Kassai
- UMR 5558, LBBE, Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Université de Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - K A Nguyen
- Department of Neonatology, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France; UMR 5558, LBBE, Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Université de Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France.
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23
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Nguyen KA, Förster H, Adaskaveg JE. Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in California and Characterization of Epidemiological Factors for Olive Knot Development. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1718-1724. [PMID: 30125179 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1709-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive knot, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, is a limiting disease in the production of table and oil olives in California. The genetic variability among 152 strains from major production areas of California was determined using BOX, ERIC, and REP primers in repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Overall genetic variability was low, and strains shared at least 82% similarity. Phenetic analyses identified several genotypes but most strains belonged to one of two major groups. Three copper-resistant strains had two fingerprints that were distinct from any of the sensitive strains, indicating that they may have been introduced from other production areas or hosts. In inoculations, two copper-resistant strains were mostly equally as virulent as two copper-sensitive strains. Inoculum was exuded at high levels (>108 CFU/g of knot tissue) within 10 min from hydrated olive knots, and concentrations were 2- to 3-log higher than the minimum needed to induce knot formation. Arbequina olive was significantly more susceptible to infection and developed a higher incidence of knots on leaf scar and lateral wounds (59.7 to 80.6% incidence) than Manzanillo (47.4 to 68.2% incidence). In wound-healing studies, both types of wounds were less susceptible to infection ≥10 days after injury, indicating a critical period for infection and application of bactericides during favorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - H Förster
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - J E Adaskaveg
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Russ AL, Jahn MA, Patel H, Porter BW, Nguyen KA, Zillich AJ, Linsky A, Simon SR. Usability evaluation of a medication reconciliation tool: Embedding safety probes to assess users’ detection of medication discrepancies. J Biomed Inform 2018; 82:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Nguyen KA, Li L, Lu D, Yazdanparast A, Wang L, Kreutz RP, Whipple EC, Schleyer TK. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of risk factors for statin-induced myopathy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:1099-1109. [PMID: 29785580 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To aid prescribers in assessing a patient's risk for statin-induced myopathy (SIM), we performed a comprehensive review of currently known risk factors and calculated aggregated odds ratios for each risk factor through a meta-analysis. METHODS This meta-analysis was done through four phases: (1) Identification of the relevant primary literature; (2) abstract screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria; (3) detailed review and data extraction; and (4) synthesis and statistical analysis. RESULTS Out of 44 papers analyzed from 836 papers searched from MEDLINE, 18 different potential risk factors were collected, divided into three categories: three demographics (11 papers), ten clinical factors (31 papers), and five pharmacogenetics/biomarkers (12 papers). Risk factors significant for myopathy and/or rhabdomyolysis included age, gender, diabetes, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, certain interacting drugs, and mutations of the SLCO1B1 gene, which encodes a transporter protein in the liver. Several factors, such as gender, race, cardiovascular disease, and the GATM gene, which encodes a protein for creatine synthesis, appeared to be protective in terms of the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive assessment of risk factors can help support clinicians in reducing the incidence of SIM in their patient population on statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Service Research and Development Service (CIN 13-416), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, D6004-02, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deshun Lu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aida Yazdanparast
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rolf P Kreutz
- Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Whipple
- Research and Translational Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Titus K Schleyer
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
Baseline sensitivities were established for kasugamycin and oxytetracycline for 147 strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi collected from olive knots throughout California. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for ≥95% growth inhibition ranged from 1.86 to 11.52 and 0.13 to 0.40 µg/ml for kasugamycin and oxytetracycline, respectively. In copper sensitivity evaluations, 95.3% of the strains collected grew at concentrations of metallic copper equivalent (MCE) of <20 µg/ml, 2.7% grew at MCE between 20 and 30 µg/ml (moderately sensitive), and 2% grew at MCE of 150 µg/ml (resistant). Copper resistance was never reported previously in the olive knot pathogen, and pathogenicity studies confirmed a high virulence of the copper-resistant strains. In comparative field studies, kasugamycin at 200 µg/ml performed equally to the standard copper hydroxide treatment (MCE of 1,260 µg/ml) for reducing knot development on lateral wounds of Arbequina and Manzanillo olive inoculated with a copper-sensitive strain and was better than copper using a highly copper-resistant strain. Oxytetracycline at 200 µg/ml was not as effective as copper or kasugamycin but significantly reduced the disease as compared with the untreated control. Field studies on application timings of copper, kasugamycin, and copper-kasugamycin mixtures to inoculated wounds indicated that treatments within 24 h of inoculation resulted in higher disease control than applications at later times. In greenhouse trials, copper or copper-kasugamycin applied to wounds 7 days before inoculation persisted and reduced knot incidence by >50%. Our findings indicate that kasugamycin is an effective bactericide for controlling olive knot and that the time of any bactericide application after inoculation is critical in managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - H Förster
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - J E Adaskaveg
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Nguyen KA, Förster H, Adaskaveg JE. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as New Sanitizers for Reducing the Spread of the Olive Knot Pathogen on Orchard Equipment. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1188-1193. [PMID: 30682954 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-16-1578-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive knot, caused by the wound pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, is a serious bacterial disease that can be disseminated by orchard equipment. Greenhouse studies confirmed that cutting tools contaminated during contact with olive knots are able to spread the pathogen to healthy olive tissue. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were assessed as sanitizing agents for contaminated equipment as a disease management strategy. In laboratory in vitro tests, QACs exhibited high toxicity against the bacterium over a broad pH range from 6 to 9 using short exposure periods (15 to 60 s) and low concentrations (5 µg/ml). QACs applied to contaminated hard surfaces in the presence of an organic load reduced bacterial recovery by ≥3.6 log10 CFU/ml. In field trials, sanitation of hedging equipment that was contaminated with the pathogen (2 × 107 CFU/ml) and used to prune olives, was successful and sometimes completely prevented new infections from occurring. Application of additional foliar spray treatments of copper or copper-kasugamycin mixtures after hedging significantly improved disease control. In laboratory and field studies, sodium hypochlorite was significantly less effective than QAC compounds in the presence of organic matter. A nonphenolic QAC formulation, however, was ineffective as a preventative treatment when applied prior to inoculation of olive wounds, whereas a copper hydroxide application was highly effective. Based on data from this research, a QAC formulation was registered for field use as a sanitizer for olive equipment in California in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - H Förster
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - J E Adaskaveg
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
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Nguyen KA, Haggstrom DA, Ofner S, Perkins SM, French DD, Myers LJ, Rosenman M, Weiner M, Dixon BE, Zillich AJ. Medication Use among Veterans across Health Care Systems. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8:235-249. [PMID: 28271121 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2016-10-ra-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual healthcare system use can create gaps and fragments of information for patient care. The Department of Veteran Affairs is implementing a health information exchange (HIE) program called the Virtual Lifetime Electronic Record (VLER), which allows providers to access and share information across healthcare systems. HIE has the potential to improve the safety of medication use. However, data regarding the pattern of outpatient medication use across systems of care is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of medication dispensing across VA and non-VA health care systems among a cohort Veteran population. METHODS This study included all Veterans who had two outpatient visits or one inpatient visit at the Indianapolis VA during a 1-year period prior to VLER enrollment. Source of medication data was assessed at the subject level, and categorized as VA, INPC (non-VA), or both. The primary target was identification of sources for medication data. Then, we compared the mean number of prescriptions, as well as overall and pairwise differences in medication dispensing. RESULTS Out of 52,444 Veterans, 17.4% of subjects had medication data available in a regional HIE. On average, 40 prescriptions per year were prescribed for Veterans who used both sources compared to 29 prescriptions per year from VA only and 25 prescriptions per year from INPC only sources. The annualized prescription rate of Veterans in the dual use group was 36% higher than those who had only VA data available and 61% higher than those who had only INPC data available. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that 17.4% of subjects had medication use identified from non-VA sources, including prescriptions for antibiotics, antineoplastics, and anticoagulants. These data support the need for HIE programs to improve coordination of information, with the potential to reduce adverse medication interactions and improve medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Khoa A Nguyen, Pharm.D, Medical Informatics Postdoctoral Fellow, VA HSR&D-CHIC, D6004-2, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, , Phone: (317) 988-4409
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Lajoinie A, Nguyen KA, Mimouni Y, Paret N, Carcel C, Malik S, Milliat-Guittard L, Dode X, Vial T, Kassai B. PS-049 Prospective detection of adverse drug reactions among 2263 hospitalised children over a 19 month period: Eremi intermediate report: Abstract PS-049 Table 1. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000875.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lajoinie A, Henin E, Nguyen KA, Malik S, Mimouni Y, Sapori JM, Bréant V, Cochat P, Kassai B. Oral drug dosage forms administered to hospitalized children: Analysis of 117,665 oral administrations in a French paediatric hospital over a 1-year period. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:336-44. [PMID: 26804927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selecting the most appropriate dosage form, that ensures safe administration and adherence of medications, is a major issue for children. Marketed drugs, however, have rarely been tested for their use in children. There is a need for more data on drug formulations administered to children to identify unmet needs, and drive future paediatric research. We observed, over a 12-month follow-up, 117,665 oral drug administrations to 1998 hospitalized children. Nine-tenths belonged to five Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classes: Alimentary tract & metabolism, Nervous system, Cardiovascular system, Anti-infectives for systemic use and Blood & blood forming organs, one third of drug doses administered to school-age children and adolescents were liquids, and extemporaneous capsules were commonly used in younger children. Our study shows that despite the advantages of solid dosage forms and recent evidence from randomized controlled trials showing their acceptability in infants, they are seldom used in paediatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lajoinie
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; UMR CNRS 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, University of Lyon 1, France.
| | - E Henin
- UMR CNRS 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, University of Lyon 1, France
| | - K A Nguyen
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - S Malik
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Y Mimouni
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - J M Sapori
- Toxicovigilance and Poison Control Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - V Bréant
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - P Cochat
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hopital Femme Mere Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - B Kassai
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-INSERM 1407, EPICIME, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; UMR CNRS 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, University of Lyon 1, France
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Ramos-Junior ES, Morandini AC, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Franco EJ, Potempa J, Nguyen KA, Oliveira AC, Zamboni DS, Ojcius DM, Scharfstein J, Coutinho-Silva R. A Dual Role for P2X7 Receptor during Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1233-42. [PMID: 26152185 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515593465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role for purinergic signaling in the activation of multiprotein intracellular complexes called inflammasomes, which control the release of potent inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) -1β and -18. Porphyromonas gingivalis is intimately associated with periodontitis and is currently considered one of the pathogens that can subvert the immune system by limiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We recently showed that P. gingivalis can dampen eATP-induced IL-1β secretion by means of its fimbriae in a purinergic P2X7 receptor-dependent manner. Here, we further explore the role of this purinergic receptor during eATP-induced IL-1β processing and secretion by P. gingivalis-infected macrophages. We found that NLRP3 was necessary for eATP-induced IL-1β secretion as well as for caspase 1 activation irrespective of P. gingivalis fimbriae. Additionally, although the secretion of IL-1β from P. gingivalis-infected macrophages was dependent on NLRP3, its adaptor protein ASC, or caspase 1, the cleavage of intracellular pro-IL-1β to the mature form was found to occur independently of NLRP3, its adaptor protein ASC, or caspase 1. Our in vitro findings revealed that P2X7 receptor has a dual role, being critical not only for eATP-induced IL-1β secretion but also for intracellular pro-IL-1β processing. These results were relevant in vivo since P2X7 receptor expression was upregulated in a P. gingivalis oral infection model, and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 were detected in draining lymph node cells from P2rx7(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor and NLRP3 transcription were modulated in human chronic periodontitis. Overall, we conclude that the P2X7 receptor has a role in periodontal immunopathogenesis and suggest that targeting of the P2X7/NLRP3 pathway should be considered in future therapeutic interventions in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Ramos-Junior
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A C Morandini
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C L C Almeida-da-Silva
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E J Franco
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - K A Nguyen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A C Oliveira
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D S Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Scharfstein
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Coutinho-Silva
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sodium butyrate (NaB), a major short-chain fatty acid produced in the human gut by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, enhances transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling and potentiates its tumor suppressor activity in the gut. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The molecular mechanisms by which dietary fiber decreases the risk of colon cancers are poorly characterized. TGF-beta is an important tumor suppressor in the gut and has many similar biologic activities as NaB. Therefore, we hypothesized that the chemo-preventive effects of NaB are mediated in part by enhancing TGF-beta signaling and its tumor suppressor function in the gut. METHODS The effects of NaB on Smad3 expression in rat intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells and 6 human colon cancer cell lines were examined. The effects of NaB on TGF-beta-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression were also examined in RIE-1 cells. Finally, the effects of NaB and TGF-beta on anchorage-independent growth were examined in Akt-transformed RIE-1 cells. RESULTS NaB induced Smad3 in RIE-1 cells and in 4 human colon cancer cell lines. NaB enhanced TGF-beta-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and potentiated TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression. NaB and TGF-beta synergistically inhibited anchorage-independent growth of Akt-transformed RIE-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that NaB induces Smad3 and potentiates TGF-beta signaling and its tumor suppressor activity in gut epithelial cells. Our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism that may explain in part the beneficial effects of dietary fiber in decreasing the risk of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, USA
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Nguyen KA, Carbone JM, Silva VM, Chen C, Hennig GE, Whiteley HE, Manautou JE. The PPAR activator docosahexaenoic acid prevents acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A 1999; 58:171-186. [PMID: 10522648 DOI: 10.1080/009841099157377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatocellular necrosis can be prevented by treatment with peroxisome proliferators. This protection is associated with lowered protein arylation and glutathione depletion in mice. Peroxisome proliferators have been shown to activate nuclear receptors. These receptors, termed peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), can also be activated by free fatty acids. This study was designed to determine if treatment with the PPAR activator docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) would also lower APAP toxicity. Male CD-1 mice received 250 mg DHA/kg or 500 mg clofibrate (CFB)/kg, i.p., for 5 d. Controls received corn oil vehicle, i.p. After overnight fasting, mice received 800 mg APAP/kg, p.o. At 24 h after APAP, hepatotoxicity was evident in control mice by elevated plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase activity (SDH) and histologic evidence of hepatic degeneration and necrosis. As expected, CFB pretreatment significantly decreased this. Similarly, DHA protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity at 24 h after challenge. However, treatment with DHA did not increase hepatic glutathione prior to APAP, as previously shown with CFB. Interestingly, DHA did not increase palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase activity or other biochemical parameters associated with peroxisome proliferation after 5 d of treatment at 250 mg/kg. No significant alterations in microsomal APAP glucuronidation or cytochrome P-450-mediated bioactivation were detected either. Collectively, these results show that DHA also prevents APAP-induced hepatotoxicity at 24 h after challenge. However, the association between resistance against APAP-induced liver injury, PPAR activation, and peroxisome proliferation is not clearly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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Abstract
The current model of T cell activation requires two signals. The first signal is specific, requiring T cell receptor recognition and binding to MHC/Antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell. The second signal is nonspecific, resulting from the binding of B7 ligand on the antigen-presenting cell with its receptor, CD28, on the T cell. If both signals are provided, the T cell will proliferate and secrete cytokines. Recently, it has been shown that CTLA4, another receptor for B7 that is upregulated following T cell after activation, can deliver an inhibitory signal, downregulating T cell proliferation. The B7 family of ligands has two family members, B7-1 and B7-2. They both bind to CD28 and CTLA4, but they differ in their binding affinity, structure, and temporal expression. Considerable research has been done on the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway. Different ways of manipulating this pathway could provide insights into the mechanism and treatment of opposing pathological states. Blocking the CD28/B7 pathway could result in immunosuppression, with implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and graft vs. host disease. Activating the CD28/B7 pathway could be useful for including the immune system to recognize and eliminate tumors that evade the immune system. Finally, the CD28/B7 pathway could be involved with maintaining immune tolerance, as recent studies suggest the preferential binding of the B7-CTLA4 pathway results in the down-regulation of the responding T cells. Thus, the B7/CD28/CTLA4 pathway has the ability to both positively and negatively regulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Greenfield
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Teoh G, Urashima M, Greenfield EA, Nguyen KA, Lee JF, Chauhan D, Ogata A, Treon SP, Anderson KC. The 86-kD subunit of Ku autoantigen mediates homotypic and heterotypic adhesion of multiple myeloma cells. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:1379-88. [PMID: 9502780 PMCID: PMC508693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that triggering multiple myeloma (MM) cells via CD40 induces IL-6-mediated autocrine growth as well as increased expression of cell surface adhesion molecules including CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, and CD18. In this study, we generated the 5E2 mAb which targets an antigen that is induced upon CD40 ligand (CD40L) activation of MM cells. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and protein sequencing studies identified the target antigen of 5E2 mAb as the 86-kD subunit of the Ku autoantigen. We demonstrate that increased cell surface expression of Ku on CD40L-treated cells is due to migration of Ku from the cytoplasm to the cell surface membrane. Moreover, cell surface Ku on CD40L-treated MM cells mediates homotypic adhesion of tumor cells, as well as heterotypic adhesion of tumor cells to bone marrow stromal cells and to human fibronectin; and 5E2 mAb abrogates IL-6 secretion triggered by tumor cell adherence to bone marrow stromal cells. These data suggest that CD40L treatment induces a shift of Ku from the cytoplasm to the cell surface, and are the first to show that Ku functions as an adhesion molecule. They further suggest that cell surface Ku may play a role in both autocrine and paracrine IL-6-mediated MM cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Teoh
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
The defining feature of autoimmune disease is the presence of specific autoreactive lymphocytes. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), for example, is characterized by a discrete set of antibodies directed to nuclear antigens; these include autoantibodies to DNA and snRNPs that are diagnostic for SLE. The murine model of SLE, the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse, likewise, has a similar autoantibody profile. To understand how SLE-associated autoantibodies are regulated in healthy individuals and to identify mechanisms underlying their expression in autoimmunity, we have developed a transgenic (tg) model system using multiple sets of tgs. The development of B cells bearing these tgs has been studied in BALB/c and MRL-lpr/lpr autoimmune backgrounds, and the relative fates of anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA tg B cells when they are a part of a diverse as well as monoclonal B cell repertoire have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erikson
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Roark JH, Bui A, Nguyen KA, Mandik L, Erikson J. Persistence of functionally compromised anti-double-stranded DNA B cells in the periphery of non-autoimmune mice. Int Immunol 1997; 9:1615-26. [PMID: 9418123 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/9.11.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both anti-single-stranded (ss) and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies are associated with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but only anti-dsDNA antibodies are considered one of the diagnostic criteria. Using Ig transgenes coding for anti-DNA we have determined the fate of anti-dsDNA B cells in a non-autoimmune environment. In a Rag-2 wild-type background, B cells expressing the anti-dsDNA Ig transgenes are present in the spleen but dsDNA specificity is disrupted due to expression of endogenous L chains. In a Rag-2-deficient background where co-expression of endogenous Ig is blocked, splenic B cells expressing only the anti-dsDNA transgene Ig are present, indicating that endogenous Ig expression is not required for bone marrow export. The anti-dsDNA B cells that persist are profoundly crippled in that they are unable to proliferate to lipopolysaccharide or anti-Ig stimulation. Furthermore, these anti-dsDNA Ig transgene B cells show a decreased lifespan relative to non-transgene BALB/c B cells. Persistence of anti-dsDNA B cells in the periphery of non-autoimmune mice raises the possibility that their appearance in the context of SLE is due to their reactivation by T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Roark
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Nguyen KA, Mandik L, Bui A, Kavaler J, Norvell A, Monroe JG, Roark JH, Erikson J. Characterization of anti-single-stranded DNA B cells in a non-autoimmune background. J Immunol 1997; 159:2633-44. [PMID: 9300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-DNA Abs are prevalent in the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of SLE, but are generally absent in normal individuals. We have studied the regulation of anti-ssDNA B cells in a non-autoimmune (BALB/c) background by using Ig transgenes (Tgs) encoding anti-DNA Abs. In one case, they are present with other non-DNA-binding B cells (the VH3H9 Tg with endogenous light chains); in the other, they are present as an essentially monospecific population (VH3H9/Vkappa8). We have previously observed that serum anti-ssDNA levels in these Tg mice were no higher than those of non-Tg mice, despite the fact that anti-ssDNA B cells dominate the peripheral B cell repertoire. These results suggested that the anti-ssDNA Tg B cells present are functionally inactivated. In this paper, we isolate B cells from VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg mice to show that this is indeed the case and go on to further define this state. We demonstrate that VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells have diminished Ig secretion in response to both T-independent and T-dependent stimuli compared with non-Tg controls. VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells also show suboptimal proliferation in response to anti-IgM F(ab)'2 fragments and LPS, and are phenotypically distinct in expressing decreased total surface Ig. Despite their functional defects, however, VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells have an in vivo turnover rate comparable to non-Tg B cells, suggesting that they are long lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Nguyen KA, Mandik L, Bui A, Kavaler J, Norvell A, Monroe JG, Roark JH, Erikson J. Characterization of anti-single-stranded DNA B cells in a non-autoimmune background. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.6.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-DNA Abs are prevalent in the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of SLE, but are generally absent in normal individuals. We have studied the regulation of anti-ssDNA B cells in a non-autoimmune (BALB/c) background by using Ig transgenes (Tgs) encoding anti-DNA Abs. In one case, they are present with other non-DNA-binding B cells (the VH3H9 Tg with endogenous light chains); in the other, they are present as an essentially monospecific population (VH3H9/Vkappa8). We have previously observed that serum anti-ssDNA levels in these Tg mice were no higher than those of non-Tg mice, despite the fact that anti-ssDNA B cells dominate the peripheral B cell repertoire. These results suggested that the anti-ssDNA Tg B cells present are functionally inactivated. In this paper, we isolate B cells from VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg mice to show that this is indeed the case and go on to further define this state. We demonstrate that VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells have diminished Ig secretion in response to both T-independent and T-dependent stimuli compared with non-Tg controls. VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells also show suboptimal proliferation in response to anti-IgM F(ab)'2 fragments and LPS, and are phenotypically distinct in expressing decreased total surface Ig. Despite their functional defects, however, VH3H9/Vkappa8 Tg B cells have an in vivo turnover rate comparable to non-Tg B cells, suggesting that they are long lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nguyen
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - L Mandik
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Bui
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Kavaler
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Norvell
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J G Monroe
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J H Roark
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Erikson
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Abstract
Mice homozygous for the lpr mutation have B and T cell defects and develop autoantibodies, suggesting that lpr plays a role in their genesis. The lpr defect has been identified as a mutation in the apoptosis-associated Fas receptor (FasR) gene. To begin to define the role of FasR in B cells, we have surveyed FasR expression on B-lineage cells from early progenitors in the bone marrow through their maturation in the periphery. Contrary to some reports, we found that FasR is expressed on B cells at all stages of their development and is highest on germinal center B cells. FasR is not expressed on lpr!lpr-derived cells. These data are consistent with the idea that lpr/lpr mice have an intrinsic B cell defect that may be manifested in developing as well as peripheral B cells. An unexpected finding is that B-1 (CD5) B cells do not constitutively express FasR: FasR becomes detectable on B-1 B cells only after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mandik
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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43
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Jacobson BA, Panka DJ, Nguyen KA, Erikson J, Abbas AK, Marshak-Rothstein A. Anatomy of autoantibody production: dominant localization of antibody-producing cells to T cell zones in Fas-deficient mice. Immunity 1995; 3:509-19. [PMID: 7584141 DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the in vivo site of autoantibody production in normal and autoimmune-prone mice. B cells were identified in tissue sections with IgM- and IgG2a-specific riboprobes that readily distinguished resting cells from antibody-forming cells (AFC). In normal mice, the few identifiable IgG2a-secreting cells were found in the red pulp. By contrast, in Ipr mice exceedingly high numbers of IgG2a and autoantibody-producing cells were found deep within the T cell-rich periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS). This unusual anatomic location of autoantibody-secreting B cells is unique to Fas dysregulated strains, since IgG2-producing cells in MRL/+ and (SWR x NZB)F1 mice were found predominantly in the red pulp or outer PALS, similar to normal mice. Furthermore, analysis of spleens from Ipr and non-Ipr anti-DNA immunoglobulin transgenic mice revealed dramatic accumulation of Tg+ cells in the inner PALS only in Ipr mice. These data suggest that in the absence of Fas, autoreactive B cells accumulate in T cell-rich zones, and this anatomic feature may contribute to autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Jacobson
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Roark JH, Kuntz CL, Nguyen KA, Mandik L, Cattermole M, Erikson J. B cell selection and allelic exclusion of an anti-DNA Ig transgene in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have used an Ig transgene (VH3H9) that increases the frequency of anti-DNA autoantibodies to address whether the production of antinuclear Abs in systemic lupus erythematosus is the consequence of a breakdown of B cell tolerance. We have shown that nonautoimmune mice regulate anti-DNA B cells, and that lupus-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice are defective in this regulation. Here we show that a subset of anti-DNA B cells, namely those that stain nuclei in a homogeneous fashion, not only fail to be deleted in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, but undergo preferential clonal expansion. In addition, we describe a surprising finding: the VH3H9 transgene is less efficient at inhibiting endogenous heavy chain gene rearrangement on the autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr genetic background than on the nonautoimmune BALB/c background.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Roark
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C L Kuntz
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K A Nguyen
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - L Mandik
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - J Erikson
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Roark JH, Kuntz CL, Nguyen KA, Mandik L, Cattermole M, Erikson J. B cell selection and allelic exclusion of an anti-DNA Ig transgene in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 1995; 154:4444-55. [PMID: 7722301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have used an Ig transgene (VH3H9) that increases the frequency of anti-DNA autoantibodies to address whether the production of antinuclear Abs in systemic lupus erythematosus is the consequence of a breakdown of B cell tolerance. We have shown that nonautoimmune mice regulate anti-DNA B cells, and that lupus-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice are defective in this regulation. Here we show that a subset of anti-DNA B cells, namely those that stain nuclei in a homogeneous fashion, not only fail to be deleted in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, but undergo preferential clonal expansion. In addition, we describe a surprising finding: the VH3H9 transgene is less efficient at inhibiting endogenous heavy chain gene rearrangement on the autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr genetic background than on the nonautoimmune BALB/c background.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Roark
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies, specifically those that stain nuclei in a homogenous nuclear (HN) fashion, are diagnostic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the MRL-lpr/lpr SLE murine model. We have used a heavy chain transgene that increases the frequency of anti-HN antibodies to address whether their production in SLE is the consequence of a defect in B cell tolerance. Anti-HN B cells were undetectable in nonautoimmune-prone transgenic mice, but in MRL-lpr/lpr transgenic mice their Ig was evident in the sera and they were readily retrievable as hybridomas. We conclude that nonautoimmune animals actively delete anti-HN-specific B cells, and that MRL-lpr/lpr mice are defective in this process possibly because of the lpr defect in the fas gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Roark
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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47
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Sidman CL, Luther EA, Marshall JD, Nguyen KA, Roopenian DC, Worthen SM. Increased expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on lymphocytes from aged mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:7624-8. [PMID: 3313400 PMCID: PMC299352 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported age-related changes in immune responses that could be due to alterations in lymphoid cell numbers or functions. Here we report the results of studies using immunofluorescent staining and in vitro assays of cellular function to compare the expression of cell surface antigens on lymphocytes from mice up to 2 years of age. No significant changes were observed in the frequencies of spleen cells bearing class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, surface immunoglobulin, or Thy-1, Ly-1, Ly-2, or L3T4 antigens. However, the densities (per cell) of both class I and class II MHC antigens were increased significantly on cells from aged as compared to young mice, whereas the densities of the other cell surface antigens studied were unchanged or slightly decreased. The increased levels of MHC antigen expression in old relative to young mice were shown to be functionally significant regarding immunological stimulation. These data suggest that T-cell clones silent in young individuals may be activated in comparable situations in older animals, leading to immunological alterations perhaps including increased autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Sidman
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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48
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Mullan NA, Carter EA, Nguyen KA. Secretion of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytic cells from bovine non-lactating mammary glands. Res Vet Sci 1986; 41:365-70. [PMID: 3809729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells from non-lactating bovine mammary glands have the capacity to secrete hydrogen peroxide when exposed to the soluble membrane stimulant phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Unfractionated cell suspensions, containing mainly neutrophils and macrophages, and cell monolayers enriched for macrophages secreted hydrogen peroxide. A correlation was observed between the amount of hydrogen peroxide secreted, the antibacterial activity of the cells and the number of neutrophils present in the cell suspensions. Pre-exposure of cells to PMA significantly impaired their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus suggesting the importance of oxygen metabolism in the bactericidal capacity of these cells.
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49
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Mullan NA, Carter EA, Nguyen KA. Phagocytic and bactericidal properties of bovine macrophages from non-lactating mammary glands. Res Vet Sci 1985; 38:160-6. [PMID: 4001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages were isolated from the mammary glands of non-lactating (dry) cows and their ability to phagocytose and kill staphylococci in vitro assessed. Normal bovine serum enhanced the uptake of staphylococci and was required for optimal killing in the bactericidal test. Dry gland secretion interfered with uptake. Secretions taken progressively into the dry period became more inhibitory. The phagocytic ability of macrophages was significantly less than that of neutrophils present in the same gland preparation when tested in the presence of dry gland secretion. A marked variation in the antibacterial activity of macrophages from different cows was noted.
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