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Briggs EN, Lynch ME. The Role of Osteocytes in Pre-metastatic Niche Formation. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:105-114. [PMID: 38198034 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), in which primary cancer cells prime the distant site to be favorable to their engraftment and survival, may help explain the strong osteotropism observed in multiple cancers, such as breast and prostate. PMN formation, which includes extracellular matrix remodeling, increased angiogenesis and vascular permeability, enhanced bone marrow-derived cell recruitment and immune suppression, has mostly been described in soft tissues. In this review, we summarize current literature of PMN formation in bone. We also present evidence of a potential role for osteocytes to be the primary mediators of PMN development. RECENT FINDINGS Osteocytes regulate the bone microenvironment in myriad ways beyond canonical bone tissue remodeling, including changes that contribute to PMN formation. Perilacunar tissue remodeling, which has been observed in both bone and non-bone metastatic cancers, is a potential mechanism by which osteocyte-cancer cell signaling stimulates changes to the bone microenvironment. Osteocytes also protect against endothelial permeability, including that induced by cancer cells, in a loading-mediated process. Finally, osteocytes are potent regulators of cells within the bone marrow, including progenitors and immune cells, and might be involved in this aspect of PMN formation. Osteocytes should be examined for their role in PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Briggs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maureen E Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Warmington E, Smith G, Chortis V, Liang R, Lippert J, Steinhauer S, Landwehr LS, Hantel C, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Wierman ME, Altieri B, Foster PA, Ronchi CL. PLK1 inhibitors as a new targeted treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230403. [PMID: 37992487 PMCID: PMC10762563 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a promising drug target; PLK1 inhibitors (PLK1i) have been investigated in solid cancers and are more effective in TP53-mutated cases. We evaluated PLK1 expression in ACC samples and the efficacy of two PLK1i in ACC cell lines with different genetic backgrounds. PLK1 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples and correlated with clinical data. The efficacy of rigosertib (RGS), targeting RAS/PI3K, CDKs and PLKs, and poloxin (Pol), specifically targeting the PLK1 polo-box domain, was tested in TP53-mutated NCI-H295R, MUC-1, and CU-ACC2 cells and in TP53 wild-type CU-ACC1. Effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and viability were determined. PLK1 immunostaining was stronger in TP53-mutated ACC samples vs wild-type (P = 0.0017). High PLK1 expression together with TP53 mutations correlated with shorter progression-free survival (P= 0.041). NCI-H295R showed a time- and dose-dependent reduction in proliferation with both PLK1i (P< 0.05at 100 nM RGS and 30 µM Pol). In MUC-1, a less pronounced decrease was observed (P< 0.05at 1000 nM RGS and 100 µM Pol). 100 nM RGS increased apoptosis in NCI-H295R (P< 0.001), with no effect on MUC-1. CU-ACC2 apoptosis was induced only at high concentrations (P < 0.05 at 3000 nM RGS and 100 µM Pol), while proliferation decreased at 1000 nM RGS and 30 µM Pol. CU-ACC1 proliferation reduced, and apoptosis increased, only at 100 µM Pol. TP53-mutated ACC cell lines demonstrated better response to PLK1i than wild-type CU-ACC1. These data suggest PLK1i may be a promising targeted treatment of a subset of ACC patients, pre-selected according to tumour genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Warmington
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gabrielle Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Chortis
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raimunde Liang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich (TMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Lippert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Steinhauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Landwehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Amani V, Riemondy KA, Fu R, Griesinger AM, Grimaldo E, De Sousa GR, Gilani A, Hemenway M, Foreman NK, Donson AM, Willard N. Integration of single-nuclei RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and histochemistry defines the complex microenvironment of NF1-associated plexiform neurofibromas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:158. [PMID: 37770931 PMCID: PMC10537467 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is a leading cause of morbidity in children with the genetic condition Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), often disfiguring or threatening vital structures. During formation of PN, a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) develops, with recruitment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types being critical for growth and progression. Due to the cohesive cellularity of PN, single-cell RNA-sequencing is difficult and may result in a loss of detection of critical cellular subpopulations. To bypass this barrier, we performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 8 frozen PN samples, and integrated this with spatial transcriptomics (ST) in 4 PN samples and immunohistochemistry to provide morphological context to transcriptomic data. SnRNA-seq analysis definitively charted the heterogeneous cellular subpopulations in the PN TME, with the predominant fraction being fibroblast subtypes. PN showed a remarkable amount of inter-sample homogeneity regarding cellular subpopulation proportions despite being resected from a variety of anatomical locations. ST analysis identified distinct cellular subpopulations which were annotated using snRNA-seq data and correlated with histological features. Schwann cell/fibroblast interactions were identified by receptor/ligand interaction analysis demonstrating a high probability of Neurexin 1/Neuroligin 1 (NRXN1/NLGN1) receptor-ligand cross-talk predicted between fibroblasts and non-myelinated Schwann cells (NM-SC) and subtypes, respectively. We observed aberrant expression of NRXN1 and NLGN1 in our PN snRNA-seq data compared to a normal mouse sciatic nerve single-cell RNA-seq dataset. This pathway has never been described in PN and may indicate a clear and direct communication pathway between putative NM-SC cells of origin and surrounding fibroblasts, potentially driving disease progression. SnRNA-seq integrated with spatial transcriptomics advances our understanding of the complex cellular heterogeneity of PN TME and identify potential novel communication pathways that may drive disease progression, a finding that could provide translational therapy options for patients with these devastating tumors of childhood and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Amani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kent A Riemondy
- RNA Biosciences Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Enrique Grimaldo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Graziella Ribeiro De Sousa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Molly Hemenway
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Willard
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Rose MM, Nassar KW, Sharma V, Schweppe RE. AKT-independent signaling in PIK3CA-mutant thyroid cancer mediates resistance to dual SRC and MEK1/2 inhibition. Med Oncol 2023; 40:299. [PMID: 37713162 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive disease with 90% of patients succumbing to this disease 1 year after diagnosis. The approval of the combination therapy of a BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib has improved the overall survival of ATC patients. However, resistance to therapy remains a major problem. We have previously demonstrated combined inhibition of Src with dasatinib and MEK1/2 with trametinib synergistically inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in BRAF- and RAS-mutant thyroid cancer cells, however PIK3CA-mutant cells exhibit a mixed response. Herein, we determined that AKT is not a major mediator of sensitivity and instead PIK3CA-mutants that are resistant to combined dasatinib and trametinib have sustained activation of PDK1 signaling. Furthermore, combined inhibition of PDK1 and MEK1/2 was sufficient to reduce cell viability. These data indicate PDK1 inhibition is a therapeutic option for PIK3CA mutations that do not respond to combined Src and MEK1/2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Rose
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kelsey W Nassar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vibha Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca E Schweppe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Nguyen KA, DePledge LN, Bian L, Ke Y, Samedi V, Berning AA, Owens P, Wang XJ, Young CD. Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase gamma are critical to tobacco-mimicking oral carcinogenesis in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007110. [PMID: 37734878 PMCID: PMC10514604 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease most often associated with tobacco consumption that induces a field of mutations from which a tumor arises. Identification of ways to prevent the emergence of cancer in high-risk patients is an ultimate goal for combatting all types of cancer, including OSCC. METHODS Our study employs a mouse model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), to establish tongue dysplasia and OSCC. We use conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, mass cytometry, novel cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3Kγ, T-cell suppression assays and mouse transplant models in our functional experimentation. RESULTS In our study, we identify Ly6G+ granulocytes as the most abundant immune cell type in a model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic 4NQO. Targeting Ly6G+ granulocytes with a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3Kγ, an isoform of PI3K exclusively expressed by myeloid cells, resulted in reduced tongue dysplasia severity, and reduced rates of OSCC. Importantly, we performed functional assays with the Ly6G+ granulocytes induced in cell line models of 4NQO carcinogenesis to demonstrate that these granulocytes have increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) activity against T-cell proliferation and these PMN-MDSCs play a functional role in promoting tumor formation by inhibiting tumor regression in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that recruitment of PMN-MDSCs to sites of dysplasia is critical to immune suppression of CD8 T cells, thereby permitting malignancy, and PI3Kγ inhibitors are one mechanism to reduce PMN-MDSC recruitment, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa N DePledge
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Ke
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Von Samedi
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber A Berning
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Martinez P, Nault G, Steiner J, Wempe MF, Pierce A, Brunt B, Slade M, Song JJ, Mongin A, Song KH, Ellens N, Serkova N, Green AL, Borden M. MRI-guided focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier opening increases drug delivery and efficacy in a diffuse midline glioma mouse model. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad111. [PMID: 37795179 PMCID: PMC10547466 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most common and deadliest pediatric brainstem tumor and is difficult to treat with chemotherapy in part due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles (MBs) have been shown to cause BBB opening, allowing larger chemotherapeutics to enter the parenchyma. Panobinostat is an example of a promising in vitro agent in DIPG with poor clinical efficacy due to low BBB penetrance. In this study, we hypothesized that using FUS to disrupt the BBB allows higher concentrations of panobinostat to accumulate in the tumor, providing a therapeutic effect. Methods Mice were orthotopically injected with a patient-derived diffuse midline glioma (DMG) cell line, BT245. MRI was used to guide FUS/MB (1.5 MHz, 0.615 MPa peak negative pressure, 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 10-ms pulse length, 3 min treatment time)/(25 µL/kg, i.v.) targeting to the tumor location. Results In animals receiving panobinostat (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with FUS/MB, a 3-fold increase in tumor panobinostat concentration was observed, without significant increase of the drug in the forebrain. In mice receiving 3 weekly treatments, the combination of panobinostat and FUS/MB led to a 71% reduction of tumor volumes (P = .01). Furthermore, we showed the first survival benefit from FUS/MB improved delivery increasing the mean survival from 21 to 31 days (P < .0001). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that FUS-mediated BBB disruption can increase the delivery of panobinostat to an orthotopic DMG tumor, providing a strong therapeutic effect and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton Martinez
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Genna Nault
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenna Steiner
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Breauna Brunt
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mathew Slade
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane J Song
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Mongin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kang-Ho Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas Ellens
- Alpheus Medical, Inc., Chanhassen, Minnesota, USA
- Acertara Acoustic Labs, Longmont, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalie Serkova
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Green
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Borden
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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7
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Marquardt V, Theruvath J, Pauck D, Picard D, Qin N, Blümel L, Maue M, Bartl J, Ahmadov U, Langini M, Meyer FD, Cole A, Cruz-Cruz J, Graef CM, Wölfl M, Milde T, Witt O, Erdreich-Epstein A, Leprivier G, Kahlert U, Stefanski A, Stühler K, Keir ST, Bigner DD, Hauer J, Beez T, Knobbe-Thomsen CB, Fischer U, Felsberg J, Hansen FK, Vibhakar R, Venkatraman S, Cheshier SH, Reifenberger G, Borkhardt A, Kurz T, Remke M, Mitra S. Tacedinaline (CI-994), a class I HDAC inhibitor, targets intrinsic tumor growth and leptomeningeal dissemination in MYC-driven medulloblastoma while making them susceptible to anti-CD47-induced macrophage phagocytosis via NF-kB-TGM2 driven tumor inflammation. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005871. [PMID: 36639156 PMCID: PMC9843227 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While major advances have been made in improving the quality of life and survival of children with most forms of medulloblastoma (MB), those with MYC-driven tumors (Grp3-MB) still suffer significant morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to explore multimodal therapeutic regimens which are effective and safe for children. Large-scale studies have revealed abnormal cancer epigenomes caused by mutations and structural alterations of chromatin modifiers, aberrant DNA methylation, and histone modification signatures. Therefore, targeting epigenetic modifiers for cancer treatment has gained increasing interest, and inhibitors for various epigenetic modulators have been intensively studied in clinical trials. Here, we report a cross-entity, epigenetic drug screen to evaluate therapeutic vulnerabilities in MYC amplified MB, which sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by targeting the CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) innate checkpoint pathway. METHODS We performed a primary screen including 78 epigenetic inhibitors and a secondary screen including 20 histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to compare response profiles in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT, n=11), MB (n=14), and glioblastoma (n=14). This unbiased approach revealed the preferential activity of HDACi in MYC-driven MB. Importantly, the class I selective HDACi, CI-994, showed significant cell viability reduction mediated by induction of apoptosis in MYC-driven MB, with little-to-no activity in non-MYC-driven MB, AT/RT, and glioblastoma in vitro. We tested the combinatorial effect of targeting class I HDACs and the CD47-SIRPa phagocytosis checkpoint pathway using in vitro phagocytosis assays and in vivo orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS CI-994 displayed antitumoral effects at the primary site and the metastatic compartment in two orthotopic mouse models of MYC-driven MB. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway induction as a response to CI-994 treatment, followed by transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) expression, which enhanced inflammatory cytokine secretion. We further show interferon-γ release and cell surface expression of engulfment ('eat-me') signals (such as calreticulin). Finally, combining CI-994 treatment with an anti-CD47 mAb targeting the CD47-SIRPα phagocytosis checkpoint enhanced in vitro phagocytosis and survival in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest a dynamic relationship between MYC amplification and innate immune suppression in MYC amplified MB and support further investigation of phagocytosis modulation as a strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Marquardt
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Theruvath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for StemCell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David Pauck
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Blümel
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mara Maue
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartl
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulvi Ahmadov
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maike Langini
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke-Dorothee Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Allison Cole
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Claus M Graef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for StemCell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen T Keir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane B Knobbe-Thomsen
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Samuel H Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang D, Veo B, Pierce A, Fosmire S, Madhavan K, Balakrishnan I, Donson A, Alimova I, Sullivan KD, Joshi M, Erlander M, Ridinger M, Foreman NK, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R. A novel PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib effectively sensitizes MYC-driven medulloblastoma to radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:414-426. [PMID: 34477871 PMCID: PMC8917408 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) is often accompanied by MYC amplification. PLK1 is an oncogenic kinase that controls cell cycle and proliferation and has been preclinically validated as a cancer therapeutic target. Onvansertib (PCM-075) is a novel, orally available PLK1 inhibitor, which shows tumor growth inhibition in various types of cancer. We aim to explore the effect of onvansertib on MYC-driven medulloblastoma as a monotherapy or in combination with radiation. METHODS Crisper-Cas9 screen was used to discover essential genes for MB tumor growth. Microarray and immunohistochemistry on pediatric patient samples were performed to examine the expression of PLK1. The effect of onvansertib in vitro was measure by cell viability, colony-forming assays, extreme limiting dilution assay, and RNA-Seq. ALDH activity, cell-cycle distribution, and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Medulloblastoma xenografts were generated to explore the monotherapy or radio-sensitizing effect. RESULTS PLK1 is overexpressed in Group 3 MB. The IC50 concentrations of onvansertib in Group 3 MB cell lines were in a low nanomolar range. Onvansertib reduced colony formation, cell proliferation, stem cell renewal and induced G2/M arrest in vitro. Moreover, onvansertib in combination with radiation increased DNA damage and apoptosis compared with radiation treatment alone. The combination radiotherapy resulted in marked tumor regression in xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the efficacy of a novel PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib in vitro and in xenografts of Group 3 MB, which suggests onvansertib is an effective strategy as monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy in MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bethany Veo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ilango Balakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Corresponding Author: Rajeev Vibhakar, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA ()
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Nieto-Torres JL, Durgan J, Franco-Romero A, Grumati P, Guardia CM, Leidal AM, Mandell MA, Towers CG, Wang F. The Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center international eSymposium - an early-career investigators' seminar series during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259268. [PMID: 34622922 PMCID: PMC8520733 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center organized a globally accessible, virtual eSymposium during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The conference included presentations from scientific leaders, as well as a career discussion panel, and provided a much-needed platform for early-career investigators (ECIs) to showcase their research in autophagy. This Perspective summarizes the science presented by the ECIs during the event and discusses the lessons learned from a virtual meeting of this kind during the pandemic. The meeting was a learning experience for all involved, and the ECI participants herein offer their thoughts on the pros and cons of virtual meetings as a modality, either as standalone or hybrid events, with a view towards the post-pandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Nieto-Torres
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Anais Franco-Romero
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0502, USA
| | - Michael A Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Christina G Towers
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA
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Nolan K, Verzosa G, Cleaver T, Tippimanchai D, DePledge LN, Wang XJ, Young C, Le A, Doebele R, Li H, Malkoski SP. Development of syngeneic murine cell lines for use in immunocompetent orthotopic lung cancer models. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:417. [PMID: 32874131 PMCID: PMC7455907 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunocompetent animal models are required to study tumor-host interactions, immunotherapy, and immunotherapeutic combinations, however the currently available immunocompetent lung cancer models have substantial limitations. While orthotopic models potentially help fill this gap, the utility of these models has been limited by the very small number of murine lung cancer cell lines capable of forming orthotopic tumors in immunocompetent C57BL/6 hosts. METHODS Primary lung tumors with specific genetic alterations were created in C57BL/6 background mice. These tumors were then passaged through other animals to increase tumorigenicity and select for the ability to grow in a non-self animal. Once tumors demonstrated growth in a non-self host, cell lines were established. Successful cell lines were evaluated for the ability to produce orthotopic lung tumors in immunocompetent hosts. RESULTS We produced six murine lung cancer lines capable of orthotopic lung tumor formation in immunocompetent C57BL/6 animals. These lines demonstrate the expected genetic alterations based on their primary tumor genetics. CONCLUSIONS These novel cell lines will be useful for evaluating tumor-host interactions, the impact of specific oncogenic alterations on the tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapeutic approaches. This method of generating murine lines capable of orthotopic growth can likely be applied to other tumors and will broaden the applicability of pre-clinical testing of immunotherapeutic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nolan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Gregory Verzosa
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Tim Cleaver
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Darinee Tippimanchai
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Lisa N. DePledge
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Christian Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anh Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Robert Doebele
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Howard Li
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Stephen P. Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, Room #9112, Mail stop C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Sound Critical Care, Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, WA USA
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Mukherjee N, Amato CM, Skees J, Todd KJ, Lambert KA, Robinson WA, Van Gulick R, Weight RM, Dart CR, Tobin RP, McCarter MD, Fujita M, Norris DA, Shellman YG. Simultaneously Inhibiting BCL2 and MCL1 Is a Therapeutic Option for Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2182. [PMID: 32764384 PMCID: PMC7464298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop treatments for patients with melanoma who are refractory to or ineligible for immune checkpoint blockade, including patients who lack BRAF-V600E/K mutations. This is often the case in patients diagnosed with rare melanoma subtypes such as mucosal and acral melanoma. Here, we analyzed data from the cutaneous melanoma The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) transcriptomic and proteomic databases for differential expression of apoptosis molecules between melanomas with or without BRAF hotspot mutations. Our data indicated higher B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression in melanoma without BRAF hotspot mutations, suggesting that BH3 mimetics, such as ABT-199 (venetoclax, a small molecule against BCL2), may be a potential therapeutic option for these patients. We explored the efficacy of combining two BH3 mimetics, ABT-199 and a myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) inhibitor (S63845 or S64315/MIK665) in cutaneous, mucosal and acral melanomas, in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate this combination induced cell death in a broad range of melanoma cell lines, including melanoma initiating cell populations, and was more potent in melanoma cells without BRAF-V600E/K mutations. Our knockdown/knockout experiments suggest that several pro-apoptotic BCL2 family members, BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator) (BIM), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (NOXA) or BID, play a role in the combination-induced effects. Overall, our study supports the rationale for combining an MCL1 inhibitor with a BCL2 inhibitor as a therapeutic option in patients with advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Carol M. Amato
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.M.A.); (W.A.R.); (R.V.G.); (R.M.W.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Jenette Skees
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Kaleb J. Todd
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Karoline A. Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
| | - William A. Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.M.A.); (W.A.R.); (R.V.G.); (R.M.W.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Robert Van Gulick
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.M.A.); (W.A.R.); (R.V.G.); (R.M.W.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Ryan M. Weight
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.M.A.); (W.A.R.); (R.V.G.); (R.M.W.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Chiara R. Dart
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.M.A.); (W.A.R.); (R.V.G.); (R.M.W.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Richard P. Tobin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
- Dermatology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David A. Norris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
- Dermatology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Yiqun G. Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8127, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.); (K.J.T.); (K.A.L.); (M.F.); (D.A.N.)
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Lang J, Capasso A, Jordan KR, French JD, Kar A, Bagby SM, Barbee J, Yacob BW, Head LS, Tompkins KD, Freed BM, Somerset H, Clark TJ, Pitts TM, Messersmith WA, Eckhardt SG, Wierman ME, Leong S, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K. Development of an Adrenocortical Cancer Humanized Mouse Model to Characterize Anti-PD1 Effects on Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5568436. [PMID: 31513709 PMCID: PMC7947837 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has transformed treatment strategies of several human malignancies, research models to study immunotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are lacking. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of anti-PD1 immunotherapy on the alteration of the immune milieu in ACC in a newly generated preclinical model and correlate with the response of the matched patient. DESIGN, SETTING, AND INTERVENTION To characterize the CU-ACC2-M2B patient-derived xenograft in a humanized mouse model, evaluate the effect of a PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and compare it with the CU-ACC2 patient with metastatic disease. RESULTS Characterization of the CU-ACC2-humanized cord blood-BALB/c-Rag2nullIl2rγnullSirpaNOD model confirmed ACC origin and match with the original human tumor. Treatment of the mice with pembrolizumab demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition (60%) compared with controls, which correlated with increased tumor infiltrating lymphocyte activity, with an increase of human CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05), HLA-DR+ T cells (P < 0.05) as well as Granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells (<0.001). In parallel, treatment of the CU-ACC2 patient, who had progressive disease, demonstrated a partial response with 79% to 100% reduction in the size of target lesions, and no new sites of metastasis. Pretreatment analysis of the patient's metastatic liver lesion demonstrated abundant intratumoral CD8+ T cells by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the first humanized ACC patient-derived xenograft mouse model, which may be useful to define mechanisms and biomarkers of response and resistance to immune-based therapies, to ultimately provide more personalized care for patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lang
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jena D French
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adwitiya Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacob Barbee
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Betelehem W Yacob
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lia S Head
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth D Tompkins
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian M Freed
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hilary Somerset
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Toshimasa J Clark
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stephen Leong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades, DO, Endocrinology MS8106, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Ave, RC1 South, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail:
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Watson ZL, Yamamoto TM, McMellen A, Kim H, Hughes CJ, Wheeler LJ, Post MD, Behbakht K, Bitler BG. Histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 (GLP/G9A) maintain PARP inhibitor resistance in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:165. [PMID: 31775874 PMCID: PMC6882350 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Euchromatic histone-lysine-N-methyltransferases 1 and 2 (EHMT1/2, aka GLP/G9A) catalyze dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and have roles in epigenetic silencing of gene expression. EHMT1/2 also have direct roles in DNA repair and are implicated in chemoresistance in several cancers. Resistance to chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) is a major cause of mortality in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but the contribution of the epigenetic landscape is unknown. RESULTS To identify epigenetic mechanisms of PARPi resistance in HGSOC, we utilized unbiased exploratory techniques, including RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry profiling of histone modifications. Compared to sensitive cells, PARPi-resistant HGSOC cells display a global increase of H3K9me2 accompanied by overexpression of EHMT1/2. EHMT1/2 overexpression was also observed in a PARPi-resistant in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Genetic or pharmacologic disruption of EHMT1/2 sensitizes HGSOC cells to PARPi. Cell death assays demonstrate that EHMT1/2 disruption does not increase PARPi-induced apoptosis. Functional DNA repair assays show that disruption of EHMT1/2 ablates homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), while immunofluorescent staining of phosphorylated histone H2AX shows large increases in DNA damage. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle show that PARPi treatment increases the proportion of PARPi-resistant cells in S and G2 phases, while cells treated with an EHMT1/2 inhibitor remain in G1. Co-treatment with PARPi and EHMT1/2 inhibitor produces an intermediate phenotype. Immunoblot of cell cycle regulators shows that combined EHMT1/2 and PARP inhibition reduces expression of specific cyclins and phosphorylation of mitotic markers. These data suggest DNA damage and altered cell cycle regulation as mechanisms of sensitization. RNA-Seq of PARPi-resistant cells treated with EHMT1/2 inhibitor showed significant gene expression changes enriched in pro-survival pathways that remain unexplored in the context of PARPi resistance, including PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that disrupting EHMT1/2 sensitizes HGSOC cells to PARPi, and suggests a potential mechanism through DNA damage and cell cycle dysregulation. RNA-Seq identifies several unexplored pathways that may alter PARPi resistance. Further study of EHMT1/2 and regulated genes will facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies to successfully treat HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Watson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alexandra McMellen
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Connor J Hughes
- Medical Student Training Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lindsay J Wheeler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Miriam D Post
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Costabile JD, Thompson JA, Alaswad E, Ormond DR. Biopsy Confirmed Glioma Recurrence Predicted by Multi-Modal Neuroimaging Metrics. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1287. [PMID: 31450732 PMCID: PMC6780506 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological verification is currently required to differentiate tumor recurrence from treatment effects related to adjuvant therapy in patients with glioma. To bypass the complications associated with collecting neural tissue samples, non-invasive classification methods are needed to alleviate the burden on patients while providing vital information to clinicians. However, uncertainty remains as to which tissue features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful. The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the reliability of combining MRI and diffusion tensor imaging metrics to discriminate between tumor recurrence and treatment effects in histopathologically identified biopsy samples. Additionally, this study investigates the noise adjuvant radiation therapy introduces when discriminating between tissue types. In a sample of 41 biopsy specimens, from a total of 10 patients, we derived region-of-interest samples from MRI data in the ipsilateral hemisphere that encompassed biopsies obtained during resective surgery. This study compares normalized intensity values across histopathology classifications and contralesional volumes reflected across the midline. Radiation makes noninvasive differentiation of abnormal-nontumor tissue to tumor recurrence much more difficult. This is because radiation exhibits opposing behavior on key MRI modalities: specifically, on post-contrast T1, FLAIR, and GFA. While radiation makes noninvasive differentiation of tumor recurrence more difficult, using a novel analysis of combined MRI metrics combined with clinical annotation and histopathological correlation, we observed that it is possible to successfully differentiate tumor tissue from other tissue types. Additional work will be required to expand upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Costabile
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elsa Alaswad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Moore C, Parrish JK, Jedlicka P. MiR-193b, downregulated in Ewing Sarcoma, targets the ErbB4 oncogene to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178028. [PMID: 28542597 PMCID: PMC5436853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma is an aggressive, oncofusion-driven, malignant neoplasm of bone and soft tissue affecting predominantly children and young adults. Seeking to identify potential novel therapeutic targets/agents for this disease, our previous studies uncovered microRNAs regulated by EWS/Fli1, the most common oncofusion, with growth modulatory properties. In the present study, we sought to identify EWS/Fli1-repressed, growth suppressive, microRNAs potentially amenable to replacement in Ewing Sarcoma cells. Eight microRNAs (143, 153, 184, 193b, 195, 203, 206 and 223) were selected for evaluation as EWS/Fli1-repressed and underexpressed in Ewing Sarcoma cells, and reported to be growth suppressive in other pediatric or/and adult cancers. The selected miRs, and appropriate non-targeting controls, were introduced into two different Ewing Sarcoma cell lines (A673 and SK-ES-1), and effects on growth were examined using a high and low-density growth assay. MiR-193b was growth inhibitory in both assays and cell lines. In subsequent analyses, we found that stable overexpression of miR-193b also inhibits anchorage-independent growth in both A673 and SK-ES-1 cells. We further show that miR-193b negatively regulates expression of the ErbB4 oncogene in A673 and SK-ES-1 cells, and that depletion of ErbB4 is itself inhibitory to anchorage-independent growth in the same cell lines. Together, our studies show that the EWS/Fli1-repressed miR-193b is growth suppressive in Ewing Sarcoma, and identify ErbB4 as a target gene and candidate mediator of this growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Moore
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janet K. Parrish
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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