1
|
Zohar T, Atyeo C, Wolf CR, Logue JK, Shuey K, Franko N, Choi RY, Wald A, Koelle DM, Chu HY, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. A multifaceted high-throughput assay for probing antigen-specific antibody-mediated primary monocyte phagocytosis and downstream functions. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113328. [PMID: 35934070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes are highly versatile innate immune cells responsible for pathogen clearance, innate immune coordination, and induction of adaptive immunity. Monocytes can directly and indirectly integrate pathogen-destructive instructions and contribute to disease control via pathogen uptake, presentation, or the release of cytokines. Indirect pathogen-specific instructions are conferred via Fc-receptor signaling and triggered by antibody opsonized material. Given the tremendous variation in polyclonal humoral immunity, defining the specific antibody-responses able to arm monocytes most effectively remains incompletely understood. While monocyte cell line-based assays have been used previously, cell lines may not faithfully recapitulate the full biology of monocytes. Thus, here we describe a multifaceted antigen-specific method for probing antibody-dependent primary monocyte phagocytosis (ADMP) and secondary responses. The assay not only reliably captures phagocytic uptake of immune complexes, but also detects unique changes in surface markers and cytokine secretions profiles, poorly detected by monocytic cell lines. The assay captures divergent polyclonal-monocyte recruiting activity across subjects with varying SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and also revealed biological nuances in Fc-mutant monoclonal antibody activity related to differences in Fc-receptor binding. Thus, the ADMP assay is a flexible assay able to provide key insights into the role of humoral immunity in driving monocyte phenotypic transitions and downstream functions across many diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walti CS, Loes AN, Shuey K, Krantz EM, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Keane-Candib J, Loeffelholz T, Wolf CR, Taylor JJ, Gardner RA, Green DJ, Cowan AJ, Maloney DG, Turtle CJ, Pergam SA, Chu HY, Bloom JD, Hill JA. Humoral immunogenicity of the seasonal influenza vaccine before and after CAR-T-cell therapy: a prospective observational study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003428. [PMID: 34702753 PMCID: PMC8549667 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recipients of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapies for B cell malignancies have profound and prolonged immunodeficiencies and are at risk for serious infections, including respiratory virus infections. Vaccination may be important for infection prevention, but there are limited data on vaccine immunogenicity in this population. We conducted a prospective observational study of the humoral immunogenicity of commercially available 2019-2020 inactivated influenza vaccines in adults immediately prior to or while in durable remission after CD19-, CD20-, or B cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy, as well as controls. We tested for antibodies to all four vaccine strains using neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. Antibody responses were defined as at least fourfold titer increases from baseline. Seroprotection was defined as a HAI titer ≥40. Enrolled CAR-T-cell recipients were vaccinated 14-29 days prior to (n=5) or 13-57 months following therapy (n=13), and the majority had hypogammaglobulinemia and cellular immunodeficiencies prevaccination. Eight non-immunocompromised adults served as controls. Antibody responses to ≥1 vaccine strain occurred in 2 (40%) individuals before CAR-T-cell therapy and in 4 (31%) individuals vaccinated after CAR-T-cell therapy. An additional 1 (20%) and 6 (46%) individuals had at least twofold increases, respectively. One individual vaccinated prior to CAR-T-cell therapy maintained a response for >3 months following therapy. Across all tested vaccine strains, seroprotection was less frequent in CAR-T-cell recipients than in controls. There was evidence of immunogenicity even among individuals with low immunoglobulin, CD19+ B cell, and CD4+ T-cell counts. These data support consideration for vaccination before and after CAR-T-cell therapy for influenza and other relevant pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of hypogammaglobulinemia or B cell aplasia. However, relatively impaired humoral vaccine immunogenicity indicates the need for additional infection-prevention strategies. Larger studies are needed to refine our understanding of potential correlates of vaccine immunogenicity, and durability of immune responses, in CAR-T-cell therapy recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Walti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Krantz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob Keane-Candib
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tillie Loeffelholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gardner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Damian J Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew J Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cameron J Turtle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven A Pergam
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Computational Biology Program, and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua A Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walti CS, Loes AN, Shuey K, Krantz EM, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Keane-Candib J, Loeffelholz T, Wolf CR, Taylor JJ, Gardner RA, Green DJ, Cowan AJ, Maloney DG, Turtle CJ, Pergam SA, Chu HY, Bloom JD, Hill JA. Humoral immunogenicity of the seasonal influenza vaccine before and after CAR-T-cell therapy. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34013294 PMCID: PMC8132269 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.10.21256634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recipients of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapies for B-cell malignancies are immunocompromised and at risk for serious infections. Vaccine immunogenicity is unknown in this population. We conducted a prospective observational study of the humoral immunogenicity of 2019-2020 inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) in children and adults immediately prior to (n=7) or 13-57 months after (n=15) CD19-, CD20-, or BCMA-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy, as well as controls (n=8). Individuals post-CAR-T-cell therapy were in remission. We tested for antibodies to 4 vaccine strains at baseline and ≥1 time point after IIV using neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition assays. An antibody response was defined as a ≥4-fold titer increase from baseline at the first post-vaccine time point. Baseline A(H1N1) titers in the CAR-T cohorts were significantly lower compared to controls. Antibody responses to ≥1 vaccine strain occurred in 2 (29%) individuals before CAR-T-cell therapy; one individual maintained a response for >3 months post-CAR-T-cell therapy. Antibody responses to ≥1 vaccine strain occurred in 6 (40%) individuals vaccinated after CAR-T-cell therapy. An additional 2 (29%) and 6 (40%) individuals had ≥2-fold increases (at any time) in the pre- and post-CAR-T cohorts, respectively. There were no identified clinical or immunologic predictors of antibody responses. Neither severe hypogammaglobulinemia nor B-cell aplasia precluded antibody responses. These data support consideration for vaccination before and after CAR-T-cell therapy for influenza and other relevant pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of hypogammaglobulinemia or B-cell aplasia. Larger studies are needed to determine correlates of vaccine immunogenicity and durability in CAR-T-cell therapy recipients. Key Points Influenza vaccination was immunogenic pre- and post-CAR-T-cell therapy, despite hypogammaglobulinemia and B-cell aplasia.Vaccination with inactivated vaccines can be considered before CAR-T-cell therapy and in individuals with remission after therapy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu KK, Fischinger S, Smith MT, Atyeo C, Cizmeci D, Wolf CR, Layton ED, Logue JK, Aguilar MS, Shuey K, Loos C, Yu J, Franko N, Choi RY, Wald A, Barouch DH, Koelle DM, Lauffenburger D, Chu HY, Alter G, Seshadri C. Comorbid illnesses are associated with altered adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146242. [PMID: 33621211 PMCID: PMC8026190 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbid medical illnesses, such as obesity and diabetes, are associated with more severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death. However, the role of the immune system in mediating these clinical outcomes has not been determined. We used multiparameter flow cytometry and systems serology to comprehensively profile the functions of T cells and antibodies targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins in a convalescent cohort of COVID-19 subjects who were either hospitalized (n = 20) or not hospitalized (n = 40). To avoid confounding, subjects were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and date of symptom onset. Surprisingly, we found that the magnitude and functional breadth of virus-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses were consistently higher among hospitalized subjects, particularly those with medical comorbidities. However, an integrated analysis identified more coordination between polyfunctional CD4+ T cells and antibodies targeting the S1 domain of spike among subjects who were not hospitalized. These data reveal a functionally diverse and coordinated response between T cells and antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2, which is reduced in the presence of comorbid illnesses that are known risk factors for severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystle Kq Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD program in Immunology and Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erik D Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa S Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crawford KHD, Dingens AS, Eguia R, Wolf CR, Wilcox N, Logue JK, Shuey K, Casto AM, Fiala B, Wrenn S, Pettie D, King NP, Greninger AL, Chu HY, Bloom JD. Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Titers in the Months After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:197-205. [PMID: 33535236 PMCID: PMC7543487 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop neutralizing antibodies that target the viral spike protein. In this study, we quantified how levels of these antibodies change in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection by examining longitudinal samples collected approximately 30-152 days after symptom onset from a prospective cohort of 32 recovered individuals with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate-severe disease. Neutralizing antibody titers declined an average of about 4-fold from 1 to 4 months after symptom onset. This decline in neutralizing antibody titers was accompanied by a decline in total antibodies capable of binding the viral spike protein or its receptor-binding domain. Importantly, our data are consistent with the expected early immune response to viral infection, where an initial peak in antibody levels is followed by a decline to a lower plateau. Additional studies of long-lived B cells and antibody titers over longer time frames are necessary to determine the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H D Crawford
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam S Dingens
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Eguia
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda M Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu KK, Fischinger S, Smith MT, Atyeo C, Cizmeci D, Wolf CR, Layton ED, Logue JK, Aguilar MS, Shuey K, Loos C, Yu J, Franko N, Choi RY, Wald A, Barouch DH, Koelle DM, Lauffenburger D, Chu HY, Alter G, Seshadri C. T cell and antibody functional correlates of severe COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.11.25.20235150. [PMID: 33269369 PMCID: PMC7709190 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.25.20235150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Comorbid medical illnesses, such as obesity and diabetes, are associated with more severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death. However, the role of the immune system in mediating these clinical outcomes has not been determined. We used multi-parameter flow cytometry and systems serology to comprehensively profile the functions of T cells and antibodies targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins in a convalescent cohort of COVID-19 subjects who were either hospitalized (n=20) or not hospitalized (n=40). To avoid confounding, subjects were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and date of symptom onset. Surprisingly, we found that the magnitude and functional breadth of virus-specific CD4 T cell and antibody responses were consistently higher among hospitalized subjects, particularly those with medical comorbidities. However, an integrated analysis identified more coordination between polyfunctional CD4 T-cells and antibodies targeting the S1 domain of spike among subjects that were not hospitalized. These data reveal a functionally diverse and coordinated response between T cells and antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 which is reduced in the presence of comorbid illnesses that are known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Our data suggest that isolated measurements of the magnitudes of spike-specific immune responses are likely insufficient to anticipate vaccine efficacy in high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystle K.Q. Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- PhD program in Immunology and Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Malisa T. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- PhD program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erik D. Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa S. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David M. Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atyeo C, Fischinger S, Zohar T, Slein MD, Burke J, Loos C, McCulloch DJ, Newman KL, Wolf C, Yu J, Shuey K, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Caradonna T, Schmidt AG, Suscovich TJ, Linde C, Cai Y, Barouch D, Ryan ET, Charles RC, Lauffenburger D, Chu H, Alter G. Distinct Early Serological Signatures Track with SARS-CoV-2 Survival. Immunity 2020; 53:524-532.e4. [PMID: 32783920 PMCID: PMC7392190 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 infections and death counts continue to rise, it remains unclear why some individuals recover from infection, whereas others rapidly progress and die. Although the immunological mechanisms that underlie different clinical trajectories remain poorly defined, pathogen-specific antibodies often point to immunological mechanisms of protection. Here, we profiled SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses in a cohort of 22 hospitalized individuals. Despite inter-individual heterogeneity, distinct antibody signatures resolved individuals with different outcomes. Although no differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels were observed, spike-specific humoral responses were enriched among convalescent individuals, whereas functional antibody responses to the nucleocapsid were elevated in deceased individuals. Furthermore, this enriched immunodominant spike-specific antibody profile in convalescents was confirmed in a larger validation cohort. These results demonstrate that early antigen-specific and qualitative features of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies point to differences in disease trajectory, highlighting the potential importance of functional antigen-specific humoral immunity to guide patient care and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kira L Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tim Caradonna
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yongfei Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As responsibility for financial security in retirement becomes more individualized, understanding the distribution and determinants of savings behavior grows in importance. Employed men and women often gain access to their pension assets when they change jobs. In this study gender differences in pre-retirement access to and disposition of accumulated pension assets are examined. METHODS The authors used data from the Health and Retirement Study to model pension participation, disposition of pension assets, and use of cash settlements derived from a pension plan in a previous job. Logit models provided estimates of gender differences in access to pensions and the preservation of pension funds for retirement. RESULTS Women were less likely to have participated in employer-sponsored pension plans; more likely to cash out accumulated pension assets when they changed jobs; and, when job changes occurred at relatively young ages, equally likely to spend the settlement. However, by their late 40s, women were more likely to save the settlement, a net gender difference that increased with age at which the settlement was received. DISCUSSION The structure of employment compensation continues to place women at a disadvantage. Gender differences in earnings and fringe benefits not only affect current financial status, but also cast a shadow over future financial security. Although the gender gap in pension coverage has been reduced, women with pensions have access to lower benefits and less in accumulated assets. As these continuing deficits are addressed, enhancing women's tendency to save pension assets for retirement can help them build financial security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hardy
- Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy and Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1121, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woodward MP, Shuey K. Process implemented for using nursing research in practice. Oncol Nurs Forum 1992; 19:1431-2. [PMID: 1437676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Woodward
- University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shuey K, Hoaks D. Brief: ADPIE-The Game Is On. J Contin Educ Nurs 1989; 20:184-5. [PMID: 2504791 DOI: 10.3928/0022-0124-19890701-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|