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Tieri M, Cosi A, Lombardi L, De Icco V, D Ercole S, Ferdeghini R, Tripodi D. Nitrous oxide and hypnotherapy in paediatric dentistry. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:229-237. [PMID: 37668458 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2023.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Patient compliance is of paramount importance for proper dental treatment, which can be difficult to achieve in children due to anxiety and fear, hindering the therapeutic procedure. In addition to well-known sedation methods (pharmacological and nitrous oxide), further methods of approach are being tested, such as hypnotherapy. MATERIALS The sample consisted of 150 children (90 males, 60 females). Paper questionnaires, frequency meter, nitrous oxide dispenser in association with the use of the television were exploited. At the end of treatment, subjective pain was assessed using the VAS scale, while objective pain was assessed using the FLACC scale and heart rate. This made it possible to compare two experimental groups, one treated with nitrous oxide, and the other with hypnotherapy. The control group was treated with classic behavioural approach techniques. The results obtained were analysed by SPSS Software (Statistical Package for Social Science, version 27) and the inferences between the results were calculated for confirmation. CONCLUSION Hypnotherapy can be a valid substitute for nitrous oxide in paediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tieri
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - A Cosi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - V De Icco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - S D Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | | | - D Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
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2
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Daneshnia F, Arastehfar A, Lombardi L, Binder U, Scheler J, Vahedi Shahandashti R, Hagen F, Lass-Flörl C, Mansour MK, Butler G, Perlin DS. Candida parapsilosis isolates carrying mutations outside FKS1 hotspot regions confer high echinocandin tolerance and facilitate the development of echinocandin resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106831. [PMID: 37121442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is a significant cause of candidemia worldwide. Echinocandin-resistant (ECR) and echinocandin-tolerant (ECT) C. parapsilosis isolates have been reported in various countries but are rare. Resistance and tolerance are predominantly caused by mutations related to the hotspot (HS) regions of the FKS1 gene. A relatively high proportion of clinical C. parapsilosis isolates carrying mutations outside the HS regions has been noted in some studies, but an association with echinocandin (EC) resistance or tolerance was not explored. Herein, CRISPR-Cas9 was used and the association between amino acid substitution in FKS1 outside HS 1/2 (V595I, S745L, M1328I, F1386S, and A1422G) with EC susceptibility profile was delineated. None of the mutations conferred EC resistance, but they resulted in a significantly higher level of EC tolerance than the parental isolate, ATCC 22019. When incubated on agar plates containing ECs, specifically caspofungin and micafungin, ECR colonies were exclusively observed among ECT isolates, particularly mutants carrying V595I, S745L, and F1386S. Additionally, mutants had significantly better growth rates in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) and YPD containing agents inducing membrane and oxidative stresses. The mutants had a trivial fitness cost in the Galleria mellonella model relative to ATCC 22019. Collectively, this study supports epidemiological studies to catalog mutations occurring outside the HS regions of FKS1, even if they do not confer EC resistance. These mutations are important as they potentially confer a higher level of EC tolerance and a higher propensity to develop EC resistance, therefore unveiling a novel mechanism of EC tolerance in C. parapsilosis. The identification of EC tolerance in C. parapsilosis may have direct clinical benefit in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Daneshnia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Scheler
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roya Vahedi Shahandashti
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07710, USA; Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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3
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Dalle Carbonare L, Basile A, Rindi L, Bulleri F, Hamedeh H, Iacopino S, Shukla V, Weits DA, Lombardi L, Sbrana A, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Giuntoli B, Licausi F, Maggi E. Dim artificial light at night alters gene expression rhythms and growth in a key seagrass species (Posidonia oceanica). Sci Rep 2023; 13:10620. [PMID: 37391536 PMCID: PMC10313690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a globally spreading anthropogenic stressor, affecting more than 20% of coastal habitats. The alteration of the natural light/darkness cycle is expected to impact the physiology of organisms by acting on the complex circuits termed as circadian rhythms. Our understanding of the impact of ALAN on marine organisms is lagging behind that of terrestrial ones, and effects on marine primary producers are almost unexplored. Here, we investigated the molecular and physiological response of the Mediterranean seagrass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, as model to evaluate the effect of ALAN on seagrass populations established in shallow waters, by taking advantage of a decreasing gradient of dim nocturnal light intensity (from < 0.01 to 4 lx) along the NW Mediterranean coastline. We first monitored the fluctuations of putative circadian-clock genes over a period of 24 h along the ALAN gradient. We then investigated whether key physiological processes, known to be synchronized with day length by the circadian rhythm, were also affected by ALAN. ALAN influenced the light signalling at dusk/night in P. oceanica, including that of shorter blue wavelengths, through the ELF3-LUX1-ZTL regulatory network, and suggested that the daily perturbation of internal clock orthologs in seagrass might have caused the recruitment of PoSEND33 and PoPSBS genes to mitigate the repercussions of a nocturnal stress on photosynthesis during the day. A long-lasting impairment of gene fluctuations in sites characterised by ALAN could explain the reduced growth of the seagrass leaves when these were transferred into controlled conditions and without lighting during the night. Our results highlight the potential contribution of ALAN to the global loss of seagrass meadows, posing questions about key interactions with a variety of other human-related stressors in urban areas, in order to develop more efficient strategies to globally preserve these coastal foundation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dalle Carbonare
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - A Basile
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Rindi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - H Hamedeh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Iacopino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Shukla
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - D A Weits
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sbrana
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Benedetti-Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Giuntoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Licausi
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - E Maggi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Daneshnia F, de Almeida Júnior JN, Ilkit M, Lombardi L, Perry AM, Gao M, Nobile CJ, Egger M, Perlin DS, Zhai B, Hohl TM, Gabaldón T, Colombo AL, Hoenigl M, Arastehfar A. Worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: current framework and future research roadmap. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e470-e480. [PMID: 37121240 PMCID: PMC10634418 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is one of the most commen causes of life-threatening candidaemia, particularly in premature neonates, individuals with cancer of the haematopoietic system, and recipients of organ transplants. Historically, drug-susceptible strains have been linked to clonal outbreaks. However, worldwide studies started since 2018 have reported severe outbreaks among adults caused by fluconazole-resistant strains. Outbreaks caused by fluconazole-resistant strains are associated with high mortality rates and can persist despite strict infection control strategies. The emergence of resistance threatens the efficacy of azoles, which is the most widely used class of antifungals and the only available oral treatment option for candidaemia. The fact that most patients infected with fluconazole-resistant strains are azole-naive underscores the high potential adaptability of fluconazole-resistant strains to diverse hosts, environmental niches, and reservoirs. Another concern is the multidrug-resistant and echinocandin-tolerant C parapsilosis isolates, which emerged in 2020. Raising awareness, establishing effective clinical interventions, and understanding the biology and pathogenesis of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis are urgently needed to improve treatment strategies and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Daneshnia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - João N de Almeida Júnior
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Austin M Perry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA; Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Clarissa J Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA; Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Egger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA; Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bing Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine and Human Oncology, and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Programme, Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bio TechMed, Graz, Austria; Translational Medical Mycology Research Group, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Daneshnia F, Hilmioğlu-Polat S, Ilkit M, Fuentes D, Lombardi L, Binder U, Scheler J, Hagen F, Mansour MK, Butler G, Lass-Flörl C, Gabaldon T, Arastehfar A. Whole-genome sequencing confirms a persistent candidaemia clonal outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Candida parapsilosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7143692. [PMID: 37100456 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although perceived as a rare clinical entity, recent studies have noted the emergence of MDR C. parapsilosis (MDR-Cp) isolates from single patients (resistant to both azole and echinocandins). We previously reported a case series of MDR-Cp isolates carrying a novel FKS1R658G mutation. Herein, we identified an echinocandin-naive patient infected with MDR-Cp a few months after the previously described isolates. WGS and CRISPR-Cas9 editing were used to explore the origin of the new MDR-Cp isolates, and to determine if the novel mutation confers echinocandin resistance. METHODS WGS was applied to assess the clonality of these isolates and CRISPR-Cas9 editing and a Galleria mellonella model were used to examine whether FKS1R658G confers echinocandin resistance. RESULTS Fluconazole treatment failed, and the patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB). WGS proved that all historical and novel MDR-Cp strains were clonal and distant from the fluconazole-resistant outbreak cluster in the same hospital. CRISPR-Cas9 editing and G. mellonella virulence assays confirmed that FKS1R658G confers echinocandin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the FKS1R658G mutant showed a very modest fitness cost compared with the parental WT strain, consistent with the persistence of the MDR-Cp cluster in our hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our study showcases the emergence of MDR-Cp isolates as a novel threat in clinical settings, which undermines the efficacy of the two most widely used antifungal drugs against candidiasis, leaving only LAMB as a last resort. Additionally, surveillance studies and WGS are warranted to effectively establish infection control and antifungal stewardship strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Daneshnia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114USA
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Diego Fuentes
- Comparative Genomics group, Life Sciences department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 29, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Comparative Genomics group, Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Scheler
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115USA
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Toni Gabaldon
- Comparative Genomics group, Life Sciences department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 29, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Comparative Genomics group, Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115USA
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Valvano M, Vezzaro V, Fabiani S, Capannolo A, Sgamma E, Cesaro N, Valerii G, Longo S, Barbera C, Lombardi L, Viscido A, Necozione S, Latella G. The connection between diverticulosis and colonic superficial neoplastic lesions in patients who underwent screening colonoscopy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:107. [PMID: 37081187 PMCID: PMC10119047 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE If could be a potential pathophysiological connection between colonic diverticula and colonic superficial neoplastic lesions, beyond the shared risk factors, has been a subject of debate in the last years. This study tries to evaluate the association between diverticulosis and colonic neoplastic lesions. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including asymptomatic patients who underwent a screening colonoscopy (patients with a positive fecal occult blood test under the regional program of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening), surveillance after polypectomy resection, or familiarity (first-degree relatives) between 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the association between diverticula and colonic polyps. A multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) to study the independent association between adenomas and adenocarcinomas was performed. RESULTS One thousand five hundred one patients were included. A statistically significant association between adenomas or CRC alone and colonic diverticula was found (p = 0.045). On a multivariate analysis of demographic (age, gender) and clinical parameters (familiarity for diverticula and adenoma/CRC), only age was significantly associated with the development of colorectal adenomas or cancer (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a statistically significant association between diverticula and colonic adenomas. However, it is impossible to establish a cause-effect relationship due to the intrinsic characteristics of this study design. A study with a prospective design including both patients with diverticulosis and without colonic diverticula aimed at establishing the incidence of adenoma and CRC could help to answer this relevant clinical question, since a potential association could indicate the need for closer endoscopic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valvano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Vezzaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Fabiani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Capannolo
- Diagnostic and Surgical Endoscopy Unit, San Salvatore Academic Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Sgamma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - N Cesaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Valerii
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale G. Mazzini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - S Longo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Barbera
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale G. Mazzini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Diagnostic and Surgical Endoscopy Unit, San Salvatore Academic Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Viscido
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Necozione
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Latella
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Salzberg LI, Martos AAR, Lombardi L, Jermiin LS, Blanco A, Byrne KP, Wolfe KH. A widespread inversion polymorphism conserved among Saccharomyces species is caused by recurrent homogenization of a sporulation gene family. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010525. [PMID: 36441813 PMCID: PMC9731477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces genomes are highly collinear and show relatively little structural variation, both within and between species of this yeast genus. We investigated the only common inversion polymorphism known in S. cerevisiae, which affects a 24-kb 'flip/flop' region containing 15 genes near the centromere of chromosome XIV. The region exists in two orientations, called reference (REF) and inverted (INV). Meiotic recombination in this region is suppressed in crosses between REF and INV orientation strains such as the BY x RM cross. We find that the inversion polymorphism is at least 17 million years old because it is conserved across the genus Saccharomyces. However, the REF and INV isomers are not ancient alleles but are continually being re-created by re-inversion of the region within each species. Inversion occurs due to continual homogenization of two almost identical 4-kb sequences that form an inverted repeat (IR) at the ends of the flip/flop region. The IR consists of two pairs of genes that are specifically and strongly expressed during the late stages of sporulation. We show that one of these gene pairs, YNL018C/YNL034W, codes for a protein that is essential for spore formation. YNL018C and YNL034W are the founder members of a gene family, Centroid, whose members in other Saccharomycetaceae species evolve fast, duplicate frequently, and are preferentially located close to centromeres. We tested the hypothesis that Centroid genes are a meiotic drive system, but found no support for this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letal I. Salzberg
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre A. R. Martos
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars S. Jermiin
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Byrne
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H. Wolfe
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Daneshnia F, de Almeida Júnior JN, Arastehfar A, Lombardi L, Shor E, Moreno L, Mendes AV, Barberino MG, Yamamoto DT, Butler G, Perlin DS, Colombo AL. Determinants of fluconazole resistance and echinocandin tolerance in C. parapsilosis isolates causing a large clonal candidemia outbreak among COVID-19 patients in a Brazilian ICU. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2264-2274. [PMID: 36066554 PMCID: PMC9542950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with severe COVID-19 are predisposed to acquire secondary fungal infections such as COVID-19-associated candidemia (CAC), which are associated with poor clinical outcomes despite antifungal treatment. The extreme burden imposed on clinical facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a permissive environment for the emergence of clonal outbreaks of multiple Candida species, including C. auris and C. parapsilosis. Here we report the largest clonal CAC outbreak to date caused by fluconazole resistant (FLZR) and echinocandin tolerant (ECT) C. parapsilosis. Sixty C. parapsilosis strains were obtained from 57 patients at a tertiary care hospital in Brazil, 90% of them were FLZR and ECT. Although only 35.8% of FLZR isolates contained an ERG11 mutation, all of them contained the TAC1L518F mutation and significantly overexpressed CDR1. Introduction of TAC1L518F into a susceptible background increased the MIC of fluconazole and voriconazole 8-fold and resulted in significant basal overexpression of CDR1. Additionally, FLZR isolates exclusively harbored E1939G outside of Fks1 hotspot-2, which did not confer echinocandin resistance, but significantly increased ECT. Multilocus microsatellite typing showed that 51/60 (85%) of the FLZR isolates belonged to the same cluster, while the susceptible isolates each represented a distinct lineage. Finally, biofilm production in FLZR isolates was significantly lower than in susceptible counterparts Suggesting that it may not be an outbreak determinant. In summary, we show that TAC1L518F and FKS1E1393G confer FLZR and ECT, respectively, in CAC-associated C. parapsilosis. Our study underscores the importance of antifungal stewardship and effective infection control strategies to mitigate clonal C. parapsilosis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Daneshnia
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - João N de Almeida Júnior
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erika Shor
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.,Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley NJ 07710, USA
| | - Lis Moreno
- Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto D'OR de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR)
| | - Ana Verena Mendes
- Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto D'OR de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR)
| | | | | | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.,Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley NJ 07710, USA.,Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Śliz M, Tuci F, Czerwińska K, Fabrizi S, Lombardi L, Wilk M. Hydrothermal carbonization of the wet fraction from mixed municipal solid waste: Hydrochar characteristics and energy balance. Waste Manag 2022; 151:39-48. [PMID: 35926280 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) may be pre-treated in a mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plant to produce an exiting stream with improved combustible characteristics. The process also produces a second waste stream, which is generally separated on a size basis by industrial sieving equipment. It contains fractions with a high moisture content such as residual food waste, soiled paper and cardboard, and small fragments of other materials. Samples of this stream, collected at an existing plant, were characterized and processed by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at laboratory scale, at various temperatures (180, 200 and 220 °C), reaction times (1, 4 and 8 h) and solid to water ratios (0.15 and 0.07). The primary energy balance, on a hypothetical industrial scale, was performed. In brief, the results confirmed that the produced hydrochar was a brittle, hydrophobic, solid carbonaceous product which gave a better combustion performance as the residence time of the HTC process was increased. Moreover, the dewaterability of the carbonized waste was greatly improved when compared to raw, wet samples. The results of the primary energy balance confirmed that the energy contained in the produced hydrochar was higher than the energy consumption for the process itself, under all the HTC working conditions. The energy consumed in the process was in the range of 40-70 % of the energy content of the produced hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Śliz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - F Tuci
- University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - K Czerwińska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - S Fabrizi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - M Wilk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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10
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Cosi A, Tieri M, Lombardi L, Ciaravino C, D Ercole S, Tripodi D. Clowntherapy in paediatric dentistry: The psychological approach to the paediatric patient. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:242-248. [PMID: 36172903 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Anxiety towards dental treatments and visits in children are often cause for the avoidance and/or failure of the treatment itself, as well as a reason for stress in both the patient and the orthodontist. The aim of the research is to understand if the use of clown therapy in dental waiting rooms is efficient in bringing down the level of preoperative anxiety in paediatric dental patients. METHODS Two psychometric tests were used: CFSS-DS (Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule) and FIS (Facial Image Scale), after the translation of the original versions, to both the patients and their parents. The CFSS-DS is the most used instrument in order to assess dental fear in children, it is composed by 15 questions that outline situations which children and adolescents will have to face while on the dental chair. The FIS is a visual analogical scale that uses faces as indicators of anxiety. CONCLUSION Clowntherapy proves to be an efficient non-pharmacological method to reduce anxiety and dental fear in paediatric patients, offeringa valid and practical support for paediatric dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cosi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Tieri
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences
| | - C Ciaravino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S D Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Mannarino G, Caffaz S, Gori R, Lombardi L. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge and Its Products Valorization Pathways. Waste Biomass Valorization 2022; 13:3845-3864. [PMID: 35729890 PMCID: PMC9189798 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study is aimed at evaluating through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) the environmental performances of an integrated system of an existing Water Resources Recovery Facility (WRRF) and a hypothetical hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) plant applied to the generated sewage sludge (SS). Beside the valorisation of the solid product (hydrochar, HC) as a fuel substituting lignite, the possibility to valorize also the liquid fraction (process water, PW) derived by the HTC, by anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, is here proposed and analysed. Additionally, phosphorus recovery from HC, prior its use, by acid leaching with nitric acid is also suggested and evaluated. Thus, four integrated scenarios, based on SS carbonization, are proposed and compared with the current SS treatment, based on composting outside of the WRRF (Benchmark scenario). The proposed scenarios, based on HTC, show improved performances with respect to the benchmark one, for thirteen of sixteen considered impact indicators. For the Climate Change (CC) indicator, the two HTC scenarios are able to reduce the impacts up to - 98%, with respect to the Benchmark. Further, the introduction of anaerobic digestion of PW proves to reduce impacts more than other configurations in eleven on sixteen impact categories. On the contrary, the introduction of phosphorus recovery process negatively affects the values for most of indicators. Thus, possible solutions to improve the integration of this process are outlined (e.g., the use of sulfuric acid instead of nitric one, or the application of a different ratio between solid and acidified solution during acid leaching of HC to recover phosphorus). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12649-022-01821-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mannarino
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - S. Caffaz
- Publiacqua SpA, Via Villamagna 90/c, 50126 Florence, Italy
| | - R. Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - L. Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
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12
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Zucchelli A, Manzoni F, Morandi A, Di Santo S, Rossi E, Valsecchi MG, Inzitari M, Cherubini A, Bo M, Mossello E, Marengoni A, Bellelli G, Tarasconi A, Sella M, Auriemma S, Paternò G, Faggian G, Lucarelli C, De Grazia N, Alberto C, Margola A, Porcella L, Nardiello I, Chimenti E, Zeni M, Giani A, Famularo S, Romairone E, Minaglia C, Ceccotti C, Guerra G, Mantovani G, Monacelli F, Minaglia C, Candiani T, Ballestrero A, Minaglia C, Santolini F, Minaglia C, Rosso M, Bono V, Sibilla S, Dal Santo P, Ceci M, Barone P, Schirinzi T, Formenti A, Nastasi G, Isaia G, Gonella D, Battuello A, Casson S, Calvani D, Boni F, Ciaccio A, Rosa R, Sanna G, Manfredini S, Cortese L, Rizzo M, Prestano R, Greco A, Lauriola M, Gelosa G, Piras V, Arena M, Cosenza D, Bellomo A, LaMontagna M, Gabbani L, Lambertucci L, Perego S, Parati G, Basile G, Gallina V, Pilone G, Giudice C, De F, Pietrogrande L, De B, Mosca M, Corazzin I, Rossi P, Nunziata V, D‘Amico F, Grippa A, Giardini S, Barucci R, Cossu A, Fiorin L, Arena M, Distefano M, Lunardelli M, Brunori M, Ruffini I, Abraham E, Varutti A, Fabbro E, Catalano A, Martino G, Leotta D, Marchet A, Dell‘Aquila G, Scrimieri A, Davoli M, Casella M, Cartei A, Polidori G, Basile G, Brischetto D, Motta S, Saponara R, Perrone P, Russo G, Del D, Car C, Pirina T, Franzoni S, Cotroneo A, Ghiggia F, Volpi G, Menichetti C, Bo M, Panico A, Calogero P, Corvalli G, Mauri M, Lupia E, Manfredini R, Fabbian F, March A, Pedrotti M, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Bianchetti A, Crucitti A, Di Francesco V, Fontana G, Bonanni L, Barbone F, Serrati C, Ballardini G, Simoncelli M, Ceschia G, Scarpa C, Brugiolo R, Fusco S, Ciarambino T, Biagini C, Tonon E, Porta M, Venuti D, DelSette M, Poeta M, Barbagallo G, Trovato G, Delitala A, Arosio P, Reggiani F, Zuliani G, Ortolani B, Mussio E, Girardi A, Coin A, Ruotolo G, Castagna A, Masina M, Cimino R, Pinciaroli A, Tripodi G, Cannistrà U, Cassadonte F, Vatrano M, Cassandonte F, Scaglione L, Fogliacco P, Muzzuilini C, Romano F, Padovani A, Rozzini L, Cagnin A, Fragiacomo F, Desideri G, Liberatore E, Bruni A, Orsitto G, Franco M, Bonfrate L, Bonetto M, Pizio N, Magnani G, Cecchetti G, Longo A, Bubba V, Marinan L, Cotelli M, Turla M, Brunori M, Sessa M, Abruzzi L, Castoldi G, LoVetere D, Musacchio C, Novello M, Cavarape A, Bini A, Leonardi A, Seneci F, Grimaldi W, Fimognari F, Bambara V, Saitta A, Corica F, Braga M, Ettorre E, Camellini C, Marengoni A, Bruni A, Crescenzo A, Noro G, Turco R, Ponzetto M, Giuseppe L, Mazzei B, Maiuri G, Costaggiu D, Damato R, Fabbro E, Patrizia G, Santuari L, Gallucci M, Minaglia C, Paragona M, Bini P, Modica D, Abati C, Clerici M, Barbera I, NigroImperiale F, Manni A, Votino C, Castiglioni C, Di M, Degl‘Innocenti M, Moscatelli G, Guerini S, Casini C, Dini D, DeNotariis S, Bonometti F, Paolillo C, Riccardi A, Tiozzo A, SamySalamaFahmy A, Riccardi A, Paolillo C, DiBari M, Vanni S, Scarpa A, Zara D, Ranieri P, Calogero P, Corvalli G, Pezzoni D, Gentile S, Morandi A, Platto C, D‘Ambrosio V, Faraci B, Ivaldi C, Milia P, DeSalvo F, Solaro C, Strazzacappa M, Bo M, Panico A, Cazzadori M, Confente S, Bonetto M, Magnani G, Cecchetti G, Guerini V, Bernardini B, Corsini C, Boffelli S, Filippi A, Delpin K, Bertoletti E, Vannucci M, Tesi F, Crippa P, Malighetti A, Caltagirone C, DiSant S, Bettini D, Maltese F, Formilan M, Abruzzese G, Minaglia C, Cosimo D, Azzini M, Cazzadori M, Colombo M, Procino G, Fascendini S, Barocco F, Del P, D‘Amico F, Grippa A, Mazzone A, Riva E, Dell‘Acqua D, Cottino M, Vezzadini G, Avanzi S, Orini S, Sgrilli F, Mello A, Lombardi L, Muti E, Dijk B, Fenu S, Pes C, Gareri P, Castagna A, Passamonte M, De F, Rigo R, Locusta L, Caser L, Rosso G, Cesarini S, Cozzi R, Santini C, Carbone P, Cazzaniga I, Lovati R, Cantoni A, Ranzani P, Barra D, Pompilio G, Dimori S, Cernesi S, Riccò C, Piazzolla F, Capittini E, Rota C, Gottardi F, Merla L, Barelli A, Millul A, De G, Morrone G, Bigolari M, Minaglia C, Macchi M, Zambon F, D‘Amico F, D‘Amico F, Pizzorni C, DiCasaleto G, Menculini G, Marcacci M, Catanese G, Sprini D, DiCasalet T, Bocci M, Borga S, Caironi P, Cat C, Cingolani E, Avalli L, Greco G, Citerio G, Gandini L, Cornara G, Lerda R, Brazzi L, Simeone F, Caciorgna M, Alampi D, Francesconi S, Beck E, Antonini B, Vettoretto K, Meggiolaro M, Garofalo E, Bruni A, Notaro S, Varutti R, Bassi F, Mistraletti G, Marino A, Rona R, Rondelli E, Riva I, Scapigliati A, Cortegiani A, Vitale F, Pistidda L, D‘Andrea R, Querci L, Gnesin P, Todeschini M, Lugano M, Castelli G, Ortolani M, Cotoia A, Maggiore S, DiTizio L, Graziani R, Testa I, Ferretti E, Castioni C, Lombardi F, Caserta R, Pasqua M, Simoncini S, Baccarini F, Rispoli M, Grossi F, Cancelliere L, Carnelli M, Puccini F, Biancofiore G, Siniscalchi A, Laici C, Mossello E, Torrini M, Pasetti G, Palmese S, Oggioni R, Mangani V, Pini S, Martelli M, Rigo E, Zuccalà F, Cherri A, Spina R, Calamai I, Petrucci N, Caicedo A, Ferri F, Gritti P, Brienza N, Fonnesu R, Dessena M, Fullin G, Saggioro D. The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:349-357. [PMID: 34417734 PMCID: PMC8847195 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Delirium and sarcopenia are common, although underdiagnosed, geriatric
syndromes. Several pathological mechanisms can link delirium and low skeletal muscle mass, but few studies have investigated their association. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between delirium and low skeletal muscle mass and (2) the possible role of calf circumference mass in finding cases with delirium. Methods The analyses were conducted employing the cross-sectional “Delirium Day” initiative, on patient 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes and hospices in Italy in 2017. Delirium was diagnosed as a 4 + score at the 4-AT scale. Low skeletal muscle mass was operationally defined as calf circumference ≤ 34 cm in males and ≤ 33 cm in females. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium. The discriminative ability of calf circumference was evaluated using non-parametric ROC analyses. Results A sample of 1675 patients was analyzed. In total, 73.6% of participants had low skeletal muscle mass and 24.1% exhibited delirium. Low skeletal muscle mass and delirium showed an independent association (OR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.09–2.08). In the subsample of patients without a diagnosis of dementia, the inclusion of calf circumference in a model based on age and sex significantly improved its discriminative accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) 0.69 vs 0.57, p < 0.001]. Discussion and conclusion Low muscle mass is independently associated with delirium. In patients without a previous diagnosis of dementia, calf circumference may help to better identify those who develop delirium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-021-01950-8.
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Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 technology radically changed the approach to genetic manipulation of both medically and industrially relevant Candida species, as attested by the ever-increasing number of applications to the study of pathogenesis, drug resistance, gene expression, and host pathogen interaction and drug discovery. Here, we describe the use of plasmid-based systems for high efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing into any strain of four non-albicans Candida species, namely, Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. The plasmids pCP-tRNA and pCT-tRNA contain all the elements necessary for expressing the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery, and they can be used in combination with a repair template for disrupting gene function by insertion of a premature stop codon or by gene deletion. The plasmids are easily lost in the absence of selection, allowing scarless gene editing and minimizing detrimental effects of prolonged Cas9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Hartuis S, Robert E, Lombardi L, Butler G, Le Pape P, Morio F. Precise editing using CRISPR-Cas9 to explore the contribution of clinically-derived mutations to antifungal resistance in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis. Access Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.cc2021.po0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Candida parapsilosis is both a commensal/saprophytic yeast of the human skin and an opportunistic pathogen which can be responsible for life-threatening infections. The increasing reports of clonal outbreaks involving azole-resistant C. parapsilosis in the clinical setting is worrisome and urges for a better understanding of antifungal resistance in this species. Previous studies have identified mutations in key genes which can explain acquired fluconazole resistance. Reverse genetics approaches are now warranted to confirm their involvement and to determine whether they can affect other clinically-licensed antifungals. Here, we used a CRISPR-Cas9 technique to study the relative contributions of clinically-derived mutations to antifungal resistance and provide answers to these questions.
Materials and Methods
Six clinically-derived mutations were selected (ERG11Y132F, ERG11K143R,ERG11R398I, TAC1G650E, MRR1G583R, ERG3G111R) to be engineered in two C. parapsilosis fluconazole-susceptible backgrounds (ATCC22019, STZ5) using a previously described CRISPR-Cas9 method. In vitro susceptibility of the transformants to fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and micafungin was determined by Etest®.
Results/Discussion
The impact on fluconazole susceptibility was highly variable depending on the residue/gene involved, but roughly similar between the two genetic backgrounds. All but two(ERG11R398I, ERG3G111R) conferred fluconazole resistance, though the highest MIC increase was observed for MRR1G583R (≥650 fold). As expected in a diploid species, we noted an impact of allelic dosage. Some kind of cross-resistance to the other azoles was noted from some mutations, although the impact was lower for posaconazole and isavuconazole, except for MRR1G583R which led to multi-azole resistance. Finally, ERG3G111R increased tolerance to both azoles and echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hartuis
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie
| | - Estelle Robert
- Département de Parasitologie Et Mycologie Médicale, EA1155 IICiMed
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute
| | | | - Patrice Le Pape
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie
| | - Florent Morio
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie
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15
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Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, Houbraken J, Lombardi L, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks J, Rivero-Menendez O, Aljohani R, Jacobsen I, Berman J, Osherov N, Hedayati M, Ilkit M, Armstrong-James D, Gabaldón T, Meletiadis J, Kostrzewa M, Pan W, Lass-Flörl C, Perlin D, Hoenigl M. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics. Stud Mycol 2021; 100:100115. [PMID: 34035866 PMCID: PMC8131930 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - A. Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombardi
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R. Garcia-Rubio
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - J.D. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - O. Rivero-Menendez
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - R. Aljohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I.D. Jacobsen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Berman
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - N. Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M.T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center/Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - T. Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Programme, Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Jordi Girona, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - W. Pan
- Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - C. Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D.S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - M. Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
The effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of thermoplastic polymers is presented using an experimental approach supported by a modelling of the phenomenon. Its understanding is fundamental in designing the geometry of a die for extrusion foam and to predict foaming. The extrudate swell is the swelling of a viscoelastic material due to a fast elastic recovery after being subjected to stresses. We show that there exists a link between the extrudate swell and foaming, performing experiments with simple and complex extrusion dies to measure the expansion ratio. It was found that the expansion ratio is anisotropic and the anisotropy in the expansion of the foam is due to the extrudate swell that affects strongly the final shape of the product and it cannot be neglected in standard application for extrusion foam. A simple heuristic model was developed to predict the extrudate swell from geometrical parameters and rheological characterization of the fluid. It was found that the foaming mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate, blown with cyclopentane, changes as function of extrudate swell and the lowest density foam is achieved using the die that has the bigger extrudate swell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tammaro
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - C Walker
- Sulzer Chemtech, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - L Lombardi
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Laffranchi M, Boccardo N, Traverso S, Lombardi L, Canepa M, Lince A, Semprini M, Saglia JA, Naceri A, Sacchetti R, Gruppioni E, De Michieli L. The Hannes hand prosthesis replicates the key biological properties of the human hand. Sci Robot 2020; 5:5/46/eabb0467. [DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Laffranchi
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - N. Boccardo
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - S. Traverso
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - L. Lombardi
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Canepa
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Lince
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Semprini
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - J. A. Saglia
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Naceri
- Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - R. Sacchetti
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Via Rabuina 14, 40054, Vigorso di Budrio (BO) Italy
| | - E. Gruppioni
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Via Rabuina 14, 40054, Vigorso di Budrio (BO) Italy
| | - L. De Michieli
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Coughlan AY, Lombardi L, Braun-Galleani S, Martos AA, Galeote V, Bigey F, Dequin S, Byrne KP, Wolfe KH. The yeast mating-type switching endonuclease HO is a domesticated member of an unorthodox homing genetic element family. eLife 2020; 9:55336. [PMID: 32338594 PMCID: PMC7282813 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mating-type switching endonuclease HO plays a central role in the natural life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but its evolutionary origin is unknown. HO is a recent addition to yeast genomes, present in only a few genera close to Saccharomyces. Here we show that HO is structurally and phylogenetically related to a family of unorthodox homing genetic elements found in Torulaspora and Lachancea yeasts. These WHO elements home into the aldolase gene FBA1, replacing its 3' end each time they integrate. They resemble inteins but they operate by a different mechanism that does not require protein splicing. We show that a WHO protein cleaves Torulaspora delbrueckii FBA1 efficiently and in an allele-specific manner, leading to DNA repair by gene conversion or NHEJ. The DNA rearrangement steps during WHO element homing are very similar to those during mating-type switching, and indicate that HO is a domesticated WHO-like element. In the same way as a sperm from a male and an egg from a female join together to form an embryo in most animals, yeast cells have two sexes that coordinate how they reproduce. These are called “mating types” and, rather than male or female, an individual yeast cell can either be mating type “a” or “alpha”. Every yeast cell contains the genes for both mating types, and each cell’s mating type is determined by which of those genes it has active. Only one mating type gene can be ‘on’ at a time, but some yeast species can swap mating type on demand by switching the corresponding genes ‘on’ or ‘off’. This switch is unusual. Rather than simply activate one of the genes it already has, the yeast cell keeps an inactive version of each mating type gene tucked away, makes a copy of the gene it wants to be active and pastes that copy into a different location in its genome. To do all of this yeast need another gene called HO. This gene codes for an enzyme that cuts the DNA at the location of the active mating type gene. This makes an opening that allows the cell to replace the ‘a’ gene with the ‘alpha’ gene, or vice versa. This system allows yeast cells to continue mating even if all the cells in a colony start off as the same mating type. But, cutting into the DNA is risky, and can damage the health of the cell. So, why did yeast cells evolve a system that could cause them harm? To find out where the HO gene came from, Coughlan et al. searched through all the available genomes from yeast species for other genes with similar sequences and identified a cluster which they nicknamed “weird HO” genes, or WHO genes for short. Testing these genes revealed that they also code for enzymes that make cuts in the yeast genome, but the way the cell repairs the cuts is different. The WHO genes are jumping genes. When the enzyme encoded by a WHO gene makes a cut in the genome, the yeast cell copies the gene into the gap, allowing the gene to ‘jump’ from one part of the genome to another. It is possible that this was the starting point for the evolution of the HO gene. Changes to a WHO gene could have allowed it to cut into the mating type region of the yeast genome, giving the yeast an opportunity to ‘domesticate’ it. Over time, the yeast cell stopped the WHO gene from jumping into the gap and started using the cut to change its mating type. Understanding how cells adapt genes for different purposes is a key question in evolutionary biology. There are many other examples of domesticated jumping genes in other organisms, including in the human immune system. Understanding the evolution of HO not only sheds light on how yeast mating type switching evolved, but on how other species might harness and adapt their genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Y Coughlan
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Alexandre Ar Martos
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginie Galeote
- SPO, INRAE, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Bigey
- SPO, INRAE, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- SPO, INRAE, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin P Byrne
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H Wolfe
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Morio F, Lombardi L, Binder U, Loge C, Robert E, Graessle D, Bodin M, Lass-Flörl C, Butler G, Le Pape P. Precise genome editing using a CRISPR-Cas9 method highlights the role of CoERG11 amino acid substitutions in azole resistance in Candida orthopsilosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:2230-2238. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAzoles are one of the main antifungal classes for the treatment of candidiasis. In the current context of emerging drug resistance, most studies have focused on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata or Candida auris but, so far, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of resistance in other species, including Candida orthopsilosis.ObjectivesWe investigated azole resistance in a C. orthopsilosis clinical isolate recovered from a patient with haematological malignancy receiving fluconazole prophylaxis.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility to fluconazole was determined in vitro (CLSI M27-A3) and in vivo (in a Galleria mellonella model of invasive candidiasis). The CoERG11 gene was then sequenced and amino acid substitutions identified were mapped on the predicted 3D structure of CoErg11p. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genome-editing strategy was used to introduce relevant mutations into a fluconazole-susceptible C. orthopsilosis isolate.ResultsCompared with unrelated C. orthopsilosis isolates, the clinical isolate exhibited both in vitro and in vivo fluconazole resistance. Sequencing of the CoERG11 gene identified several amino acid substitutions, including two possibly involved in fluconazole resistance (L376I and G458S). Both mutations mapped close to the active site of CoErg11p. Engineering these mutations in a different genetic background using CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrated that G458S, but not L376I, confers resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole.ConclusionsOur data show that the G458S amino acid substitution in CoERG11p, but not L376I, contributes to azole resistance in C. orthopsilosis. In addition to highlighting the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for precise genome editing in the field of antifungal resistance, we discuss some points that are critical to improving its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morio
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155 – IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Cédric Loge
- Département de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155 – IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Robert
- Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155 – IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France
| | - Denise Graessle
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Marine Bodin
- Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155 – IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155 – IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France
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Abstract
Hybridisation of waste to energy with solar facility can take competing energy technologies and make them complementary. However, realising the benefits of solar integration requires careful consideration of the technical feasibility as well as the economic and environmental benefits of a proposed system. In this work, a solar-integrated waste-to-energy plant scheme is proposed and analysed from an energy, environmental and economic point of view. The new system integrates a traditional waste-to-energy plant with a concentrated solar power plant, by superheating the steam produced by the waste-to-energy flue gas boiler in the solar facility. The original waste-to-energy plant - that is, the base case before introducing the integration with concentrated solar power - has a thermal power input of 50 MW and operates with superheated steam at 40 bar and 400 °C; net power output is 10.7 MW, and the net energy efficiency is equal to 21.65%. By combining waste-to-energy plant with the solar facility, the power plant could provide higher net efficiency (from 1.4 to 3.7 p.p. higher), lower specific CO2 emissions (from 69 to 180 kg MWh-1 lower) and lower levellised cost of electricity (from 13.4 to 42.3 EUR MWh-1 lower) comparing with the standalone waste to energy case. The study shows that: (i) in the integrated case and for the increasing steam parameters energy, economic and ecological performances are improved; (ii) increasing the solar contribution could be an efficient way to improve the process and system performances. In general, we can conclude that concentrated solar-power technology holds significant promise for extending and developing the waste to energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mendecka
- 1 Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- 2 Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pawel Gladysz
- 3 Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Poland
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21
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Lombardi L, Salzberg LI, Cinnéide EÓ, O’Brien C, Butler G. Large-scale generation of mutant strains in Candida parapsilosis using CRISPR-Cas9. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Bonechi L, Baccani G, Bongi M, Brocchini D, Casagli N, Ciaranfi R, Cimmino L, Ciulli V, D'Alessandro R, Del Ventisette C, Dini A, Gigli G, Gonzi S, Guideri S, Lombardi L, Melon B, Mori N, Nocentini M, Noli P, Saracino G, Viliani L. Tests of a novel imaging algorithm to localize hidden objects or cavities with muon radiography. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 377:rsta.2018.0063. [PMID: 30530539 PMCID: PMC6335299 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm developed within muon radiography to localize objects or cavities hidden inside large material volumes was recently proposed by some of the authors (Bonechi et al. 2015 J. Instrum. 10, P02003 (doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/02/P02003)). The algorithm, based on muon back projection, helps to estimate the three-dimensional position and the transverse extension of detected objects without the need for measurements from different points of view, which would be required to make a triangulation. This algorithm can now be tested owing to the availability of real data collected both in laboratory tests and from real-world measurements. The methodology and some test results are presented in this paper.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Cosmic-ray muography'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonechi
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - G Baccani
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - M Bongi
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - D Brocchini
- Parchi Val di Cornia, Via Giovanni Lerario 90, 57025 Piombino (LI), Italy
| | - N Casagli
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - R Ciaranfi
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - L Cimmino
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - V Ciulli
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - R D'Alessandro
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - C Del Ventisette
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - A Dini
- IGG-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - S Gonzi
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - S Guideri
- Parchi Val di Cornia, Via Giovanni Lerario 90, 57025 Piombino (LI), Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - B Melon
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - N Mori
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
| | - M Nocentini
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - P Noli
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Saracino
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Viliani
- INFN Firenze, Via B. Rossi 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Firenze), Italy
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Ausili E, Marte A, Brisighelli G, Midrio P, Mosiello G, La Pergola E, Lombardi L, Iacobelli BD, Caponcelli E, Meroni M, Leva E, Rendeli C. Short versus mid-long-term outcome of transanal irrigation in children with spina bifida and anorectal malformations. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:2471-2479. [PMID: 29948136 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed short- and mid-long-term clinical efficacy of transanal irrigation (TAI) and its effect on the quality of life of children with spina bifida (SB) and anorectal malformations (ARM). METHODS Seventy-four pediatric patients (age 6-17 years) with SB and ARM with neurogenic bowel dysfunction were enrolled for a prospective and multicentric study. Patients were evaluated before the beginning of TAI (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after at least 2 years (range 24-32 months) (T2) using a questionnaire assessing bowel function, the Bristol scale, and two validated questionnaires on quality of life: the CHQ-PF50 questionnaire for the parents of patients aged 6-11 years and the SF36 questionnaires for patients aged between 12 and 18 years. RESULTS Seventy-two patients completed TAI program in T1, and 67 continued into T2. Bowel outcomes (constipation and fecal incontinence) improved in both the SB and the ARM groups in the short and mid-long term. In both groups at T1 and T2, parents and children reported an improvement in quality of life and there was a significant increase of stool form types 4 and 5 as described by the Bristol scale. Common adverse effects during the study were similar at T1 and T2 without serious complications. CONCLUSIONS We observed a sustained improvement in bowel management and quality of life in SB and ARM children during the study, more significant in the short term than in mid-long term. To maintain success rates in the mid-long term and to reduce the dropout rate, we propose patient training and careful follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ausili
- Spina Bifida Center, Department of Science of the Health of Women and Children, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy. .,Spina Bifida Center-Pediatric Department, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Marte
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - G Brisighelli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P Midrio
- Mother and Child Department, Cà Foncello Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - G Mosiello
- Neuro-Urology Unit/Spina Bifida Center and Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E La Pergola
- Mother and Child Department, Cà Foncello Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - B D Iacobelli
- Neuro-Urology Unit/Spina Bifida Center and Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Caponcelli
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Vittore Buzzi Pediatric Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Meroni
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Vittore Buzzi Pediatric Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - E Leva
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Rendeli
- Spina Bifida Center, Department of Science of the Health of Women and Children, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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24
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de Alteriis E, Lombardi L, Falanga A, Napolano M, Galdiero S, Siciliano A, Carotenuto R, Guida M, Galdiero E. Polymicrobial antibiofilm activity of the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its analogue. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:189-195. [PMID: 30227230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work illustrates a new role for the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its derivative gH625-GCGKKK in impairing formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Mixed biofilms composed of Candida and bacterial species cause frequently infections and failure of medical silicone devices and also show a major drug resistance than single-species biofilms. Inhibition and eradication of biofilms were evaluated by complementary methods: XTT-reduction, and crystal violet staining (CV). Our results indicate that gH625-GCGKKKK, better than the native peptide, strongly inhibited formation of mixed biofilms of clinical isolates of C. tropicalis/S. marcescens and C. tropicalis/S. aureus and reduced the biofilm architecture, interfering with cell adhesion and polymeric matrix, as well as eradicated the long-term polymicrobial biofilms on silicone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - M Napolano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - S Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - R Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy.
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Donovan PD, Holland LM, Lombardi L, Coughlan AY, Higgins DG, Wolfe KH, Butler G. TPP riboswitch-dependent regulation of an ancient thiamin transporter in Candida. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007429. [PMID: 29852014 PMCID: PMC5997356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboswitches are non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to specific ligands. They are primarily found in bacteria. However, one riboswitch type, the thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitch, has also been described in some plants, marine protists and fungi. We find that riboswitches are widespread in the budding yeasts (Saccharomycotina), and they are most common in homologs of DUR31, originally described as a spermidine transporter. We show that DUR31 (an ortholog of N. crassa gene NCU01977) encodes a thiamin transporter in Candida species. Using an RFP/riboswitch expression system, we show that the functional elements of the riboswitch are contained within the native intron of DUR31 from Candida parapsilosis, and that the riboswitch regulates splicing in a thiamin-dependent manner when RFP is constitutively expressed. The DUR31 gene has been lost from Saccharomyces, and may have been displaced by an alternative thiamin transporter. TPP riboswitches are also present in other putative transporters in yeasts and filamentous fungi. However, they are rare in thiamin biosynthesis genes THI4 and THI5 in the Saccharomycotina, and have been lost from all genes in the sequenced species in the family Saccharomycetaceae, including S. cerevisiae. Thiamin, or Vitamin B1, is an essential requirement in all living organisms because it is a co-factor for many enzymes in metabolism. Unlike animals, many yeasts can synthesize thiamin, or they can import it from the environment. Expression of thiamin biosynthesis genes and of thiamin transporters is strictly regulated in response to the presence of thiamin. In many filamentous fungi, expression of thiamin biosynthesis genes is regulated by TPP riboswitches, RNA regulatory elements that are located within messenger RNA. TPP riboswitches are rare in yeasts. However, we find that TPP riboswitches are conserved in an ancient thiamin transporter, found in filamentous fungi, yeasts and other related organisms. There appears to be a high turnover of thiamin transporters in fungi, and there has been a gradual loss of TPP riboswitches in yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Donovan
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda M. Holland
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aisling Y. Coughlan
- School of Medicine and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Desmond G. Higgins
- School of Medicine and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H. Wolfe
- School of Medicine and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The authors report a case of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver in a 66-year-old woman. Electron microscopy findings suggest an origin from the biliary epithelium as well as cholangiocarcinoma, which clinical and prognostic features are similar to those of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Palma
- Divisioni di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Pilotti S, Patriarca C, Lombardi L, Scopsi L, Rilke F. Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: A Clinicopathologic and Ultrastructural Study of 10 Cases. Tumori 2018; 78:121-9. [PMID: 1523704 DOI: 10.1177/030089169207800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinico-pathologic characteristics of 10 resected pulmonary tumors, which proved to be well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (WDNC) on the basis of light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic investigations, were evaluated. The tumors showed a wide spectrum of histologic features that could be referred to three basic patterns: 1) a carcinoid-like pattern; 2) an organoid pattern characterized by palisading cells at the edge of cellular areas, and 3) a prevalent adenocarcinoma-like pattern. The second pattern was the most distinct even though it often mimicked the small cell/large cell subtype of small cell carcinoma (SCC) owing to its association with marked atypia and poor differentiation. All but one of the patients were males and smokers. The mean age was 58 years. Half of the tumors were centrally located including those showing the adenocarcinoma-like pattern. Disease-free and overall survival and type of tumor dissemination in four patients were similar to those of SCC. Five evaluable patients were alive and disease-free after a mean follow-up of 74 months. Two of these were initially diagnosed as SCC. We conclude that, because of its impact on prognosis, the diagnosis of WDNC appears to be relevant although other factors able to adversely affect the clinical course remain undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pilotti
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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28
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Abstract
We describe two cases of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver in two young women. Both patients presented with diffuse intra-abdominal metastases; nevertheless they had a survival of 28 and 32 months, respectively, which sustains the better prognosis of this neoplasm. Electron microscopy of one case confirmed the oncocytic features of the neoplastic cells and showed intra- and intercellular duct-like vacuoles with numerous microvilli containing a microfilament core that terminated in a terminal web, which represents an unusual aspect in the spectrum of differentiation of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.
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29
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Abstract
We reviewed the pathologic and clinical features of 7 cases of clear-cell hepatocellular carcinomas. Tumor cells had a typical clear, empty cytoplasm due to prominent accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets, as demonstrated by ultrastructural study in one of our cases. Follow-up of the 7 patients did not confirm the better prognosis of this tumor reported by other investigators. The clinical course of our cases was more unfavorable than that of the other 130 cases of usual hepatocellular carcinomas treated at this Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Audisio
- Divisioni di Oncologia Chirurgica A, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italia
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30
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Abstract
A nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) with morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation is described. Whereas areas of neural differentiation and occasional argyrophilic cells in cases of Wilms' tumor have been previously reported, the unique characteristic in this case was the extent of the neuroendocrine differentiation, as shown by a strong Grimelius stain of over 90 % of the blastematous cells. Immunoperoxidase studies employing antibodies to neuron-specific enolase and ultrastructural data were also in favor of the neuroendocrine differentiation and suggested the existence, in addition to the already reported variant of Wilms' tumor with neural differentiation, of a neuroendocrine variant which may be part of the histologic spectrum of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orazi
- Divisione di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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31
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Abstract
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a very rare lesion. Herein we describe two cases of this entity which occurred in two women aged 22 and 49 years, respectively. Both cases were considered to be clinically malignant and only the histopathologic examination revealed the non-neoplastic nature of the disease. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies further supported the evidence of a reactive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andreola
- Division of Pathology and Citology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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32
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Pilotti S, Rilke F, Lombardi L, Pastorino U. Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy of Intravascular Bronchioloalveolar Tumor of the Lung. Tumori 2018; 69:283-92. [PMID: 6312648 DOI: 10.1177/030089168306900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on an intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IVBAT) detected in the lungs of a 45-year-old female. The results of the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations stress the already suggested endothelial origin of the tumor. The clinical and histopathologic differential diagnoses between IVBAT and other rare tumors of the lung are discussed. Similarities of IVBAT with other more or less recently described endothelial tumors of the liver, skin and soft tissues are pointed out.
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33
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Abstract
We report a case of ileal carcinoid which clinically presented as a primary breast carcinoma. Review of the literature demonstrated only 9 cases of carcinoids metastatic to the breast. In spite of the rarity of this event, the differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic carcinoid of the breast should be considered in view of the different clinical management of these two settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Palma
- Divisioni di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italia
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34
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Pilotti S, Carbone A, Lombardi L, Tavolato C, Rilke F. Hairy Cell Leukemia: Enzyme-histochemical and Ultrastructural Investigation of one Case. Tumori 2018; 64:535-47. [PMID: 746602 DOI: 10.1177/030089167806400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation was carried out on blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, one lymph node biopsy, and the surgically removed spleen of a 53-year-old man with hairy cell leukemia. In the blood smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa, 60 to 70 % of the hairy cells contained tubular inclusions that corresponded to the ribosome-lamella complexes demonstrated at electron microscopy. In blood smears, imprints and cryostatic sections of the lymph node and of the spleen, hairy cells revealed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and adenosine-triphosphatase activity. In the spleen neutral esterase and alkaline phosphatase demonstrated the numerical increase of the histiocytes, which ultrastructurally displayed phagocytic activity. The presence in the spleen of pseudosinuses lined by hairy cells was confirmed by electron microscopy as well as by cytoenzymology.
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35
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Abstract
A case is reported of the simultaneous occurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma and a small cell carcinoma, both centrally located, in the right upper lobe and a peripheral adenocarcinoma in the right lower lobe. The simultaneous occurrence of three primary lung carcinomas is discussed in the light of a probable common cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Badiali
- Divisioni di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italia
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36
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Abstract
A soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma was studied by light and electron microscopy. The presence of fibroblast-like cells, histiocyte-like cells, undifferentiated stem cells, and xanthomatous cells was confirmed. Fibroblast- and histiocyte-like multinucleated giant cells were also observed. The observation of lysosomes in some fibroblast-like cells, the features of undifferentiated stem cells, and the presence of cells with intermediate characteristics common to xanthomatous, histiocytic, and stem cells suggest a strict relationship among these cellular types.
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37
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Abstract
Light and electron microscopy study of an unusual primary liver neoplasm observed in a 36-year-old woman. By light microscopy the tumor, initially detected by a needle biopsy and later surgically removed, was mainly composed of spindle-shaped and multinucleated cells which were similar to rhabdomyoblasts. These cells, however, showed ultrastructural features of hepatocytes.
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38
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Abstract
Spindle-cell hepatocellular carcinoma is an unusual morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma with a typical sarcomatous appearance. The exact diagnosis of this tumor may be difficult when only small biopsies are available and in the absence of ultrastructural studies. We describe two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma: one was entirely composed of spindle-shaped cells, and the other was a typical hepatocellular carcinoma with only a small area of sarcomatous, fusiform cells. In the first case, ultrastructural studies demonstrated desmosomes and many Mallory bodies and confirmed the epithelial nature of the neoplasm. In the second case, no ultrastructural studies were available, but the presence of gradual transition from liver cell carcinoma to spindle-cell carcinoma excludede the diagnosis of carcino-sarcoma.
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39
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Abstract
A retrospective survey of all electron microscopic (EM) examinations of surgical pathology specimens obtained at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan over a 5-year period (1981-1985) was carried out. During this time a total of 259 cases were examined: for 97 (38%) electron microscopy provided a substantial diagnostic contribution, whereas in 151 (58%) it confirmed the previous light microscopic diagnosis. In our experience, EM was most useful for diagnosing selected cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma predominantly metastatic, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and poorly differentiated neuroepithelial tumors and less helpful in the further analysis of cases of malignant mesothelioma, Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and fibrohistiocytic malignancies. In cases of well-differentiated neuroepithelial tumors, such as carcinoids, EM data was essentially confirmatory of (immuno)-histochemical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lombardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology A, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italia
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40
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41
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Abstract
A systematic search for viral particles was carried out in thymuses of C3Hf inbred mice treated with leukemogenic doses of urethan. Thymuses collected during the tumor latent period and thymic lymphosarcomas were examined. A group of 38 mice was treated, starting at 10 days of age, with 5 i.p. doses of urethan (lmg/g body weight) once every two days. This treatment induces approximately 30 per cent thymic lymphosarcomas in C3Hf mice, after an average period of 20 weeks, whereas no spontaneous thymic lymphosarcomas develop in untreated controls. Six animals with thymic lymphosarcoma were killed between 16–32 weeks of age; the others were sacrificed at 3,5,10 and 14 weeks of age when they did not have any recognizable thymic tumor either grossly or microscopically. As control, thymuses of a group of 28 untreated mice were examined. Mature and immature type C particles morphologically indistinguishable from the murine leukemogenic viruses and intracisternal A particles were observed. The immature C particles and intracisternal A particles were found in all the groups of treated and untreated mice. Intracisternal A particles were more numerous in the untreated than in the treated animals. The number of A particles in the neoplastic thymuses was far inferior than that observed in the treated animals killed before development of lymphoma. The amount of immature C particles was always much less than that of A particles. No significant difference in the number of immature C particles was observed in all experimental groups. Mature C particles were only seen in the thymus of a few treated or untreated mice, never in thymic lymphosarcomas. Within the limits of this investigation, the results presented are not consistent with the view that urethan may act by stimulating viral multiplication.
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42
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Tagliabue E, Ghirelli C, Lombardi L, Castiglioni F, Asnaghi L, Longhi C, Borrello MG, Aiello P, Ménard S. Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Directed against the High-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 14:68-72. [PMID: 10399625 DOI: 10.1177/172460089901400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor corresponds to the tyrosine protein kinase encoded by the proto-oncogene trkA. Different findings suggest that nerve growth factor (NGF) can be operative in the growth modulation of tumor cell lines possessing high-affinity binding sites for this molecule. Using as immunizing material the SKNBE neuroblastoma cell line transfected with proto-trkA we produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb) able to recognize the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. The selected MAb, designated MGR12, is directed against an epitope present on the extracellular domain of the receptor since it showed reactivity on living trkA-expressing cells and was able to immunoprecipitate the proto-trkA molecule. The MGR12 MAb is directed against a non-functional epitope since it neither inhibited NGF binding nor induced receptor internalization. This new reagent appears to be an appropriate tool for analyzing the expression of high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor in tumors of different origin and for elucidating its involvement in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tagliabue
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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43
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Napolitano F, Di Iorio V, Testa F, Tirozzi A, Reccia MG, Lombardi L, Farina O, Simonelli F, Gianfrancesco F, Di Iorio G, Melone MAB, Esposito T, Sampaolo S. Autosomal-dominant myopia associated to a novel P4HA2 missense variant and defective collagen hydroxylation. Clin Genet 2018; 93:982-991. [PMID: 29364500 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a complex multisystem syndrome in which mild-moderate myopia segregated as an independent trait. A plethora of genes has been related to sporadic and familial myopia. More recently, in Chinese patients severe myopia (MYP25, OMIM:617238) has been linked to mutations in P4HA2 gene. Seven family members complaining of reduced distance vision especially at dusk underwent complete ophthalmological examination. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the gene responsible for myopia in the pedigree. Moderate myopia was diagnosed in the family which was associated to the novel missense variant c.1147A > G p.(Lys383Glu) in the prolyl 4-hydroxylase,alpha-polypeptide 2 (P4HA2) gene, which catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline residues in the collagen strands. In vitro studies demonstrated P4HA2 mRNA and protein reduced expression level as well as decreased collagen hydroxylation and deposition in mutated fibroblast primary cultures compared to healthy cell lines. This study suggests that P4HA2 mutations may lead to myopic axial elongation of eyeball as a consequence of quantitative and structural alterations of collagen. This is the first confirmatory study which associates a novel dominant missense variant in P4HA2 with myopia in Caucasian patients. Further studies in larger cohorts are advisable to fully clarify genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Napolitano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Tirozzi
- IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - L Lombardi
- Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - O Farina
- Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - G Di Iorio
- Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - M A B Melone
- Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - T Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - S Sampaolo
- Neurology Clinic II, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Neurology, Metabolic Diseases and Geriatrics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Lyden A, Lombardi L, Sire W, Li P, Simpson JC, Butler G, Lee GU. Characterization of carboxylate nanoparticle adhesion with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Nanoscale 2017; 9:15911-15922. [PMID: 29019498 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the lead fungal pathogen of nosocomial bloodstream infections worldwide and has mortality rates of 43%. Nanoparticles have been identified as a means to improve medical outcomes for Candida infections, enabling sample concentration, serving as contrast agents for in vivo imaging, and delivering therapeutics. However, little is known about how nanoparticles interact with the fungal cell wall. In this report we used laser scanning confocal microscopy to examine the interaction of fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles of specific surface chemistry and diameter with C. albicans and mutant strains deficient in various C. albicans surface proteins. Carboxylate-functionalized nanoparticles adsorbed mainly to the hyphae of wild-type C. albicans. The dissociative binding constant of the nanoparticles was ∼150, ∼30 and ∼2.5 pM for 40, 100 nm and 200 nm diameter particles, respectively. A significant reduction in particle binding was observed with a Δals3 strain compared to wild-type strains, identifying the Als3 adhesin as the main mediator of this nanoparticle adhesion. In the absence of Als3, nanoparticles bound to germ tubes and yeast cells in a pattern resembling the localization of Als1, indicating Als1 also plays a role. Nanoparticle surface charge was shown to influence binding - positively charged amine-functionalized nanoparticles failed to bind to the hyphal cell wall. Binding of carboxylate-functionalized nanoparticles was observed in the presence of serum, though interactions were reduced. These observations show that Als3 and Als1 are important targets for nanoparticle-mediated diagnostics and therapeutics, and provide direction for optimal diameter and surface characteristics of nanoparticles that bind to the fungal cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lyden
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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45
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De Blasiis P, Mazzoli D, Farina O, Lombardi L, Melone M, Di Iorio G, Sampaolo S. Postural and gait patterns assessed by 3D movement analysis in a late onset Pompe disease sibship. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Sampaolo S, Bernardini S, Pascarella A, Farina O, Terracciano C, Lombardi L, Napolitano F, Esposito T, Di Iorio G. Sensitivity and specificity of the PAS positive lymphocyte vacuoles in the diagnostic approach to late onset Pompe disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Lombardi L, Turner SA, Zhao F, Butler G. Gene editing in clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8051. [PMID: 28808289 PMCID: PMC5556056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is one of the most common causes of candidiasis, particularly in the very young and the very old. Studies of gene function are limited by the lack of a sexual cycle, the diploid genome, and a paucity of molecular tools. We describe here the development of a plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene editing in C. parapsilosis. A major advantage of the system is that it can be used in any genetic background, which we showed by editing genes in 20 different isolates. Gene editing is carried out in a single transformation step. The CAS9 gene is expressed only when the plasmid is present, and it can be removed easily from transformed strains. There is theoretically no limit to the number of genes that can be edited in any strain. Gene editing is increased by homology-directed repair in the presence of a repair template. Editing by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) also occurs in some genetic backgrounds. Finally, we used the system to introduce unique tags at edited sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lombardi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Siobhán A Turner
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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48
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Conte G, Scola E, Calloni S, Brambilla R, Campoleoni M, Lombardi L, Di Berardino F, Zanetti D, Gaini LM, Triulzi F, Sina C. Flat Panel Angiography in the Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Temporal Bone: Assessment of Image Quality and Radiation Dose Compared with a 64-Section Multisection CT Scanner. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1998-2002. [PMID: 28751512 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cross-sectional imaging of the temporal bone is challenging because of the complexity and small dimensions of the anatomic structures. We evaluated the role of flat panel angiography in the cross-sectional imaging of the temporal bone by comparing its image quality and radiation dose with a 64-section multisection CT scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected 29 multisection CT and 29 flat panel angiography images of normal whole-head temporal bones. Image quality was assessed by 2 neuroradiologists, who rated the visualization of 30 anatomic structures with a 3-point ordinal scale. The radiation dose was assessed with an anthropomorphic phantom. RESULTS Flat panel angiography showed better image quality than multisection CT in depicting the anterior and posterior crura of the stapes, the footplate of the stapes, the stapedius muscle, and the anterior ligament of the malleus (P < .05). In contrast, multisection CT showed better image quality than flat panel angiography in assessing the tympanic membrane, the bone marrow of the malleus and incus, the tendon of the tensor tympani, the interscalar septum, and the modiolus of the cochlea (P < .05). Flat panel angiography had a significantly higher overall image quality rating than multisection CT (P = .035). A reduction of the effective dose of approximately 40% was demonstrated for flat panel angiography compared with multisection CT. CONCLUSIONS Flat panel angiography shows strengths and weaknesses compared with multisection CT. It is more susceptible to artifacts, but due to the higher spatial resolution, it shows equal or higher image quality in assessing some bony structures of diagnostic interest. The lower radiation dose is an additional advantage of flat panel angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conte
- From the Postgraduation School of Radiodiagnostics (G.C., S.C.)
| | - E Scola
- Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., L.L., F.T., C.S.)
| | - S Calloni
- From the Postgraduation School of Radiodiagnostics (G.C., S.C.)
| | - R Brambilla
- Health Physics Unit (R.B., M.C.), Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Campoleoni
- Health Physics Unit (R.B., M.C.), Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., L.L., F.T., C.S.)
| | | | | | - L M Gaini
- Otolaryngology Unit (L.M.G.), Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Triulzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (F.T.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., L.L., F.T., C.S.)
| | - C Sina
- Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., L.L., F.T., C.S.)
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Lombardi L, Zoppo M, Rizzato C, Egan CG, Scarpato R, Tavanti A. Use of Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism to Genotype Pseudomonas stutzeri Strains Following Exposure to Ultraviolet Light A. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:107-111. [PMID: 29359695 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in ultraviolet light radiation can act as a selective force on the genetic and physiological traits of a microbial community. Two strains of the common soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, isolated from aquifer cores and from human spinal fluid were exposed to ultraviolet light. Amplification length polymorphism analysis (AFLP) was used to genotype this bacterial species and evaluate the effect of UVA-exposure on genomic DNA extracted from 18 survival colonies of the two strains compared to unexposed controls. AFLP showed a high discriminatory power, confirming the existence of different genotypes within the species and presence of DNA polymorphisms in UVA-exposed colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lombardi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Zoppo
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Arianna Tavanti
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
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