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Fernandez LA, Martin-Mayor V, Yllanes D. Phase transition in the computational complexity of the shortest common superstring and genome assembly. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014133. [PMID: 38366408 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Genome assembly, the process of reconstructing a long genetic sequence by aligning and merging short fragments, or reads, is known to be NP-hard, either as a version of the shortest common superstring problem or in a Hamiltonian-cycle formulation. That is, the computing time is believed to grow exponentially with the problem size in the worst case. Despite this fact, high-throughput technologies and modern algorithms currently allow bioinformaticians to handle datasets of billions of reads. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we address this conundrum by demonstrating the existence of a phase transition in the computational complexity of the problem and showing that practical instances always fall in the "easy" phase (solvable by polynomial-time algorithms). In addition, we propose a Markov-chain Monte Carlo method that outperforms common deterministic algorithms in the hard regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Yllanes
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - SF, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Fernandez LA, Pemartin IGA, Martin-Mayor V, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Rizzo T, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Veca M. Erratum: Numerical test of the replica-symmetric Hamiltonian for correlations of the critical state of spin glasses in a field [Phys. Rev. E 105, 054106 (2022)]. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:069901. [PMID: 38243553 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.069901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.105.054106.
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Dehkordi NR, Knapp M, Compton P, Fernandez LA, Alshawabkeh AN, Larese-Casanova P. Degradation of Dissolved RDX, NQ, and DNAN by Cathodic Processes in an Electrochemical Flow-Through Reactor. J Environ Chem Eng 2022; 10:107865. [PMID: 37124117 PMCID: PMC10147348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Both legacy munitions compounds (e.g., RDX) and new insensitive high explosives (e.g. DNAN, NQ) are being manufactured and utilized concurrently, and there exists a need for wastewater treatment systems that are able to degrade both classes of explosives. Electrochemical systems offer treatment possibilities using inexpensive materials and no chemical additions. Electrochemically induced removal of RDX, NQ, and DNAN were separately studied within an electrochemical plug flow reactor hosting a stainless steel (SS) cathode and downstream Ti/MMO anode. Varying wire mesh cathodes and operating conditions were evaluated in an effort to identify the optimal cathode material, to determine the relative contributions of cathodically-induced removal processes, to shorten time to steady-state removal conditions, and to find practical ranges of operating conditions. Applied current allowed the cathode to support munitions removal mainly by direct reduction at the cathode surface, and the secondary reactions of cathodically-induced alkaline hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenation by adsorbed H on Ni-containing cathode surfaces might contribute to some munitions degradation. The optimal cathode material was identified as SS grade 316, possibly due to its superior Ni content and lack of corrosion protection coating. Higher current, longer cathode length, and smaller mesh pore sizes resulted in slightly greater removal extents and shorter acclimation times to steady state removal conditions, but there are practical upper limits to these properties. Higher Ni content within SS improved RDX and NQ removal but does not affect DNAN removal. Prolonged use of SS grade 316 showed no debilitating changes in electrical performance or chemical content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip Larese-Casanova
- Corresponding Author: Philip Larese-Casanova, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA, Phone: +1-617-373-2899; Fax: +1-617-373-4419,
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Compton P, Dehkordi NR, Knapp M, Fernandez LA, Alshawabkeh AN, Larese-Casanova P. Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalysis of Electrogenerated H2O2 for Dissolved RDX Removal. Front Chem Eng 2022; 4. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.864816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New insensitive high explosives pose great challenges to conventional explosives manufacturing wastewater treatment processes and require advanced methods to effectively and efficiently mineralize these recalcitrant pollutants. Oxidation processes that utilize the fundamental techniques of Fenton chemistry optimized to overcome conventional limitations are vital to provide efficient degradation of these pollutants while maintaining cost-effectiveness and scalability. In this manner, utilizing heterogeneous catalysts and in-situ generated H2O2 to degrade IHEs is proposed. For heterogeneous catalyst optimization, varying the surface chemistry of activated carbon for use as a catalyst removes precipitation complications associated with iron species in Fenton chemistry while including removal by adsorption. Activated carbon impregnated with 5% MnO2 in the presence of H2O2 realized a high concentration of hydroxyl radical formation - 140 μM with 10 mM H2O2 - while maintaining low cost and relative ease of synthesis. This AC-Mn5 catalyst performed effectively over a wide pH range and in the presence of varying H2O2 concentrations with a sufficient effective lifetime. In-situ generation of H2O2 removes the logistical and economic constraints associated with external H2O2, with hydrophobic carbon electrodes utilizing generated gaseous O2 for 2-electron oxygen reduction reactions. In a novel flow-through reactor, gaseous O2 is generated on a titanium/mixed metal oxide anode with subsequent H2O2 electrogeneration on a hydrophobic microporous-layered carbon cloth cathode. This reactor is able to electrogenerate 2 mM H2O2 at an optimized current intensity of 150 mA and over a wide range of flow rates, influent pH values, and through multiple iterations. Coupling these two optimization methods realizes the production of highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals by Fenton-like catalysis of electrogenerated H2O2 on the surface of an MnO2-impregnated activated carbon catalyst. This method incorporates electrochemically induced oxidation of munitions in addition to removal by adsorption while maintaining cost-effectiveness and scalability. It is anticipated this platform holds great promise to eliminate analogous contaminants.
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Fernandez LA, Gonzalez-Adalid Pemartin I, Martin-Mayor V, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Rizzo T, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Veca M. Numerical test of the replica-symmetric Hamiltonian for correlations of the critical state of spin glasses in a field. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054106. [PMID: 35706223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the sluggish low-temperature dynamics of glass formers (e.g., supercooled liquids, colloids, or spin glasses) is due to a growing correlation length. Which is the effective field theory that describes these correlations? The natural field theory was drastically simplified by Bray and Roberts in 1980. More than 40 years later, we confirm the tenets of Bray and Roberts's theory by studying the Ising spin glass in an externally applied magnetic field, both in four spatial dimensions (data obtained from the Janus collaboration) and on the Bethe lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Unità di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Unità di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - T Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Complex Systems (ISC) - CNR, Rome Unit, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Veca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zhai Q, Paga I, Baity-Jesi M, Calore E, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gonzalez-Adalid Pemartin I, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Iñiguez D, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Moreno-Gordo J, Muñoz-Sudupe A, Navarro D, Orbach RL, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Schlagel DL, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Scaling Law Describes the Spin-Glass Response in Theory, Experiments, and Simulations. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:237202. [PMID: 33337211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation length ξ, a key quantity in glassy dynamics, can now be precisely measured for spin glasses both in experiments and in simulations. However, known analysis methods lead to discrepancies either for large external fields or close to the glass temperature. We solve this problem by introducing a scaling law that takes into account both the magnetic field and the time-dependent spin-glass correlation length. The scaling law is successfully tested against experimental measurements in a CuMn single crystal and against large-scale simulations on the Janus II dedicated computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhai
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - I Paga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma I-00185, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Baity-Jesi
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - E Calore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cruz
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Gil-Narvion
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - A Gordillo-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - D Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Moreno-Gordo
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Sudupe
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Electrónica y Comunicaciones and I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R L Orbach
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Parisi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Perez-Gaviro
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Escuela Universitaria Politécnica-La Almunia, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S F Schifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara e INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D L Schlagel
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - B Seoane
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Tarancon
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Tripiccione
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Yllanes
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Mueller AV, Eden MJ, Oakes JM, Bellini C, Fernandez LA. Quantitative Method for Comparative Assessment of Particle Removal Efficiency of Fabric Masks as Alternatives to Standard Surgical Masks for PPE. Matter 2020. [PMID: 32838296 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069567v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, cloth masks are being used to control the spread of virus, but the efficacy of these loose-fitting masks is not well known. Here, tools and methods typically used to assess tight-fitting respirators were modified to quantify the efficacy of community-produced and commercially produced fabric masks as personal protective equipment. Two particle counters concurrently sample ambient air and air inside the masks; mask performance is evaluated by mean particle removal efficiency and statistical variability when worn as designed and with a nylon overlayer, to independently assess fit and material. Worn as designed, both commercial surgical masks and cloth masks had widely varying effectiveness (53%-75% and 28%-91% particle removal efficiency, respectively). Most surgical-style masks improved with the nylon overlayer, indicating poor fit. This rapid testing method uses widely available hardware, requires only a few calculations from collected data, and provides both a holistic and aspect-wise evaluation of mask performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Mueller
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Eden
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mueller AV, Eden MJ, Oakes JM, Bellini C, Fernandez LA. Quantitative Method for Comparative Assessment of Particle Removal Efficiency of Fabric Masks as Alternatives to Standard Surgical Masks for PPE. Matter 2020; 3:950-962. [PMID: 32838296 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, cloth masks are being used to control the spread of virus, but the efficacy of these loose-fitting masks is not well known. Here, tools and methods typically used to assess tight-fitting respirators were modified to quantify the efficacy of community-produced and commercially produced fabric masks as personal protective equipment. Two particle counters concurrently sample ambient air and air inside the masks; mask performance is evaluated by mean particle removal efficiency and statistical variability when worn as designed and with a nylon overlayer, to independently assess fit and material. Worn as designed, both commercial surgical masks and cloth masks had widely varying effectiveness (53%-75% and 28%-91% particle removal efficiency, respectively). Most surgical-style masks improved with the nylon overlayer, indicating poor fit. This rapid testing method uses widely available hardware, requires only a few calculations from collected data, and provides both a holistic and aspect-wise evaluation of mask performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Mueller
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Eden
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mueller AV, Eden MJ, Oakes JM, Bellini C, Fernandez LA. Quantitative Method for Comparative Assessment of Particle Removal Efficiency of Fabric Masks as Alternatives to Standard Surgical Masks for PPE. Matter 2020; 3:950-962. [PMID: 32838296 PMCID: PMC7346791 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, cloth masks are being used to control the spread of virus, but the efficacy of these loose-fitting masks is not well known. Here, tools and methods typically used to assess tight-fitting respirators were modified to quantify the efficacy of community-produced and commercially produced fabric masks as personal protective equipment. Two particle counters concurrently sample ambient air and air inside the masks; mask performance is evaluated by mean particle removal efficiency and statistical variability when worn as designed and with a nylon overlayer, to independently assess fit and material. Worn as designed, both commercial surgical masks and cloth masks had widely varying effectiveness (53%-75% and 28%-91% particle removal efficiency, respectively). Most surgical-style masks improved with the nylon overlayer, indicating poor fit. This rapid testing method uses widely available hardware, requires only a few calculations from collected data, and provides both a holistic and aspect-wise evaluation of mask performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Mueller
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Eden
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Joyce AS, Fernandez LA, Burgess RM. In Situ Investigation of Performance Reference Compound-Based Estimates of PCB Equilibrated Passive Sampler Concentrations and C free in the Marine Water Column. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1165-1173. [PMID: 32187698 PMCID: PMC7307426 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene sheets are used as passive samplers for aquatic environmental monitoring to measure the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree ) of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). Freely dissolved HOCs in water will partition into the polyethylene until a thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved; that is, the HOC's activity in the passive sampler is the same as its activity in the surrounding environment. One way to evaluate the equilibrium status or estimate the uptake kinetics is by using performance reference compounds (PRCs). A fractional equilibrium (feq ) can be determined for target HOCs, under the assumption that PRC desorption from the passive sampler occurs at the same rate as for the unlabeled target HOCs. However, few investigations have evaluated how effectively and accurately PRCs estimate target contaminant Cfree under in situ conditions. In the present study, polyethylene passive samplers were preloaded with 6 13 C-labeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as PRCs; deployed in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA; and collected after 30-, 56-, 99-, and 129-d deployments. Using this unique temporal sampling design, PRC results from each deployment were fit to a diffusion model to estimate the Cfree of 27 PCB congeners and compare the results between the different deployment times. Smaller PCBs had variable concentrations over the 4 deployments, whereas mid-molecular weight PCBs had consistent Cfree measurements for all deployments (relative standard deviation <20%). High-molecular weight PCBs had the largest Cfree estimates after 30 d; these estimates and their standard deviations decreased with longer deployment times. These findings suggest that when targeting PCBs with more than 6 chlorines or contaminants with a log octanol-water partition coefficient ≥6.5, a deployment time longer than 30 d may be prudent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1165-1173. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Joyce
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- Office of Research and Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
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Wang D, Tooker NB, Srinivasan V, Li G, Fernandez LA, Schauer P, Menniti A, Maher C, Bott CB, Dombrowski P, Barnard JL, Onnis-Hayden A, Gu AZ. Side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) process improves system performance - A full-scale comparative study. Water Res 2019; 167:115109. [PMID: 31585384 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the common challenges in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) related to stability and unfavorable influent carbon to phosphorus ratio, a side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) process that involves a side-stream anaerobic biological sludge hydrolysis and fermentation reactor was proposed as an emerging alternative. In this study, a full-scale pilot testing was performed with side-by-side operation of a conventional anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O) process versus a S2EBPR process. A comparison of the performance, activity and microbial community between the two configurations was performed. The results demonstrated that, with the same influent wastewater characteristics, S2EBPR configuration showed improved P removal performance and stability than the conventional A2O configuration, especially when the mixers in the side-stream anaerobic reactor were operated intermittently. Mass balance analysis illustrated that both denitrification and EBPR were enhanced in S2EBPR configuration, where return activated sludge was diverted into the anaerobic zone to promote fermentation and enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), and the influent was bypassed to the anoxic zone for enhancing denitrification. A relatively higher PAO activity and total PAO abundance were observed in S2EBPR than in A2O configuration, accompanied by a higher degree of dependence on glycolysis pathway than tricarboxylic acid cycle. No significant difference in the relative abundances of putative PAOs, including Ca. Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, were observed between the two configurations. However, higher microbial community diversity indices were observed in S2EBPR configuration than in conventional one. In addition, consistently lower relative abundance of known glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) was observed in S2EBPR system. Extended anaerobic retention time and conditions that generate continuous and more complex volatile fatty acids in the side-stream anaerobic reactor of S2EBPR process likely give more competitive advantage for PAOs over GAOs. PAOs exhibited sustained EBPR activity and delayed decay under extended anaerobic condition, likely due to their versatile metabolic pathways depending on the availability and utilization of multiple intracellular polymers. This study provided new insights into the effects of implementing side-stream EBPR configuration on microbial populations, EBPR activity profiles and resulted system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Peter Schauer
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Adrienne Menniti
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Chris Maher
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Paul Dombrowski
- Woodard & Curran, Inc., 1699 King Street, Enfield, CT, 06082, United States
| | - James L Barnard
- Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, MO, 64114, United States
| | - Annalisa Onnis-Hayden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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12
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Gidley PT, Kennedy AJ, Lotufo GR, Wooley AH, Melby NL, Ghosh U, Burgess RM, Mayer P, Fernandez LA, Schmidt SN, Wang AP, Bridges TS, Ruiz CE. Bioaccumulation in Functionally Different Species: Ongoing Input of PCBs with Sediment Deposition to Activated Carbon Remediated Bed Sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2326-2336. [PMID: 31233239 PMCID: PMC6993789 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon-amended bed sediments reduced total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in 3 functionally different marine species, sandworms (Alitta virens), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), during both clean and contaminated ongoing sediment inputs. Mesocosm experiments were conducted for 90 d to evaluate native, field-aged bed sediment PCBs, and ongoing input PCBs added 3 times a week. Simulated in situ remediation applied an activated carbon dose equal to the native organic carbon content that was premixed into the bed sediment for 1 mo. The highest bioaccumulation of native PCBs was in worms that remained in and directly ingested the sediment, whereas the highest bioaccumulation of the input PCBs was in fish that were exposed to the water column. When periodic PCB-contaminated sediment inputs were introduced to the water column, the activated carbon remedy had minimal effect on the input PCBs, whereas the native bed PCBs still dominated bioaccumulation in the control (no activated carbon). Therefore, remediation of only the local bedded sediment in environmental systems with ongoing contaminant inputs may have lower efficacy for fish and other pelagic and epibenthic organisms. While ongoing inputs continue to obscure remedial outcomes at contaminated sediment sites, the present study showed clear effectiveness of activated carbon amendment remediation on native PCBs despite these inputs but no remediation effectiveness for the input-associated PCBs (at least within the present study duration). Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2326-2336. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T. Gidley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Alan J. Kennedy
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Guilherme R. Lotufo
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
| | - Allyson H. Wooley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Nicolas L. Melby
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Sediment Solutions, Ellicott City, MD, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Loretta A. Fernandez
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stine N. Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alice P. Wang
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd S. Bridges
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Carlos E. Ruiz
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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13
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Flavetta GM, Cahill RL, Fernandez LA. Demographics near waste-to-energy plants: Poverty-level changes from 2000 to 2015. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019; 15:163-164. [PMID: 30589996 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geanna M Flavetta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Linnaea Cahill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Baity-Jesi M, Calore E, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Iñiguez D, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Moreno-Gordo J, Muñoz-Sudupe A, Navarro D, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Aging Rate of Spin Glasses from Simulations Matches Experiments. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:267203. [PMID: 30004737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.267203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on spin glasses can now make precise measurements of the exponent z(T) governing the growth of glassy domains, while our computational capabilities allow us to make quantitative predictions for experimental scales. However, experimental and numerical values for z(T) have differed. We use new simulations on the Janus II computer to resolve this discrepancy, finding a time-dependent z(T,t_{w}), which leads to the experimental value through mild extrapolations. Furthermore, theoretical insight is gained by studying a crossover between the T=T_{c} and T=0 fixed points.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baity-Jesi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Calore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cruz
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Fernandez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Gil-Narvion
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gordillo-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - D Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Moreno-Gordo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Sudupe
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Electrónica y Comunicaciones and I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Perez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Carretera de Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S F Schifano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Seoane
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratoire de physique théorique, Département de physique de l'ENS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Tarancon
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Tripiccione
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Yllanes
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physics and Soft and Living Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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15
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Jonker MTO, van der Heijden SA, Adelman D, Apell JN, Burgess RM, Choi Y, Fernandez LA, Flavetta GM, Ghosh U, Gschwend PM, Hale SE, Jalalizadeh M, Khairy M, Lampi MA, Lao W, Lohmann R, Lydy MJ, Maruya KA, Nutile SA, Oen AMP, Rakowska MI, Reible D, Rusina TP, Smedes F, Wu Y. Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory Comparison. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3574-3582. [PMID: 29488382 PMCID: PMC5863099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11 laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10), but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry. Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability (<factor of 1.7). It is concluded that passive sampling, irrespective of the specific method used, is fit for implementation in risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments, provided that method setup and performance, as well as chemical analyses are quality-controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel T. O. Jonker
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Phone: +31 30 2535338; e-mail: (M.T.O.J.)
| | - Stephan A. van der Heijden
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Adelman
- Graduate
School of Oceanography, University of Rhode
Island, South Ferry Road,
URI Bay Campus, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Apell
- RM Parsons
Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- Atlantic
Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Loretta A. Fernandez
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Geanna M. Flavetta
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Philip M. Gschwend
- RM Parsons
Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah E. Hale
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute, Environmental Technology, Sognsveien 72, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mehregan Jalalizadeh
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Mohammed Khairy
- Graduate
School of Oceanography, University of Rhode
Island, South Ferry Road,
URI Bay Campus, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Moharam Bek, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mark A. Lampi
- ExxonMobil Biomedical
Sciences, Incorporated, 1545 US 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08822, United States
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research
Project Authority. 3535
Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate
School of Oceanography, University of Rhode
Island, South Ferry Road,
URI Bay Campus, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Center
for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of
Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Keith A. Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research
Project Authority. 3535
Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Samuel A. Nutile
- Center
for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of
Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Amy M. P. Oen
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute, Environmental Technology, Sognsveien 72, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magdalena I. Rakowska
- Civil,
Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41023, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1023, United States
| | - Danny Reible
- Civil,
Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41023, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1023, United States
| | - Tatsiana P. Rusina
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science,
Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science,
Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanwen Wu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Schmidt SN, Wang AP, Gidley PT, Wooley AH, Lotufo GR, Burgess RM, Ghosh U, Fernandez LA, Mayer P. Cross Validation of Two Partitioning-Based Sampling Approaches in Mesocosms Containing PCB Contaminated Field Sediment, Biota, and Activated Carbon Amendment. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:9996-10004. [PMID: 28766940 PMCID: PMC5705054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Gold Standard for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment interstitial water would be in situ deployment combined with equilibrium sampling, which is generally difficult to achieve. In the present study, ex situ equilibrium sampling with multiple thicknesses of silicone and in situ pre-equilibrium sampling with low density polyethylene (LDPE) loaded with performance reference compounds were applied independently to measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mesocosms with (1) New Bedford Harbor sediment (MA, U.S.A.), (2) sediment and biota, and (3) activated carbon amended sediment and biota. The aim was to cross validate the two different sampling approaches. Around 100 PCB congeners were quantified in the two sampling polymers, and the results confirmed the good precision of both methods and were in overall good agreement with recently published LDPE to silicone partition ratios. Further, the methods yielded Cfree in good agreement for all three experiments. The average ratio between Cfree determined by the two methods was factor 1.4 ± 0.3 (range: 0.6-2.0), and the results thus cross-validated the two sampling approaches. For future investigations, specific aims and requirements in terms of application, data treatment, and data quality requirements should dictate the selection of the most appropriate partitioning-based sampling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine N. Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Stine N. Schmidt, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Phone: (+45) 45251425. and Loretta A. Fernandez, Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. Phone: (+1) 617 373 5461.
| | - Alice P. Wang
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip T. Gidley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Allyson H. Wooley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Guilherme R. Lotufo
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Upal Ghosh
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loretta A. Fernandez
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Stine N. Schmidt, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Phone: (+45) 45251425. and Loretta A. Fernandez, Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. Phone: (+1) 617 373 5461.
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Billoire A, Fernandez LA, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Moreno-Gordo J, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ. Numerical Construction of the Aizenman-Wehr Metastate. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:037203. [PMID: 28777596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.037203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chaotic size dependence makes it extremely difficult to take the thermodynamic limit in disordered systems. Instead, the metastate, which is a distribution over thermodynamic states, might have a smooth limit. So far, studies of the metastate have been mostly mathematical. We present a numerical construction of the metastate for the d=3 Ising spin glass. We work in equilibrium, below the critical temperature. Leveraging recent rigorous results, our numerical analysis gives evidence for a dispersed metastate, supported on many thermodynamic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Billoire
- Institute de Physique Théorique, CEA Saclay and CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Nanotec, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Moreno-Gordo
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Nanotec, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Nanotec, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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18
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Fernandez LA, Romaguera R, Viciana AL, Ruiz P, Tzakis AG, Ricordi C. Pulmonary Embolism with Bone Fragments following Vertebral Body Marrow Infusion for Tolerance Induction. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:513-6. [PMID: 8800520 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocols of donor bone marrow infusion for tolerance induction are receiving increasing attention in clinical trials of organ allotransplantation. We report pulmonary embolism with bone fragments following vertebral body marrow infusion in a recipient of a liver and intestinal transplant. Even though pulmonary embolism with bony microfragments has been widely described following bone marrow transplantation, the use of single, high-dose donor bone marrow infusion and/or multiple infusions currently under clinical investigation for induction of donor specific unresponsiveness, may warrant the implementation of additional steps in the vertebral body marrow processing technique to decrease or eliminate the component of bony microfragments in the final preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Division of Surgery, Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Baity-Jesi M, Calore E, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Iñiguez D, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Monforte-Garcia J, Muñoz-Sudupe A, Navarro D, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Matching Microscopic and Macroscopic Responses in Glasses. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:157202. [PMID: 28452502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.157202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We first reproduce on the Janus and Janus II computers a milestone experiment that measures the spin-glass coherence length through the lowering of free-energy barriers induced by the Zeeman effect. Secondly, we determine the scaling behavior that allows a quantitative analysis of a new experiment reported in the companion Letter [S. Guchhait and R. Orbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 157203 (2017)].PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.157203 The value of the coherence length estimated through the analysis of microscopic correlation functions turns out to be quantitatively consistent with its measurement through macroscopic response functions. Further, nonlinear susceptibilities, recently measured in glass-forming liquids, scale as powers of the same microscopic length.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baity-Jesi
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Calore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cruz
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Fernandez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Gil-Narvion
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gordillo-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, U. de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - D Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, 50003 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Monforte-Garcia
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Sudupe
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Electrónica y Comunicaciones and I3A, U. de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Perez-Gaviro
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Carretera de Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S F Schifano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Seoane
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, École Normale Supérieure & Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Pierre et Marie Curie & Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8549 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Tarancon
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Tripiccione
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Yllanes
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physics and Soft Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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Scalea JR, Redfield RR, Arpali E, Leverson GE, Bennett RJ, Anderson ME, Kaufman DB, Fernandez LA, D'Alessandro AM, Foley DP, Mezrich JD. Does DCD Donor Time-to-Death Affect Recipient Outcomes? Implications of Time-to-Death at a High-Volume Center in the United States. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:191-200. [PMID: 27375072 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For donation after circulatory death (DCD), many centers allow 1 h after treatment withdrawal to donor death for kidneys. Our center has consistently allowed 2 h. We hypothesized that waiting longer would be associated with worse outcome. A single-center, retrospective analysis of DCD kidneys transplanted between 2008 and 2013 as well as a nationwide survey of organ procurement organization DCD practices were conducted. We identified 296 DCD kidneys, of which 247 (83.4%) were transplanted and 49 (16.6%) were discarded. Of the 247 recipients, 225 (group 1; 91.1%) received kidneys with a time to death (TTD) of 0-1 h; 22 (group 2; 8.9%) received grafts with a TTD of 1-2 h. Five-year patient survival was 88.8% for group 1, and 83.9% for group 2 (p = 0.667); Graft survival was also similar, with 5-year survival of 74.1% for group 1, and 83.9% for group 2 (p = 0.507). The delayed graft function rate was the same in both groups (50.2% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.984). TTD was not predictive of graft failure. Nationally, the average maximum wait-time for DCD kidneys was 77.2 min. By waiting 2 h for DCD kidneys, we performed 9.8% more transplants without worse outcomes. Nationally, this practice would allow for hundreds of additional kidney transplants, annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Scalea
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - R R Redfield
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - E Arpali
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - G E Leverson
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - R J Bennett
- University of Wisconsin Organ and Tissue Donation, Madison, WI
| | - M E Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Organ and Tissue Donation, Madison, WI
| | - D B Kaufman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - L A Fernandez
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - A M D'Alessandro
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - D P Foley
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - J D Mezrich
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Drollette BD, Hoelzer K, Warner NR, Darrah TH, Karatum O, O'Connor MP, Nelson RK, Fernandez LA, Reddy CM, Vengosh A, Jackson RB, Elsner M, Plata DL. Elevated levels of diesel range organic compounds in groundwater near Marcellus gas operations are derived from surface activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13184-9. [PMID: 26460018 PMCID: PMC4629325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511474112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of organic chemicals are used during natural gas extraction via high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF). However, it is unclear whether these chemicals, injected into deep shale horizons, reach shallow groundwater aquifers and affect local water quality, either from those deep HVHF injection sites or from the surface or shallow subsurface. Here, we report detectable levels of organic compounds in shallow groundwater samples from private residential wells overlying the Marcellus Shale in northeastern Pennsylvania. Analyses of purgeable and extractable organic compounds from 64 groundwater samples revealed trace levels of volatile organic compounds, well below the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels, and low levels of both gasoline range (0-8 ppb) and diesel range organic compounds (DRO; 0-157 ppb). A compound-specific analysis revealed the presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which is a disclosed HVHF additive, that was notably absent in a representative geogenic water sample and field blanks. Pairing these analyses with (i) inorganic chemical fingerprinting of deep saline groundwater, (ii) characteristic noble gas isotopes, and (iii) spatial relationships between active shale gas extraction wells and wells with disclosed environmental health and safety violations, we differentiate between a chemical signature associated with naturally occurring saline groundwater and one associated with alternative anthropogenic routes from the surface (e.g., accidental spills or leaks). The data support a transport mechanism of DRO to groundwater via accidental release of fracturing fluid chemicals derived from the surface rather than subsurface flow of these fluids from the underlying shale formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Drollette
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathrin Hoelzer
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nathaniel R Warner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Thomas H Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Osman Karatum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Megan P O'Connor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Robert B Jackson
- School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511;
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22
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Fernandez LA, Gschwend PM. Predicting bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soft-shelled clams (Mya arenaria) using field deployments of polyethylene passive samplers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:993-1000. [PMID: 25598269 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF), frequently used to predict tissue concentrations of organisms living within and above sediments contaminated with hydrophobic organic chemicals, often produce inaccurate estimates. Hence, freely dissolved porewater concentrations, CW , have also been investigated as predictors of organism tissue concentrations, but they are more difficult to measure than bulk sediment concentrations (used with BSAF). In situ passive sampling methods, however, make it possible to deduce CW with less effort than required to measure the value directly and make it possible to relate CW with tissue concentrations of undisturbed, native organisms. In the present study, polyethylene passive samplers containing performance reference compounds (d10-phenanthrene, d10-pyrene, and d12-chrysene) were deployed in diverse sediment beds near Boston, Massachusetts, USA, for a 1-wk period. Clams (Mya arenaria) and sediments were then collected from the deployed sediment beds. Concentrations of 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene) were measured in the porewaters, in clam tissues, and in the bulk sediment. Biota-sediment accumulation factors and polyethylene-deduced CW were used to predict organism tissue concentrations. Ratios of predicted-to-measured values showed that the BSAF method over-predicted tissue concentrations in M. arenaria by up to 2 orders of magnitude. The polyethylene-deduced CW method resulted in average ratios closer to 1 (0.43 ± 0.26, 3.7 ± 2.5, and 1.1 ± 1.2 for phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene, respectively, N = 26, uncertainty = ± 1σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Perron MM, Burgess RM, Cantwell MG, Fernandez LA. Evaluating cost when selecting performance reference compounds for the environmental deployment of polyethylene passive samplers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015; 11:256-265. [PMID: 25234621 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in environmental passive sampling is determining when equilibrium is achieved between the sampler, target contaminants, and environmental phases. A common approach is the use of performance reference compounds (PRCs) to estimate target contaminant sampling rates and indicate degree of sampler equilibrium. One logistical issue associated with using PRCs is their sometimes exorbitant cost. To address PRC expense, this investigation 1) compared the performance of inexpensive PRCs (deuterated PAHs) and expensive PRCs ((13) C-labeled PCBs) to estimate dissolved PCB concentrations in freshwater and marine deployments, and 2) evaluated the use of smaller quantities of PRC relative to regular amounts used for estimating dissolved PAH and PCB concentrations. Saltwater and freshwater site average differences between total dissolved PCB concentrations calculated using the 2 classes of PRCs was 34 pg/L (20%) and 340 pg/L (51%), respectively, and in some deployments, statistical differences in PCB concentrations generated by the 2 types of PRCs were detected. However, no statistical differences were detected between total dissolved PAH and PCB for the 3 quantities of PRCs. In both investigations, individual dissolved PCB congeners and PAH compounds demonstrated comparable behavior as those expressed as total PCB or PAH dissolved concentrations. This research provides evidence that in some applications passive sampling using inexpensive and smaller quantities of PRCs can yield cost savings of approximately 75%. This approach appears most promising in the marine water column and when focusing on dissolved concentrations of low and medium molecular weight congeners or total PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Perron
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pesticides Programs, Washington, DC
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Fernandez LA, Lao W, Maruya KA, Burgess RM. Calculating the diffusive flux of persistent organic pollutants between sediments and the water column on the Palos Verdes shelf superfund site using polymeric passive samplers. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:3925-34. [PMID: 24564763 DOI: 10.1021/es404475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Passive samplers were deployed to the seafloor at a marine Superfund site on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA, and used to determine water concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the surface sediments and near-bottom water. A model of Fickian diffusion across a thin water boundary layer at the sediment-water interface was used to calculate flux of contaminants due to molecular diffusion. Concentrations at four stations were used to calculate the flux of DDE, DDD, DDMU, and selected PCB congeners from sediments to the water column. Three passive sampling materials were compared: PE strips, POM strips, and SPME fibers. Performance reference compounds (PRCs) were used with PE and POM to correct for incomplete equilibration, and the resulting POP concentrations, determined by each material, agreed within 1 order of magnitude. SPME fibers, without PRC corrections, produced values that were generally much lower (1 to 2 orders of magnitude) than those measured using PE and POM, indicating that SPME may not have been fully equilibrated with waters being sampled. In addition, diffusive fluxes measured using PE strips at stations outside of a pilot remedial sand cap area were similar to those measured at a station inside the capped area: 240 to 260 ng cm(-2) y(-1) for p,p'-DDE. The largest diffusive fluxes of POPs were calculated at station 8C, the site where the highest sediment concentrations have been measured in the past, 1100 ng cm(-2) y(-1) for p,p'-DDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
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25
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Baity-Jesi M, Baños RA, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Iñiguez D, Maiorano A, Mantovani F, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Monforte-Garcia J, Muñoz Sudupe A, Navarro D, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Pivanti M, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Dynamical transition in the D=3 Edwards-Anderson spin glass in an external magnetic field. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:032140. [PMID: 24730822 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the off-equilibrium dynamics of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass in the presence of an external magnetic field. We have performed simulations both at fixed temperature and with an annealing protocol. Thanks to the Janus special-purpose computer, based on field-programmable gate array (FPGAs), we have been able to reach times equivalent to 0.01 s in experiments. We have studied the system relaxation both for high and for low temperatures, clearly identifying a dynamical transition point. This dynamical temperature is strictly positive and depends on the external applied magnetic field. We discuss different possibilities for the underlying physics, which include a thermodynamical spin-glass transition, a mode-coupling crossover, or an interpretation reminiscent of the random first-order picture of structural glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baity-Jesi
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R A Baños
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Cruz
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Gil-Narvion
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gordillo-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and D. de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, U. de Extremadura, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - D Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, and INFN, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IPCF-CNR, UOS Roma Kerberos and INFN, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Monforte-Garcia
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Muñoz Sudupe
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- D. de Ingeniería, Electrónica y Comunicaciones and I3A, U. de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IPCF-CNR, UOS Roma Kerberos and INFN, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Perez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Pivanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, and INFN, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IPCF-CNR, UOS Roma Kerberos and INFN, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S F Schifano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Ferrara and INFN, Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Seoane
- Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Tarancon
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Tripiccione
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, and INFN, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Yllanes
- Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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26
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Billoire A, Fernandez LA, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Yllanes D. Comment on "Evidence of non-mean-field-like low-temperature behavior in the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass model". Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:219701. [PMID: 23745941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.219701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Billoire
- Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Fernandez LA, Lao W, Maruya KA, White C, Burgess RM. Passive sampling to measure baseline dissolved persistent organic pollutant concentrations in the water column of the Palos Verdes Shelf Superfund site. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:11937-11947. [PMID: 23062073 DOI: 10.1021/es302139y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling was used to deduce water concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the vicinity of a marine Superfund site on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA. Precalibrated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and polyethylene (PE) strips that were preloaded with performance reference compounds (PRCs) were codeployed for 32 d along an 11-station gradient at bottom, surface, and midwater depths. Retrieved samplers were analyzed for DDT congeners and their breakdown products (DDE, DDD, DDMU, and DDNU) and 43 PCB congeners using GC-EI- and NCI-MS. PRCs were used to calculate compound-specific fractional equilibration achieved in situ for the PE samplers, using both an exponential approach to equilibrium (EAE) and numerical integration of Fickian diffusion (NI) models. The highest observed concentrations were for p,p'-DDE, with 2200 and 990 pg/L deduced from PE and SPME, respectively. The difference in these estimates could be largely attributed to uncertainty in equilibrium partition coefficients, unaccounted for disequilibrium between samplers and water, or different time scales over which the samplers average. The concordance between PE and SPME estimated concentrations for DDE was high (R(2) = 0.95). PCBs were only detected in PE samplers, due to their much larger size. Near-bottom waters adjacent to and down current from sediments with the highest bulk concentrations exhibited aqueous concentrations of DDTs and PCBs that exceeded Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) for human and aquatic health, indicating the need for future monitoring to determine the effectiveness of remedial activities taken to reduce adverse effects of contaminated surface sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA.
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Hirsch D, Odorico J, Radke N, Hanson M, Danobeitia JS, Hullett D, Alejandro R, Ricordi C, Fernandez LA. Correction of insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal after pancreatic islet transplantation: preliminary results. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:994-1003. [PMID: 20880346 PMCID: PMC6419521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) represents a potential curative treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes, but only 10-15% of patients remain insulin independent 5 years post-transplant. It is not known whether intrinsic insulin resistance exacerbated by immunosuppression plays a pivotal role in low graft survival. The study objective was to understand the changes in insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness (S(g)) and free fatty acid dynamics (FFAd) before and after PIT. METHODS Insulin sensitivity index (S(i)), S(g) and FFAd were measured before and after PIT in 10 lean patients, 8 of whom reached insulin independence. Modified Bergman minimal model of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed pretransplant and at 12 months post-transplant. Nine non-diabetic control (NDC) subjects matched by age, gender and BMI were used. RESULTS Pretransplant S(i) and S(g) were 3.5 ± 0.8 × 10(-5)/min/(pmol/l) and 0.74 ± 0.24 × 10(-2)/min, respectively. S(i) was significantly lower than matched NDCs [10.8 ± 0.6 × 10(-5)/min/(pmol/l), p < 0.004]; S(g) did not reach statistical significance (1.27 ± 0.22 × 10(-2)/min, p = 0.25). Compared to pretransplant values, mean post-transplant S(i) and S(g) were 9.6 ± 1.3 × 10(-5)/min/(pmol/l)and 1.28 ± 0.22 ×10(-2)/min, respectively, indicating significant improvement for S(i) but not S(g) (p = 0.008 and p = 0.06). Twelve-month post-PIT compared to NDC values were not significantly different (p = 0.58 and 0.97, respectively). In addition, fractional disposal rate for FFA which directly depends on the endogenous insulin release (10-20 min) nearly normalized after PIT (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION These preliminary findings demonstrate that PIT can restore glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity and partially correct glucose effectiveness and FFAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hirsch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA
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Alvarez Baños R, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Guidetti M, Maiorano A, Mantovani F, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Monforte-Garcia J, Muñoz Sudupe A, Navarro D, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Static versus dynamic heterogeneities in the D = 3 Edwards-Anderson-Ising spin glass. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:177202. [PMID: 21231075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.177202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study the aging properties of the dynamical heterogeneities in the Ising spin glass. We find that a phase transition takes place during the aging process. Statics-dynamics correspondence implies that systems of finite size in equilibrium have static heterogeneities that obey finite-size scaling, thus signaling an analogous phase transition in the thermodynamical limit. We compute the critical exponents and the transition point in the equilibrium setting, and use them to show that aging in dynamic heterogeneities can be described by a finite-time scaling ansatz, with potential implications for experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alvarez Baños
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Zaragoza, Spain
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Kaddis JS, Danobeitia JS, Niland JC, Stiller T, Fernandez LA. Multicenter analysis of novel and established variables associated with successful human islet isolation outcomes. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:646-56. [PMID: 20055802 PMCID: PMC2860018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy used to achieve glycometabolic control in a select subgroup of individuals with type I diabetes. However, features that characterize human islet isolation success prior to transplantation are not standardized and lack validation. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 806 isolation records from 14 pancreas-processing laboratories, considering variables from relevant studies in the last 15 years. The outcome was defined as post-purification islet equivalent count, dichotomized into yields > or =315 000 or < or =220 000. Univariate analysis showed that donor cause of death and use of hormonal medications negatively influenced outcome. Conversely, pancreata from heavier donors and those containing elevated levels of surface fat positively influence outcome, as did heavier pancreata and donors with normal amylase levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the positive impact on outcome of surgically intact pancreata and donors with normal liver function, and confirmed that younger donors, increased body mass index, shorter cold ischemia times, no administration of fluid/electrolyte medications, absence of organ edema, use of University of Wisconsin preservation solution and a fatty pancreas improves outcome. In conclusion, this multicenter analysis highlights the importance of carefully reviewing all donor, pancreas and processing parameters prior to isolation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kaddis
- Administrative and Bioinformatics Coordinating Center, Division of Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
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Fernandez LA, Harvey CF, Gschwend PM. Using performance reference compounds in polyethylene passive samplers to deduce sediment porewater concentrations for numerous target chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:8888-94. [PMID: 19943662 DOI: 10.1021/es901877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric passive samplers are useful for assessing hydrophobic organic chemical contamination in sediment beds. Here, an improved method is described for measuring concentrations of contaminants in porewater by using performance reference compounds (deuterated phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene) to calibrate sampler/site-specific mass transfer behavior. The method employs a one-dimensional diffusion model of chemical exchange between a polymer sheet of finite thickness and an unmixed sediment bed. The model is parametrized by diffusivities and partition coefficients for both the sampler and sediment. This method was applied to estimate porewater concentrations for seventeen PAHs from polymeric samplers deployed for 3-10 days in homogenized sediment from a coal-tar contaminated site. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the passive sampler results to concentrations measured through liquid-liquid extraction of physically separated porewaters, with corrections for sorption to colloidal organic carbon. The measurements made using the two methods matched within about a factor of 2.0 (+/-0.9) for the 17 target PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, MIT 48-411, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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32
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Fernandez LA, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Martin-Mayor V, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ. Microcanonical finite-size scaling in second-order phase transitions with diverging specific heat. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 80:051105. [PMID: 20364945 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A microcanonical finite-size ansatz in terms of quantities measurable in a finite lattice allows extending phenomenological renormalization (the so-called quotients method) to the microcanonical ensemble. The ansatz is tested numerically in two models where the canonical specific heat diverges at criticality, thus implying Fisher renormalization of the critical exponents: the three-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model and the two-dimensional four-state Potts model (where large logarithmic corrections are known to occur in the canonical ensemble). A recently proposed microcanonical cluster method allows simulating systems as large as L=1024 (Potts) or L=128 (Ising). The quotients method provides accurate determinations of the anomalous dimension, eta, and of the (Fisher-renormalized) thermal nu exponent. While in the Ising model the numerical agreement with our theoretical expectations is very good, in the Potts case, we need to carefully incorporate logarithmic corrections to the microcanonical ansatz in order to rationalize our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fernandez LA, Martin-Mayor V. Mean-value identities as an opportunity for Monte Carlo error reduction. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:051109. [PMID: 19518418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the Monte Carlo simulation of both lattice field theories and of models of statistical mechanics, identities verified by exact mean values, such as Schwinger-Dyson equations, Guerra relations, Callen identities, etc., provide well-known and sensitive tests of thermalization bias as well as checks of pseudo-random-number generators. We point out that they can be further exploited as control variates to reduce statistical errors. The strategy is general, very simple, and almost costless in CPU time. The method is demonstrated in the two-dimensional Ising model at criticality, where the CPU gain factor lies between 2 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fernandez LA, MacFarlane JK, Tcaciuc AP, Gschwend PM. Measurement of freely dissolved PAH concentrations in sediment beds using passive sampling with low-density polyethylene strips. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:1430-6. [PMID: 19350915 DOI: 10.1021/es802288w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess hydrophobic organic chemical (HOC) contamination in sediments, a method was developed using polyethylene (PE) passive samplers inserted directly in the intact sediment beds to measure freely dissolved HOC concentrations. Performance reference compounds (PRCs: d10-phenanthrene, d10-pyrene, and d12-chrysene), impregnated into the PE before use, allowed porewater concentrations to be deduced after exposure times much shorter than would be required for sampler equilibration (days instead of months). Three diverse sediments were used in the laboratory, and PE-deduced porewater concentrations of six native PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, and chrysene) matched results from air-bridge testing and from direct porewater extractions after correcting for colloid effects. PE strips, deployed from a boat in Boston Harbor, yielded concentrations that were like those measured in porewaters from a sediment core collected nearby. Notably, equilibrium partitioning (EqP) estimates were always much higher (up to 100x) than those measured using the other methods, suggesting the large inaccuracy of that approach. Hence, PE passive sampling appears to greatly improve the accuracy of assessing the hazards posed by compounds like PAHs in sediment beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, MIT 48-412, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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35
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Belletti F, Cotallo M, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Guidetti M, Maiorano A, Mantovani F, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Sudupe AM, Navarro D, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Sciretti D, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Velasco JL, Yllanes D. Nonequilibrium spin-glass dynamics from picoseconds to a tenth of a second. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:157201. [PMID: 18999632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study numerically the nonequilibrium dynamics of the Ising spin glass, for a time spanning 11 orders of magnitude, thus approaching the experimentally relevant scale (i.e., seconds). We introduce novel analysis techniques to compute the coherence length in a model-independent way. We present strong evidence for a replicon correlator and for overlap equivalence. The emerging picture is compatible with noncoarsening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Belletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Ferrara and INFN-Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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36
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Fox RA, Fernandez LA, Rajaraman R. Migration inhibition produced by sodium periodate oxidation of the macrophage membrane, and reversal by sodium borohydride. Scand J Immunol 2008; 6:1151-7. [PMID: 202016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were harvested 3 to 4 days after the intraperitoneal injection of Marcol oil. The washed cells were exposed to various concentrations of sodium periodate in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 for 10 min at +4 degrees C. The cells were then used in the in vitro migration assay, and migration was consistently inhibited at concentrations from 10(-3) to 10(-5) M. The viability of the macrophages was not affected by this treatment. Sodium borohydride (10(-3) to 10(-5) M) in PBS for 10 min at pH 7.4 reversed the periodate effect. Experiments with purified macrophages showed that sodium periodate has a direct effect on macrophage function rather than an indirect effect via the potentiation of migration inhibition factor. In support of this, the in vitro spreading of macrophages on glass substrate for 1 h has been shown to be inhibited. This spreading inhibition can also be reversed by treatment with sodium borohydride. These results provide a new approach to understanding the biological significance and role of macrophage migration inhibition.
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37
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Yagci G, Fernandez LA, Knechtle SJ, D'Alessandro AM, Chin LT, Musat AI, Lucey MR, Said A, Pirsch JD, Leverson G, Kalayoglu M. The impact of donor variables on the outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:219-23. [PMID: 18261591 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphologic characteristics of the graft have been proposed as a major contributor to the long-term outcomes in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Our objective was to determine the impact of donor variables, including donor age, donor-recipient HLA match, and type of donation (DCD vs donation after brain death [DBD]), on the outcome of OLT in 192 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Fourteen patients underwent OLT from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors and 188 from DBD donors. Mean donor age, warm ischemia time at recovery, and cold ischemia time were similar between the groups. Overall graft survival rate at 1 year (55% DCD vs 85% DBD) and 5 years (46% DCD vs 78% DBD) was significantly lower in the DCD group (P = .0003). Similarly, patient survival rate at 1 year (62% DCD vs 93% DBD) and 5 years (62% DCD vs 82% DBD) was significantly lower in the DCD group (P = .0295). Incidences of hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, and primary nonfunction were similar between the DCD and DBD groups. The incidence of liver abscess with ischemic-type biliary stricture was higher in recipients from DCD as compared with DBD (42% vs 2%). A trend toward lower graft survival was noted in recipients from donors older than 60 years of age in the HCV population (P = .07), with statistically lower patient survival (P = .02). Donor- recipient HLA matching did not appear to correlate with OLT outcome in patients with HCV. DCD donors and donors older than 60 years of age significantly impact patient and graft survival. Lower graft and patient survival in recipients from DCD donors does not appear to be related to early disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yagci
- Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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D'Alessandro AM, Knechtle SJ, Chin LT, Fernandez LA, Yagci G, Leverson G, Kalayoglu M. Liver transplantation in pediatric patients: twenty years of experience at the University of Wisconsin. Pediatr Transplant 2007; 11:661-70. [PMID: 17663691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developments in surgical technique, immunosuppression, organ procurement and preservation, and patient selection criteria have resulted in improved long-term patient and graft survival after pediatric liver transplantation. In this study, we examined the results of 196 liver transplants performed in 155 pediatric patients at University of Wisconsin Children's Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to age at the time of liver transplant. Infants under 12 months of age comprised Group 1 (n=74) and children from one to 18 yr comprised Group 2 (n=122). Outcomes for whole, reduced-size, and split liver transplantation were compared in infants and children. Biliary atresia was the most common indication in both groups. Patients underwent 128 whole size, 50 reduced size, and 18 split liver transplants. Forty-one retransplantations were performed in 14 infants (18.9%) and in 27 children (22.1%). One hundred eleven patients (56.6%) had one or more rejection episode [37 infants (50.0%) and 74 children (60.6%)]. Thirty-nine patients (19.8%) developed CMV infections, 42 (21.4%) developed EBV infections, and 14 developed PTLD (six infants and eight children). Thirty-six patients (18.3%) developed HAT. Seven patients (4.5%) developed malignancy (one infant and six children). Out of 155 patients, 33 (21.3%) died during the study period. The most common etiology of mortality included central nervous system pathology (n=7; 4.5%), sepsis (n=6; 3.8%), and cardiac causes (n=6; 3.8%). One-, five-, and 10-yr actuarial patient survival was 86, 79, and 74% in infants and 90, 83 and 80% in children. Graft survival at one, five, and 10 yr was 77, 73 and 71% in infants and 88, 81 and 78% in children, respectively. Despite its technical challenges, the outcomes of liver transplantation in pediatric patients with end-stage liver disease are excellent and result in significant long-term patient and graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M D'Alessandro
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA
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Adams RG, Lohmann R, Fernandez LA, MacFarlane JK, Gschwend PM. Polyethylene devices: passive samplers for measuring dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic environments. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:1317-23. [PMID: 17593736 DOI: 10.1021/es0621593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of polyethylene devices (PEDs) for assessing hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aquatic environments. Like semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), PEDs passively accumulate HOCs in proportion to their freely dissolved concentrations. Polyethylene-water partition constants (K(PEW)S) were measured in the laboratory for eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), five polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and one polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxin (PCDD), and these were found to correlate with octanol-water partition constants (K(OW)s; log K(PEW) = 1.13 log K(OW) - 0.86, R2 = 0.89). Temperature and salinity dependencies of K(PEW) values for the HOCs tested were well predicted with excess enthalpies of solution in water and Setschenow constants, respectively. We also showed that standards, impregnated in the PED before deployment, can be used to correct for incomplete equilibrations. Using PEDs, we measured phenanthrene and pyrene at ng/L concentrations and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl at pg/L concentrations in Boston Harbor seawater, consistent with our findings using traditional procedures. PEDs are cheap and robust samplers, competent to accomplish in situ, time-averaged passive sampling with fast equilibration times (approximately days) and simplified laboratory analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Adams
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, MIT 48-413, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Sollinger HW, Becker YT, Burlingham W, D'Alessandro AM, Fernandez LA, Hullett D, Knechtle SJ, Odorico JS, O'Loughlin S, Pirsch JD, Rieselbach RE, Sundberg A, Voss B. The history of the University of Wisconsin transplant program. Clin Transpl 2007:271-287. [PMID: 18637475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H W Sollinger
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
Organs donated after cardiac death (DCD) are used to expand the donor pool. We analyzed the outcomes in the United States of pancreatic transplantation of organs from DCD donors performed between 1993 and 2003. We used the OPTN/UNOS Registry to compare outcomes of primary pancreas allografts from DCD donors and donors after brain death (DBD). The primary endpoints were graft failure and patient death. A national survey regarding the use of DCD donors in pancreas transplantation was conducted among the directors of pancreas transplant centers. Data were obtained on 47 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants (SPK) and 10 solitary pancreas transplants from DCD donors and on 2431 SPK and 1607 solitary pancreas transplants from DBD donors. Recipients of a SPK transplants from DCD and DBD donors had equivalent patient and graft survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years. For recipients of SPK transplants, the wait for organs from DCD donors was significantly shorter than that for organs from DBD donors. SPK recipients of organs from DCD donors had longer hospital stays than did recipients of organs from DBD donors. With renal allografts, the incidence of delayed graft function was almost four times higher with organs from DCD donors than with organs from DBD donors. Selective use of organs from DCD donors is safe for pancreas transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Salvalaggio
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Achard J, Fournier A, Mazouz H, Caride VJ, Penar PL, Fernandez LA. Protection against ischemia: a physiological function of the renin-angiotensin system. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:261-71. [PMID: 11434899 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in a complex mechanism that serves to preserve the blood supply to organs so that they can maintain cellular function. Angiotensin II exerts this effect, independently of the blood pressure generated, through two time-related events: a fast opening of the reserve collateral circulation and a much slower response of new vessel formation or angiogenesis. This effect is observed in rats with ligation of the abdominal aorta and in gerbils with abrupt or progressive unilateral carotid artery ligation. Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or the angiotensin II receptor represses this effect, and it appears that it is mediated through a non-AT1 receptor site of angiotensin II. Many tumors, both benign and malignant, express renin and angiotensin. It seems that the stimulating action of angiotensin II on angiogenesis could also be involved in preserving the blood supply to tumor cells. Administration of converting enzyme inhibitors increases survival and decreases tumor size in tumor-bearing rats. These observations support the hypothesis that the RAS, directly or indirectly, is involved in situations in which the restoration of blood supply is critical for the viability of cells and that it is present not only in normal but also in pathological conditions such as tumors. In view of the ubiquitous presence of renins and angiotensins, it is also likely to be involved in other conditions, such as inflammation, arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and retrolental fibroplasia, among others in which angiogenesis is prominent. In addition, angiotensin II could be involved, through the counterbalance of the AT1 and AT2 receptors, in the rarefaction of blood vessels as an etiologic component of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Achard
- Department of Physiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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Fernandez LA, Couban S, Sy R, Miller R. An unusual presentation of extramedullary plasmacytoma occurring sequentially in the testis, subcutaneous tissue, and heart. Am J Hematol 2001; 67:194-6. [PMID: 11391718 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare neoplasm of soft tissue that usually arises in the respiratory tract, nasal cavity, sinuses, and nasopharynx. It is even more uncommon for it to arise either in the testis or heart. We report the presentation of a case where plasmacytomas were found sequentially in the testis, subcutaneous tissue, and heart. EMP usually has a good prognosis except when it involves the heart. Our patient survived for only 15 months post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Varela JE, Dolich MO, Fernandez LA, Kane A, Henry R, Livingston J, Arnold D, Namias N. Combined carotid artery injury and laryngeal fracture secondary to dog bite: case report. Am Surg 2000; 66:1016-9. [PMID: 11090009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 914 new dog bite injuries requiring emergency department visits occur daily in the United States. Attacks by dogs with training and strength to attack should be triaged cautiously because of the possibility of serious internal injury. A high index of suspicion is needed when treating patients with neck injuries secondary to dog bites. We report a case of successfully treated combined carotid artery and laryngeal injury produced by a dog bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Varela
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101, USA
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Fernandez LA, Lehmann R, Luzi L, Battezzati A, Angelico MC, Ricordi C, Tzakis A, Alejandro R. The effects of maintenance doses of FK506 versus cyclosporin A on glucose and lipid metabolism after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1999; 68:1532-41. [PMID: 10589951 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199911270-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has gained widespread attention due to the micro and macro-vascular complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of patients receiving solid organs. The higher incidence of PTDM has been mainly attributed to the immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, this study compares the metabolic side effects of low dose maintenance therapy of FK-506 and Cyclosporin A (CsA) in 14 patients 1 year after orthotopic liver transplant and analyzes possible factors that contribute to the development of PTDM. METHODS Two groups (n=7) differing in their immunosuppressive regimen (FK506 or CsA) were matched to eight control subjects and compared to each other. The effects of in vivo insulin action were assessed by means of the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Arginine stimulation tests at normo- (5.5 mM) and hyperglycemic (15 mM) levels were performed and the acute insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon response (2-5 min) to arginine were determined. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity (total glucose disposal) was statistically lower in patients treated with FK-506 and CsA (5.05+/-0.47 and 5.05+/-0.42 mg/kg/min) as compared to controls (6.62+/-0.38 mg/kg/min) (P<0.02), with a significantly higher nonoxidative glucose disposal for the control group (P<0.01), and lower free fatty acid levels (P<0.05). Absolute values for acute insulin response were higher but not significantly different for the transplanted groups. The lower percentage of increase of insulin release after arginine stimulation observed in the FK-506 and CsA groups as compared with controls (754%+/-100, 644%+/-102 vs. 1191%+/-174) (P<0.03 and 0.02, respectively), suggests a reduced beta cell secretory reserve in both treated groups. Also, the acute glucagon response to arginine during hyperglycemia declined less in the FK-506 (28%) and CsA groups (29%) compared with controls (48%) (P<0.05) indicating a defect in the pancreatic beta cell-alpha cell axis. CONCLUSIONS There are no major metabolic differences on low maintenance doses between FK-506 and CsA. Both immunosuppressant agents contribute to the development of PTDM at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
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Achard JM, Pruna A, Fernandez LA, Hottelart C, Mazouz H, Rosa A, Andrejak M, Fournier A. Prevention of stroke and cancer: could angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists do better than angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors? Am J Hypertens 1999; 12:1050-3. [PMID: 10560795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Achard
- Service de Néphrologie, Médecine Interne, Hopital Sud, Amiens, France
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47
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Kenyon NS, Fernandez LA, Lehmann R, Masetti M, Ranuncoli A, Chatzipetrou M, Iaria G, Han D, Wagner JL, Ruiz P, Berho M, Inverardi L, Alejandro R, Mintz DH, Kirk AD, Harlan DM, Burkly LC, Ricordi C. Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet allografts in baboons treated with humanized anti-CD154. Diabetes 1999; 48:1473-81. [PMID: 10389857 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.7.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical islet cell transplantation has resulted in insulin independence in a limited number of cases. Rejection, recurrence of autoimmunity, and impairment of normal islet function by conventional immunosuppressive drugs, e.g., steroids, tacrolimus, and cyclosporin A, may all contribute to islet allograft loss. Furthermore, intraportal infusion of allogeneic islets results in the activation of intrahepatic macrophages and endothelial cells, followed by production of proinflammatory mediators that can contribute to islet primary nonfunction. We reasoned that the beneficial effects of anti-CD154 treatment on autoimmunity, alloreactivity, and proinflammatory events mediated by macrophages and endothelial cells made it an ideal agent for the prevention of islet allograft failure. In this study, a nonhuman primate model (Papio hamadryas) was used to assess the effect of humanized anti-CD154 (hu5c8) on allogeneic islet engraftment and function. Nonimmunosuppressed and tacrolimus-treated recipients were insulin independent posttransplant, but rejected their islet allografts in 8 days. Engraftment and insulin independence were achieved in seven of seven baboon recipients of anti-CD154 induction therapy administered on days -1, 3, and 10 relative to the islet transplant. Three of three baboons treated with 20 mg/kg anti-CD154 induction therapy experienced delayed rejection episodes, first detected by elevations in postprandial blood glucose levels, on postoperative day (POD) 31 for one and on POD 58 for the other two. Re-treatment with three doses of anti-CD154 resulted in reversal of rejection in all three animals and in a return to normoglycemia and insulin independence in two of three baboons. It was possible to reverse multiple episodes of rejection with this approach. A loss of functional islet mass, as detected by reduced first-phase insulin release in response to intravenous glucose tolerance testing, was observed after each episode of rejection. One of two baboons treated with 10 mg/kg induction therapy became insulin independent post-transplant but rejected the islet graft on POD 10; the other animal experienced a reversible rejection episode on POD 58 and remained insulin independent and normoglycemic until POD 264. Two additional baboon recipients of allogeneic islets and donor bone marrow (infused on PODs 5 and 11) were treated with induction therapy (PODs -1, 3, 10), followed by initiation of monthly maintenance therapy (for a period of 6 months) on POD 28. Rejection-free graft survival and insulin independence was maintained for 114 and 238 days, with preservation of functional islet mass observed in the absence of rejection. Prevention and reversal of rejection, in the absence of the deleterious effects associated with the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs, make anti-CD154 a unique agent for further study in islet cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kenyon
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
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Fournier A, Ghitu A, Darabont R, Mazouz H, Makdassi R, Canaple S, Rosa A, Fernandez LA. [Duality of angiotensin II receptors and risk for stroke and cancer: what is the connection?]. Presse Med 1999; 28:918-22. [PMID: 10360191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AII) acts by 2 types of receptors: the ATI receptor which mediates its actions on vasoconstriction, renin (inhibition) and aldosterone (stimulation) secretions, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis and the non-AT1 (often called AT2) receptors. Mainly expressed in the embryon these latter may favor cellular differentiation and recruitment of collateral circulation. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) decrease the synthesis of All and therefore the stimulation of both receptor types whereas AT1-receptor antagonists (AT1RA) block only the stimulation of these latter and increase the stimulation of AT2 receptor since they increase the production of All secondarily to the inhibition of the feedback of renin secretion by All. Experimentally ACEI and AT1RA decrease angiogenesis and cellular proliferation and favor cellular differentiation which could explain the protective effect of ACEI against cancer suggested recently in a Scotish study. Despite of their common suppressive effect on angiogenesis AT1RA may better than ACEI protect against ischemic events specially the cerebral ones because they favor the rapid recruitment of collateral circulation. This has been demonstrated for losartan in case of abrupt ligation of the carotid in the gerbil since its previous administration protects against fatal cerebral ischemia whereas its previous administration with enalapril abolishes this protection. These data may explain why, in the CAPP trial, captopril which has prevented more effectively diabetes occurrence could not be proved superior to diuretics and/or betablocker in the prevention of myocardial infarction and specially of strokes for which exist on the contrary a suspicion of a lower protection. Therefore a comparative trial between AT1RA and ACEI in the prevention of stroke recurrence should appear as a priority for Public Health and Pharmaceutical Industry Authorities.
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Lehmann R, Fernandez LA, Bottino R, Szabo S, Ricordi C, Alejandro R, Kenyon NS. Evaluation of islet isolation by a new automated method (Coulter Multisizer Ile) and manual counting. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:373-4. [PMID: 9532086 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)01314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Lehmann
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Bottino R, Fernandez LA, Ricordi C, Lehmann R, Tsan MF, Oliver R, Inverardi L. Transplantation of allogeneic islets of Langerhans in the rat liver: effects of macrophage depletion on graft survival and microenvironment activation. Diabetes 1998; 47:316-23. [PMID: 9519734 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.47.3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early impairment of islet function and graft loss limit the success of allogeneic islet transplantation. Nonspecific inflammatory events occurring at the transplant site immediately after grafting, involving the production of cytokines and free radicals and sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) activation, may contribute to islet cell damage. To evaluate whether Kupffer cell inactivation would result in prolonged allograft survival in a model system of intrahepatic islet transplantation in rats, we systemically administered either gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) or dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) to assess the effects of macrophage inactivation on rejection and on the release of proinflammatory molecules, as well as to assess the functional profile of SEC. The results obtained were compared with those observed in untreated, sham-injected animals and in rats receiving intraportal infusions of microbeads. Transient macrophage inhibition, particularly in hepatic Kupffer cells, is associated with significant prolongation of graft survival after intraportal islet allotransplantation (ITx) in rats: 7.2 days in the control group versus 11.9 days in the GdCl3 group (P < 0.01) and 15.6 days in the Cl2MDP group (P < 0.0006), respectively. Although systemic release of inflammatory mediators was observed only when islet transplantations were performed and it could be inhibited by macrophage-targeting treatments, perturbation of the functional profile of endothelial cells was also observed when microembolization was induced by the use of microbeads and could not be prevented by macrophage inhibition. These experiments provide evidence to support the concept that macrophages play a key role in early inflammatory events known to adversely affect islet engraftment and suggest that manipulation of nonspecific immune activation by inhibition of macrophage function may facilitate hepatic engraftment of islet allografts. The mechanisms mediating this effect are likely to include prevention of release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NO and interference with the rate of immune response to the islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bottino
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA
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