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Queiroz MS, Alves PV, López-Hernández D, Anjos LA, Pinto HA. Exploring Neotropical anuran parasites: a morphological, life cycle and phylogenetic study of Catadiscus marinholutzi (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae). Parasitology 2021; 148:798-808. [PMID: 33593464 PMCID: PMC11010121 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amphistome species belonging to the genus Catadiscus are poorly studied intestinal trematodes found primarily in Neotropical anurans. Herein, developmental stages of an amphistome species found during herpetological and malacological surveys in a temporary marsh pond from Brazil were subjected to morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular analyses. Adult parasites recovered from anurans were identified as Catadiscus marinholutzi. Amphistome cercariae found in the planorbid snails Drepanotrema depressissimum and Drepanotrema lucidum from the same waterbody were used for experimental and molecular studies. Immature parasites, morphologically compatible with members of Catadiscus, were experimentally obtained in laboratory-reared tadpoles. Sequencing of a partial region of 28S rDNA gene of both adult and cercariae revealed 100% similarity between these developmental stages, confirming their conspecificity. Phylogenetic analyses were attempted for the first time to reveal the position of a species of Catadiscus in the superfamily Paramphistomoidea. Catadiscus marinholutzi falls in a virtual polytomy together with other paramphistomoids, which leaves its phylogenetic relationships within the group unclear. Moreover, the high genetic divergence to Diplodiscus spp. (10.06–10.84%) cast doubts on the placement of Catadiscus within Diplodiscidae. Hence the species composition of the Diplodiscidae should be re-evaluated in further studies using a broader spectrum of related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S. Queiroz
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Postal Code 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Philippe V. Alves
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Passeio Monção 226, Postal Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Hudson A. Pinto
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Xavier MA, Anjos LA, Gazêta GS, Machado IB, Storti-Melo LM, Dias EJR. Influence of Geographic Distribution on Parasite Loads in Teiid Lizards (Squamata: Ameivula) from Northeastern Brazil. HERPETOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00044.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, BA 40170-290, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S. Gazêta
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Ingrid B. Machado
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. Storti-Melo
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J. R. Dias
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho, SE 49500-000, Brazil
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Sally EOF, Anjos LA, Ramos EG, Fonseca VM, Silva BAM, Wahrlich V. Basal metabolic rate in pregnant adolescents. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 27:134-136. [PMID: 30144886 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In most clinical settings basal metabolic rate (BMR) is estimated by predictive equations (PE) but there is no specific algorithm for pregnant women. To this end, this study aimed to measure BMR (BMRm) in single-fetus primigravida 63 adolescent pregnant women recruited from primary health care units from a tropical municipality in Brazil. Additionally, BMRm was compared with estimated BMR from internationally recommended PE for nonpregnant adolescents. METHODS BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry early in the morning in the fasting pregnant adolescents in a quiet, noise and luminosity controlled room. Anthropometry was measured by conventional research protocols and pre-pregnancy anthropometry was obtained from a questionnaire. RESULTS Mean BMRm was 5447.3 (SD, 917.3) kJ/day. The PE provided biased (overestimation of 747.2 ± 774.1 kJ/day representing 15.7 ± 17.6%) and inaccurate (approximately 40% fell within ±10% of BMRm). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to develop accurate estimates of BMR and energy requirements during pregnancy especially in adolescents who are still growing but already nurture a new human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O F Sally
- Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional, Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Flumimense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, sala 415, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L A Anjos
- Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional, Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Flumimense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, sala 415, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - E G Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Rui Barbosa, 716, Flamengo, 22250-020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V M Fonseca
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Rui Barbosa, 716, Flamengo, 22250-020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B A M Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional, Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Flumimense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, sala 415, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Wahrlich
- Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional, Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Flumimense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, sala 415, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Aguiar A, Toledo GM, Anjos LA, Silva RJ. Helminth parasite communities of two Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) populations under different conditions of habitat integrity in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:963-8. [PMID: 26675914 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults of Physalaemus cuvieri were collected and necropsied between November 2009 and January 2010. This was carried out in order to report and compare the helminth fauna associated with two populations of this anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest under different conditions of habitat integrity. The hosts from the disturbed area were parasitized with five helminth taxa: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) and Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea) while those from the preserved area had four helminth taxa: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., and Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index and dominance frequency of helminth component communities were similar in both areas. The helminth community associated with anurans from the disturbed area had higher diversity than that from the preserved area. This study is the first to report on the acanthocephalan parasites of Ph. cuvieri, and the similarity between helminth fauna composition of two host populations under different selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aguiar
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - G M Toledo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L A Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - R J Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Rossato SL, Olinto MTA, Henn RL, Moreira LB, Camey SA, Anjos LA, Wahrlich V, Waissmann W, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC. Seasonal variation in food intake and the interaction effects of sex and age among adults in southern Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1015-22. [PMID: 25828623 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Because studies have evidenced variations in nutrient intake, further investigation of the interaction between demographic characteristics and the seasons is necessary. We aimed to test the differences in food intake throughout the seasons and the interaction between the seasons and sex and age. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 273 individuals. Food intake was evaluated with 24-hour dietary recalls, and the reported food items were sorted into food groups. We performed the test on the differences in intake of food groups throughout the seasons with repeated measures and on the interaction effect by using the Generalized Estimate Equation. RESULTS Intake of fruits and natural fruit juices and sweetened beverages was lower, whereas that of grains and derivatives was higher in the winter. The intake of leafy vegetables and fish and seafood was lower in the autumn. The consumption of coffee and eggs was higher in the spring. Intake of chocolate powder and sugar, salt and lean poultry was higher in the winter. The variation in consumption of grains and derivatives, eggs, fatty poultry and processed meat over the seasons was more likely to be modified by sex. Age interacted with the seasons for leafy vegetables, beans and lentils, lean beef, lean poultry, low fat milk and light yogurt, vegetable oil and unsalted margarine, chocolate powder and sugar and processed meat. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that food intake may change seasonally and that seasonal variation depends on sex and age, which might aggregate a specific co-variation component.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Rossato
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M T A Olinto
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - R L Henn
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - L B Moreira
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S A Camey
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L A Anjos
- Nutritional and Functional Assessment Laboratory, Department of Social Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - V Wahrlich
- Nutritional and Functional Assessment Laboratory, Department of Social Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - W Waissmann
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F D Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sousa JGG, Brito SV, Ávila RW, Teles DA, Araujo-Filho JA, Teixeira AAM, Anjos LA, Almeida WO. Helminths and Pentastomida of two synanthropic gecko lizards, Hemidactylus mabouia and Phyllopezus pollicaris, in an urban area in Northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 74:943-8. [PMID: 25627607 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths and pentastomids were examined in exotic Hemidactylus mabouia and native Phyllopezus pollicaris lizards, living synanthropically in an urban area in the municipality of Crato, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. A total of 194 lizards were collected, being 76 specimens of H. mabouia e 118 specimens of P. pollicaris. Six parasite species were found infecting H. mabouia: the cestode Oochoristica sp., the nematodes Parapharyngodon sceleratus, Physaloptera retusa, Physalopteroides venancioi, and Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis and the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae; while four parasite species were found associated with P. pollicaris: Oochoristica sp., P. sceleratus, P. retusa, and S. oxkutzcabiensis. Three new host records were reported: P. retusa infecting H. mabouia and P. retusa and Oochoristica sp. infecting P. pollicaris. About 75% of the parasites species found were shared by both lizards. Moreover, H. mabouia showed greater diversity than P. pollicaris (6 versus 4 species), while P. pollicaris had higher intensity of infection than H. mabouia (1536 versus 121 specimens).
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Affiliation(s)
- J G G Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - S V Brito
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - DSE, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza - CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - R W Ávila
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - D A Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - J A Araujo-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - A A M Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - L A Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - W O Almeida
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Brito SV, Corso G, Almeida AM, Ferreira FS, Almeida WO, Anjos LA, Mesquita DO, Vasconcellos A. Phylogeny and micro-habitats utilized by lizards determine the composition of their endoparasites in the semiarid Caatinga of Northeast Brazil. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3963-72. [PMID: 25096534 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trophic networks can have architectonic configurations influenced by historical and ecological factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the architecture of networks between lizards, their endoparasites, diet, and micro-habitat, aiming to understand which factors exert an influence on the composition of the species of parasites. All networks showed a compartmentalized pattern. There was a positive relation between diet and the diversity of endoparasites. Our analyses also demonstrated that phylogeny and the use of micro-habitat influenced the composition of species of endoparasites and diet pattern of lizards. The principal factor that explained the modularity of the network was the foraging strategy, with segregation between the "active foragers" and "sit-and-wait" lizards. Our analyses also demonstrated that historical (phylogeny) and ecological factors (use of micro-habitat by the lizards) influenced the composition of parasite communities. These results corroborate other studies with ectoparasites, which indicate phylogeny and micro-habitat as determinants in the composition of parasitic fauna. The influence of phylogeny can be the result of coevolution between parasites and lizards in the Caatinga, and the influence of micro-habitat should be a result of adaptations of species of parasites to occupy the same categories of micro-habitats as hosts, thus favoring contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Brito
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Campus do Pimenta, Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil,
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Brito SV, Ferreira FS, Ribeiro SC, Anjos LA, Almeida WO, Mesquita DO, Vasconcellos A. Spatial-temporal variation of parasites in Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Teiidae) and Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Tropiduridae) from Caatinga areas in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1163-9. [PMID: 24481899 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasites are natural regulators of their host populations. Despite this, little is known about variations in parasite composition (spatially or temporally) in environments subjected to water-related periodic stress such as the arid and semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal variation in endoparasite species' abundance and richness in populations of Neotropical Cnemidophorus ocellifer, Tropidurus hispidus, and Tropidurus semitaeniatus lizards in the semiarid northeast of Brazil. The location influenced the abundance of parasites in all analyzed lizard species, while season (dry and rainy) only influenced the total abundance for T. hispidus. In all seasons, males significantly showed more endoparasites than females in all lizard species, although for T. hispidus, this difference was only found in the dry season. Seasonal variations affect the abundance patterns of parasites. Likely, variables include environmental variations such as humidity and temperature, which influence the development of endoparasite eggs when outside of the host. Further, the activity of the intermediate hosts and the parasites of heteroxenous life cycles could be affected by an environmental condition. The variation in the abundance of parasites between the sampling areas could be a reflection of variations in climate and physiochemical conditions. Also, it could be due to differences in the quality of the environment in which each host population lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel V Brito
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Campus do Pimenta, 63105-100, Crato, Ceará, Brazil,
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Toledo GM, Aguiar A, Silva RJ, Anjos LA. Helminth Fauna of Two Species ofPhysalaemus(Anura: Leiuperidae) from an Undisturbed Fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest, Southeastern Brazil. J Parasitol 2013; 99:919-22. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3212.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ribeiro SC, Ferreira FS, Brito SV, Teles DA, Ávila RW, Almeida WO, Anjos LA, Guarnieri MC. Pulmonary infection in two sympatric lizards, Mabuya arajara (Scincidae) and Anolis brasiliensis (Polychrotidae) from a cloud forest in Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 72:929-33. [PMID: 23295524 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The parameters of infection by lung parasites from two sympatric lizards, Mabuya arajara and Anolis brasiliensis, from the Atlantic Rainforest of the lower slope of Chapada do Araripe in Northeastern Brazil were analyzed between September, 2009 and July, 2010. A total of 202 lizards were collected. 125 specimens were from Mabuya arajara and 77 from Anolis brasiliensis. M. arajara was infected by the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae while A. brasiliensis was infected by the nematode Rhabdias sp., with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and 28.6%, respectively. The mean intensity of infection by Rhabdias sp. was 3.63 ± 2.58 (range 1-15). The body size and sex of lizards did not influence the intensity of infection by Rhabdias sp. The overall prevalence was also not different between males and females hosts in A. brasiliensis. Both Anolis brasiliensis and Mabuya arajara represent a new host to Rhabdias sp. and Raillietiella mottae, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório Coleção de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Brito SV, Sales DL, Costa JGM, Rodrigues FFG, Ferreira FS, Angélico EC, Carvalho JE, Almeida WO, Anjos LA, Coutinho HDM. Investigation of the cytocidal potential of Rhinella jimi skin methanol extracts. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:1026-1030. [PMID: 22775420 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.655858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Amphibian skins have wide variety of biologically active compounds associated with the natural defenses of these animals. OBJECTIVES To study the in vitro anticancer activity of methanol extracts of the skin of Rhinella jimi Stevaux (Anura: Bufonidae). MATERIAL AND METHODS The extract was obtained by cold methanol extraction for 96 h using dried skins (295 mg). The methanol skin extract was dried under reduced pressure, giving a 5.5% yield. In order to test for growth-inhibitory activity, in vitro tests were performed with the following cancer cell lines using concentrations ranging between 0.25-250 µg/mL of the extract by 48 h: K562 (leukemia), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-ADR (breast with MDR phenotype), UACC-62 (melanoma), NCI460 (lung), PCO3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), OVCAR (ovary), and 786-0 (kidney). RESULTS The methanol extract of R. jimi produced a growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner against the most of the assayed cell lines. In addition to the growth inhibition, the extract induced the cell death in the ovary and colon lines (EC₅₀ 0.125 and 0.2 µg/mL, respectively), demonstrating 100% of inhibition with 2.5 µg/mL. However, prostate and leukemia cell lines demonstrated less sensitivity, with EC₅₀ of 24 and 235 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report about the anticancer activity by natural products from the skin of R. jimi. CONCLUSIONS The methanol extracts of R. jimi significantly affected the growth of several cell lines, demonstrating that these compounds are a potential source of substances that could be utilized in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Brito
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Abstract
Pentastomida is a taxon of parasitic organisms infecting generally the respiratory system of vertebrates, mainly reptiles. Although this taxon is very important for understanding the phylogeny of the Metazoa, it has received little attention. In Brazil, there are few collections that include species of pentastomids, that is, only the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), the Invertebrate Collection of the Zoology Laboratory of the Regional University of Cariri (LAZ-URCA) and the Helminthological Collection of the Botucatu Institute of Biosciences (CHIBB). The present study describes the species of pentastomids deposited in CHIBB. When found, the pentastomids were mounted on slides in Hoyer's medium and identified. Four species of pentastomids were recognised and three others were identified at the genus level, while four new hosts for the species of pentastomids were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- SV Brito
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - LA Anjos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - RJ Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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Ávila RW, Anjos LA, Ribeiro SC, Morais DH, da Silva RJ, Almeida WO. Nematodes of Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from Caatinga Biome, Northeastern Brazil. COMP PARASITOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1654/4518.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rocha CFD, Anjos LA, Bergallo HG. Conquering Brazil: the invasion by the exotic gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata) in Brazilian natural environments. Zoologia (Curitiba) 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-46702011000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Delfino MMS, Ribeiro SC, Furtado IP, Anjos LA, Almeida WO. Pterygosomatidae and Trombiculidae mites infesting Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) (Tropiduridae) lizards in northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2011; 71:549-55. [PMID: 21755176 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842011000300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitism of the lizard Tropidurus hispidus by Geckobiella sp. and by larvae of Eutrombicula alfreddugesi was examined in a mountainous area in Chapada do Araripe (07° 16' S and 39° 26' W), southern Ceará State, Brazil. Of the 56 lizards collected (26 females, 27 males, and 3 juveniles), 40 (total prevalence of 71.42%) were infested by mites. Mite-pockets were the sites most heavily infested by E. alfreddugesi larvae, while Geckobiella sp. was found uniformly distributed under scales over the host's entire body. The female specimens of T. hispidus parasitised by E. alfreddugesi had an average infestation rate of 8.57 ± 3.62, 1-27, while the males had an average infestation rate of 11.90 ± 2.63, 1-25. The female specimens parasitised by Geckobiella sp. had an average infestation rate of 5.91 ± 2.28, 1-25, while the males had an average infestation rate of 5.43 ± 1.52, 1-23. Seven specimens were also infested by eggs and immature forms of unidentified mites (average 2.28 ± 0.89, 1-7). There were no significant differences between the total prevalence of mites on adult male (70.4%) and adult female (65.4%) lizards. The body sizes of the hosts did not influence their infestation rates. The average infestation intensity by E. alfreddugesi (10.2 ± 8.7) was significantly greater than the average infestation intensity by Geckobiella sp. (5.9 ± 6.8). T. hispidus is the new host record to Geckobiella mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M S Delfino
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil, 63105-000
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Anjos LA, Rocha CFD. Reproductive ecology of the invader species gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia in an area of southeastern Brazil. Iheringia, Sér Zool 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212008000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, 1818 is a "fixed" clutch size exotic species well established in Brazil. In this paper we investigate some reproductive strategies adopted to minimize the costs of invariant clutch size to this invader species living in an environment with marked climatic seasonality in Southeastern Brazil (22°56’S; 46°55’W). The study was carried out from April 2002 to March 2003. Females and males attain maturity at 47.9mm and 46.9mm SVL, respectively. Larger females tended to produce larger eggs. The reproduction occurred throughout the year, but only at the wet season the females increase the clutch frequency. There was a significant variation in mean testis volume among the months throughout the year and the largest means were recorded between August and December. Maternal investment on egg size, increase on clutch frequency and seasonal increase on testis volume can represent important reproductive strategies of this invader species living in an non-urban habitat whit climatic seasonality (dry and cold weather season).
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Anjos LA, Almeida WO, Vasconcellos A, Freire EMX, Rocha CFD. The alien and native pentastomids fauna of an exotic lizard population from Brazilian Northeast. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:627-8. [PMID: 17384963 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Anjos
- IBRAG-Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Anjos LA, Rocha CFD, Vrcibradic D, Vicente JJ. Helminths of the exotic lizard Hemidactylus mabouia from a rock outcrop area in southeastern Brazil. J Helminthol 2007; 79:307-13. [PMID: 16336713 DOI: 10.1079/joh2005288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe helminth fauna of 291 Hemidactylus mabouia (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from a rock outcrop area in the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, was studied. Five species were recovered, namely one unidentified species of centrorhynchid acanthocephalan (present only as cystacanths) and the nematodes Parapharyngodon sceleratus, P. largitor (Oxyuroidea: Pharingodonidae), Physaloptera sp. (Spiruroidea: Physalopteridae) and one indeterminate species of Acuariidae (Acuaroidea), with the latter two forms present only as larvae. Infection rates tended to increase with host size, but appeared to be unaffected by season. Hemidactylus mabouia shared most of its helminth fauna with two other sympatric lizard hosts, Mabuya frenata and Tropidurus itambere. The helminth assemblage of the H. mabouia population appears to have been entirely acquired by this exotic gecko from the local helminth species pool, rather than possessing any species from the parasite faunas of the original African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Anjos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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19
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Abstract
Estimation of energy requirements relies on adequate values of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Prediction equations recommended for international use have been shown to overestimate BMR in populations living in the tropics. We have previously shown the inadequacy of these equations in samples of Brazilians living in tropical and temperate regions of the country. We sought to investigate whether BMR could adequately be estimated by prediction equations in a sample of Brazilians living in a different setting: the Sonoran desert of the Southwestern USA. BMR was measured under standard conditions in 33 subjects (14 men). Mean bias (estimated-measured) varied from 404.4 to 708.6 kJ day(-1) in women and 566.8 to 1122.8 kJ day(-1) in men, representing 8.5-15 and 8.9-17.6% overestimation, respectively, using the Schofield equations. Bland and Altman analyses showed large, relevant limits of agreement. The results using the recommended equations for the American population (IOM, 2005) were only 2% different from the Schofield equations. The Harris and Benedict equations yielded higher overestimations (15.0 and 16.8% for women and men, respectively) and the Henry and Rees equations also overestimated BMR (8.5 and 8.9%) even though they were developed for populations from the tropics, although to a lesser degree. It is concluded that the equations currently recommended for international use are not appropriate for Brazilians living in the Southwestern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wahrlich
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Almeida AM, Fonseca CR, Prado PI, Almeida-Neto M, Diniz S, Kubota U, Braun MR, Raimundo RLG, Anjos LA, Mendonça TG, Futada SM, Lewinsohn TM. Assemblages of endophagous insects on Asteraceae in São Paulo cerrados. Neotrop Entomol 2006; 35:458-68. [PMID: 17061793 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-566x2006000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A survey of the endophagous insects fauna associated to Asteraceae capitula was carried out from 2000 to 2002 in eight cerrado sensu stricto sites located in the Brazilian state of Sdo Paulo. Sixty-four endophagous species of Diptera and Lepidoptera were recorded from 49 asteracean host plants. Approximately half of the species were obtained from a single locality, with a large proportion emerging from a single sample (unicates). Thirty percent of the species were singletons (i.e. only one individual was recorded). The large proportion of rare species suggests a high species turnover among localities. Lepidopteran species were recorded on more host species than dipterans, confirming their more polyphagous food habit, also observed in other Brazilian biomes and in Europe. We conclude that the studied cerrado localities, all within São Paulo State, are isolated with its invertebrate fauna composed of many rare and exclusive species. We suggest that the maintenance of Asteraceae biodiversity and their endophagous insects depend on the conservation of all cerrado remnants in the state.
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Castro IR, Anjos LA. [Nutritional surveillance and morbidity of children under 5 years of age seen in a primary health care unit: historical series 1987-91]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2004; 9 Suppl 1:36-45. [PMID: 15448819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents preliminary analysis of the nutritional status assessment (NS) and morbidity of low-income children under 5 years of age seen by the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System of a primary health care unit in Rio de Janeiro between 1987 and 1991. The distribution of lengh/stature for age (LSA) was skewed to the left as early as the first semester of life. Approximately 20% of the children had values of body mass for age (BMA) below the 10th percentile of the reference growth curve (NCHS). The prevalence of stunting (Z LSA < - 2) decreased yearly during the period. The eight most frequent causes of visit to the unit were the same but the frequencies varied from year to year. In the last three years upper respiratory (URD) and digestive diseases (DD) and undernutrition prevailed. NS did not correlate with UPD but the prevalence of DD was inversely associated with BMA percentile. These data indicate relevant growth deficits in the children which justifies the implementation of nutritional surveillance in health units. It is also clear that morbidity and NS must be correlated in future studies, so that, the role of nutritional surveillance is enhanced in the Health Sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Castro
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a method to estimate physical activity level (PAL) values based on household surveys in which representative information of the population on the distribution of sex, age, occupation and daily working hours is obtained, and to compare them to the recommended PAL (RPAL) values. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Data of 267446 individuals of a probabilistic sample from a Brazilian food consumption and family budget survey were used to estimate two different sets of estimated PAL (EPAL) values: (1) considering sex, age group and geographical area and (2) the above plus expenditure class, defined by the quartiles of per capita expenditure. RESULTS The EPAL values derived by the proposed method indicated that: (l) the RPAL values for 18+y-old women represent higher energy requirements (ERs) than necessary, which could make these women become obese; (2) the RPAL values for 18 to 59-y-old males can only be used to calculate the mean for the total population, because their use for the rural and urban populations separately will lead to severe physiological effects-under- and overnutrition, respectively; and (3) the RPAL values for 10 to 17 and 60+y-old males and 11 to 17-y-old females will lead to undernutrition by not incorporating provisions for the occupational activities. CONCLUSIONS Sex- and age-specific RPAL values are not appropriate for the calculation of ERs of the Brazilian population. PAL values must be estimated and constantly recalculated as soon as the required information becomes available. It is important that these EPAL values be disseminated so that more adequate ERs are calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T L Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Metodologia, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Abstract
Access by adults (>/=20 years of age) to the Workers' Food Program was investigated in a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population living in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Only 19.9% (Northeast = 11.7% and Southeast = 24.9%) of the working population were beneficiaries of the Program. Receiving the benefit increased in direct proportion to income in both regions, but with a huge gap in the NE: 19.% of individuals in the 5th income quintile and only 3.6% in the 1st quintile were beneficiaries of the Program. Overweight (BMI >/= 25kg.m(-2)) was more prevalent (38.5%) than underweight (BMI < 18.5). Underweight was more prevalent in women (6.1%) than men (3.4%). More overweight than underweight individuals were beneficiaries of the Program (31.7 and 23.5%, respectively). These data indicate that the Program fails to provide food supplementation to the most needy workers in the two regions of Brazil, i.e., its original target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Burlandy
- Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24040-115, Brasil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the basal metabolic rate of women (aged 20 to 40 years) living in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and to compare it with estimated values bored on published predictive equations. METHODS Basal metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry under standard conditions in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle of 60 volunteers. RESULTS Mean measured basal metabolic rate (+/- standard deviation) was 1,185.3+/- 148.6 kcal/24 hours. Estimated basal metabolic rates were significantly greater (7% to 17%) than measured basal metabolic rate (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results show that predictive equations are not suitable to estimate basal metabolic rate in these groups of women and that the use of estimated basal metabolic rate will lead to an overestimation of energy requirements in women with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wahrlich
- Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Anjos LA, Ferreira JA. [The evaluation of the physiological workload in the Brazilian legislation should be revised! The case of garbage collectors in Rio de Janeiro]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2000; 16:785-90. [PMID: 11035517 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2000000300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological workload (PW) involved in garbage collection was assessed in a probabilistic sample of 70 Rio de Janeiro city garbage collectors to determine the adequacy of Brazilian labor legislation regarding classification of work. PW was measured as energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) during total work time (TT) and actual time (AT) in garbage collection on 4 consecutive days. Median EE values were 288.4 and 319.1 kcal.h-1 during TT and AT, respectively, indicating moderately intense work according to Brazilian legislation. However, PW was considered heavy when work classifications based on individual response to work were used: 1) ratio of EE and resting metabolic rate was above 5.0, indicating heavy workload according to the WHO; 2) mean percentage of maximal EE was higher (36.2 and 41.1% for TT and AT, respectively) than the limit for garbage collection (30%) suggested as maximal for Dutch workers; and 3) percentage of maximal HR reserve was also higher than 30% (32.2 and 37.5% for TT and AT, respectively). These results indicate the need for a revision of the workload classification in the Brazilian legislation to take individual workers' characteristics into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Anjos
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brasil
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Abstract
This paper presents the nutritional status of the elderly Brazilian population (60 years and older) based on a probabilistic sample survey in 1989. Nutritional assessment used the BMI (kg/m2), with cut-off points recommended by the WHO (1995). Socio-demographic variables included age, gender, region and place of residence in the country (urban/rural area), income, education, and housing conditions. Prevalence rates for thinness (BMI < 18.5) and overweight (BMI ( 25) were 7.8% and 30.4% in men and 8.4% and 50.2% in women, higher than in the young adult population. Thinness was more frequent in older women, in rural areas from the Midwest/Northeast regions (women) and Southeast/Midwest (men), in groups with lower income, less schooling, and worse housing conditions. Overweight was more frequent in women from urban areas in the South and Southeast and groups with higher income, more schooling, and better housing conditions. The results indicate problematic nutritional status in the Brazilian elderly, particularly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Tavares
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Afonso Cavalcanti 455, sala 823, Cidade Nova, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20211-110, Brasil
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Abstract
The relationship between stunting in Brazilian children with their mother's nutritional status and their social-environmental situation was assessed in a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population in 1989. Data from 12644 mother-son pairs were analyzed. Maternal nutritional status was classified based on the body mass index and stunting was identified in children with stature or length for age Z < or = -2 of the American growth reference curve (NCHS). Stunting was observed in 14.4% of the children (15.9% of boys and 12.9% of girls) There was an inverse relationship between the level of stunting and maternal education, income and house living conditions. Children of illiterate mothers showed more stunting (OR = 17.2) than children whose mothers had had at least 9 years of formal education. Stunting was more frequently observed in children whose mothers were underweight (OR = 2.5), and who were from the first quartile of family income in comparison to the fourth quartile (OR = 11.0) and lived in the poorest living conditions (OR = 7.6). These results suggest a positive association between stunted children and underweight mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Engstrom
- Centro de Saúde Escola Germano Sinval Farias, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Rio de Janeiro, Rj 21041-210 Brasil.
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Abstract
The relationship between maternal (age between 20 and 50 years) nutritional status (NS) and children's (age < 10 years) obesity level was studied in a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of all ages (n = 63,213) conducted in 1989. Maternal NS was classified as underweight (UW-Body mass index (BMI) < 20 kg.m-2), normal (20 < or = BMI < 25) and overweight (OW, BMI < or = 25). Overweight was identified in children with body mass of stature > or = + 2 standard deviations of the American growth reference curve (NCHS). There were a total of 12,414 mother-child pairs. OW was observed in 4.8% of the children. UW and OW were seen in 15.3 and 35.9% of the mothers, respectively. With the UW mothers as reference, the odds ratio (OR) of a child being obese and his/her mother's NS being normal or OW was 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-3.5) and 3.2 (2.2-4.5), respectively. This relationship was influenced by maternal education, OR = 2.9 (1.7-4.8) for mothers with 12 years of education in relation of the ones without any formal education and family per capita income, OR = 3.8 (2.8-5.2) for mothers in the 4th in relation to those in the 1st quartile. These data suggest a positive relationship between maternal and child obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Engstrom
- Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, PAISMCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brasil
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Abstract
The limitations and possible uses of the body mass index (BMI) or Quételet index, calculated as the ratio of body mass (kg), and squared stature (m), as an indicator of the nutritional status of adults, are reviewed. The cut-off values for overweight (BMI > or = 25) and chronic energy deficiency (BMI < 18.5) are discussed in the light of the available international literature. Even though BMI does not assess the body composition (BC) of individuals, the case with which it is measured is a strong argument for the use of BMI in epidemiological studies associated otherwise with other anthropometric measurement until such a time as simpler field methods of the assessment of BC are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Anjos
- Centro de Estudo da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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