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Alonso-Menchén D, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Alcalá L, Soriano-Martín A, Cercenado E, Burillo A, Serrano-Lobo J, Pérez-Latorre L, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Bloodstream infections: trends and evolution of incidence and etiology in a 12-year period (2010-2021). Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:441-450. [PMID: 38407125 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2320333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiological evolution of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the last decade is not clearly defined. Our aim was to analyze the changes in the workload in our institution and to describe the evolution of the incidence and etiology of BSIs in a 12-year period, including the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS All blood cultures received in the laboratory of a tertiary general hospital between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed. Bloodstream infection episodes refer to each episode of bacteremia or fungemia in each patient. Incidence rates per 1000 admissions and per 100,000 population were calculated. RESULTS No significant changes in the incidence of BSI episodes/1000 admissions were observed (mean, 31.1), while estimated population-based incidences showed declining trends (mean, 182.8/100,000 inhabitants). There was a slight increase in BSI episodes per 1000 admissions caused by Gram-negatives (mean, 16.6/1000 admissions) and E. coli was the most frequent pathogen (mean, 8.5/1000 admissions). There was no significant rise in episodes caused by ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae, with a decline in those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. A spike in BSI episodes, fungal BSIs and catheter-related infections was detected in 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS No clear increase in the incidence of BSI episodes was detected in our center over this period. Gram-negatives are the most frequent etiology, with no clear rise in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. The COVID-19 pandemic accounted for a small increase in BSI episodes in 2020, probably related to the increase of catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alonso-Menchén
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Soriano-Martín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Burillo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Serrano-Lobo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Pérez-Latorre
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas-CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Machado M, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Pérez-Ayala A, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa E, González-Romo F, Merino P, Cuétara MS, García-Esteban C, Quiles-Melero I, Zurita ND, Muñoz-Algarra M, Durán-Valle MT, Martínez-Quintero GA, Sánchez-García A, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Antifungal resistance in Candida spp within the intra-abdominal cavity: study of resistance acquisition in patients with serial isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1604.e1-1604.e6. [PMID: 37640239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antifungal susceptibility testing is mostly conducted on blood-cultured Candida spp isolates. Because the intra-abdominal cavity has been highlighted as a hidden echinocandin-resistant C. glabrata reservoir, we assessed whether testing sequential isolates from a given patient might increase the chances of detecting antifungal resistance. METHODS Intra-abdominal initial and sequential isolates from the same species from patients included in the CANDIdaemia in MADrid study (January 2019 to June 2022) were studied. We assessed antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B, azoles, anidulafungin, micafungin, and ibrexafungerp using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology and molecularly characterized resistant isolates. RESULTS We collected 308 isolates (C. albicans [n = 179/308; 58.1%], C. glabrata [n = 101/308; 32.8%], C. tropicalis [n = 17/308; 5.5%], and C. parapsilosis [n = 11/308; 3.6%]) from 112 patients distributed as incident (n = 125/308) and sequential (n = 183/308). Per patient resistance rates of fluconazole (13.4% [15/112] vs. 8% [9/112]); 5.4% proportions difference (95% CI, -2.7% to 13.5%, p 0.09) and echinocandins (8.9% [10/112] vs. 1.8% [2/112]); 7.1% proportions difference (95% CI; 1.2-12.9%; p 0.01) were higher when considering all available isolates than only incident isolates. Resistance was detected in 18 of 112 patients and would have been overlooked in 11 of 18 (61.1%) patients if only incident isolates had been studied. Of the patients who harboured fluconazole or echinocandin-resistant isolates, 14 of 15 and 8 of 10 had received or were receiving fluconazole or echinocandins, respectively. DISCUSSION Testing sequential Candida isolates from intra-abdominal samples is required to detect antifungal resistance, particularly to echinocandins, in patients whose incident isolates turned out to be susceptible. Furthermore, patients with echinocandin-resistant infections had frequently used echinocandins and had common secondary resistance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ayala
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez-García de la Pedrosa
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Romo
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Merino
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Muñoz-Algarra
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | | | - Aída Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio Central de la CAM - URSalud - Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; School of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; School of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain.
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Díaz-García J, Machado M, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Pérez-Ayala A, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa E, Gónzalez-Romo F, Cuétara MS, García-Esteban C, Quiles-Melero I, Zurita ND, Muñoz-Algarra M, Durán-Valle MT, Sánchez-García A, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Trends in antifungal resistance in Candida from a multicenter study conducted in Madrid (CANDIMAD study): fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis spreading has gained traction in 2022. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0098623. [PMID: 38092562 PMCID: PMC10783443 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00986-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously conducted a multicenter surveillance study on Candida epidemiology and antifungal resistance in Madrid (CANDIMAD study; 2019-2021), detecting an increase in fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis. We here present data on isolates collected in 2022. Furthermore, we report the epidemiology and antifungal resistance trends during the entire period, including an analysis per ward of admission. Candida spp. incident isolates from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples from patients cared for at 16 hospitals in Madrid, Spain, were tested with the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 method against amphotericin B, azoles, micafungin, anidulafungin, and ibrexafungerp and were molecularly characterized. In 2022, we collected 766 Candida sp. isolates (686 patients; blood cultures, 48.8%). Candida albicans was the most common species found, and Candida auris was undetected. No resistance to amphotericin B was found. Overall, resistance to echinocandins was low (0.7%), whereas fluconazole resistance was 12.0%, being higher in blood cultures (16.0%) mainly due to fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis clones harboring the Y132F-R398I ERG11p substitutions. Ibrexafungerp showed in vitro activity against the isolates tested. Whereas C. albicans was the dominant species in most hospital wards, we observed increasing C. parapsilosis proportions in blood. During the entire period, echinocandin resistance rates remained steadily low, while fluconazole resistance increased in blood from 6.8% (2019) to 16% (2022), mainly due to fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis (2.6% in 2019 to 36.6% in 2022). Up to 7 out of 16 hospitals were affected by fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis. In conclusion, rampant clonal spreading of C. parapsilosis fluconazole-resistant genotypes is taking place in Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ayala
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez-García de la Pedrosa
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Gónzalez-Romo
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio Central de la CAM-URSalud-Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - on behalf of the CANDIMAD study group
Díaz-GarcíaJudith1MesquidaAina1GómezAna1MachadoMarina1AlcaláLuis1ReigadasElena1Sánchez-CarrilloCarlos1MuñozPatricia1EscribanoPilar1GuineaJesús1Pérez-AyalaAna2Pérez-MuñozRosaura2Vera-GonzálezMaría del Carmen2Gómez-García De La PedrosaElia3González-RomoFernando4Merino-AmadorPaloma4CuétaraMaría Soledad5Sánchez-GarcíaAída6García-EstebanCoral7Cuevas-LobatoOscar7BernalGuadalupe7ZuritaNelly Daniela8Gutiérrez-CobosAinhoa8Muñoz-AlgarraMaría9Sánchez-RomeroIsabel9Quiles-MeleroInmaculada10San Juan-DelgadoFlorinda10Durán-ValleMaría Teresa11Gil-RomeroYolanda11Fraile TorresArturo Manuel11Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainHospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Spain
- Laboratorio Central de la CAM-URSalud-Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Gómez A, Machado M, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Pérez-Ayala A, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa E, González-Romo F, Cuétara MS, García-Esteban C, Quiles-Melero I, Zurita ND, Muñoz-Algarra M, Durán-Valle MT, Sánchez-García A, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Non-Candida isolates from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples: data derived from a multicentre prospective study conducted in Madrid. Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36:541-544. [PMID: 37355994 PMCID: PMC10586730 DOI: 10.37201/req/025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Guinea
- Jesús Guinea, Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
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Vázquez-Cuesta S, Lozano García N, Fernández AI, Olmedo M, Kestler M, Alcalá L, Marín M, Bermejo J, Díaz FFA, Muñoz P, Bouza E, Reigadas E. Microbiome profile and calprotectin levels as markers of risk of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1237500. [PMID: 37780848 PMCID: PMC10534046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1237500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in developed countries. Recurrent CDI (R-CDI), which affects 20%-30% of patients and significantly increases hospital stay and associated costs, is a key challenge. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of the microbiome and calprotectin levels as predictive biomarkers of R-CDI. Methods We prospectively (2019-2021) included patients with a primary episode of CDI. Clinical data and faecal samples were collected. The microbiome was analysed by sequencing the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on an Illumina Miseq platform. Results We enrolled 200 patients with primary CDI, of whom 54 developed R-CDI and 146 did not. We analysed 200 primary samples and found that Fusobacterium increased in abundance, while Collinsella, Senegalimassilia, Prevotella and Ruminococcus decreased in patients with recurrent versus non-recurrent disease. Elevated calprotectin levels correlated significantly with R-CDI (p=0.01). We built a risk index for R-CDI, including as prognostic factors age, sex, immunosuppression, toxin B amplification cycle, creatinine levels and faecal calprotectin levels (overall accuracy of 79%). Discussion Calprotectin levels and abundance of microbial genera such as Fusobacterium and Prevotella in primary episodes could be useful as early markers of R-CDI. We propose a readily available model for prediction of R-CDI that can be applied at the initial CDI episode. The use of this tool could help to better tailor treatments according to the risk of R-CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Lozano García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martha Kestler
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Peñas-Utrilla D, Sanz A, Catalán P, Veintimilla C, Alcalá L, Alonso R, Muñoz P, Pérez-Lago L, García de Viedma D. A mutation responsible for impaired detection by the Xpert SARS-CoV-2 assay independently emerged in different lineages during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:190. [PMID: 37460980 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 diagnosis lies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal specimens by RT-PCR. The Xpert-Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay provides results in less than one hour from specimen reception, which makes it suitable for clinical/epidemiological circumstances that require faster responses. The analysis of a COVID-19 outbreak suspected in the neonatology ward from our institution showed that the Ct values obtained for the targeted genes in the Xpert assay were markedly different within each specimen (N Ct value > 20 cycles above the E Ct value). RESULTS We identified the mutation C29200T in the N gene as responsible for an impairment in the N gene amplification by performing whole genome sequencing of the specimens involved in the outbreak (Omicron variant). Subsequently, a retrospective analysis of all specimens sequenced in our institution allowed us to identify the same SNP as responsible for similar impairments in another 12 cases (42% of the total cases reported in the literature). Finally, we found that the same SNP emerged in five different lineages independently, throughout almost all the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the impact of this SNP on the Xpert assay, when harbored by new Omicron variants. We extend our observation period throughout almost all the COVID-19 pandemic, offering the most updated observations of this phenomenon, including sequences from the seventh pandemic wave, until now absent in the reports related to this issue. Continuous monitoring of emerging SNPs that could affect the performance of the most commonly used diagnostic tests, is required to redesign the tests to restore their correct performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peñas-Utrilla
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amadeo Sanz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Veintimilla
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Mesquida A, Machado M, Dávila-Cherres L, Vicente T, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Guinea J, Escribano P. The Gastrointestinal Tract Is Pinpointed as a Reservoir of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis Genotypes Found in Blood and Intra-Abdominal Samples. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:732. [PMID: 37504721 PMCID: PMC10381600 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida spp., as part of the microbiota, can colonise the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesised that genotyping Candida spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract could help spot genotypes able to cause invasive infections. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 816 isolates of C. albicans (n = 595), C. parapsilosis (n = 118), and C. tropicalis (n = 103) from rectal swabs (n = 754 patients) were studied. Genotyping was conducted using species-specific microsatellite markers. Rectal swab genotypes were compared with previously studied blood (n = 814) and intra-abdominal (n = 202) genotypes. RESULTS A total of 36/754 patients had the same Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures, intra-abdominal samples, or both; these patients had candidemia (n = 18), intra-abdominal candidiasis (n = 11), both clinical forms (n = 1), and non-significant isolation (n = 6). Genotypes matching the rectal swab and their blood cultures (84.2%) or their intra-abdominal samples (92.3%) were found in most of the significant patients. We detected 656 genotypes from rectal swabs, 88.4% of which were singletons and 11.6% were clusters. Of these 656 rectal swab genotypes, 94 (14.3%) were also detected in blood cultures and 34 (5.2%) in intra-abdominal samples. Of the rectal swab clusters, 62.7% were previously defined as a widespread genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study pinpoints the gastrointestinal tract as a potential reservoir of potentially invasive Candida spp. genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Mesquida
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Dávila-Cherres
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicente
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain
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8
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De La Villa S, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Sánchez-Martínez C, Cercenado E, Padilla B, Álvarez-Uría A, Aguilera-Alonso D, Bermejo E, Ramos R, Alcalá L, Marín M, Valerio M, Urbina L, Muñoz P. Clinical impact of time to results from the microbiology laboratory in bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (TIME-CPE STUDY). J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:dkad188. [PMID: 37325878 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of time to results (TTR) on the outcome of patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (CPE-BSI). METHODS Times-series study conducted from January 2014 to December 2021, selecting patients with first CPE-BSI episodes. Periods of intervention were defined according to implementation of diagnostic bundle tests in the microbiology laboratory: pre-intervention (January 2014-December 2017) and post-intervention (January 2018-December 2021). TTR was defined as time elapsed from positivity time of the blood culture bottles to physicians' notification of CPE-BSI episodes, and was evaluated in patients who received inappropriate empirical and switched to appropriate targeted treatment (switch group). Analysis of a composite unfavourable outcome (mortality at Day 30 and/or persistent and/or recurrent bacteraemia) was performed for the total episodes and in the switch group. RESULTS One hundred and nine episodes were analysed: 66 pre-intervention and 43 post-intervention. Compared with pre-intervention, patients in the post-intervention period were younger (68 versus 63 years, P = 0.04), had INCREMENT score > 7 (31.8% versus 53.5%, P = 0.02) and unfavourable outcome (37.9% versus 20.9%, P = 0.04). Proportion of TTR > 30 h was more frequent pre-intervention than post-intervention (61.7% versus 35.5%, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis of the 109 episodes, source other than urinary or biliary (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.11-6.86) was associated with unfavourable outcome, while targeted appropriate treatment trended to being protective (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-1.00). Considering the switch group (n = 78), source other than urinary or biliary (OR 14.9, 95% CI 3.25-69.05) and TTR > 30 h (OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.29-17.22) were associated with unfavourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Decreased TTR in the post-intervention period was associated with the outcome in patients with CPE-BSI episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía De La Villa
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sánchez-Martínez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Padilla
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Uría
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Aguilera-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas-CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00049), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bermejo
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana Urbina
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Rodríguez-Grande C, Estévez A, Palomino-Cabrera R, Molero-Salinas A, Peñas-Utrilla D, Herranz M, Sanz-Pérez A, Alcalá L, Veintimilla C, Catalán P, Martínez-Laperche C, Alonso R, Muñoz P, Pérez-Lago L, de Viedma DG. Early SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Involving the Same or Different Genomic Lineages, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1154-1161. [PMID: 37130503 DOI: 10.3201/eid2906.221696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines consider SARS-CoV-2 reinfection when sequential COVID-19 episodes occur >90 days apart. However, genomic diversity acquired over recent COVID-19 waves could mean previous infection provides insufficient cross-protection. We used genomic analysis to assess the percentage of early reinfections in a sample of 26 patients with 2 COVID-19 episodes separated by 20-45 days. Among sampled patients, 11 (42%) had reinfections involving different SARS-CoV-2 variants or subvariants. Another 4 cases were probable reinfections; 3 involved different strains from the same lineage or sublineage. Host genomic analysis confirmed the 2 sequential specimens belonged to the same patient. Among reinfections, 36.4% involved non-Omicron, then Omicron lineages. Early reinfections showed no specific clinical patterns; 45% were among unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated persons, 27% were among persons <18 years of age, and 64% of patients had no risk factors. Time between sequential positive SARS-CoV-2 PCRs to consider reinfection should be re-evaluated.
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10
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Peñalver E, Peris D, Álvarez-Parra S, Grimaldi DA, Arillo A, Chiappe L, Delclòs X, Alcalá L, Sanz JL, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Pérez-de la Fuente R. Symbiosis between Cretaceous dinosaurs and feather-feeding beetles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217872120. [PMID: 37068225 PMCID: PMC10151472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217872120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extant terrestrial vertebrates, including birds, have a panoply of symbiotic relationships with many insects and arachnids, such as parasitism or mutualism. Yet, identifying arthropod-vertebrate symbioses in the fossil record has been based largely on indirect evidence; findings of direct association between arthropod guests and dinosaur host remains are exceedingly scarce. Here, we present direct and indirect evidence demonstrating that beetle larvae fed on feathers from an undetermined theropod host (avian or nonavian) 105 million y ago. An exceptional amber assemblage is reported of larval molts (exuviae) intimately associated with plumulaceous feather and other remains, as well as three additional amber pieces preserving isolated conspecific exuviae. Samples were found in the roughly coeval Spanish amber deposits of El Soplao, San Just, and Peñacerrada I. Integration of the morphological, systematic, and taphonomic data shows that the beetle larval exuviae, belonging to three developmental stages, are most consistent with skin/hide beetles (family Dermestidae), an ecologically important group with extant keratophagous species that commonly inhabit bird and mammal nests. These findings show that a symbiotic relationship involving keratophagy comparable to that of beetles and birds in current ecosystems existed between their Early Cretaceous relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Peñalver
- Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia46004, Spain
| | - David Peris
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona08038, Spain
| | - Sergio Álvarez-Parra
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - David A. Grimaldi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New YorkNY10024-5192
| | - Antonio Arillo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Luis Chiappe
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles90007
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Parque de las Ciencias de Andalucía, Granada18006, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
- Real Academia Española de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Madrid28004, Spain
| | - Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main60325, Germany
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11
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de la Villa S, Herrero S, Muñoz P, Rodríguez C, Valerio M, Reigadas E, Álvarez-Uría A, Alcalá L, Marín M, Olmedo M, Kestler M, Chamorro E, Bouza E. Real-world Use of Bezlotoxumab and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad028. [PMID: 36776780 PMCID: PMC9907541 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to describe the frequency of use and effectiveness of bezlotoxumab (BZX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in real-world practice. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted in a university hospital in which adult patients treated with BZX or FMT from January 2018 to April 2021 were included. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of BZX and FMT in preventing early (within 8 weeks) and late (within 1 year) CDI recurrences (rCDI). A multivariate analysis of risk factors for early recurrence was performed. Results Of 1377 consecutive CDI episodes, 117 (8.5%) received BZX or FMT, with full information available for 100 of the episodes: 51 received BZX, and 49 received FMT. BZX was used mostly in immunosuppressed patients (66.7%) and in first episodes or first recurrences in 70.6% of the cases. FMT was prescribed only in CDI recurrences. Despite the different conditions of the patients, there were no significant differences between BZX and FMT in preventing early rCDI (19.6% vs 24.5%; P = .55) or late rCDI (9.8% vs 18.4%; P = .31). In the multivariate analysis, risk factors for recurrence were presence of ≥2 previous rCDI episodes (odds ratio [OR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.03-8.63) and use of non-CDI antibiotics (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.24-9.57). Conclusions BZX and FMT were infrequently used in real-world practice. Both treatments had similar effectiveness in preventing CDI recurrence despite their application to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía de la Villa
- Correspondence: Sofía de la Villa, MD, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain (); or Patricia Muñoz, MD, PhD, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain ()
| | - Sergio Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Correspondence: Sofía de la Villa, MD, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain (); or Patricia Muñoz, MD, PhD, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain ()
| | - Carmen Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Uría
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martha Kestler
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Chamorro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Vázquez-Cuesta S, Villar L, García NL, Fernández AI, Olmedo M, Alcalá L, Marín M, Muñoz P, Bouza E, Reigadas E. Characterization of the gut microbiome of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection, patients with non- C. difficile diarrhea, and C. difficile-colonized patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1130701. [PMID: 37124040 PMCID: PMC10130453 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1130701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed countries. A key challenge in CDI is the lack of objective methods to ensure more accurate diagnosis, especially when differentiating between true infection and colonization/diarrhea of other causes. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of the microbiome as a predictive biomarker of CDI. Methods Between 2018 and 2021, we prospectively included patients with CDI, recurrent CDI (R-CDI), non-CDI diarrhea (NO-CDI), colonization by C. difficile, and healthy individuals. Clinical data and fecal samples were collected. The microbiome was analyzed by sequencing the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on an Illumina Miseq platform. The mothur bioinformatic pipeline was followed for pre-processing of raw data, and mothur and R were used for data analysis. Results During the study period, 753 samples from 657 patients were analyzed. Of these, 247 were from patients with CDI, 43 were from patients colonized with C. difficile, 63 were from healthy individuals, 324 were from NOCDI, and 76 were from R-CDI. We found significant differences across the groups in alpha and beta diversity and in taxonomic abundance. We identified various genera as the most significant biomarkers for CDI (Bacteroides, Proteus, Paraprevotella, Robinsoniella), R-CDI (Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto I), and colonization by C. difficile (Parabacteroides, Faecalicoccus, Flavonifractor, Clostridium XVIII). Discussion We observed differences in microbiome patterns between healthy individuals, colonized patients, CDI, R-CDI, and NOCDI diarrhea. We identified possible microbiome biomarkers that could prove useful in the diagnosis of true CDI infections. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta,
| | - Laura Villar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Lozano García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Clostridioides difficile (ESGCD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Clostridioides difficile (ESGCD), Basel, Switzerland
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Díaz-García J, Gómez A, Machado M, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Pérez-Ayala A, de la Pedrosa EGG, González-Romo F, Cuétara MS, García-Esteban C, Quiles-Melero I, Zurita ND, Algarra MM, Durán-Valle MT, Sánchez-García A, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Candida Genotyping of Blood Culture Isolates from Patients Admitted to 16 Hospitals in Madrid: Genotype Spreading during the COVID-19 Pandemic Driven by Fluconazole-Resistant C. parapsilosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111228. [PMID: 36422050 PMCID: PMC9698610 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidaemia and invasive candidiasis are typically hospital-acquired. Genotyping isolates from patients admitted to different hospitals may be helpful in tracking clones spreading across hospitals, especially those showing antifungal resistance. METHODS We characterized Candida clusters by studying Candida isolates (C. albicans, n = 1041; C. parapsilosis, n = 354, and C. tropicalis, n = 125) from blood cultures (53.8%) and intra-abdominal samples (46.2%) collected as part of the CANDIMAD (Candida in Madrid) study in Madrid (2019-2021). Species-specific microsatellite markers were used to define the genotypes of Candida spp. found in a single patient (singleton) or several patients (cluster) from a single hospital (intra-hospital cluster) or different hospitals (widespread cluster). RESULTS We found 83 clusters, of which 20 were intra-hospital, 49 were widespread, and 14 were intra-hospital and widespread. Some intra-hospital clusters were first detected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the number of clusters increased during the pandemic, especially for C. parapsilosis. The proportion of widespread clusters was significantly higher for genotypes found in both compartments than those exclusively found in either the blood cultures or intra-abdominal samples. Most C. albicans- and C. tropicalis-resistant genotypes were singleton and presented exclusively in either blood cultures or intra-abdominal samples. Fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates belonged to intra-hospital clusters harboring either the Y132F or G458S ERG11p substitutions; the dominant genotype was also widespread. CONCLUSIONS the number of clusters-and patients involved-increased during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly due to the emergence of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ayala
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez-García de la Pedrosa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Romo
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soledad Cuétara
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, 28914 Leganés, Spain
| | - Coral García-Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28901 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nelly Daniela Zurita
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Muñoz Algarra
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Durán-Valle
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aída Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio Central de la CAM-URSalud-Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915-868-453; Fax: +34-915-044-906
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Díaz-García J, Gómez A, Machado M, Alcalá L, Reigadas E, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Pérez-Ayala A, Gómez-García De La Pedrosa E, González-Romo F, Cuétara MS, García-Esteban C, Quiles-Melero I, Zurita ND, Muñoz-Algarra M, Durán-Valle MT, Sánchez-García A, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Blood and intra-abdominal Candida spp. from a multicentre study conducted in Madrid using EUCAST: emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis, low echinocandin resistance and absence of Candida auris. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3102-3109. [PMID: 36031723 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We prospectively monitored the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples in patients admitted to hospitals in the Madrid area. METHODS Between 2019 and 2021, we prospectively collected incident isolates [one per species, patient and compartment (blood cultures versus intra-abdominal samples)] from patients admitted to any of 16 hospitals located in Madrid. We studied the antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, triazoles, micafungin, anidulafungin and ibrexafungerp following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 procedure. RESULTS A total of 2107 Candida spp. isolates (1895 patients) from blood cultures (51.7%) and intra-abdominal samples were collected. Candida albicans, the Candida glabrata complex, the Candida parapsilosis complex, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei accounted for 96.9% of the isolates; in contrast, Candida auris was undetected. Fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was higher in blood cultures than in intra-abdominal samples (9.1% versus 8.2%; P > 0.05), especially for the C. parapsilosis complex (16.6% versus 3.6%, P < 0.05), whereas echinocandin resistance tended to be lower in blood cultures (0.5% versus 1.0%; P > 0.05). Resistance rates have risen, particularly for fluconazole in blood culture isolates, which increased sharply in 2021. Ibrexafungerp showed in vitro activity against most isolates. Species distributions and resistance rates varied among hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Whereas no C. auris isolates were detected, fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates have been spreading across the region and this has pulled up the rate of fluconazole resistance. In contrast, the rate of echinocandin resistance continues to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando González-Romo
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aída Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio Central de la CAM - URSalud - Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Vázquez-Cuesta S, Olmedo M, Reigadas E, Alcalá L, Marín M, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Clostridioides difficile infection epidemiology and clinical characteristics in COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:953724. [PMID: 36072952 PMCID: PMC9441660 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.953724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients with COVID-19 is scarce and points to an overall decrease of episodes during the pandemic. This situation results paradoxical, as COVID-19 patients had long periods of hospital stay and high use of antibiotics. We conducted a retrospective study from January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2020 comparing the incidence of hospital-acquired episodes of CDI (HA-CDI) among patients with and without COVID-19 admitted to our institution. During the study period, there were 47,048 patient admissions in 2019, 35,662 admissions of patients without COVID-19 in 2020 and 6,763 of COVID-19 patients. There were 68 episodes of HA-CDI in COVID-19 patients (14.75/10,000 days), 159 in 2020-non-COVID-19 patients (5.54/10,000 days) and 238 in 2019 (6.80/10,000 days). Comparison of HA-CDI in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients indicates it occurs more frequently, in terms of CDI disease severity, COVID-19 does not seem to have a negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ESCMID Study Group for Clostridioides difficile, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Elena Reigadas,
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ESCMID Study Group for Clostridioides difficile, Basel, Switzerland
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Olmedo M, Kestler M, Valerio M, Padilla B, Rodríguez González C, Chamarro E, Machado M, Álvarez-Uría A, Alcalá L, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Bezlotoxumab in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections: a real-life experience. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35:279-283. [PMID: 35279984 PMCID: PMC9134882 DOI: 10.37201/req/120.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following the approval of bezlotoxumab in 2017, studies evaluating its effectiveness in prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection under "real-life" conditions are scarce. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study developed in a large tertiary care hospital describing the use and outcomes of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treated with bezlotoxumab. RESULTS A total of 16 patients were include, all of whom had an episode of CDI with high probability of recurrence and 14 of them had some kind of immunosuppression. Bezlotoxumab was effective in the prevention of CDI recurrence in 11 of the 14 cases in which follow up was possible, without significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS Bezlotoxumab was well tolerated and the incidence of recurrent CDI in a high-risk population for recurrence was only 21.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olmedo
- María Olmedo, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Castellano M, Marín M, Alcalá L, Cunnas I, Rodríguez B, Ruíz MJ, Lasso J, Pérez-Cano R, Bouza E, Muñoz P, Guembe M. Exhaustive diagnosis of breast implants with capsular contracture: The microbiology laboratory as a major support. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:3085-3093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Escribano P, Pérez-Granda MJ, Alonso R, Catalán P, Alcalá L, Serra-Rexarch JA, Osuna L, Fernández A, Conti AP, Castellanos A, Guinea J, Muñoz P, Bouza E. High incidence of COVID-19 at nursing homes in Madrid, Spain, despite preventive measures. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35:288-292. [PMID: 35397483 PMCID: PMC9134887 DOI: 10.37201/req/008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of COVID-19 at nine nursing homes in Madrid, Spain, during the first wave of COVID-19 infection and lockdown period when preventive measures were taken to avoid transmission among residents. METHODS Nine hundred forty-two residents and 846 staff members from nine nursing homes participated in the study (April 18 to June 20, 2020). All participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx by PCR and for IgG antibodies detection. Microbiological status at sampling was defined as active infection (positive PCR ± presence of antibodies), past infection (negative PCR + presence of antibodies), or naïve participants (negative PCR + absence of antibodies). RESULTS Laboratory results helped classify the residents as having active infection (n=224; 23.8%), past infection (n=462; 49.1%), or being naïve (n=256; 27.1%); staff members were actively infected (n=127; 15.1%), had had a past infection (n=290; 34.2%), or were naïve (n=429; 50.7%). Overall, the percentage of participants with COVID-19 was significantly higher in residents than in staff members (72.8% vs 49.2%; P=0.001). The clinical situation of residents vs staff at sampling was as follows: acute manifestations compatible with COVID-19 (7.3% vs 3.9%; P<0.01) and no manifestations of infection (92.7% vs 96.0%; P<0.01). A large proportion of both asymptomatic and symptomatic residents (69.4% vs 86.6%; P=0.015) had positive PCR results (mostly alongside positive IgG determinations). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 affects 75% of the residents in nursing homes in Madrid. The high impact in these settings, despite the strict restrictions adopted during the lockdown, demonstrates the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to cause outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Escribano
- Pilar Escribano, Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Latorre MC, Alcalá L, Castellano M, Lasso J, Pérez-Cano R, Bouza E, Muñoz P, Guembe M. The role of biofilm production in Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from breast implants. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:1765-1779. [PMID: 35190278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of C. acnes biofilm production in the pathogenesis of breast implants infections has not been deeply assessed. We analyze biofilm production (in terms of biomass and metabolic activity) between 40 Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from breast implants and 32 from other sites. C. acnes strains isolated from breast implants showed higher metabolic activity than those isolated from other-locations and, especially, those from patients with capsular contracture .
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Affiliation(s)
- María Consuelo Latorre
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Castellano
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Pérez-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; 5Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; 5Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guembe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Mesquida A, Díaz-García J, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Martín-Rabadán P, Alcalá L, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. ΔF659 and F659S substitutions at the HS1 of FKS2 gene, along with E655A and W715L upstream and downstream substitutions, correlate with high ibrexafungerp MICs against Candida glabrata. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1154.e5-1154.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Rodríguez-Grande C, Alcalá L, Estévez A, Sola-Campoy PJ, Buenestado-Serrano S, Martínez-Laperche C, Manuel de la Cueva V, Alonso R, Andrés-Zayas C, Adán-Jiménez J, Losada C, Rico-Luna C, Comas I, González-Candelas F, Catalán P, Muñoz P, Pérez-Lago L, García de Viedma D. Systematic Genomic and Clinical Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfections and Recurrences Involving the Same Strain. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:85-94. [PMID: 34843661 PMCID: PMC8714233 DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.211952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of the burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfections are limited by the scarcity of population-level studies incorporating genomic support. We conducted a systematic study of reinfections in Madrid, Spain, supported by genomic viral analysis and host genetic analysis, to cleanse laboratory errors and to discriminate between reinfections and recurrences involving the same strain. Among the 41,195 cases diagnosed (March 2020-March 2021), 93 (0.23%) had 2 positive reverse transcription PCR tests (55-346 days apart). After eliminating cases with specimens not stored, of suboptimal sequence quality, or belonging to different persons, we obtained valid data from 22 cases. Of those, 4 (0.01%) cases were recurrences involving the same strain; case-patients were 39-93 years of age, and 3 were immunosuppressed. Eighteen (0.04%) cases were reinfections; patients were 19-84 years of age, and most had no relevant clinical history. The second episode was more severe in 8 cases.
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22
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Knoll F, Lautenschlager S, Kawabe S, Martínez G, Espílez E, Mampel L, Alcalá L. Cover Image, Volume 529, Issue 18. J Comp Neurol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Álvarez-Parra S, Pérez-de la Fuente R, Peñalver E, Barrón E, Alcalá L, Pérez-Cano J, Martín-Closas C, Trabelsi K, Meléndez N, López Del Valle R, Lozano RP, Peris D, Rodrigo A, Sarto I Monteys V, Bueno-Cebollada CA, Menor-Salván C, Philippe M, Sánchez-García A, Peña-Kairath C, Arillo A, Espílez E, Mampel L, Delclòs X. Dinosaur bonebed amber from an original swamp forest soil. eLife 2021; 10:72477. [PMID: 34844669 PMCID: PMC8631943 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here, we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer mainly composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data—charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods— are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological assemblage suffered no or low-grade pre-burial transport. This has unlocked unprecedentedly complete and reliable palaeoecological data out of two complementary windows of preservation—the bonebed and the amber—from the same site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Parra
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo Barrón
- Museo Geominero (IGME, CSIC), c/ Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, Teruel, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Martín-Closas
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar II, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR18 ES07, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Geology, University of Vienna, UZA 2, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nieves Meléndez
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López Del Valle
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, c/ Siervas de Jesús 24, 01001, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rafael P Lozano
- Museo Geominero (IGME, CSIC), c/ Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peris
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodrigo
- Museo Geominero (IGME, CSIC), c/ Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sarto I Monteys
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Edifici Z - ICTA-ICP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - César Menor-Salván
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States.,Departamento de Biología de Sistemas/Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Philippe
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alba Sánchez-García
- Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Spain.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
| | - Constanza Peña-Kairath
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Arillo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espílez
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, Teruel, Spain
| | - Luis Mampel
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, Teruel, Spain
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Pérez-Lago L, Kestler M, Sola-Campoy PJ, Rodriguez-Grande C, Flores-García RF, Buenestado-Serrano S, Herranz M, Alcalá L, Martínez-Laperche C, Suárez-González J, Catalán P, Muñoz P, García de Viedma D. SARS-CoV-2 superinfection and reinfection with three different strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3084-3089. [PMID: 34687493 PMCID: PMC8662055 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a corona virus disease (COVID‐19) case with unprecedented viral complexity. In the first severe episode, two different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains (superinfection) were identified within a week. Three months after discharge, the patient was readmitted and was infected in a nosocomial outbreak with a different strain, suffering a second milder COVID‐19 episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martha Kestler
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Sola-Campoy
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Grande
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Francisco Flores-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Dirección de Enfermería. Gerencia., Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Herranz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Laperche
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Suárez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
| | -
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Pérez-Lago L, Machado M, Herranz M, Sola-Campoy PJ, Suárez-González J, Martínez-Laperche C, Comas I, Alcalá L, Catalán P, Muñoz P, García de Viedma D. Host Genetic Analysis Should Be Mandatory for Proper Classification of COVID-19 Reinfections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab402. [PMID: 34552994 PMCID: PMC8436387 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Herranz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Sola-Campoy
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Suárez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Laperche
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Substitute Servicio de Oncohematología by Servicio de Hematología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Vicent L, Bruña V, Devesa C, Sousa-Casasnovas I, Juárez M, Alcalá L, Muñoz P, Fernández-Avilés F, Martínez-Sellés M. Ticagrelor and Infection Risk in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Cardiology 2021; 146:698-704. [PMID: 34551409 DOI: 10.1159/000519285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticagrelor has a bactericidal effect in vitro, and clinical studies suggest a beneficial effect in infections. Our aim was to determine the incidence of infections in patients treated with 3 different P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. METHODS Retrospective registry in a cardiology department. Patients with coronary artery disease discharged on ticagrelor, prasugrel, or clopidogrel from March 2017 to June 2019 were included. The risk of infection was analyzed during the period of P2Y12 inhibitor treatment (12.4 ± 6.7 months). RESULTS A total of 250 patients were included (ticagrelor 91 [36.4%], prasugrel 89 [35.6%], clopidogrel 70 [28.0%]). Mean age was 61.0 ± 13.1 years, and 63 (25.2%) were women. The most common reason to use these drugs was ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) (152 patients - 60.8%). STEMI was the reason to use prasugrel in 84 patients (94.4%), ticagrelor in 44 (48.4%), and clopidogrel in 24 (34.3%), p < 0.001. An infection during follow-up was seen in 87 patients (34.8%), 23 treated with ticagrelor (25.3%), 30 with prasugrel (33.7%) and 34 with clopidogrel (48.6%), p = 0.009. Ticagrelor was independently associated with a lower likelihood of infection (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.95; p = 0.035) compared to prasugrel (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.54-1.73; p = 0.909) and clopidogrel (HR = 1). CONCLUSIONS In patients admitted with coronary artery disease patients treated with ticagrelor had a lower frequency of infections during follow-up than those treated with other P2Y12 inhibitors. Further studies are necessary to clarify the bactericidal effect of ticagrelor in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Vicent
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, .,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Vanesa Bruña
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Devesa
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Sousa-Casasnovas
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Juárez
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias- CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias- CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares - CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Knoll F, Lautenschlager S, Kawabe S, Martínez G, Espílez E, Mampel L, Alcalá L. Palaeoneurology of the early cretaceous iguanodont Proa valdearinnoensis and its bearing on the parallel developments of cognitive abilities in theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3922-3945. [PMID: 34333763 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Proa valdearinnoensis is a relatively large-headed and stocky iguanodontian dinosaur from the latest Early Cretaceous of Spain. Its braincase is known from three specimens. Similar to that of other dinosaurs, it shows a mosaic ossification pattern in which most of the bones seem to have fused together indistinguishably while a few (frontoparietal, basioccipital) might have remained loosely attached. The endocasts of the three specimens are described based on CT data and digital reconstructions. They show unmistakable morphological similarities with the endocast of closely related taxa, such as Sirindhorna khoratensis (which is close in age but from Thailand). This supports a high conservatism of the endocranial cavity. The issue of volumetric correspondence between endocranial cavity and brain in dinosaurs is analyzed. Although a brain-to-endocranial cavity (BEC) index of 0.50 has been traditionally used, we employ instead 0.73. This is indeed the mid-value between the situation in adults of Alligator mississippiensis and Gallus gallus, which are members of the extant bracketing taxa of dinosaurs (Crocodilia and Aves). We thence gauge the level of encephalization of P. valdearinnoensis through the calculation of the encephalization quotient (EQ), which remains valuable as a metric for assessing the degree of cognitive function in extinct taxa, especially those with fully ossified braincases like dinosaurs and other archosaurs. The EQ obtained for P. valdearinnoensis (3.611) suggests that this species was significantly more encephalized than most if not all extant nonavian, nonmammalian amniotes. Our work adds to the growing body of data concerning theoretical cognitive capabilities in dinosaurs and supports the idea that an increasing encephalization was fostered not only in theropods but also in parallel in the shorter-lived lineage of ornithopods. P. valdearinnoensis was ill-equipped to respond to theropod dinosaurs and possibly lived in groups as a strategy to mitigate the risk of being predated upon. We hypothesize that group-living and protracted caring of juveniles in this and possibly many other iguanodontian ornithopods favored a degree of encephalization that was outstanding by reptile standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Knoll
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Teruel, Spain.,Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Lautenschlager
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Soichiro Kawabe
- Institute of Dinosaur Research, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.,Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Fukui, Japan
| | - Gloria Martínez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Obispo Polanco, Teruel, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espílez
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Teruel, Spain
| | - Luis Mampel
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Teruel, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Teruel, Spain
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28
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Pérez-Lago L, Sola Campoy PJ, Buenestado-Serrano S, Pharmacy PC, Estévez A, de la Cueva Technician VM, López MG, Tecnichian MH, Suárez-González J, Alcalá L, Comas I, González-Candelas F, Muñoz P, García de Viedma D. Epidemiological, clinical and genomic snapshot of the first 100 B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 cases in Madrid. J Travel Med 2021; 28:taab044. [PMID: 33763697 PMCID: PMC8083647 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present clinical, genomic and epidemiological data on the first 106 cases with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant in Madrid. Even from the start, the increase of this variant was due to transmission events within the community, some causing extensive clusters, rather than further imports. Most cases developed non-severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Sola Campoy
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán Pharmacy
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Estévez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel de la Cueva Technician
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana G López
- Tuberculosis Genomics Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), SeqCOVID Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Herranz Tecnichian
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Suárez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Tuberculosis Genomics Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), SeqCOVID Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Alcalá L, Marín M, Ruiz A, Quiroga L, Zamora-Cintas M, Fernández-Chico MA, Muñoz P, Rodríguez-Sánchez B. Identifying Anaerobic Bacteria Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: A Four-Year Experience. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:521014. [PMID: 33968791 PMCID: PMC8101409 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.521014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the special culture requirements of anaerobic bacteria, their low growth-rate and the difficulties to isolate them, MALDI-TOF MS has become a reliable identification tool for these microorganisms due to the little amount of bacteria required and the accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS identifications. In this study, the performance of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of anaerobic isolates during a 4-year period is described. Biomass from colonies grown on Brucella agar was directly smeared onto the MALDI-TOF target plate and submitted to on-plate protein extraction with 1μl of 100% formic acid. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was used as a reference method for the identification of isolates unreliably or not identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Overall, 95.7% of the isolates were identified to the species level using the updated V6 database vs 93.8% with previous databases lacking some anaerobic species; 68.5% of the total were reliably identified with high-confidence score values (≥2.0) and 95.0% with low-confidence values (score value ≥1.7). Besides, no differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates were detected beyond a slight decrease of correct species assignment for gram positive cocci (94.1% vs 95.7% globally). MALDI-TOF MS has demonstrated its usefulness for the identification of anaerobes, with high correlation with phenotypic and conventional methods. Over the study period, only 2.1% of the isolates could not be reliably identified and required molecular methods for a final identification. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS provided reliable identification of anaerobic isolates, allowing clinicians to streamline the most appropriate antibiotic therapy and manage patients accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Quiroga
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Zamora-Cintas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antonia Fernández-Chico
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Rodríguez-Grande C, Catalán P, Alcalá L, Buenestado-Serrano S, Adán-Jiménez J, Rodríguez-Maus S, Herranz M, Sicilia J, Acosta F, Pérez-Lago L, Muñoz P, García de Viedma D. Different dynamics of mean SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct values between the first and second COVID-19 waves in the Madrid population. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3103-3106. [PMID: 33621389 PMCID: PMC8014596 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR cycle threshold values from 18,803 cases (2 March–4 October) in Madrid define three stages: (i) initial ten weeks with sustained reduction in viral load (Ct: 23.4–32.3), (ii) stability with low viral loads (Ct: 31.9–35.5) in the next nine weeks and (iii) sudden increase with progressive higher viral loads until reaching stability at high levels in the next twelve weeks, coinciding with an increased percentage of positive cases and reduced median age. These data indicate differential virological/epidemiological patterns between the first and second COVID‐19 waves in Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Grande
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Adán-Jiménez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Maus
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Herranz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Sicilia
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Acosta
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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31
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Abstract
Abstract
Turiasauria is a non-neosauropod eusauropod clade of dinosaurs known since 2006, when the description of Turiasaurus was published. This group, including Losillasaurus, was originally thought to have been restricted to the Late Jurassic of Spain. However, over the last decade, our knowledge of this group has improved with the discovery of new taxa such as Zby from the Portuguese Late Jurassic, Tendaguria from the Tanzanian Late Jurassic and Mierasaurus and Moabosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of the USA. Here, we describe a new specimen of Losillasaurus from Spain, which allows us to better understand the character variation in the cranial and postcranial skeleton. The review of some sauropod fauna of Madagascar, and inclusion of some specimens of Turiasauria, suggest that this clade might have arisen in the Middle Jurassic. According to our phylogenetic results, a specimen found in the early 19th century in Madagascar is shown to be the oldest and only member of Turiasauria represented in the Middle Jurassic thus far. This is named Narindasaurus thevenini gen. & sp. nov.. Turiasauria is thus known from the Middle Jurassic in Pangaea, diversified in the Late Jurassic in Gondwana and Laurasia, and dispersed during the Early Cretaceous to North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Royo-Torres
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alberto Cobos
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Teruel, Spain
| | - Pedro Mocho
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C6, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, UNED, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Teruel, Spain
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32
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Álvarez-Parra S, Delclòs X, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Alcalá L, Peñalver E. Cretaceous amniote integuments recorded through a taphonomic process unique to resins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19840. [PMID: 33199731 PMCID: PMC7669849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil records of vertebrate integuments are relatively common in both rocks, as compressions, and amber, as inclusions. The integument remains, mainly the Mesozoic ones, are of great interest due to the panoply of palaeobiological information they can provide. We describe two Spanish Cretaceous amber pieces that are of taphonomic importance, one bearing avian dinosaur feather remains and the other, mammalian hair. The preserved feather remains originated from an avian dinosaur resting in contact with a stalactite-shaped resin emission for the time it took for the fresh resin to harden. The second piece shows three hair strands recorded on a surface of desiccation, with the characteristic scale pattern exceptionally well preserved and the strands aligned together, which can be considered the record of a tuft. These assemblages were recorded through a rare biostratinomic process we call "pull off vestiture" that is different from the typical resin entrapment and embedding of organisms and biological remains, and unique to resins. The peculiarity of this process is supported by actualistic observations using sticky traps in Madagascar. Lastly, we reinterpret some exceptional records from the literature in the light of that process, thus bringing new insight to the taphonomic and palaeoecological understanding of the circumstances of their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Parra
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica M Solórzano-Kraemer
- Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, 44002, Teruel, Spain
| | - Enrique Peñalver
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (Museo Geominero), c/ Cirilo Amorós 42, 46004, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Olmedo M, Valerio M, Reigadas E, Marín M, Alcalá L, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Clinical impact of a Clostridioides ( Clostridium) difficile bedside infectious disease stewardship intervention. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa037. [PMID: 34223003 PMCID: PMC8210181 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the clinical impact of a bedside visit to patients with a positive Clostridioides difficile test on the antimicrobial stewardship of C. difficile infection (CDI) and non-C. difficile infections. Methods All patients ≥18 years old with positive CDI laboratory tests hospitalized between January 2017 and August 2017 received an immediate bedside intervention that consisted mainly of checking protective measures and providing recommendations on infection control and the management of CDI and other infections. Results A total of 214 patients were evaluated. The infectious disease (ID) physician was the first to establish protective measures in 25.2% of the cases. In 22/29 (75.9%) cases, physicians in charge accepted ID consultant recommendations to stop CDI treatment in asymptomatic patients. Unnecessary non-CDI antibiotics were discontinued in 19.1% of the cases. ID recommendations were not accepted by physicians in charge in only 12.6% of the cases. Conclusions A bedside rapid intervention for patients with a CDI-positive faecal sample was effective in avoiding overdiagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic treatment, optimizing anti-CDI drugs, increasing compliance with infection control measures and providing educational advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Bouza E, Aguado JM, Alcalá L, Almirante B, Alonso-Fernández P, Borges M, Cobo J, Guardiola J, Horcajada JP, Maseda E, Mensa J, Merchante N, Muñoz P, Pérez Sáenz JL, Pujol M, Reigadas E, Salavert M, Barberán J. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: An official clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the working group of Postoperative Infection of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia and Reanimation (SEDAR). Rev Esp Quimioter 2020; 33:151-175. [PMID: 32080996 PMCID: PMC7111242 DOI: 10.37201/req/2065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This document gathers the opinion of a multidisciplinary forum of experts on different aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Spain. It has been structured around a series of questions that the attendees considered relevant and in which a consensus opinion was reached. The main messages were as follows: CDI should be suspected in patients older than 2 years of age in the presence of diarrhea, paralytic ileus and unexplained leukocytosis, even in the absence of classical risk factors. With a few exceptions, a single stool sample is sufficient for diagnosis, which can be sent to the laboratory with or without transportation media for enteropathogenic bacteria. In the absence of diarrhoea, rectal swabs may be valid. The microbiology laboratory should include C. difficile among the pathogens routinely searched in patients with diarrhoea. Laboratory tests in different order and sequence schemes include GDH detection, presence of toxins, molecular tests and toxigenic culture. Immediate determination of sensitivity to drugs such as vancomycin, metronidazole or fidaxomycin is not required. The evolution of toxin persistence is not a suitable test for follow up. Laboratory diagnosis of CDI should be rapid and results reported and interpreted to clinicians immediately. In addition to the basic support of all diarrheic episodes, CDI treatment requires the suppression of antiperistaltic agents, proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics, where possible. Oral vancomycin and fidaxomycin are the antibacterials of choice in treatment, intravenous metronidazole being restricted for patients in whom the presence of the above drugs in the intestinal lumen cannot be assured. Fecal material transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with multiple recurrences but uncertainties persist regarding its standardization and safety. Bezlotoxumab is a monoclonal antibody to C. difficile toxin B that should be administered to patients at high risk of recurrence. Surgery is becoming less and less necessary and prevention with vaccines is under research. Probiotics have so far not been shown to be therapeutically or preventively effective. The therapeutic strategy should be based, rather than on the number of episodes, on the severity of the episodes and on their potential to recur. Some data point to the efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis in patients who reccur CDI when systemic antibiotics are required again.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouza
- Emilio Bouza MD, PhD, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y E. Infecciosas C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46 - 28007 Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Olmedo M, Alcalá L, Valerio M, Marín M, Onori R, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Three different patterns of positive Clostridium difficile laboratory tests. A comparison of clinical behavior. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:115050. [PMID: 32482380 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (CD) diagnosis is very varied and under discussion. Different research groups disagree on the clinical significance of patients with negative direct toxin and positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or even more with direct toxin and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) both negatives, but CD detected by toxigenic culture (TC). The objective was to analyze the characteristics of patients with 3 different diagnostic criteria. We compared these 3 groups of patients: group 1: (GDH+/direct toxin+/PCR+), group 2: (GDH+/direct toxin-/PCR+) and group 3: (GDH-/direct toxin-/PCR not done/TC+). The proportion of patients with CD infection (CDI) (not colonization) for groups 1 to 3 was, respectively, 90.3%, 95.4%, and 59.1%. No differences between severity (40.8%, 38.5%, 27.3%), recurrence (20.3%, 24.1%, 7.6%), or related mortality (12.5%, 5.2%, 0%) were found within the 3 groups of patients. Laboratory clinical results should not be used as the only tool to differentiate CDI versus colonization or severity. We recommend that PCR or a second-look TC be performed on all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaella Onori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI3/00687, PI16/00490, PIE16/00055)
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Reigadas E, Bouza E, Olmedo M, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Villar-Gómara L, Alcalá L, Marín M, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Valerio M, Muñoz P. Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: experience with lyophilized oral capsules. J Hosp Infect 2019; 105:319-324. [PMID: 31883938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective approach for refractory and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Despite its excellent efficacy, FMT is not yet a routine procedure in most centres. There is very little experience with FMT based on lyophilized capsules, and data from European institutions are lacking. This article describes our experience with FMT to treat recurrent CDI using lyophilized oral capsules. METHODS A prospectively recorded single-centre case series of patients with recurrent CDI who underwent FMT between January 2018 and May 2019 were analysed. The primary outcome was defined as resolution of CDI without recurrences over a two-month period. Overall resolution was defined as resolution of diarrhoea without recurrence of CDI within two months after a further cycle of FMT. The FMT process involved oral ingestion of four or five lyophilized capsules in a single dose. All stool donors were rigorously screened. FINDINGS FMT was performed in 32 patients. Primary cure was achieved in 81.3% of patients, and the overall cure rate was 87.5%. FMT via lyophilized capsules was well tolerated. No FMT procedure-related adverse events and no further complications were observed for lyophilized-capsule FMT. CONCLUSIONS This initial clinical experience suggests that FMT based on oral lyophilized preparations is a safe, well-tolerated, and highly effective treatment for recurrent CDI. Administration of oral lyophilized capsules seems feasible in hospital routine and will enable FMT to be more widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Villar-Gómara
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Alcalá L, Martín-Rabadán P, Mesquida A, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Susceptibility of uncommon Candida species to systemic antifungals by the EUCAST methodology. Med Mycol 2019; 58:848-851. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The incidence of infections by uncommon Candida species has increased in recent years, however, in vitro susceptibility data are scarce. Here we assess the susceptibility of C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. lusitaniae, and C. guilliermondii complex isolates (n = 120) to antifungal agents by the EUCAST methodology. C. dubliniensis proved to be the most susceptible species, similar to that of C. albicans (P < .05), whereas C. guilliermondii was the least susceptible. Two C. krusei isolates were echinocandin-resistant and harbored a point mutation (L701M) in the FKS1. Some isolates were either fluconazole-resistant (C. lusitaniae, n = 2) or fluconazole non-wild type (C. guilliermondii, n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Rabadán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Mesquida
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Arribas I, Buscalioni AD, Royo Torres R, Espílez E, Mampel L, Alcalá L. A new goniopholidid crocodyliform, Hulkepholis rori sp. nov. from the Camarillas Formation (early Barremian) in Galve, Spain). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7911. [PMID: 31687271 PMCID: PMC6825746 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neosuchian crocodyliform genus Hulkepholis constitutes the longirostral lineage of the European Goniopholididae. It comprises two species ranging from the Valanginian of southern England to the lower Albian of the northern Teruel (Spain). A new species of Hulkepholis is described based on a partially complete skull from the lower Barremian Camarillas Formation. We investigate its phylogenetic position and the palatal patterns among members of Goniopholididae and the closely related Thalattosuchia and Tethysuchia. Methods Phylogenetic relationships were investigated with two matrices using a previously published dataset as the basis: the first differed only by the addition of the new species, the second had newly discovered states for 11 characters, the new species plus several additional specimens of Hulkepholis and Anteophthalmosuchus. Both matrices were processed using TNT v. 1.1, in a heuristic analysis of maximum parsimony, with tree bisection and reconnection 1,000 random addition replicates and saving the 10 most parsimonious trees per replicate, and up to 10 suboptimal trees to calculate Bremer supports. The skull geometry of nine species from Thalattosuchia, Tethysuchia and Goniopholididae was explored to test shape variation between the rostral and postrostral modules, and to visualize the differences on the secondary palate. A set of 18 landmarks was used to delimit significant anatomical features, and the skulls were isotropically scaled using Adobe Illustrator, with the longest skull (Sarcosuchus imperator) as the baseline for comparison. Results The European lineages of goniopholidids are two clades (Nannosuchus + Goniopholis) plus (Hulkepholis + Anteophthalmosuchus). The new species, Hulkepholis rori sp. nov, shares with the latter clade the following apormorphies: a long anterolateral postorbital process, postorbital process almost reaching the anterior jugal ramus, and basioccipital tubera with lateral edges turned posteriorly. Anteophthalmosuchus was found to be monophyletic, and Hulkepholis paraphyletic due to the poor preservation of H. willetti. Hulkepholis rori is distinguished by having vascular fossae and a mid-protuberance on the ventral surface of the basioccipital, and wide internal fossae in the quadrate. Among Goniopholididae differences on the secondary palate are the presence of a palatal cleft, the narrowness of the secondary choana, and a wide foramen of the median pharyngeal tube. Conclusions The new species is the earliest Hulkepholis from the Iberian Peninsula. New characters have been recognized in the organization of the palate and in the occipital region raising unexpected questions on the evolution of Goniopholididae. The set of palatal characters is discussed as part of a singular palatogenesis in Goniopholididae. The protruding occipital areas suggest that the longirostral Hulkepholis would have had an aquatic lifestyle with particular neck and skull movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Arribas
- Departamento de Biología, Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela D Buscalioni
- Departamento de Biología, Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Royo Torres
- Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinopolis, Teruel, Aragón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espílez
- Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinopolis, Teruel, Aragón, Spain
| | - Luis Mampel
- Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinopolis, Teruel, Aragón, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinopolis, Teruel, Aragón, Spain
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Ruiz-Ripa L, Alcalá L, Simón C, Gómez P, Mama OM, Rezusta A, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus clones in wild mammals in Aragon, Spain, with detection of MRSA ST130-mecC in wild rabbits. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:284-291. [PMID: 31063623 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate in wild mammals in Aragon, northern Spain, to analyse their antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and to characterize the recovered isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Nasal and rectal swabs of 103 mammals were collected in Aragón during the period 2012-2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were investigated. Molecular characterization was carried out by spa, MLST, agr and SCCmec. Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from 23 animals (22%). Four of the 23 S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Three MRSA were mecC-positive and were isolated from European rabbits and were typed as t843 (ascribed to CC130). The remaining MRSA was a mecA-carrying isolate from European hedgehog, typed as ST1-t386-SCCmecIVa-agrIII and it harboured the blaZ, erm(C), ant(6)-Ia and aph(3´)-IIIa resistance genes. A high diversity of spa-types was detected among the 19 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, which showed high susceptibility to the antimicrobials tested. The tst gene and different combinations of staphylococcal enterotoxins were found. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus were detected in nasal and rectal samples of wild mammals. Wild rabbits could be a reservoir of mecC-MRSA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides information on the presence and characteristics of S. aureus from mammals in a defined geographic region in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - L Alcalá
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Simón
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - O M Mama
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - A Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - C Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Reigadas E, Alcalá L, Marín M, Martin A, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Prediction of poor outcome in Clostridioides difficile infection: A multicentre external validation of the toxin B amplification cycle. Anaerobe 2019; 61:102079. [PMID: 31356959 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Classification of patients according to their risk of poor outcomes in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) would enable implementation of costly new treatment options in a subset of patients at higher risk of poor outcome. In a previous study, we found that low toxin B amplification cycle thresholds (Ct) were independently associated with poor outcome CDI. Our objective was to perform a multicentre external validation of a PCR-toxin B Ct as a marker of poor outcome CDI. We carried out a multicentre study (14 hospitals) in which the characteristics and outcome of patients with CDI were evaluated. A subanalysis of the results of the amplification curve of real-time PCR gene toxin B (XpertTM C. difficile) was performed. A total of 223 patients were included. The median age was 73.0 years, 50.2% were female, and the median Charlson index was 3.0. The comparison of poor outcome and non-poor outcome CDI episodes revealed, respectively, the following results: median age (years), 77.0 vs 72.0 (p = 0.009); patients from nursing homes, 24.4% vs 10.8% (p = 0.039); median leukocytes (cells/μl), 10,740.0 vs 8795.0 (p = 0.026); and median PCR-toxin B Ct, 23.3 vs 25.4 (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that a PCR-toxin B Ct cut-off <23.5 was significantly and independently associated with poor outcome CDI (p = 0.002; OR, 3.371; 95%CI, 1.565-7.264). This variable correctly classified 68.5% of patients. The use of this microbiological marker could facilitate early selection of patients who are at higher risk of poor outcome and are more likely to benefit from newer and more costly therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
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Agnelli C, Valerio M, Olmedo M, Guinea J, Zatarain‐Nicolás E, del Carmen Martínez‐Jiménez M, Alcalá L, Escribano P, Cebollero Presmanes M, Bouza E, Muñoz P, Martín‐Rabadán P. Fatal disseminated infection by
Gymnascella hyalinospora
in a heart transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13128. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Agnelli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Zatarain‐Nicolás
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez‐Jiménez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - María Cebollero Presmanes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Pathology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Martín‐Rabadán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
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Onori R, Marín M, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Oliver C, Muñoz P, Bouza E, Alcalá L. First isolation of Skermanella aerolata from a human sample. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31:552-553. [PMID: 30364926 PMCID: PMC6254487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Onori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Belén Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Cristina Oliver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain
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Reigadas E, Olmedo M, Valerio M, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Alcalá L, Marín M, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: Experience, protocol, and results. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31:411-418. [PMID: 30221898 PMCID: PMC6194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (R-CDI). Despite its excellent efficacy, it is still not a routine procedure in most European centers. FMT has not been widely used in Spain to date. We describe our experience with FMT, including a novel approach based on oral fecal capsules. METHODS We analyzed a prospectively recorded case series of patients with R-CDI treated with FMT at a single center (June 2014-July 2017). Primary outcome was defined as resolution of CDI without recurrence in a two-month period. FMT was administered via colonoscopy, nasojejunal tube, or oral capsules. All stool donors were rigorously screened. RESULTS FMT was performed in 13 patients with R-CDI. Median age was 75.0 years and 76.9% were females. Six FMT were performed via nasojejunal tube, 5 via oral capsules, and 2 by colonoscopy. There were no procedure-related adverse events, except for bacteremia in one patient. During follow-up, R- CDI was observed in one patient at one month after FMT. The primary resolution rate was 83.3% and the overall resolution rate was 91.7%. FMT by capsules achieved a 100% resolution rate, colonoscopy 100%, and nasojejunal tube 80.0%. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, FMT proved to be safe and effective, even in high risk patients. Oral administration in capsules also proved to be safe, well-tolerated, and highly effective for R-CDI. In our experience, the FMT capsule formulation seems feasible in the routine of a hospital. This administration method will allow FMT to be more widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Bouza E, Onori R, Semiglia-Chong MA, Álvarez-Uría A, Alcalá L, Burillo A. Fast track SSTI management program based on a rapid molecular test (GeneXpert® MRSA/SA SSTI) and antimicrobial stewardship. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018; 53:328-335. [PMID: 30224283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the impacts of a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) management program involving a rapid diagnostic algorithm (Gram stain plus real-time PCR, GeneXpert® MRSA/SA SSTI) performed directly on clinical samples plus antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) counseling of the responsible physician. METHODS Participants were 155 consecutive adult inpatients with SSTI and good quality clinical samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory from April 2016 to January 2017. Results of the rapid test and AMS recommendations were phoned through to the responsible physician. The comparison group was a historical cohort. RESULTS Most SSTI were surgical wound infections (41.3% vs 38.1% for the intervention and comparison groups respectively) followed by diabetic foot (14.2% and 18.1%), abscesses (13.5% both) and cellulitis (12.9% both). Isolated microorganisms were mostly Gram-negative bacilli (two-thirds), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The ratio methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) to methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) was 4:1. Improvements in the intervention cohort were: DOT (22.0 vs. 24.3 days, p = 0.007), treatment duration per SSTI episode (14.1 vs. 15.0 days, p = 0.072), treatment cost (433.1 vs. 533.3 €, p = 0.039), length of stay (18.6 vs 20.7 days, p = 0.031), related mortality (1 vs. 4 patients, p = 0.022) and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) (4 vs. 8 patients, p = 0.050). In 48 cases (31.4%) in the intervention group, advice was given to improve empiric antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION This type of program could help adjust antibiotic treatment when inappropriate, reducing antibiotic use and costs, length of stay, CDI and related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Bouza
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaella Onori
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Auxiliadora Semiglia-Chong
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Uría
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Burillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Zamora-Cintas M, Marín M, Quiroga L, Martínez A, Fernández-Chico MA, Bouza E, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Alcalá L. Identification of Porphyromonas isolates from clinical origin using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Anaerobe 2018; 54:197-200. [PMID: 30541687 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide implementation of MALDI-TOF MS for the rapid and reliable identification of most microorganisms, some taxonomic groups such as the Porphyromonas genus remain largely untested. In this study we evaluated the performance of MALDI-TOF MS on this genus using a collection of 39 isolates sent for routine identification to our institution over a 16-year period. All of them were identified by DNA-sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene plus the hsp60 gene when the previous one did not yield species-level assignment. MALDI-TOF MS provided correct identification at least at the genus level of 21/39 isolates (53.9%). Twelve isolates were correctly identified at the species level with a score value ≥ 2.0 and 9 more with score values < 2.0 and ≥ 1.7. The species most represented in the database (P. gingivalis and P. somerae) lay within this category. However, the species poorly represented in this database (P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis) were mostly identified with lower scores (1.35-1.67) or remained unidentified by MALDI-TOF MS. The addition of two P. asaccharolytica reference spectra to our in-house library allowed 72.9% of genus-level identifications with 17/37 isolates (45.9%) identified with score values ≥ 2.0. Our results showed a high level of correlation between MALDI-TOF MS and DNA-based identification for Porphyromonas spp. strains at the species level, even with score values < 2.0. The reliability provided by MALDI-TOF MS increased when the database was fed with spectra from the species poorly represented in the commercial database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Zamora-Cintas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lidia Quiroga
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Martínez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antonia Fernández-Chico
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Kirkland JI, DeBlieux DD, Foster JR, Cobos A, Alcalá L. Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14311. [PMID: 29085006 PMCID: PMC5662694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, largely complete eusauropod dinosaur with cranial and postcranial elements from two skeletons, Mierasaurus bobyoungi gen. nov., sp. nov. from the lower Yellow Cat Member (Early Cretaceous) of Utah (USA), is the first recognized member of Turiasauria from North America. Moreover, according to our phylogenetic results, Moabosaurus utahensis from the lower Yellow Cat Member of Utah (USA) is also a member of this clade. This group of non-neosauropod eusauropods, which now includes five genera (Losillasaurus, Turiasaurus, Mierasaurus, Moabosaurus and Zby), was previously known only from the Jurassic of Europe. These recent discoveries in Utah suggest that turiasaurs as a lineage survived the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction boundary and expanded their known range, at least, into western North America. The revised spatiotemporal distribution of turiasaurs is consistent with the presence of a land connection between North America and Europe sometime during the late Tithonian to Valanginian (c.147-133 Ma). Mierasaurus and Moabosaurus are the only non-neosauropod eusauropods known from North America, despite being younger than the classic neosauropods of the Morrison Formation (c.150 Ma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Royo-Torres
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, E-44002, Teruel, Spain.
| | - Paul Upchurch
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - James I Kirkland
- Utah Geological Survey, PO Box 146100, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84114-6100, United States.
| | - Donald D DeBlieux
- Utah Geological Survey, PO Box 146100, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84114-6100, United States
| | - John R Foster
- Museum of Moab, 118 East Center St., Moab, Utah, 84532, United States
| | - Alberto Cobos
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, E-44002, Teruel, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Av. Sagunto s/n, E-44002, Teruel, Spain
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Reigadas E, Alcalá L, Gómez J, Marín M, Martin A, Onori R, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Breakthrough Clostridium difficile Infection in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Rifaximin. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 66:1086-1091. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain
| | - Javier Gómez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain
| | - Adoración Martin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
| | - Raffaella Onori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Spain
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Reigadas E, Muñoz-Pacheco P, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Alcalá L, Marín M, Martin A, Bouza E. Rifaximin-resistant Clostridium difficile strains isolated from symptomatic patients. Anaerobe 2017; 48:269-272. [PMID: 28988773 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin has been proposed as an alternative treatment for specific cases of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and intestinal decontamination. Rifaximin-resistant C. difficile has occasionally been reported. Antibiotic susceptibility testing relies on anaerobic agar dilution (reference method), which is cumbersome and not routinely used. There is no commercial test for detection of resistance to rifaximin. OBJECTIVES To assess resistance to rifaximin by C. difficile and to evaluate the correlation between the results of the rifampicin E-test and susceptibility to rifaximin. METHODS We compared the in vitro susceptibility of clinical CDI isolates to rifaximin over a 6-month period using the agar dilution method with susceptibility to rifampicin using the E-test. All isolates were characterized using PCR-ribotyping. Clinical data were recorded prospectively. RESULTS We recovered 276 consecutive C. difficile isolates and found that 32.2% of episodes were caused by rifaximin-resistant strains. The MICs for rifaximin ranged from <0.0009-256 mg/L, with a geometric mean (GM) of 0.256 mg/L, an MIC50/90 of 0.015/>256 mg/L. Rifaximin and rifampicin MICs were comparable, and all strains classed as resistant by agar dilution were correctly classified as resistant by E-test. The most common ribotypes were 001 (37.2%), 078/126 (14.3%), and 014 (12.0%). Ribotype 001 exhibited the highest MICs for rifaximin. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to rifaximin was common; resistance rates were higher in ribotype 001 strains. Susceptibility to rifaximin determined by agar dilution correlated with susceptibility to rifampicin determined using the E-test, including rifaximin-resistant strains. Our results suggest that the rifampicin E-test is a valid method for the prediction of rifaximin-resistant C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Muñoz-Pacheco
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Alcalá
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marín
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
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Oviaño M, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Gómara M, Alcalá L, Zvezdanova E, Ruíz A, Velasco D, Gude MJ, Bouza E, Bou G. Direct identification of clinical pathogens from liquid culture media by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:624-629. [PMID: 28962998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We propose using MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for identifying microorganisms directly from liquid cultures after enrichment of the clinical sample in the media, to obtain a rapid microbiological diagnosis and an adequate administration of the antibiotic therapy in a clinical setting. METHODS To evaluate this approach, a series of quality control isolates were grown in thioglycollate (TG) broth and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and extracted under four different protocols before finally being identified by MALDI-TOF MS. After establishing the best extraction protocol, we validated the method in a total of 300 liquid cultures (150 in TG broth and 150 in BHI broth) of different types of clinical samples obtained from two tertiary Spanish hospitals. RESULTS The initial evaluation showed that the extraction protocol including a 5 minute sonication step yielded 100% valid identifications, with an average score value of 2.305. In the clinical validation of the procedure, 98% of the microorganisms identified from the TG broth were correctly identified relative to 97% of those identified from the BHI broth. In 24% of the samples analysed, growth by direct sowing was only successful in the liquid medium, and no growth was observed in the direct solid agar cultures. CONCLUSIONS Use of MALDI-TOF MS plus the sonication-based extraction method enabled direct and accurate identification of microorganisms in liquid culture media in 15 minutes, in contrast to the 24 hours of subculture required for conventional identification, allowing the administration of a targeted antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oviaño
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - B Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gómara
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Zvezdanova
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ruíz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Velasco
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - M J Gude
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain.
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Alonso R, Pérez-García F, López-Roa P, Alcalá L, Rodeño P, Bouza E. HCV core-antigen assay as an alternative to HCV RNA quantification: A correlation study for the assessment of HCV viremia. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:175-178. [PMID: 28245938 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and the HCV core antigen assay (HCV-Ag) are reliable techniques for the diagnosis of active and chronic HCV infection. Our aim was to evaluate the HCV-Ag assay as an alternative to quantification of HVC RNA. METHODS A comparison was made of the sensitivity and specificity of an HCV-Ag assay (204 serum samples) with those of a PCR assay, and the correlation between the two techniques was determined. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of HCV-Ag was 76.6% and 100%, respectively. Both assays were extremely well correlated (Pearson coefficient=0.951). The formula (LogCV=1.15*LogAg+2.26) was obtained to calculate the viral load by PCR from HCV-Ag values. HCV-Ag was unable to detect viral loads below 5000IU/mL. CONCLUSION Although the HCV-Ag assay was less sensitive than the PCR assay, the correlation between both assays was excellent. HCV-Ag can be useful as a first step in the diagnosis of acute or chronic HCV infection and in emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Pérez-García
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula López-Roa
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodeño
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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