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Perreault A, Harper K, Lebel M, Charbonneau M, Adam D, Brochiero E, Cantin AM, Leduc M, Gagnon L, Dubois CM. Human Lung Tissue Implanted on the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Novel In Vivo Model of IPF. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:164-172. [PMID: 35612953 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0037ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with no curative pharmacological treatment. Current preclinical models fail to accurately reproduce human pathophysiology and are therefore poor predictors of clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated whether the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay supports the implantation of xenografts derived from IPF lung tissue and primary IPF lung fibroblasts and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antifibrotic drugs. We demonstrate that IPF xenografts maintain their integrity and are perfused with chick embryo blood. Size measurements indicate that the xenografts amplify on the CAM, and Ki67 and pro-collagen type I immunohistochemical staining highlight the presence of proliferative and functional cells in the xenografts. Moreover, the IPF phenotype and immune microenvironment of lung tissues are retained when cultivated on the CAM and the fibroblast xenografts mimic invasive IPF fibroblastic foci. Daily treatments of the xenografts with nintedanib and PBI-4050 significantly reduce their size, fibrosis-associated gene expression, and collagen deposition. Similar effects are found with GLPG1205 and fenofibric acid, two drugs that target the immune microenvironment. Our CAM-IPF model represents the first in vivo model of IPF that uses human lung tissue. This rapid and cost-effective assay could become a valuable tool for predicting the efficacy of antifibrotic drug candidates for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Perreault
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly Harper
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mégane Lebel
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André M Cantin
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Leduc
- Liminal BioSciences Inc, 262159, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Liminal BioSciences Inc, 262159, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire M Dubois
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;
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2
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Maisonnasse P, Aldon Y, Marc A, Marlin R, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Kuzmina NA, Freyn AW, Snitselaar JL, Gonçalves A, Caniels TG, Burger JA, Poniman M, Chesnais V, Diry S, Iershov A, Ronk AJ, Jangra S, Rathnasinghe R, Brouwer P, Bijl T, van Schooten J, Brinkkemper M, Liu H, Yuan M, Mire CE, van Breemen MJ, Contreras V, Naninck T, Lemaître J, Kahlaoui N, Relouzat F, Chapon C, Ho Tsong Fang R, McDanal C, Osei-Twum M, St-Amant N, Gagnon L, Montefiori DC, Wilson IA, Ginoux E, de Bree GJ, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Coughlan L, Bukreyev A, van der Werf S, Guedj J, Sanders RW, van Gils MJ, Le Grand R. COVA1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 in three preclinical models. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-235272. [PMID: 33619476 PMCID: PMC7899470 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-235272/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One year into the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), effective treatments are still needed 1-3 . Monoclonal antibodies, given alone or as part of a therapeutic cocktail, have shown promising results in patients, raising the hope that they could play an important role in preventing clinical deterioration in severely ill or in exposed, high risk individuals 4-6 . Here, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of COVA1-18 in vivo , a neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient 7 and highly potent against the B.1.1.7. isolate 8,9 . In both prophylactic and therapeutic settings, SARS-CoV-2 remained undetectable in the lungs of COVA1-18 treated hACE2 mice. Therapeutic treatment also caused a dramatic reduction in viral loads in the lungs of Syrian hamsters. When administered at 10 mg kg - 1 one day prior to a high dose SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus macaques, COVA1-18 had a very strong antiviral activity in the upper respiratory compartments with an estimated reduction in viral infectivity of more than 95%, and prevented lymphopenia and extensive lung lesions. Modelling and experimental findings demonstrate that COVA1-18 has a strong antiviral activity in three different preclinical models and could be a valuable candidate for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Y Aldon
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Marc
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - R Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - N Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - N A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Texas, USA
| | - A W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
| | - J L Snitselaar
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Gonçalves
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - T G Caniels
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A Burger
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Poniman
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Chesnais
- Life and Soft, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - S Diry
- Life and Soft, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - A Iershov
- Life and Soft, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - A J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Texas, USA
| | - S Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
| | - R Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
| | - Pjm Brouwer
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tpl Bijl
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J van Schooten
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Brinkkemper
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - C E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - M J van Breemen
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - T Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - J Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - N Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - F Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - C Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - R Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - C McDanal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute & Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | - D C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute & Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - I A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - E Ginoux
- Life and Soft, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - G J de Bree
- Internal Medicine of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
| | - M Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
| | - L Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (NY), USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF1, Office #380E, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - A Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - S van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J Guedj
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - R W Sanders
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - M J van Gils
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
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3
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Nguyen QT, Nsaibia MJ, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Fen Shi Y, Ruiz M, Daneault C, Gagnon L, Grouix B, Laurin P, Dupuis J. PBI-4050 reduces pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, and right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:171-182. [PMID: 30753422 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) causes lung remodelling with myofibroblasts proliferation and fibrosis leading to a restrictive lung syndrome with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. PBI-4050 is a first-in-class anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative compound. The present study evaluated the therapeutic impact of PBI-4050 on PH in an HFrEF model. METHODS AND RESULTS HFrEF was induced after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Two weeks later, sham-operated and MI groups received PBI-4050 (200 mg/kg/day by gavage) or saline for 3 weeks. Animals were analysed according to infarct size as large (≥30% left ventricle) or medium MI (<30%). Large MI caused PH and RV hypertrophy (RVH) with a restrictive lung syndrome. PBI-4050 did not adversely affect left ventricular (LV) function but markedly reduced PH and RVH and improved RV dysfunction. PBI-4050 reduced lung remodelling and improved respiratory compliance with decreased lung fibrosis, alveolar wall cellular proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin expression. The increased expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 in the lungs from HFrEF were reduced with PBI-4050 therapy. Activation of isolated human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) to a myofibroblastic pro-fibrogenic phenotype was markedly reduced by PBI-4050. The fatty acid receptor GPR84 was increased in HFrEF lungs and in activated HLFs, and reduced by PBI-4050. GPR84 agonists activated fibrogenesis in HLFs and finally, PBI-4050 reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS PBI-4050 reduces PH and RVH in HFrEF by decreasing lung fibrosis and remodelling. This novel agent decreases the associated restrictive lung syndrome and recovers RV function. A contributing mechanism involves reducing the activation of lung fibroblasts by IL-6, TGF-β, and ET-1 by antagonism of GPR84 and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. PBI-4050 is a novel promising therapy for targeting lung remodelling in group II PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang T Nguyen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Mohamed J Nsaibia
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Prometic Biosciences Inc., 440 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, QC, H7V 4B4, Canada
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie et Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie et Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie et Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yan Fen Shi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie et Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Caroline Daneault
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic Biosciences Inc., 440 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, QC, H7V 4B4, Canada
| | - Brigitte Grouix
- Prometic Biosciences Inc., 440 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, QC, H7V 4B4, Canada
| | - Pierre Laurin
- Prometic Biosciences Inc., 440 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, QC, H7V 4B4, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger est, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie et Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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4
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Simard JC, Thibodeau JF, Leduc M, Tremblay M, Laverdure A, Sarra-Bournet F, Gagnon W, Ouboudinar J, Gervais L, Felton A, Letourneau S, Geerts L, Cloutier MP, Hince K, Corpuz R, Blais A, Quintela VM, Duceppe JS, Abbott SD, Blais A, Zacharie B, Laurin P, Laplante SR, Kennedy CRJ, Hébert RL, Leblond FA, Grouix B, Gagnon L. Fatty acid mimetic PBI-4547 restores metabolic homeostasis via GPR84 in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12778. [PMID: 32728158 PMCID: PMC7391726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and is associated with metabolic dysregulation. Although G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) has been associated with inflammation, its role in metabolic regulation remains elusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of PBI-4547 for the treatment of NAFLD and to validate the role of its main target receptor, GPR84. We report that PBI-4547 is a fatty acid mimetic, acting concomitantly as a GPR84 antagonist and GPR40/GPR120 agonist. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, PBI-4547 treatment improved metabolic dysregulation, reduced hepatic steatosis, ballooning and NAFLD score. PBI-4547 stimulated fatty acid oxidation and induced gene expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in the liver. Liver metabolomics revealed that PBI-4547 improved metabolic dysregulation induced by a high-fat diet regimen. In Gpr84−/− mice, PBI-4547 treatment failed to improve various key NAFLD-associated parameters, as was observed in wildtype littermates. Taken together, these results highlight a detrimental role for the GPR84 receptor in the context of meta-inflammation and suggest that GPR84 antagonism via PBI-4547 may reflect a novel treatment approach for NAFLD and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Simard
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Thibodeau
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Martin Leduc
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Mikael Tremblay
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Laverdure
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - François Sarra-Bournet
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - William Gagnon
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Jugurtha Ouboudinar
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Liette Gervais
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Felton
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Sylvie Letourneau
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Lilianne Geerts
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Cloutier
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Kathy Hince
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Ramon Corpuz
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Blais
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Vanessa Marques Quintela
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Duceppe
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Shaun D Abbott
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Amélie Blais
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Boulos Zacharie
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Pierre Laurin
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Steven R Laplante
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Christopher R J Kennedy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard L Hébert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - François A Leblond
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Brigitte Grouix
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Liminal R&D Biosciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest (Suite 150), Laval, QC, H7V 5B7, Canada
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5
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Gagnon L, Thibodeau JF, Holterman C, Laurin P, Hébert R, Kennedy C, Grouix B. SP345ACTIVATION OF THE FREE-FATTY ACID RECEPTOR GPR40 IMPROVES ANEMIA IN MOUSE MODELS OF KIDNEY DISEASE VIA A NOVEL EPO-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM OF ACTION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz103.sp345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Thibodeau JF, Holterman C, Cloutier MP, Simard JC, Laurin P, Hébert R, Leblond FA, Kennedy C. FP266PBI-4050 REDUCES SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES, AND RENAL INJURY IN MICE WITH SEPSIS-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; ROLE OF GPR84. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz106.fp266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Simard JC, Cloutier MP, Laverdure A, Richard J, Gervais L, Felton A, Laurin P, Grouix B. SP436PBI-4050 IMPROVES METABOLIC REGULATION AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY THROUGH REDUCTION OF ER STRESS, PRO-INFLAMMATORY/FIBROTIC MARKERS, GALECTIN-3 EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATORY CELL INFILTRATION IN OB/OB MOUSE MODEL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz103.sp436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Gagnon L, Leduc M, Thibodeau JF, Leblond FA, Laurin P, Grouix B. FO008FATTY ACID RECEPTORS GPR40/GPR84: TWO PROMISING TARGETS IN KIDNEY FIBROSIS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz096.fo008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Khalil N, Manganas H, Ryerson CJ, Shapera S, Cantin AM, Hernandez P, Turcotte EE, Parker JM, Moran JE, Albert GR, Sawtell R, Hagerimana A, Laurin P, Gagnon L, Cesari F, Kolb M. Phase 2 clinical trial of PBI-4050 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.00663-2018. [PMID: 30578394 PMCID: PMC6422836 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00663-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PBI-4050 is a novel orally active small-molecule compound with demonstrated anti-fibrotic activity in several models of fibrosis, including lung fibrosis. We present results from our first clinical study of PBI-4050 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This 12-week open-label study explored the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of daily oral doses of 800 mg PBI-4050 alone and in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone in patients with predominantly mild or moderate IPF. Nine patients received PBI-4050 alone, 16 patients received PBI-4050 with nintedanib and 16 patients received PBI-4050 with pirfenidone. PBI-4050 alone or in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic profiles for PBI-4050 were similar in the PBI-4050 alone and PBI-4050+nintedanib groups but reduced in the PBI-4050+pirfenidone group, suggesting a drug–drug interaction. There were no significant changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), either in % predicted or mL, from baseline to week 12 for PBI-4050 alone or PBI-4050+nintedanib. In contrast, a statistically significant reduction (p<0.024) in FVC % pred was seen for PBI-4050+pirfenidone after 12 weeks. There were no safety concerns with PBI-4050 alone or in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone in IPF patients. The stability of FVC between baseline and week 12 looked encouraging for PBI-4050 alone and in combination with nintedanib. PBI-4050 alone and in combination with nintedanib demonstrated no safety concerns and showed encouraging results for lung function in IPF patientshttp://ow.ly/olQD30myD0E
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Khalil
- Vancouver General Hospital - The Lung Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helene Manganas
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shane Shapera
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andre M Cantin
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS-CRC), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Hernandez
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eric E Turcotte
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic Life Sciences Inc., Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Zacharie B, Abbott SD, Duceppe J, Gagnon L, Grouix B, Geerts L, Gervais L, Sarra‐Bournet F, Perron V, Wilb N, Penney CL, Laurin P. Design and Synthesis of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Triazines for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:737-749. [PMID: 30258746 PMCID: PMC6148406 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight synthetic molecules 1 with the general 2-(fluorophenylamino)-4,6-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine structure and showing anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were explored. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated the importance of the aminopentyl chain, the 3- or 4-fluorophenylaniline component, and the presence of at least one substituent, such as a tyramine moiety, attached directly to the triazine ring as essential for good activity. These compounds, represented by leads 4-{2-[4-(5-Aminopentylamino)-6-(3-fluorophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]ethyl}phenol (6) and 4-{2-[4-(5-Aminopentylamino)-6-(4-fluorophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]ethyl}phenol (10), displayed moderate and significant in vitro and in vivo dual activities, respectively, and address the molecular link between inflammation and cancer. Compound 10 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy upon administration by the oral and intravenous routes in several animal models. This class of triazine compounds is new, safe, and nontoxic and offers a novel approach to the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boulos Zacharie
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Shaun D. Abbott
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Jean‐Simon Duceppe
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Brigitte Grouix
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Lilianne Geerts
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Liette Gervais
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | | | - Valérie Perron
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Nicole Wilb
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Christopher L. Penney
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Pierre Laurin
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
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Grouix B, Sarra-Bournet F, Leduc M, Simard JC, Hince K, Geerts L, Blais A, Gervais L, Laverdure A, Felton A, Richard J, Ouboudinar J, Gagnon W, Leblond FA, Laurin P, Gagnon L. PBI-4050 Reduces Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis through Modulation of Intracellular ATP Levels and the Liver Kinase B1/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:71-81. [PMID: 30093459 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for which there is currently no effective therapy. We previously showed that 2-(3-pentylphenyl)acetic acid (PBI-4050) is a dual G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 agonist/GPR84 antagonist that exerts antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative action. We evaluated PBI-4050 for the treatment of liver fibrosis in vivo and elucidated its mechanism of action on human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The antifibrotic effect of PBI-4050 was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis rodent models. Treatment with PBI-4050 suppressed CCl4-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, inflammatory marker nitric oxide synthase, epithelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factor Snail, and multiple profibrotic factors. PBI-4050 also decreased GPR84 mRNA expression in CCl4-induced injury, while restoring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to the control level. Collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels were also attenuated by PBI-4050 treatment in the bile duct ligation rat model. Transforming growth factor-β-activated primary HSCs were used to examine the effect of PBI-4050 and its mechanism of action in vitro. PBI-4050 inhibited HSC proliferation by arresting cells in the G0/G1 cycle phase. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that PBI-4050 signals through a reduction of intracellular ATP levels, activation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), resulting in reduced protein and mRNA levels of α-SMA and connective tissue growth factor and restored PPARγ mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that PBI-4050 may exert antifibrotic activity in the liver through a novel mechanism of action involving modulation of intracellular ATP levels and the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway in stellate cells, and PBI-4050 may be a promising agent for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Leduc
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Kathy Hince
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
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12
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Li Y, Chung S, Li Z, Overstreet JM, Gagnon L, Grouix B, Leduc M, Laurin P, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Fatty acid receptor modulator PBI-4050 inhibits kidney fibrosis and improves glycemic control. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120365. [PMID: 29769449 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive kidney fibrosis occurs in several types of chronic kidney diseases. PBI-4050, a potentially novel first-in-class orally active low-molecular weight compound, has antifibrotic and antiinflammatory properties. We examined whether PBI-4050 affected the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in a mouse model of accelerated type 2 diabetes and in a model of selective tubulointerstitial fibrosis. eNOS-/- db/db mice were treated with PBI-4050 from 8-20 weeks of age (early treatment) or from 16-24 weeks of age (late treatment). PBI-4050 treatment ameliorated the fasting hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose tolerance tests seen in vehicle-treated mice. In addition, PBI-4050 preserved (early treatment) or restored (late treatment) blood insulin levels and increased autophagy in islets. PBI-4050 treatment led to significant improvements in lifespan in the diabetic mice. Both early and late PBI-4050 treatment protected against progression of DN, as indicated by reduced histological glomerular injury and albuminuria, slow decline of glomerular filtration rate, and loss of podocytes. PBI-4050 inhibited kidney macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and TGF-β-mediated fibrotic signaling pathways, and it also protected against the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To confirm a direct antiinflammatory/antifibrotic effect in the kidney, further studies with a nondiabetic model of EGFR-mediated proximal tubule activation confirmed that PBI-4050 dramatically decreased the development of the associated tubulointerstitial injury and macrophage infiltration. These studies suggest that PBI-4050 attenuates development of DN in type 2 diabetes through improvement of glycemic control and inhibition of renal TGF-β-mediated fibrotic pathways, in association with decreases in macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Martin Leduc
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Dupuis J, Nguyen QT, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Shi Y, Laverdure A, Grouix B, Gagnon L. PBI-4050, A NOVEL FIRST-IN-CLASS AGENT, REDUCES PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, LUNG REMODELING AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Gagnon L, Sarra-Bournet F, Laverdure A, Gervais L, Geerts L, Laurin P, Grouix B. SP251TREATMENT EFFICACY OF PBI-4050, AN ORALLY ACTIVE ANTIFIBROTIC AGENT, CAN BE MONITORED BY FOLLOWING URINARY BIOMARKERS IN 5/6-NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw163.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Hince K, Sarra-Bournet F, Gervais L, Felton A, Laverdure A, Gagnon W, Leduc M, Geerts L, Laurin P, Grouix B. SO022PBI-4425, A NOVEL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY/FIBROTIC COMPOUND, IMPROVES KIDNEY FUNCTION AND GLOMERULAR INTEGRITY IN THE DIABETIC DB/DB MOUSE MODEL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw120.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Leduc M, Grouix B, Geerts L, Sarra-Bournet F, Gagnon W, Felton A, Hince K, Tremblay M, Gervais L, Cloutier MP, Cesari F, Moran J, Laurin P. SP102ORAL TREATMENT WITH PBI-4050 REDUCES KIDNEY FIBROSIS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv188.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Zhang MZ, Grouix B, Hince K, Sarra-Bournet F, Gervais L, Tremblay M, Cloutier MP, Geerts L, Cesari F, Moran J, Laurin P, Harris R. FP445PBI-4050 PROTECTS AGAINST RENAL AND PANCREATIC FIBROSIS IN TYPE II DIABETES. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv178.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Grouix B, Hince K, Sarra-Bournet F, Felton A, Tremblay M, Cloutier MP, Abbott S, Duceppe JS, Zacharie B, Laurin P, Gagnon L. SP047ORAL TREATMENT WITH PBI-4547, A NOVEL FIRST-IN-CLASS ANTI-DIABETIC AND ANTI-FIBROTIC COMPOUND, IMPROVES GLOMERULAR FUNCTION AND PREVENTS PODOCYTE INJURY IN THE DIABETIC DB/DB MOUSE MODEL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv188.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Beddar S, Beaulieu L. TU-C-108-08: Characterization of a Fiber-Taper CCD Photo-Counting System for Plastic Scintillation Dosimetry and Comparison to the Traditional Lens System. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kanlaya R, Sintiprungrat K, Thongboonkerd V, Torremade N, Bindels R, Hoenderop J, Fernandez E, Dusso A, Valdivielso JM, Krueger T, Boor P, Schafer C, Westenfeld R, Brandenburg V, Schlieper G, Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M, Jee W, Li X, Richards B, Floege J, Goncalves JG, Canale D, de Braganca AC, Shimizu MHM, Moyses RMA, Andrade L, Seguro AC, Volpini RA, Romoli S, Migliorini A, Anders HJ, Eskova O, Neprintseva N, Tchebotareva N, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, Simic I, Tabatabaeifar M, Wlodkowski T, Denc H, Mollet G, Antignac C, Schaefer F, Ekaterina IA, Giardino L, Rastaldi MP, Van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E, Okina C, Okamoto T, Kamata M, Murano J, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi K, Kamata F, Sakai T, Naito S, Aoyama T, Sano T, Takeuchi Y, Kamata K, Thomasova D, Bruns HA, Liapis H, Anders HJ, Iwashita T, Hasegawa H, Takayanagi K, Shimizu T, Asakura J, Okazaki S, Kogure Y, Hatano M, Hara H, Inamura M, Iwanaga M, Mitani T, Mitarai T, Savin VJ, Sharma M, Wei C, Reiser J, McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Gauchat JF, Eneman B, Freson K, Van den Heuvel L, Van Geet C, Levtchenko E, Choi DE, Jeong JY, Chang YK, Na KR, Lee KW, Shin YT, Ni HF, Chen JF, Zhang MH, Pan MM, Liu BC, Lee KW, Jeong JY, Choi DE, Chang YK, Kim SS, Na KR, Shin YT, Suzuki T, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Wada Y, Yamamoto Y, Shibata T, Akizawa T, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Ehling J, Babickova J, Gremse F, Kiessling F, Floege J, Lammers T, Boor P, Lech M, Gunthner R, Lorenz G, Ryu M, Grobmayr R, Susanti H, Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA, Anders HJ, Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado J, Sanz AB, Eguchi S, Pato J, Keri G, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Leduc M, Geerts L, Grouix B, Sarra-Bournet F, Felton A, Gervais L, Abbott S, Duceppe JS, Zacharie B, Penney C, Laurin P, Gagnon L, Detsika MG, Duann P, Lianos EA, Leong KI, Chiang CK, Yang CC, Wu CT, Chen LP, Hung KY, Liu SH, Carvalho FF, Teixeira VP, Almeida WS, Schor N, Small DM, Bennett NC, Coombes J, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Montero N, Prada A, Riera M, Orfila M, Pascual J, Rodriguez E, Barrios C, Kokeny G, Fazekas K, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Hornigold N, Hughes J, Mooney A, Benardeau A, Riboulet W, Vandjour A, Jacobsen B, Apfel C, Conde-Knape K, Grouix B, Felton A, Sarra-Bournet F, Leduc M, Geerts L, Gervais L, Abbott S, Bienvenu JF, Duceppe JS, Zacharie B, Penney C, Laurin P, Gagnon L, Tanaka T, Yamaguchi J, Nangaku M, Niwa T, Bolati D, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Brocca A, Virzi G, de Cal M, Ronco C, Priante G, Musacchio E, Valvason C, Sartori L, Piccoli A, Baggio B, Boor P, Perkuhn M, Weibrecht M, Zok S, Martin IV, Schoth F, Ostendorf T, Kuhl C, Floege J, Karabaeva A, Essaian A, Beresneva O, Parastaeva M, Kayukov I, Smirnov A, Audzeyenka I, Kasztan M, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Jankowski M, Bockmeyer CL, Kokowicz K, Agustian PA, Zell S, Wittig J, Becker JU, Nishizono R, Venkatareddy MP, Chowdhury MA, Wang SQ, Fukuda A, Wickman LT, Yang Y, Wiggins RC, Fazio MR, Donato V, Lucisano S, Cernaro V, Lupica R, Trimboli D, Montalto G, Aloisi C, Mazzeo AT, Buemi M, Gawrys O, Olszynski KH, Kuczeriszka M, Gawarecka K, Swiezewska E, Chmielewski M, Masnyk M, Rafalowska J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Lee WC, Chau YY, Lee LC, Chiu CH, Lee CT, Chen JB, Kim WK, Shin SJ. Experimental models of CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gagnon L, Sarra-Bournet F, Geerts L, Hince K, Lagraoui M, Laurin P, Penney C, Grouix B. Abstract 672: PBI-1402, a first-in-class erythropoiesis regulating agent, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of murine mastocytoma and does not overshoot hemoglobin: Comparison with erythropoietin. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: PBI-1402 reduces the need for transfusion and increases hemoglobin (Hb) level and red blood cell count (RBC) in chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) by a mechanism of action distinct from erythropoietin (EPO).
AIM: The objective was to compare the effect of PBI-1402 and EPO on modulation of tumor growth.
METHODS: The effect of PBI-1402 (200 mg/kg, oral, once a day) or EPO (200 or 2000 U/kg, s.c. injection, twice a week) was studied in a subcutaneous P815 mastocytoma model. P815 cells express both PBI-1402 and EPO receptors. Tumor growth, metastasis, serum nitric oxide (NO) and hematocrit (Ht) were assessed.
RESULTS: P815 tumor growth is rapid and metastasizes to the liver. Inflammation is also associated with P815 tumor growth. PBI-1402 significantly reduced tumor growth (T/C=37%) and invasion as demonstrated by a 33% reduction of mice with liver metastasis. In comparison, EPO had no effect (200 U/kg, equivalent dose used in CKD treatment). However, high dose EPO (2000 U/kg, equivalent dose used in human cancer treatment) exacerbated tumor growth (T/C: 135%). Both doses of EPO induced a significant increase in the percentage of mice with liver metastasis (2X, 200 U/kg, and 3X, 2000 U/kg) compared to control. PBI-1402 treatment had no effect on NO and did not overshoot normal hematocrit. However, treatment with high dose EPO significantly increased NO and Ht levels (Table 1).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that oral treatment with PBI-1402 may inhibit growth and metastasis of cancer cells. As an important safety feature, PBI-1402 does not induce overshoot of hemoglobin. In contrast to EPO, PBI-1402 may offer the advantage of reducing tumor growth and metastasis while preventing anemia induced by chemotherapy. In conclusion, PBI-1402 has the potential to be a safe erythropoiesis-regulating agent useful in treating anemia in cancer patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 672. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-672
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyne Gagnon
- 1ProMetic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Kathy Hince
- 1ProMetic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Grouix B, Geerts L, Hince K, Julien N, Fafard ME, Gervais L, Sarra-Bournet F, Lagraoui M, Penney C, Laurin P, Gagnon L. Abstract 3534: PBI-1402, a first-in-class erythropoiesis regulating agent, possesses differentiation properties and demonstrates synergistic anticancer activity in combination with chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: PBI-1402 reduces the need for transfusion and increases hemoglobin (Hb) level and red blood cell count (RBC) in chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) patients by a mechanism of action which is distinct from erythropoietin (EPO). The PBI-1402 receptor is also expressed on certain cancer cells such as leukemia (K562), lung (LL-2), prostate (PC-3) and pancreas (Panc-02).
Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the role of the PBI-1402 receptor on tumor growth.
Methods: Cell proliferation and differentiation of K562 (human erythroleukemia) was studied in presence of PBI-1402 or EPO using 2,7-diaminofluorene for hemoglobin quantification. The effect of oral administration of PBI-1402 in combination with chemotherapy agents (gemcitabine or cyclophosphamide) was studied in subcutaneous syngeneic Panc02, LL-2 and xenogeneic PC-3 models.
Results: PBI-1402 inhibits proliferation of K562 cells and promotes differentiation of the remaining cells. K562 cells express both EPO and PBI-1402 receptors. EPO increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Stat3 (linked to cell proliferation) while PBI-1402 decreases it in a dose dependent manner. The antitumor efficacy of oral administration of PBI-1402 was studied in combination with gemcitabine in subcutaneous LL2 and Panc02 as well as in orthotopic Panc02 cancers. In subcutaneous Panc02, gemcitabine induced a significant inhibition (p<0.05) of tumor growth from day 27 to 34 with T/C from 55% to 78%. PBI-1402 induced a significant inhibition (p<0.05) of tumor growth from day 23 to 44 with T/C from 26% to 58%. The combination therapy induced a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of tumor growth and T/C<40% from day 23 to 37 when compared to control and at day 23, 25 and 30 to 39 when compared to gemcitabine alone. In orthotopic Panc02, mice treated with gemcitabine or a combination of gemcitabine and PBI-1402 displayed prolonged survival (71 and 88 days, respectively) compared to control (48 days). In LL-2 cancer, at day 25, mice treated with PBI-1402 or gemcitabine alone had a T/C of 94% and 72%, respectively. Mice treated with a combination of gemcitabine plus PBI-1402 displayed a significant (synergistic) reduction of tumor growth (T/C: 33%). The effect of PBI-1402 alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide was also studied in a xenograft prostate PC-3 tumor. Mice treated with PBI-1402 or cyclophosphamide alone have a significant T/C<40% from day 21 to 56 and day 35 to 56, respectively. Mice treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide plus PBI-1402 displayed tumor regression from day 21 to 56.
Conclusion: These results suggest that PBI-1402 has the potential to inhibit the growth of lung, prostate and pancreatic cancer by induction of cell differentiation. PBI-1402-differentiated cancer cells appear to be more susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3534. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3534
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathy Hince
- 1ProMetic BioSciences, Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lyne Gagnon
- 1ProMetic BioSciences, Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Gagnon L, Fairchild A, Pituskin E, Dutka J, Chambers C. Optimizing pain relief in a specialized outpatient palliative radiotherapy clinic: contributions of a clinical pharmacist. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2011; 18:76-83. [PMID: 21490115 DOI: 10.1177/1078155211402104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone metastases are the most common cause of cancer pain, with palliative radiotherapy (RT) the mainstay of treatment. However, relief from RT may be delayed, incomplete, or short-lived and therefore optimized pharmacologic therapy is essential. Our objective was to describe the contribution of the clinical pharmacist (CP) to an outpatient palliative RT clinic. METHODS The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, an 11-point scale for measuring nine symptoms, and other validated screening tools were administered, and a medication history performed by the CP. Baseline CP assessment also included opioid toxicity, need for supportive medications, and drug interactions. Anonymized clinical information was collected prospectively and descriptive statistics were compiled including themes of counselling performed by the CP. RESULTS The CP reviewed 114 patients over 140 clinic visits (01/2007-12/2008). Median age was 68.3 years, 68.4% were male and 36.8% had prostate cancer. All symptoms improved or stabilized in ≥ 80% by 4 weeks. Median pain score was 6/10 (SD 2.6) at baseline, and 2.1/10 (SD 2.4) by week 4. Average morphine equivalent daily dose was 76.8 mg at baseline and 44.5 mg at week 4. CP assessment included screening for opioid toxicity (87.9%), recommending a change in analgesic (28.9%), and liaison with the community pharmacy (17.1%). Medication counselling took place in 84.3% of visits, on bowel routine (85.6% of the time), opioids (82.2%), and hydration (40.7%). CONCLUSIONS The CP plays a key role in holistic patient assessment and optimization of pharmacologic therapy, contributing to improved symptom control of patients receiving palliative RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gagnon
- Rapid Access Palliative Radiotherapy Program, Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services - Cancer Care, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Zacharie B, Abbott SD, Bienvenu JF, Cameron AD, Cloutier J, Duceppe JS, Ezzitouni A, Fortin D, Houde K, Lauzon C, Moreau N, Perron V, Wilb N, Asselin M, Doucet A, Fafard ME, Gaudreau D, Grouix B, Sarra-Bournet F, St-Amant N, Gagnon L, Penney CL. 2,4,6-trisubstituted triazines as protein a mimetics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1138-45. [PMID: 20047277 DOI: 10.1021/jm901403r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A first-in-class series of low molecular weight trisubstituted triazines were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mimic protein A binding to human IgG antibody. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrates that the 1,3-phenylenediamine component was essential for robust activity. Twenty-two compounds, represented by lead molecule 34, displayed significant activity compared to protein A. These compounds may prove useful for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boulos Zacharie
- ProMetic BioSciences Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150, Laval, Québec H7V 5B7, Canada.
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25
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Callahan BL, Macoir J, Hudon C, Bier N, Chouinard N, Cossette-Harvey M, Daigle N, Fradette C, Gagnon L, Potvin O. Normative Data for the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test in the Quebec-French Population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 25:212-7. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Fait P, Swaine B, Cantin JF, Gagnon L, McFadyen B. 159 ALTERATIONS IN LOCOMOTOR PLANNING ABILITY FOLLOWING A MODERATE OR SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(10)70160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Fairchild A, Pituskin E, Rose B, Ghosh S, Dutka J, Driga A, Tachynski P, Borschneck J, Gagnon L, MacDonnell S, Middleton J, Thavone K, Carstairs S, Brent D, Severin D. The rapid access palliative radiotherapy program: blueprint for initiation of a one-stop multidisciplinary bone metastases clinic. Support Care Cancer 2008; 17:163-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-008-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Allam M, Julien N, Zacharie B, Penney C, Gagnon L. Enhancement of Th1 type cytokine production and primary T cell activation by PBI-1393. Clin Immunol 2007; 125:318-27. [PMID: 17827067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In previous reports, we have shown that PBI-1393 (formerly BCH-1393), N,N-Dimethylaminopurine pentoxycarbonyl D-arginine, stimulates cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses both in vitro and in vivo in normal immune status and immunosuppressed mice. Additionally, PBI-1393 was tested for anticancer activity in syngeneic mouse experimental tumor models and it displayed significant inhibition of tumor outgrowths when given in combination with sub-therapeutic doses of cytotoxic drugs (cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cis-platinum). However, the mechanism of action of PBI-1393 was still unknown. Here, we report that PBI-1393 enhances IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in human activated T cells by 51% and 46% respectively. PBI-1393 increases also IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression as shown by RT-PCR. The physiological relevance of IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene modulation by PBI-1393 is illustrated by the advantageous increase of T cell proliferation (39+/-0.3% above control) and human CTL response against prostate (PC-3) cancer cells (42+/-0.03%). The enhancement of human T cell proliferation and CTL activation by PBI-1393 demonstrates that this compound potentiates the immune response and in this regard, it could be used as an alternative approach to IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Allam
- ProMetic BioSciences Inc., 500 Cartier Blvd. West, Suite 150, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 5B7.
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29
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Abstract
The possible use of a calendar algorithm was assessed in DBC, an autistic "savant" of normal measured intelligence. Testing of all the dates in a year revealed a random distribution of errors. Re-testing DBC on the same dates one year later shows that his errors were not stable across time. Finally, DBC was able to answer "reversed" questions that cannot be solved by a classical algorithm. These findings favor a non-algorithmic retrieval of calendar information. It is proposed that multidirectional, non-hierarchical retrieval of information, and solving problems in a non-algorithmic way, are involved in savant performances. The possible role of a functional rededication of low-level perceptual systems to the processing of symbolic information in savants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mottron
- Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, H1E1A4, Montréal, Canada
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30
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31
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Lalonde M, Beaulieu M, Gagnon L. Fast and robust optic disc detection using pyramidal decomposition and Hausdorff-based template matching. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2001; 20:1193-1200. [PMID: 11700746 DOI: 10.1109/42.963823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report about the design and test of an image processing algorithm for the localization of the optic disk (OD) in low-resolution (about 20 micro/pixel) color fundus images. The design relies on the combination of two procedures: 1) a Hausdorff-based template matching technique on edge map, guided by 2) a pyramidal decomposition for large scale object tracking. The two approaches are tested against a database of 40 images of various visual quality and retinal pigmentation, as well as of normal and small pupils. An average error of 7% on OD center positioning is reached with no false detection. In addition, a confidence level is associated to the final detection that indicates the "level of difficulty" the detector has to identify the OD position and shape.
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32
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Dumesnil JG, Turgeon J, Tremblay A, Poirier P, Gilbert M, Gagnon L, St-Pierre S, Garneau C, Lemieux I, Pascot A, Bergeron J, Després JP. Effect of a low-glycaemic index--low-fat--high protein diet on the atherogenic metabolic risk profile of abdominally obese men. Br J Nutr 2001; 86:557-68. [PMID: 11737954 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the current dietary recommendations (low-fat-high-carbohydrate diet) may promote the intake of sugar and highly refined starches which could have adverse effects on the metabolic risk profile. We have investigated the short-term (6-d) nutritional and metabolic effects of an ad libitum low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein diet (prepared according to the Montignac method) compared with the American Heart Association (AHA) phase I diet consumed ad libitum as well as with a pair-fed session consisting of the same daily energy intake as the former but with the same macronutrient composition as the AHA phase I diet. Twelve overweight men (BMI 33.0 (sd 3.5) kg/m2) without other diseases were involved in three experimental conditions with a minimal washout period of 2 weeks separating each intervention. By protocol design, the first two conditions were administered randomly whereas the pair-fed session had to be administered last. During the ad libitum version of the AHA diet, subjects consumed 11695.0 (sd 1163.0) kJ/d and this diet induced a 28 % increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels (1.77 (sd 0.79) v. 2.27 (sd 0.92) mmol/l, P<0.05) and a 10 % reduction in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations (0.92 (sd 0.16) v. 0.83 (sd 0.09) mmol/l, P<0.01) which contributed to a significant increase in cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P<0.05), this lipid index being commonly used to assess the risk of coronary heart disease. In contrast, the low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein diet consumed ad libitum resulted in a spontaneous 25 % decrease (P<0.001) in total energy intake which averaged 8815.0 (sd 738.0) kJ/d. As opposed to the AHA diet, the low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein diet produced a substantial decrease (-35 %) in plasma triacylglycerol levels (2.00 (sd 0.83) v. 1.31 (sd 0.38) mmol/l, P<0.0005), a significant increase (+1.6 %) in LDL peak particle diameter (251 (sd 5) v. 255 (sd 5) A, P<0.02) and marked decreases in plasma insulin levels measured either in the fasting state, over daytime and following a 75 g oral glucose load. During the pair-fed session, in which subjects were exposed to a diet with the same macronutrient composition as the AHA diet but restricted to the same energy intake as during the low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein diet, there was a trend for a decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels which contributed to the significant increase in cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio noted with this condition. Furthermore, a marked increase in hunger (P<0.0002) and a significant decrease in satiety (P<0.007) were also noted with this energy-restricted diet. Finally, favourable changes in the metabolic risk profile noted with the ad libitum consumption of the low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein diet (decreases in triacyglycerols, lack of increase in cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, increase in LDL particle size) were significantly different from the response of these variables to the AHA phase I diet. Thus, a low-glycaemic index-low-fat-high-protein content diet may have unique beneficial effects compared with the conventional AHA diet for the treatment of the atherogenic metabolic risk profile of abdominally obese patients. However, the present study was a short-term intervention and additional trials are clearly needed to document the long-term efficacy of this dietary approach with regard to compliance and effects on the metabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Dumesnil
- Québec Heart Institute, Laval Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada.
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33
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Gagnon L, Vissandjée B. [What does the care offered by their relatives mean to the Inuit elderly?]. Infirm Que 2001; 8:44-7. [PMID: 12150095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gagnon
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) et d'une maîtrise en sciences infirmières de l'Université de Montréal
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34
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Abstract
beta-Glucans are polysaccharides that act as nonspecific immune system stimulants. However, many beta-Glucans are sparingly soluble in water. This work describes an oxidative procedure, which solubilizes the beta-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and maintains its immunostimulatory properties. Furthermore, the carboxylates at the site of oxidation allow for the conjugation of small molecule immunostimulants. Both the parent oxidized beta-glucan and its conjugates with O-beta-alanyl-5-[6-(N,N'-dimethylamino)purin-9-yl]pentanol stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), B cells and macrophages. In addition, they both stimulate natural killer (NK) cells, a property which the small molecule purine does not possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Cross
- National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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35
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of secondary impairments among individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury in Quebec and the potential relationships between these impairments and several variables. DESIGN A review of 2,200 medical files was conducted to determine the target population; 976 patients were selected randomly and mailed questionnaires. The results were based on 482 individuals with spinal cord injury who returned the completed questionnaire. The questionnaire included 14 subsections, such as sociodemographic, medical, psychosocial, and environmental information. The medical section, including the type and level of lesion and the presence of secondary impairments, was analyzed. RESULTS Urinary tract infection, spasticity, and hypotension were the most frequently reported secondary impairments, regardless of the severity of injury. Relationships between the prevalence of secondary impairments and the duration of injury, as well as perceived health status, were observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe secondary impairments after long-standing spinal cord injury in Quebec. Patients with spinal cord injury still present a high prevalence of secondary impairments many years after their rehabilitation, despite preventive education or medical follow-up visits. Further studies are required to determine the specific impact that these impairments have on the patients' social role and their quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Noreau
- Rehabilitation Institute of Quebec City, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Kadhim S, Penney C, Lagraoui M, Heibein J, Attardo G, Zacharie B, Connolly T, Gagnon L. Synergistic anti-tumor activity of a novel immunomodulator, BCH-1393, in combination with cyclophosphamide. Int J Immunopharmacol 2000; 22:659-71. [PMID: 10884587 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N,N-dimethylaminopurine pentoxycarbonyl D-arginine (BCH-1393) is a novel low molecular weight synthetic immunomodulator that has been shown to significantly stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses both in vitro and in vivo (Zacharie B, Gagnon L, Attardo G, Connolly TP, St-Denis Y, Penney CL. Synthesis and activity of 6-substituted purine linker amine immunostimulants. J. Med. Chem. 1997;40:2883-94). Prompted by this evidence, we extended evaluation of BCH-1393 for anticancer activity in syngeneic mouse experimental tumor models. Consistent with previous findings, in vitro assessment of BCH-1393 activity demonstrated a significant increase in the CTL responses in the range of 10(-9)-10(-5) M. Treatment of mice with four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections at 25 and 50 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase of the relative percentage of blood CD4+, CD8+, NK and monocyte subsets without any evidence of toxicity. In vivo anti-tumor activity of BCH-1393 was evaluated, either alone or in combination with subtherapeutic doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy), against weakly immunogenic mouse breast carcinoma DA-3 and strongly immunogenic colon adenocarcinoma MC38. Daily intraperitoneal injection of BCH-1393 at 50 mg/kg alone was well tolerated but produced a relatively weak anti-tumor effect in both tumor models. However, a significant inhibition of tumor outgrowth and suppression of established tumor growth was observed when BCH-1393 was administered in combination with subtherapeutic doses of Cy. Combination treatment of 50 mg/kg BCH-1393 with 100 mg/kg Cy (given as single intravenous bolus injection) starting 2 days prior to DA-3 tumor cell inoculation prevented tumor outgrowth in 70-80% of treated mice. In the remaining 20-30% of mice that had developed tumors, a nearly complete (90%) tumor growth inhibition was observed at days 22-24 post tumor implant. In the MC38 tumor model, combination treatment of established tumors with BCH-1393 and Cy (CTX) at 50 mg/kg resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth compared to CTX treatment alone. The observed concomitant anti-tumor activity of BCH-1393 with cyclophosphamide warrants further investigation of this immunomodulator as an adjunctive treatment of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Arginine/analogs & derivatives
- Arginine/pharmacology
- Arginine/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Purines/pharmacology
- Purines/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kadhim
- BiochemPharma Inc., Que., Laval, Canada
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37
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Abstract
Right-handed university subjects were presented with monaural melodies that either conformed to the rules of the Western tonal system (tonal melodies) or that systematically deviated from it (atonal melodies) while containing similar contours and pitch skips. Subjects were tested under two different task instructions. One group was requested to judge whether each melody sounded correct or not (the nonaffective task); the other group had to judge whether each melody sounded pleasant or not (the affective task). The nonaffective task was found to elicit essentially no ear difference. In contrast, the affective instruction induced opposite and reliable laterality effects, depending on the valence of the response. The pleasant responses were indicative of a left hemisphere predominance and the unpleasant responses of a right hemisphere predominance. The results are consistent with the claim that the left hemisphere is biased toward positive emotions and the right to negative emotions. Moreover, the results suggest that affective appreciation of melodies is dissociable from their nonaffective judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche en Gérontologie et Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, Canada
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38
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Abstract
The tetrapeptide I (D-lysine-L-asparaginyl-L-prolyl-L-tyrosine or D-LysAsnProTyr), and analogue sequences, were synthesized and evaluated for the ability to stimulate immune cell subsets. These sequences were selected based on their perceived ability to readily adopt a beta-turn structure. In vitro immunological assays revealed a robust stimulation of mitogen activated B-cell proliferation and a modest to significant stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Further, this in vitro stimulation of B-cells was accompanied by an in vivo expansion of B-cells in C57BL/6 mice, as demonstrated by immunophenotyping experiments. Interestingly, a conformational analysis of the low energy conformers of I and the endogenous B-cell stimulant bursin (LysHisGlyNH2) shows that these molecules can be superimposed. However, I displayed significantly enhanced physiological stability. For a number of reasons, I may be a particularly useful vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gagnon
- BioChem. Pharma Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Blvd., Laval, Canada
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39
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Langaee TY, Gagnon L, Huletsky A. Inactivation of the ampD gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to moderate-basal-level and hyperinducible AmpC beta-lactamase expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:583-9. [PMID: 10681322 PMCID: PMC89730 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.3.583-589.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown in enterobacteria that mutations in ampD provoke hyperproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase, which confers to these organisms high levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In this study, we investigated whether this genetic locus was implicated in the altered AmpC beta-lactamase expression of selected clinical isolates and laboratory mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sequences of the ampD genes and promoter regions from these strains were determined and compared to that of wild-type ampD from P. aeruginosa PAO1. Although we identified numerous nucleotide substitutions, they resulted in few amino acid changes. The phenotypes produced by these mutations were ascertained by complementation analysis. The data revealed that the ampD genes of the P. aeruginosa mutants transcomplemented Escherichia coli ampD mutants to the same levels of beta-lactam resistance and beta-lactamase expression as wild-type ampD. Furthermore, complementation of the P. aeruginosa mutants with wild-type ampD did not restore the inducibility of beta-lactamase to wild-type levels. This shows that the amino acid substitutions identified in AmpD do not cause the altered phenotype of AmpC beta-lactamase expression in the P. aeruginosa mutants. The effects of AmpD inactivation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 were further investigated by gene replacement. This resulted in moderate-basal-level and hyperinducible expression of beta-lactamase accompanied by high levels of beta-lactam resistance. This differs from the stably derepressed phenotype reported in AmpD-defective enterobacteria and suggests that further change at another unknown genetic locus may be causing total derepressed AmpC production. This genetic locus could also be altered in the P. aeruginosa mutants studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Langaee
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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40
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Zacharie B, Lagraoui M, Dimarco M, Penney CL, Gagnon L. Thioamides: synthesis, stability, and immunological activities of thioanalogues of Imreg. Preparation of new thioacylating agents using fluorobenzimidazolone derivatives. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2046-52. [PMID: 10354413 DOI: 10.1021/jm9900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imreg (Tyr1-Gly2-Gly3) is a well-known immunostimulant. However, it possesses a short half-life. Stabilized analogues of Imreg were prepared by a regioselective insertion in which peptide bonds at position 1,2 or 2,3 were replaced by thioamide linkages. This was achieved by using new thioacylating agents based on thioacyl-fluoro-N-benzimidazolone. The synthesis and properties of these reagents are described herein. This peptide modification enhanced significantly the half-life of the thioanalogues relative to Imreg in blood. The thioanalogues and Imreg were tested in vitro in T and B cell proliferation assays and for their ability to stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Only thiotyrosyl glycyl glycine 11 displayed some activity as evidenced by a weak stimulation of CTLs. On the basis of this activity and the increased stability, an in vivo immunological evaluation was undertaken. Immunophenotyping of 11 revealed a significant increase in activated CTL and NK cell populations in the spleen. This expansion was also accompanied by a significant stimulation of NK cells and the B cell proliferative response. Thioanalogues of Imreg were generally nontoxic, as exemplified by 11. The latter is a promising immunostimulant which may be targeted for cancer and viral infections, where CTLs and NK cells play an important role, or as a vaccine adjuvant where stimulation of antibody-producing B cells is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zacharie
- BioChem Pharma Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Blvd., Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 4A7
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Gravel NR, Searle NR, Taillefer J, Carrier M, Roy M, Gagnon L. Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane anesthesia induction and maintenance vs TIVA in CABG surgery. Can J Anaesth 1999; 46:240-6. [PMID: 10210048 DOI: 10.1007/bf03012603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane when used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia with a total intravenous technique in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Thirty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were randomly allocated to receive either sevoflurane (S group, n = 15) at a minimal concentration of 4% in oxygen for induction and at 0.5-2 MAC end-tidal concentration for maintenance, or a total intravenous technique (T group, n = 15) consisting of midazolam for induction and propofol for maintenance. In both groups, anesthesia was supplemented with sufentanil and muscle relaxation with cis-atracurium. Hemodynamic measurements included systemic and pulmonary pressures, heart rate, mixed venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output at the following times: pre-induction, 7 and 25 min post-induction, chest closure, one hour after surgery and pre and post tracheal extubation. RESULTS More patients in the S group (8/15) presented bradycardia in the induction period (T:2/15) (P = 0.05). During maintenance of anesthesia, treatment of hypertension was more frequent in the T group (12/15) than in the S group (6/15) (P = 0.025). All other parameters were comparable. CONCLUSION Induction of anesthesia in patients with CAD, VCRII with sevoflurane supplemented by sufentanil provided hemodynamic responses comparable with those of TIVA although bradycardia was observed more often with sevoflurane. Intraoperative control of systemic blood pressure was achieved with fewer interventions with a sevoflurane/sufentanil maintenance than with a propofol/sufentanil technique in CABG surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Gravel
- Département d'Anesthésie, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Boulet LP, Milot J, Gagnon L, Poubelle PE, Brown J. Long-term influence of inhaled corticosteroids on bone metabolism and density. Are biological markers predictors of bone loss? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:838-44. [PMID: 10051260 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9802096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term effects of high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on bone density and metabolism are still uncertain. Fifty-one patients (37 male, 14 female) using beclomethasone or budesonide at a daily dose > 800 microgram/d (high-dose group [Group HD] mean: 983 microgram/d [prescribed dose x estimated compliance]) or no or < 500 microgram/d (control group [Group C] mean: 309 microgram/d) for more than 5 yr were enrolled in this study. Each had, 3 yr ago and at this last evaluation, a clinical evaluation and measurements of expiratory flows and of bone density and bone metabolism markers. Lumbar spine bone density (last visit) was similar in the two groups with respective values of 0.94 +/- 0.03 (HD) and 0.96 +/- 0.03 g/cm2 (C) (p > 0.05). T and Z scores were -1.21 +/- 0.19 and -0.70 +/- 0.18 (HD), -0.95 +/- 0.25 and -0.47 +/- 0.21 (C) respectively (p > 0.05). A correlation was found between the decrease in bone density and the mean daily dose of corticosteroid in Group HD although these changes were quite small, mean bone density being unchanged over the 3-yr period. Serum and urinary parameters were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, neither initial bone density nor any of the biological parameters could predict changes in bone density over a period of 3 yr. In conclusion, bone density was similar in both study groups and not significantly different over a 3-yr period. Neither initial bone density nor biological markers of bone metabolism helped to predict changes in bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Boulet
- Unité de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Laval, and Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Canada
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Searle NR, Thomson I, Dupont C, Cannon JE, Roy M, Rosenbloom M, Gagnon L, Carrier M. A two-center study evaluating the hemodynamic and pharmacodynamic effects of cisatracurium and vecuronium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:20-5. [PMID: 10069278 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-0770(99)90167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hemodynamic and pharmacodynamic effects of rapid bolus administration of cisatracurium compared with vecuronium. DESIGN A randomized, prospective, double-blind study. SETTING Tertiary-care university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-nine adult patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD). INTERVENTION Elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were randomly divided into four groups. Patients received a rapid bolus of two or four times the 95% peak depression of twitch (ED95) of either cisatracurium (groups 1 and 2) or vecuronium (groups 3 and 4). Three minutes after a midazolam induction, all patients received a rapid bolus administration of either study drug. Maintenance of anesthesia was with a standardized propofol-sufentanil-oxygen anesthetic. Patients were monitored with radial and pulmonary artery catheters and electromyography. End points of the study were hemodynamic stability at induction, after bolus administration of study drugs, and after intubation; the quality of intubating conditions; drug interventions to correct hemodynamic instability; the onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular function; and drug cost. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) decreased in a similar proportion in all four groups after induction while, following study drug administration, MAP and HR did not change significantly. Both cisatracurium groups required more boluses to maintain neuromuscular block, but spontaneous recovery rates were faster. Both agents, but cisatracurium to a lesser degree, showed increased duration with repeated maintenance doses. Both agents afforded good to excellent intubating conditions, but the cost of cisatracurium was significantly less. CONCLUSION The authors conclude there is no evidence of a hemodynamic difference between the two neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs). There are some clinical and cost advantages in favor of cisatracurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Searle
- Department of Anesthesia, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada
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Gagnon L, Winternitz P. Lie symmetries of a generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation: I. The symmetry group and its subgroups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/21/7/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
This study grew out of the observation of a remarkable sparing of emotional responses to music in the context of severe deficits in music processing after brain damage in a non-musician. Six experiments were designed to explore the perceptual basis of emotional judgments in music. In each experiment, the same set of 32 excerpts taken from the classical repertoire and intended to convey a happy or sad tone were presented under various transformations and with different task demands. In Expts. 1 to 3, subjects were required to judge on a 10-point scale whether the excerpts were happy or sad. Altogether the results show that emotional judgments are (a) highly consistent across subjects and resistant to brain damage; (b) determined by musical structure (mode and tempo); and (c) immediate. Experiments 4 to 6 were designed to asses whether emotional and non-emotional judgments reflect the operations of a single perceptual analysis system. To this aim, we searched for evidence of dissociation in our brain-damaged patient, I.R., by using tasks that do not require emotional interpretation. These non-emotional tasks were a 'same-different' classification task (Expt. 4), error detection tasks (Expt. 5A,B) and a change monitoring task (Expt. 6). I.R. was impaired in these non-emotional tasks except when the change affected the mode and the tempo of the excerpt, in which case I.R. performed close to normal. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility that emotional and non-emotional judgments are the products of distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Peretz
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Abbott SD, Gagnon L, Lagraoui M, Kadhim S, Attardo G, Zacharie B, Penney CL. Synthesis and activity of dipeptides, linked to targeting ligands, as specific NK cell enhancers. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1909-26. [PMID: 9599240 DOI: 10.1021/jm970734v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Water soluble analogues of the lipophilic immunostimulant, octadecyl D-alanyl-L-glutamine, BCH-527, were synthesized and evaluated for the ability to stimulate natural killer (NK) cells. One of these compounds in which the octadecyl chain of BCH-527 was replaced with a shorter chain alcohol, 6-(D-alanyl-L-glutaminylamino)hexan-1-ol, 9, displayed an in vitro stimulation of NK cells comparable to that of interleukin 2 (IL 2). However, when the hydroxyl of 9 was linked to L-fucose to yield 1-beta-[6-(D-alanyl-L-glutaminylamino)hex-1-yl]-L- fucopyranose (BCH-2537, 1), the observed stimulation of NK cells was greater than that observed with IL 2. Further evaluation of these compounds revealed that the improved in vitro activity of BCH-2537 was more pronounced in vivo. That is, while both compounds significantly increased splenic NK cells, only BCH-2537 significantly increased the activity of these cells in vivo. In terms of a structure-activity relationship, NK cell activity was sensitive to minor structural modifications. It was influenced by conservative substitutions within the dipeptide, the length of the hydrocarbon chain, and the functionality at the end of the chain. No other compound enhanced NK cell activity to the extent exhibited by BCH-2537, although a few were equipotent to 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Abbott
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BioChem Thérapeutique Inc., 275 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, H7V 4A7, Canada
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Neveu J, Gagnon L. [The system of continuity of perinatal care. A reorganization centered on prevention]. Infirm Que 1998; 5:53. [PMID: 9708174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Neveu
- Centre Mère-Enfant du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Baie-Comeau
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Hardy JF, Bélisle S, Dupont C, Harel F, Robitaille D, Roy M, Gagnon L. Prophylactic tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid for primary myocardial revascularization. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:371-6. [PMID: 9485231 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(97)01016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of prophylactic epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid to reduce transfusions after primary myocardial revascularization was evaluated in a teaching hospital context. METHODS Patients (n = 134) received either epsilon-aminocaproic acid (15-g bolus + infusion of 1 g/h), high-dose tranexamic acid (10-g bolus + placebo infusion), or normal saline solution in a double-blind fashion. Anticoagulation and conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass were standardized. RESULTS Tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid produced a significant reduction in postoperative blood loss compared with placebo (median loss, 438 mL, 538 mL, and 700 mL, respectively). Transfusion of red cells was similar in all three groups. Nonetheless, the percentage of patients receiving hemostatic blood products was significantly decreased in the epsilon-aminocaproic acid group compared with the placebo group (20% versus 43%; p = 0.03). Both tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid significantly decreased total exposure to allogeneic blood products compared with placebo (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively), and this reduction was clinically important (median exposure, 2, 2, and 7.5 units, respectively). Fibrinolysis was inhibited significantly in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that either high-dose tranexamic acid or epsilon-aminocaproic acid effectively reduces transfusions in patients undergoing primary, elective myocardial revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hardy
- Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gagnon L, Boulet LP, Brown J, Desrosiers T. Influence of inhaled corticosteroids and dietary intake on bone density and metabolism in patients with moderate to severe asthma. J Am Diet Assoc 1997; 97:1401-6. [PMID: 9404337 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compare the effect of high doses of inhaled corticosteroids on bone loss in subjects with moderate to severe asthma or mild asthma, and examine the influence of dietary intake on bone metabolism. DESIGN A survey on the effects of corticotherapy and nutrition on bone density was conducted in 74 subjects currently being treated for asthma in the asthma clinic of Hôpital Laval (Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada). Fifty-eight subjects completed the study (attrition rate = 15%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In all subjects expiratory volumes were determined and urinary analysis was conducted for hydroxyproline, calcium, phosphorus, and cortisol levels. Osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were measured in blood samples. Bone density of the lumbar spine was determined by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nutrition evaluation was based on a 3-day food diary analyzed using progiciel Nutri 91. The nutritional parameters examined were calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; zinc; vitamins A, C, and D; protein; total fiber; oxalates; energy; caffeine; and alcohol in relation to bone density. SUBJECTS Thirty-one patients with moderate to severe asthma who had been taking more than 1,000 micrograms beclomethasone per day or the equivalent for more than 2 years and 27 patients with mild asthma who were taking less than 500 micrograms beclomethasone per day or the equivalent. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Four-factor analysis of variance with hierarchized interactions of four levels, Duncan's test, Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Blood levels of osteocalcin and protein intake were lower in patients with moderate to severe asthma than in those with mild asthma (P < .05). Significant correlations (P < .02) were observed between bone density and calcium intake (r = .40), phosphorus intake (r = .35), protein intake (r = .30), and serum alkaline phosphatase level (r = -.30). Bone density was not significantly different between the two groups of patients with asthma. APPLICATIONS A follow-up of patients with asthma who are taking inhaled corticosteroids is needed to assess bone density, osteocalcin levels, and dietary intakes of calcium. Verify if osteocalcin level decreases over time in patients with moderate to severe asthma, monitor possible modifications in bone density, and verify if the correlation between dietary calcium and bone density is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gagnon
- Centre de recherche en pneumologie, l'Hôpital Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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