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Sharma N, Vasisht K, Kaur J, Sandhu SK, Dey K, Hameed BA, Bajaj R, Kaur IP, Karan M. Blending Ethnomedicine with Modern Technology-From Conventional to Tailored Products: Modulating Biopharmaceutical Properties of Berberis Extract by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Wound Healing. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:418. [PMID: 37623663 PMCID: PMC10455672 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems employing phytopharmaceuticals based on the leads in traditional knowledge offers not only an alternative but quicker and more economic strategy for drug development. Nanophytopharmaceuticals promise remarkable opportunities with the ability to overcome challenges associated with herbal medicines, such as low solubility and bioavailability, poor target specificity, and shelf life. Berberis extracts documented as Ropana (wound healer) in Sushruta Samhita are a popular traditional remedy that is amiss in the modern system of medicine as it exhibits very poor biopharmaceutical properties. Poor solubility and bioavailability necessitate the administration of high doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. Exploiting the diversified type of compounds with pleiotropic properties present in Berberis, the biopharmaceutical properties were engineered using an optimized freeze-dried extract and developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as an effective drug-delivery system. An industrially viable and environment-friendly hot high-pressure homogenization technique led to a stable formulation with an average particle size of 178.4 nm, as well as a 7-fold increase in loading and a significant entrapment of 91 ± 1.25%. The pharmacodynamic studies of developed nanosystems in excision-wound models showed faster and complete healing of wounds with no scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Simarjot Kaur Sandhu
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kaustav Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bakr Ahmed Hameed
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rakesh Bajaj
- Nanz Med Science Pharma (P) Ltd., Paonta Sahib 173025, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Malik J, Kaur S, Karan M, Choudhary S. Neuroprotective effect of standardized extracts of three Lactuca sativa Linn. varieties against 3-NP induced Huntington's disease like symptoms in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:1173-1187. [PMID: 33164715 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1841500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commonly consumed Lactuca sativa (LS) Linn. varieties viz., Grand rapid, Lollo rosso and Iceberg (Asteraceae) against 3-NP induced HD like symptoms in rats. METHODS Ethanol extracts of leaves of three LS varieties were prepared, and standardized on the basis of quercetin content using HPLC. These extracts (100 and 200 mg kg, p.o. for 20 days) were evaluated for their neuroprotective effect against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The extract that exhibited maximum activity was successively fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous in increasing order of polarity. These fractions were also evaluated (dose equivalent to the dose of the extract of LS variety exhibiting maximum activity) for their neuroprotective effect. The protective effect of extracts and fractions was evaluated using different behavioral (rota rod, actophotometer, beam walk and Morris water maze) and biochemical (malondialdehyde, nitrite, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) parameters. RESULTS 3-NP elicit marked deterioration in motor coordination, locomotor activity and memory in comparison to control group. Standardized ethanol extract of grand rapid (200 mg/kg) exhibited maximum activity amongst the three tested varieties. Therefore, its fractions were also evaluated, and n-butanol fraction (40 mg/kg) exhibited maximum attenuation of 3-NP induced HD like symptoms which was evident from improved behavioral and biochemical parameters. DISCUSSION The results exhibit that LS (Grand rapid variety) prophylaxis mitigated 3-NP induced neurotoxicity and HD like symptoms in rats due to its potent antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunayna Choudhary
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Jindal A, Prashar M, Dureja J, Dhingra N, Chadha K, Karan M, Chadha R. Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Famotidine: Structural and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2788-2798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jindal A, Singh R, Tomar S, Dureja J, Karan M, Chadha R. Engineering a Remedy to Modulate and Optimize Biopharmaceutical Properties of Rebamipide by Synthesizing New Cocrystal: In Silico and Experimental Studies. Pharm Res 2021; 38:2129-2145. [PMID: 34904202 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rebamipide (REB) a potent anti-ulcer agent, has not been exploited to its full potential, owing to it extremely poor solubility, leading to highly diminutive bioavailability (<10%). The purpose is to carry out its solid-state modification. METHOD Cocrystallisation was done with three GRAS coformers namely citric acid (CA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and oxalic acid (OXA) employing the liquid-assisted grinding method. Cocrystal formation was based upon amide-carboxyl and amide-hydroxyl supramolecular synthons. Characterization of novel cocrystals i.e. RCA, RDHBA and ROXA was carried out by DSC, PXRD and additionally by FT-IR spectroscopy. Chemical structures have been determined utilizing the PXRD pattern by Material Studio®. Furthermore, cocrystals were subjected to solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) evaluation. Also, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies were performed and compared with pure rebamipide. RESULT The appearances of a single sharp melting endotherm in DSC, along with novel characteristic peaks in PXRD infer the existence of a new crystalline form. Shifting in characteristic vibrations in FT-IR spectroscopy supports the establishment of distinct hydrogen-bonded networks. Structural determination revealed that RCA crystallizes in 'Bb2b' space groups whereas RDHBA in 'P1' and ROXA crystallize out in the 'P-1' space group. All the cocrystals exhibited superior apparent solubility and almost 7-13 folds increase in IDR. Furthermore, 1.6-2.5 folds enhancement in relative bioavailability and remarkable amplification in anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant potential of these cocrystals were observed. CONCLUSION The study ascertains the advantages of cocrystallization, with RCA showing greatest potential and suggests a viable alternative approach for improved formulation of rebamipide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Jindal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rishav Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sakshi Tomar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Janhvi Dureja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies (CAS), Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Bhalla Y, Chadha K, Chadha R, Karan M. Daidzein cocrystals: An opportunity to improve its biopharmaceutical parameters. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02669. [PMID: 31763466 PMCID: PMC6861730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study involves the contribution of cocrystallization towards the modification of the biopharmaceutical parameters of poorly watersoluble plant-originated isoflavone, daidzein (DAID). The cocrystals were prepared with GRAS status coformers i.e., isonicotinamide, theobromine and cytosine using mechanochemical grinding and characterized by various analytical techniques (DSC, FT-IR, PXRD and solid-state NMR). Crystal structures were obtained from PXRD data using BIOVIA Materials Studio software and compared in terms of supramolecular motifs. An additional qualitative and quantitative insight into interactions between both components of the cocrystal illustrated the presence of OH⋯N and OH⋯O=C heterosynthons and revealed a stabilizing role of hydrogen bonding. The cocrystals were further evaluated for their solubility, intrinsic dissolution and in vivo profile. Solubility and dissolution studies of pure daidzein and its cocrystals, namely daidzein-isonicotinamide (DIS), daidzein-cytosine (DCYT) and daidzein-theobromine (DTB) exhibited an almost 2-fold improvement. Evaluation of maximum concentration (Cmax) of cocrystals reveals that the DIS cocrystal shows the highest Cmax of 1848.7 ng/ml followed by DCYT cocrystal (1614.9 ng/ml) and DTB cocrystal (1326.0 ng/ml) in comparison to DAID which has a Cmax 870.5 ng/ml. Each of these cocrystals showed significant enhancement in in vivo and in vitro activities in comparison to daidzein. Thus, this report suggests cocrystallization as a viable approach to resolve the solubility and bioavailability issues that circumvent the use of a therapeutically potential isoflavone, daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Malik J, Karan M, Dogra R. Ameliorating effect of Celastrus paniculatus standardized extract and its fractions on 3-nitropropionic acid induced neuronal damage in rats: possible antioxidant mechanism. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:980-990. [PMID: 28164735 PMCID: PMC6130694 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Celastrus paniculatus Wild. (Celasteraceae) (CP) is a well-known Ayurvedic 'Medhya Rasayana' (nervine tonic), used extensively as a neuro-protective and memory enhancer, and in different central nervous system disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of CP against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced Huntington's disease (HD) like symptoms in Wistar male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of CP seeds (CPEE), prepared by maceration, was standardized on the basis of linoleic acid content (6.42%) using thin layer chromatography densitometric analysis. Protective effect of CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and its various fractions, viz., petroleum ether (40 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (2.5 mg/kg), n-butanol (7 mg/kg) and aqueous (18 mg/kg), administered orally for 20 days, against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) was assessed by their effect on body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, gait pattern and cognitive dysfunction and biochemical parameters for oxidative damage in the striatum and cortex regions of the brain. RESULTS CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) treated animals exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in behavioural and oxidative stress parameters in comparison to only 3-NP treated animals. Amongst various tested fractions of CPEE, aqueous fraction (AF) at 18 mg/kg exhibited maximum reversal of 3-NP induced behavioural and biochemical alterations, and was therefore also tested at 9 and 36 mg/kg. CPEE (100 mg/kg) and AF (36 mg/kg) exhibited maximum and significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of 3-NP induced alterations in comparison to 3-NP treated rats. CONCLUSIONS CPEE has a protective action against 3-NP induced HD like symptoms due to its strong antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rachna Dogra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Bahat G, Ilhan B, Bay I, Avci S, Tufan F, Kilic C, Karan M. COMPARING THE EXPLICIT TOOLS VS. IMPLICIT EVALUATION AMONG TURKISH GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Bahat
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - B. Ilhan
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - I. Bay
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - S. Avci
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. Tufan
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - C. Kilic
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - M. Karan
- Istanbul University Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Chadha K, Karan M, Chadha R, Bhalla Y, Vasisht K. Is Failure of Cocrystallization Actually a Failure? Eutectic Formation in Cocrystal Screening of Hesperetin. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2026-2036. [PMID: 28456725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystal screening of hesperetin with certain countermolecules generated highly soluble noncovalent derivatives in the form of eutectics, instead of expected cocrystals. As adhesive forces established by complimentary functional groups on hesperetin and coformers were unable to overcome the stress due to size shape mismatch of component molecules, thus, eutectics were formed. Hesperetin, a polyphenolic antioxidant with potent anticancer and cardioprotective effects, has an underdeveloped role in modern therapeutics on account of its critically low aqueous solubility resulting in stunted bioavailability. The liquid-assisted cogrinding of hesperetin and coformers generated binary-phase eutectics in fixed stoichiometry with theophylline (1:1.5), adenine (2:1), gallic acid (1.5:1), and theobromine (2:1). Primarily characterized by lower melting endotherm in differential scanning calorimetry, the eutectics showed complete melting in hot-stage microscopy. Apart from characteristic V-shaped binary-phase diagram, no discernible changes in the FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction spectra further confirm eutectic formation. The morphological differences were analyzed by SEM measurements. A 2 to 4 times enhanced dissolution profile of the eutectics measured in pH 7.4 aqueous buffer was coupled with the in vitro (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl free radical antioxidant assay and RBC antihemolytic assay) studies to present a complete preliminary data on the improved bioavailability of hesperetin eutectics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Abstract
Soy, a major component of the diet for centuries contains the largest concentration of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens. A variety of health benefits are associated with the consumption of soy primarily because of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein with a potential protective effect against a number of chronic diseases. Owing to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties allied with isoflavonoids and their use in functional foods, there is a growing interest in these compounds. This review throws light on the chemistry, and significant pharmacological and biopharmaceutical aspects of soy isoflavones. This article critically describes the mechanisms of action, infers conclusions and shows opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Jain
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Chadha R, Bhalla Y, Jain A, Chadha K, Karan M. Dietary Soy Isoflavone: A Mechanistic Insight. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:627-634. [PMID: 30520611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy, a major component of the diet for centuries contains the largest concentration of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens. A variety of health benefits are associated with the consumption of soy primarily because of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein with a potential protective effect against a number of chronic diseases. Owing to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties allied with isoflavonoids and their use in functional foods, there is a growing interest in these compounds. This review throws light on the chemistry, and significant pharmacological and biopharmaceutical aspects of soy isoflavones. This article critically describes the mechanisms of action, infers conclusions and shows opportunity for future research.
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Jena AK, Vasisht K, Sharma N, Kaur R, Dhingra MS, Karan M. Amelioration of testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by Prunus species. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 190:33-45. [PMID: 27235020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder of men. The ethnomedicinal use of an African plant Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Pygeum) in treating men's problems made it a popular remedy all over the globe for the treatment of BPH and related disorders. However, rampant collections made from the wild in Africa have pushed the plant to Appendix II of CITES demanding conservation of the species. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the aim was to unearth the protective effect of bark of different species of Prunus against BPH. The five selected Indian plants of family Rosaceae viz. Prunus amygdalus Stokes, Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prunus domestica L. and Prunus persica (L.) Batsch were evaluated against P. africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman for a suitable comparison of efficacy as antiBPH agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiBPH activity was evaluated in testosterone (2mg/kg/day, s.c, 21 days) induced BPH in Wistar rats. The parameters studied were body weights; histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry (PCNA) and biochemical estimations of the prostate; supported by prostatic index, testicular index, creatinine, testosterone levels; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluation. The study also included chemical profiling using three markers (β-sitosterol, docosyl ferulate and ursolic acid) and estimation of β-sitosterol content through GC. RESULTS The Prunus species showed the presence of all the three markers in their TLC fingerprint profile and maximum amount of β-sitosterol by GC was observed in P. domestica. Interestingly, all the species exhibited significant amelioration in testosterone induced parameters with P. domestica showing the most encouraging effect as indicated from histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies. The Prunus species further showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity signifying their role in interfering with various possible factors involved in BPH. CONCLUSIONS These findings are suggestive of a meaningful inhibitory effect of testosterone induced BPH by the bark of different species of Prunus in the order of P. domestica, P. persica, P. amygdalus, P. cerasoides and P. armeniaca with an efficacy of P. domestica comparable to P. africana and can be used as the potential backup of Pygeum for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Jena
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neetika Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ramdeep Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Vasisht K, Sharma N, Karan M. Current Perspective in the International Trade of Medicinal Plants Material: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:4288-336. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160607070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gençer Tarakçı B, Girgin A, Timurkaan S, Yalçın MH, Gür FM, Karan M. Immunohistochemical localization of irisin in skin, eye, and thyroid and pineal glands of the crested porcupine(Hystrix cristata). Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:423-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1183820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Vasisht K, Chadha K, Karan M, Bhalla Y, Jena AK, Chadha R. Enhancing biopharmaceutical parameters of bioflavonoid quercetin by cocrystallization. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study highlights the improved biopharmaceutical properties of quercetin with therapeutically active coformers: picolinic acid and nicotinamide, using cocrystallization, well supported by antioxidant, antihaemolytic and pharmacokinetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Jena
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014, India
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Sachdeva M, Chadha R, Kumar A, Karan M, Singh T, Dhingra S. Hepatoprotective effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53:803-809. [PMID: 26742325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid and its derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for treating various oxidative stress mediated disorders. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of newly synthesized conjugated trimethylgallic acid (TMGA) esters against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pre-treated with TMGA esters at their respective doses for 7 days against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The histopathological changes were evaluated to find out degenerative fatty changes including vacuole formation, inflammation and tissue necrosis. Various biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities), liver enzymes (AST and ALT), triacylglycerol and cholesterol were evaluated. Pre-treatment with TMGA esters (MRG, MGG, MSG, and MUG at the dose of 28.71, 30.03, 31.35, 33.62 mg/kg/day), respectively reversed the CCl4-induced liver injury scores (reduced vacuole formation, inflammation and necrosis), biochemical parameters of plasma (increased AST, ALT, TG, and cholesterol), antioxidant enzymes (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) in liver tissues and inflammatory surge (serum TNF-α) significantly. The study revealed that TMGA esters exerted hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-induced rats, specifically by modulating oxidative-nitrosative stress and inflammation.
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Golubović J, Cigić T, Papić V, Đilvesi Đ, Krajčinović N, Horvat I, Karan M, Jelača B, Azaševac A, Fimić M, Meljnikov I, Loc M, Vuleković P. Our Experiences in Center-TBI Study. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Đilvesi Đ, Vuleković P, Cigić T, Papić V, Krajčinović N, Horvat I, Karan M, Jelača B, Azaševac A, Golubović J. Modified Glasgow Coma Scale Score as an Early Indicator of Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karan V, Horvat I, Karan M, Papić V, Đilvesi Đ, Vuleković P. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring: Our Experience. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Azasevac A, Cigić T, Papić V, Đilvesi Đ, Krajčinović N, Horvat I, Karan M, Jelača B, Golubović J, Fimić M, Meljnikov I, Vuleković P. Results of Surgically Treated Acute Subdural Hematoma Caused by Head Injury. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois. (Convolvulaceae) has been used in Ayurveda as Medhya Rasyana (nervine tonic) to treat various mental disorders. This study was designed to isolate the bioactive compound(s) of this plant and to evaluate their effect against scopolamine-induced amnesia. Column chromatography of the chloroform and ethyl-acetate fractions led to the isolation of three coumarins identified as scopoletin, ayapanin and scopolin. All the three compounds at 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, p.o. were evaluated for memory-enhancing activity against scopolamine-induced amnesia using elevated plus maze and step down paradigms. Effect on acetylcholinesterase activity in mice brain was also evaluated. Scopoletin and scopolin, in both the paradigms, significantly and dose dependently attenuated the scopolamine-induced amnesic effect. Furthermore, these compounds at 10 and 15 mg/kg exhibited activity comparable to that of standard drug, donepezil. The compounds also exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Maninder Karan
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
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Dhingra MS, Dhingra S, Kumria R, Chadha R, Singh T, Kumar A, Karan M. Effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:606-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dhingra MS, Dhingra S, Chadha R, Singh T, Karan M. Design, synthesis, physicochemical, and pharmacological evaluation of gallic acid esters as non-ulcerogenic and gastroprotective anti-inflammatory agents. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dhingra MS, Deb PK, Chadha R, Singh T, Karan M. Synthesis, evaluation, and molecular docking studies of cycloalkyl/aryl-3,4,5-trimethylgallates as potent non-ulcerogenic and gastroprotective anti-inflammatory agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Timurkaan S, Karan M, Aydın A, Gür F. Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin in the superior colliculus of porcupine (Hystrix cristata). QScience Connect 2013. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
CONTEXT Shankhpushpi, a well-known drug in Ayurveda, is extensively used for different central nervous system (CNS) effects especially memory enhancement. Different plants are used under the name shankhpushpi in different regions of India, leading to an uncertainty regarding its true source. Plants commonly used under the name shankhpushpi are: Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois., Evolvulus alsinoides Linn., both from Convolvulaceae, and Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Leguminosae). OBJECTIVE To find out the true source of shankhpushpi by evaluating and comparing memory-enhancing activity of the three above mentioned plants. Anxiolytic, antidepressant and CNS-depressant activities of these three plants were also compared and evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nootropic activity of the aqueous methanol extract of each plant was tested using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and step-down models. Anxiolytic, antidepressant and CNS-depressant studies were evaluated using EPM, Porsolt?s swim despair and actophotometer models, respectively. RESULTS C. pluricaulis extract (CPE) at a dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. showed maximum nootropic and anxiolytic activity (p < 0.001). E. alsinoides extract (EAE) and C. ternatea extract (CTE) showed maximum memory-enhancing and anxiolytic activity (p < 0.001) at 200 and 100?mg/kg, respectively. Amongst the three plants, EAE and CTE showed significant (p < 0.05), while CPE did not exhibit any antidepressant activity. All the three plants showed CNS-depressant action at higher dose levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The above results showed all the three plants possess nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant activity. The results of memory-enhancing activity suggest C. pluricaulis to be used as true source of shankhpushpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- Department of Herbal Drug Research, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Karan M, Evans DS, Reilly D, Schulte K, Wright C, Innes D, Holton TA, Nikles DG, Dickinson GR. Rapid microsatellite marker development for African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis, Meliaceae) using next-generation sequencing and assessment of its intra-specific genetic diversity. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 12:344-53. [PMID: 22018142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Khaya senegalensis (African mahogany or dry-zone mahogany) is a high-value hardwood timber species with great potential for forest plantations in northern Australia. The species is distributed across the sub-Saharan belt from Senegal to Sudan and Uganda. Because of heavy exploitation and constraints on natural regeneration and sustainable planting, it is now classified as a vulnerable species. Here, we describe the development of microsatellite markers for K. senegalensis using next-generation sequencing to assess its intra-specific diversity across its natural range, which is a key for successful breeding programs and effective conservation management of the species. Next-generation sequencing yielded 93,943 sequences with an average read length of 234 bp. The assembled sequences contained 1030 simple sequence repeats, with primers designed for 522 microsatellite loci. Twenty-one microsatellite loci were tested with 11 showing reliable amplification and polymorphism in K. senegalensis. The 11 novel microsatellites, together with one previously published, were used to assess 73 accessions belonging to the Australian K. senegalensis domestication program, sampled from across the natural range of the species. STRUCTURE analysis shows two major clusters, one comprising mainly accessions from west Africa (Senegal to Benin) and the second based in the far eastern limits of the range in Sudan and Uganda. Higher levels of genetic diversity were found in material from western Africa. This suggests that new seed collections from this region may yield more diverse genotypes than those originating from Sudan and Uganda in eastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Mareeba, Qld 4880, Australia
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Kottwitz L, Back A, Leão J, Alcocer I, Karan M, Oliveira T. Contaminação por Salmonella spp. em uma cadeia de produção de ovos de uma integração de postura comercial. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352008000200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Back
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário Brasil Sul Ltda
| | - J.A. Leão
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário Brasil Sul Ltda
| | | | - M. Karan
- Secretaria da Agricultura e do Abastecimento
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Golledge J, Karan M, Moran CS, Muller J, Clancy P, Dear AE, Norman PE. Reduced expansion rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with diabetes may be related to aberrant monocyte-matrix interactions. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:665-72. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ozdemir D, Ozudogru Z, Yilmaz S, Atalar O, Karan M, Dinc G. Morphology of Lungs of the Porcupine(Hystrix cristata). Journal of Applied Animal Research 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2006.9706594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Vijayakannan R, Karan M, Dutt S, Jain V, Vasisht K. A Rapid Densitometric TLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Costunolide and Dehydrocostus Lactone in Saussurea Costus. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the specific anatomical features of the neurocranium of the skull of the dog, cat, badger, marten and otter. Twenty-five animals (five from each species) were used without sexual distinction. The neurocranium consists of os occipitale, os sphenoidale, os pterygoideum, os ethmoidale, vomer, os temporale, os parietale and os frontale. The processus paracondylaris is projected ventrally in the cat, dog, marten and badger, and caudally in the otter. Two foramina were found laterally on each side of the protuberantia occipitalis externa in the otter, and one foramen was found near the protuberantia occipitalis externa in the badger. Foramen was not seen in other species. Paired ossa parietalia joined each other at the midline, forming the sutura sagittalis in the badger, dog, otter and cat while it was separated by the linea temporalis in the marten. The os frontale was small in otters, narrow and long in martens, and quite wide in cats and dogs. The bulla tympanica was rounded in the marten, dog, cat and badger, dorsoventral compressed in otter, and it was very large in all species examined. These observations represented interspecies differences in the neurocranium of marten, otter, badger, cat and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey.
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Reen RK, Karan M, Singh K, Karan V, Johri RK, Singh J. Screening of various Swertia species extracts in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride- and paracetamol-induced toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 75:239-247. [PMID: 11297858 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Swertia chirata Buch-Ham. (Gentianaceae), one of the oldest medicinal herbs of India, is a source of the Indian ayurvedic drug 'chirata' used for the treatment of liver disorders and malarial fevers. In this study, eight species of Swertia were collected. Each of the dry whole plant was extracted into methanol, the aqueous extract of which was sequentially extracted into hexane, chloroform and butanol extracts. The extracts were screened for their anti-hepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol (acetaminophen (AAP)) toxicity in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. The primary cultures, 2.5 x 10(6) cells /3 ml medium/60 mm collagen-coated plates, were exposed to 2.5 mM CCl4 or 12 mM AAP in the presence or absence of plant extracts (100 microg/ml culture medium). Cells and medium were harvested after 22 h of treatment for the assay of cellular reduced gluthathione (GSH) content and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase as biological end-points of toxicity. Both CCl4 and AAP at the indicated concentrations reduced GSH by almost 50 and 80%, respectively, while the enzyme leakage was almost 15% above the untreated control. Hexane and methanol extracts of most of the species in general offered relatively good protection. The anti-hepatotoxic activity, nevertheless, was evident in all Swertia species against both the toxicants. However, Swertia purpurascens, Swertia chirata, Swertia paniculata and Swertia cordata exhibited better activity compared with other species investigated. In addition, influence of various extracts (10-100 microg/ml medium) was examined on cellular growth of rat Reuber hepatoma cell line H4IIEC3/G-. Except for the butanol extract of S. chirata, no other extracts exerted toxicity in terms of neutral red uptake by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Reen
- Division of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Canal Road, 180001, Jammu-Tawi, India
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Abstract
Banana bunchy top nanovirus (BBTV) has a multicomponent circular single-stranded DNA (cssDNA) genome consisting of at least six components. We have cloned, sequenced and analysed two additional cssDNA components, designated BBTV-S1 and S2, associated with a Taiwanese BBTV isolate. The sequences of BBTV-S1 and S2 comprised 1109 and 1095 nucleotides (nt), respectively, and like BBTV DNA-1, potentially encoded replication initiation proteins (Reps). However, the genome organisation of BBTV-S1 and S2 differed from that of BBTV DNA-1 in that (i) the stem sequence of the CR-SL was not conserved, (ii) the internal gene was absent and (iii) the probable TATA boxes were located 5' of the stem-loop. Further, sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the Rep genes indicated that BBTV DNA-S1 and S2 were distinct from BBTV DNA-1. When different geographical isolates of BBTV were tested for the presence of BBTV-S1/S2, these components were detected in various isolates from Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Tonga and Samoa but were not detected in isolates from Australia, Egypt, Fiji, and India. Based on these results, BBTV-S1 and S2 do not appear to be integral components of the BBTV genome and represent additional Rep-encoding DNAs associated with BBTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Horser
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
The extracts of Swertia chirata were evaluated for antihepatotoxic activity using paracetamol and galactosamine models. The methanol extract of the whole plant was found active at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. On fractionating this extract into chloroform soluble and butanol soluble fractions, the activity was retained in the chloroform soluble fraction which was most active at a dose level of 25 mg/kg i.p. with overall protection of 81% and 78% against paracetamol and galactosamine, respectively. The butanol soluble fraction, rich in bitter secoiridoids, was devoid of significant activity. The protective effect observed against these two hepatotoxins which are different in their mechanisms of inducing hepatotoxicity, suggests broader and non-specific protection of the liver against these two toxins by non-bitter components of Swertia chirata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
The methanol extract of Swertia chirata was evaluated for antihepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in experimental rats. The extract was found to be active and on fractionation into butanol soluble and chloroform soluble fractions, the activity was traced and found more profound in the chloroform soluble fraction. The butanol soluble bitter rich fraction showed marginal activity. The results based on biochemical estimations have been expressed statistically and are additionally supported by histopathological examination of the liver of experimental rats and pentobarbitone induced sleep time studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) DNA component 1 from isolates from 10 different countries was cloned and sequenced and the sequences were aligned and compared. This analysis indicated two groups: the South Pacific group (isolates from Australia, Burundi, Egypt, Fiji, India, Tonga and Western Samoa) and the Asian group (isolates from the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam). The mean sequence difference within each group was 1.9 to 3.0% and between isolates from the two groups was approximately 10%, but some parts of the sequences differed more than others. However, the protein encoded by the major open reading frame, which is probably a replicase, differed by approximately 5%. The region from the beginning of the stem-loop sequence to the potential TATA box was identical in all isolates except for a two nucleotide change in the Western Samoan isolate and a single change in that of the NSW isolate. These results, together with other evidence, suggest that BBTV has spread to bananas after the initial movement of bananas from the Asian Pacific regions to Africa and the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Karan M, Dale JL, Bateson MF, Harding RM, Teakle DS. Detection and characterization of pangola stunt Fijivirus from Australia using cloned cDNA probes. Arch Virol 1994; 135:397-404. [PMID: 7979975 DOI: 10.1007/bf01310023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Four cDNA clones were generated from the genomic dsRNA of an Australian isolate of pangola stunt Fijivirus (PaSV). Each clone hybridized with nucleic acid extracts from PaSV infected plants but not healthy plants. Further, each clone hybridized with more than one segment of the PaSV dsRNA genome. One clone was used to demonstrate that homology existed between the Australian isolate of PaSV and a South American isolate of PaSV although the isolates differed in the sizes of the genomic dsRNAs and in the vector species. The clone also hybridized with some segments of the maize rough dwarf Fijivirus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Karan M, Hicks S, Harding RM, Teakle DS. Stability and extractability of double-stranded RNA of pangola stunt and sugarcane Fiji disease viruses in dried plant tissues. J Virol Methods 1991; 33:211-6. [PMID: 1939508 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
When leaves infected with pangola stunt virus (PaSV) were dried at 23, 37, 50, 70 or 105 degrees C, the dsRNA was stable and could be extracted after aerobic storage at room temperature for 1 month, although at 105 degrees C the amount obtained was reduced. The dsRNA was also recovered after leaves were freeze dried and stored in vacuo at room temperature for 6 months, or were dried and stored aerobically at room temperature for 10.5 months. dsRNA of sugarcane Fiji disease virus (FDV) was also stable when infected leaves were dried at 23, 37, 50 or 105 degrees C and stored aerobically for 3 months or for at least 6 months when infected leaves were dried at 70 degrees C. The unexpected high stability and extractability of both PaSV and FDV dsRNA when dried in leaves at low or high temperatures and stored at room temperature indicate that these, and probably other plant-infecting reoviruses, can be transported readily in desiccated host tissue between different countries for later extraction and comparison of their dsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Teakle DS, Hicks S, Karan M, Hacker JB, Greber RS, Donaldson JF. Host range and geographic distribution of pangola stunt virus and its planthopper vectors in Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1071/ar9910819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural hosts of pangola stunt virus (PaSV) in eastern Austalia were found to be Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), D. ciliaris (summer grass) and D. milanjiana. Transmission tests using the planthopper vector, Sogatella kolophon, showed that D. polevansii, D. eriantha ssp. eriantha, D. swazilandensis and the Australian native, D. divaricatissima were also susceptible, whereas D. didactyla was not infected. In tests of 22 species in 15 other genera, only Urochloa panicoides (annual urochloa grass) was infected. In field surveys, PaSV was commonly found in pangola grass in near-coastal districts from Grafton, N.S.W. to Walkamin, N. Qld and was detected up to 100 km inland at Toowoomba. The virus was not detected in either pangola grass or D. eriantha ssp. eriantha in subhumid areas west of Toowoomba or at Gayndah. Sogatella kolophon was collected from Bamaga, N. Qld to Murwillumbah, N.S.W. It was commonly associated with both PaSV-infected and PaSV-free digitgrass pastures. It is concluded that PaSV poses a threat to many digitgrasses in near-coastal districts of Qld and subtropical N.S.W., but so far is unknown in inland Australia.
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