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Gimenez C, Sánchez ML, Valdez HA, Rodriguez ME, Grasselli M. PCR-tips for rapid diagnosis of bacterial pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5729-5739. [PMID: 35915170 PMCID: PMC9343218 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micropipette tips are currently among the most used disposable devices in bioresearch and development laboratories. Their main application is the fractionation of solutions. New functionalities have recently been added to this device, widening their applications. This paper analyzed disposable micropipette tips as reagent holders of PCR reagents. PCR has become a prevalent and often indispensable technique in biological laboratories for various applications, such as the detection of coronavirus and other infectious diseases. A functional micropipette tip was implemented to simplify PCR analysis and reduce the contamination chances of deoxynucleotides and specific primers. This disposable device is prepared by tip coating processes of reagents, using polyvinyl alcohol polymer and additives. The coated layer is optimized to load and release PCR reagents efficiently. As a proof of concept, we show that the detection of Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough whose diagnostic relies on PCR, can be quickly done using practical-functional tips. This device is an excellent example of testing the functionality and contribution of molecular diagnostic PCR tips. KEY POINTS: • Functional micropipette tips are prepared by coating with dNTPs and primers. • Functional tips are used to replace dNTPs and primers in the PCR master mix. • PCR diagnostic of Bordetella pertussis is performed using functional tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gimenez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,GBEyB, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE, Dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC‑PBA) and UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirna L Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,GBEyB, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE, Dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC‑PBA) and UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Valdez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular e Inmunomecanismos, CINDEFI
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - María E Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular e Inmunomecanismos, CINDEFI
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariano Grasselli
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,GBEyB, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE, Dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC‑PBA) and UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
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Freire AV, Ropelato MG, Papendieck P, Vieites A, Elías E, Ballerini MG, Rodriguez ME, Bergadá I, Chiesa A. Improving safety in paediatric thyroidectomy by PTH measurements. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:760-765. [PMID: 34219257 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVE We followed our previously reported algorithm based on intra and postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to predict postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroid hypocalcemia. The objective of the study was to assess if this strategy is useful and safe to reduce hypocalcemia, hospitalisation length and postsurgery calcium sampling. DESIGN, PATIENTS, MEASSUREMENTS We classified our series of 66 patients according to their risk of hypoparathyroidism based on PTH determinations. We treated high-risk patients with calcium and vitamin D1-25 supplementation and obtained routine daily calcium samples to control low-risk patients until 48 h postsurgery. We compared the outcomes and overall results of this new approach with those of a historical control group of patients with equivalent PTH measurements who were treated only if they presented hypocalcemia. RESULTS In the high-risk subgroup (n = 30), five patients had hypocalcemia within the first 24 h. Compared with the high-risk control subgroup, the incidence of hypocalcemia fell from 100% to 17% (p < .001), and the median hospitalisation length from 6 to 3 days (p < .001). In the low-risk subgroup (n = 36), 28 patients remained normocalcemic with significantly less calcium sampling (p < .001). Eight patients had hypocalcemia; seven of them required neck dissection, which was the only risk factor related to postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (RR: 2.1 [confidence interval 95%: 1.4-3.1]; p < .001). The overall incidence of hypocalcemia decreased by 58% in our patients compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Assessing PTH levels to classify the risk of hypoparathyroidism and to initiate preventive therapy was an effective approach that improved the safety of our paediatric patients by reducing the incidence of hypocalcemia and the length of hospitalisation after thyroidectomy in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía V Freire
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Ropelato
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Vieites
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Elías
- Cirugía, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria G Ballerini
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) -CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ferrer MF, Thomas P, López Ortiz AO, Errasti AE, Charo N, Romanowski V, Gorgojo J, Rodriguez ME, Carrera Silva EA, Gómez RM. Junin Virus Triggers Macrophage Activation and Modulates Polarization According to Viral Strain Pathogenicity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2499. [PMID: 31695702 PMCID: PMC6817498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The New World arenavirus Junin (JUNV) is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Previous studies of human macrophage infection by the Old-World arenaviruses Mopeia and Lassa showed that while the non-pathogenic Mopeia virus replicates and activates human macrophages, the pathogenic Lassa virus replicates but fails to activate human macrophages. Less is known in regard to the impact of New World arenavirus infection on the human macrophage immune response. Macrophage activation is critical for controlling infections but could also be usurped favoring immune evasion. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the JUNV infection modulates macrophage plasticity to clarify its role in AHF pathogenesis. With this aim in mind, we compared infection with the attenuated Candid 1 (C#1) or the pathogenic P strains of the JUNV virus in human macrophage cultures. The results showed that both JUNV strains similarly replicated and induced morphological changes as early as 1 day post-infection. However, both strains differentially induced the expression of CD71, the receptor for cell entry, the activation and maturation molecules CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR and selectively modulated cytokine production. Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12 were detected with C#1 strain, while the P strain induced only higher levels of IL-6. We also found that C#1 strain infection skewed macrophage polarization to M1, whereas the P strain shifted the response to an M2 phenotype. Interestingly, the MERTK receptor, that negatively regulates the immune response, was down-regulated by C#1 strain and up-regulated by P strain infection. Similarly, the target genes of MERTK activation, the cytokine suppressors SOCS1 and SOCS3, were also increased after P strain infection, in addition to IRF-1, that regulates type I IFN levels, which were higher with C#1 compared with P strain infection. Together, this differential activation/polarization pattern of macrophages elicited by P strain suggests a more evasive immune response and may have important implications in the pathogenesis of AHF and underpinning the development of new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Thomas
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aída O López Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Errasti
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia, University of Buenos Aries, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Charo
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Global Viral Network, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Gorgojo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María E Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenio A Carrera Silva
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Gómez
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Global Viral Network, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Jayakumar AR, Taherian M, Panickar KS, Shamaladevi N, Rodriguez ME, Price BG, Norenberg MD. Differential Response of Neural Cells to Trauma-Induced Swelling In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:397-406. [PMID: 29150743 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema and the associated increase in intracranial pressure are major consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that accounts for most early deaths after TBI. We recently showed that acute severe trauma to cultured astrocytes results in cell swelling. We further examined whether trauma induces cell swelling in neurons and microglia. We found that severe trauma also caused cell swelling in cultured neurons, whereas no swelling was observed in microglia. While severe trauma caused cell swelling in both astrocytes and neurons, mild trauma to astrocytes, neurons, and microglia failed to cell swelling. Since extracellular levels of glutamate are increased in brain post-TBI and microglia are known to release cytokine, and direct exposure of astrocytes to these molecules are known to stimulate cell swelling, we examined whether glutamate or cytokines have any additive effect on trauma-induced cell swelling. Exposure of cultured astrocytes to trauma caused cell swelling, and such swelling was potentiated by the exposure of traumatized astrocytes to glutamate and cytokines. Conditioned medium (CM) from traumatized astrocytes had no effect on neuronal swelling post-trauma, while CM from traumatized neurons and microglia potentiated the effect of trauma on astrocyte swelling. Further, trauma significantly increased the Na-K-Cl co-transporter (NKCC) activity in neurons, and that inhibition of NKCC activity diminished the trauma-induced neuronal swelling. Our results indicate that a differential sensitivity to trauma-induced cell swelling exists in neural cells and that neurons and microglia are likely to be involved in the potentiation of the astrocyte swelling post-trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Jayakumar
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
- South Florida Foundation for Research and Education Inc., Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33125, USA.
| | - M Taherian
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K S Panickar
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N Shamaladevi
- Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M E Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B G Price
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M D Norenberg
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Rodriguez ME, Orozco H, Cantoral JM, Matallana E, Aranda A. Acetyltransferase SAS2 and sirtuin SIR2, respectively, control flocculation and biofilm formation in wine yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:845-57. [PMID: 24920206 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment interactions of microorganisms are of substantial relevance for their biotechnological use. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, flocculation can be an advantage to clarify final liquid products after fermentation, and biofilm formation may be relevant for the encapsulation of strains of interest. The adhesion properties of wine yeast strains can be modified by the genetic manipulation of transcriptional regulatory proteins, such as histone deacetylases, and acetylases. Sirtuin SIR2 is essential for the formation of mat structures, a kind of biofilm that requires the expression of cell-wall protein FLO11 as its deletion reduces FLO11 expression, and adhesion of cells to themselves and to agar in a commercial wine strain. Deletion of acetyltransferase GCN5 leads to a similar phenotype. A naturally flocculant wine yeast strain called P2 was characterized. Its flocculation happens only during grape juice fermentation and is due to the presence of a highly transcribed version of flocculin FLO5, linked to the presence of a δ sequence in the promoter. Deletion of acetyltransferase SAS2 enhances this phenotype and maltose fermentation even more. Therefore, the manipulation of acetylation/deacetylation machinery members is a valid way to alter the interaction of industrial yeast to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de MicrobiologÍa Enológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Serra DO, Conover MS, Arnal L, Sloan GP, Rodriguez ME, Yantorno OM, Deora R. FHA-mediated cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesions are critical for Bordetella pertussis biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and in the mouse nose and the trachea. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28811. [PMID: 22216115 PMCID: PMC3245231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella spp. form biofilms in the mouse nasopharynx, thereby providing a potential mechanism for establishing chronic infections in humans and animals. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis, the causative agent of the highly transmissible and infectious disease, pertussis. In this study, we dissected the role of FHA in the distinct biofilm developmental stages of B. pertussis on abiotic substrates and in the respiratory tract by employing a murine model of respiratory biofilms. Our results show that the lack of FHA reduced attachment and decreased accumulation of biofilm biomass on artificial surfaces. FHA contributes to biofilm development by promoting the formation of microcolonies. Absence of FHA from B. pertussis or antibody-mediated blockade of surface-associated FHA impaired the attachment of bacteria to the biofilm community. Exogenous addition of FHA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on bacterial association with the biofilms. Furthermore, we show that FHA is important for the structural integrity of biofilms formed on the mouse nose and trachea. Together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that FHA promotes the formation and maintenance of biofilms by mediating cell-substrate and inter-bacterial adhesions. These discoveries highlight FHA as a key factor in establishing structured biofilm communities in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O. Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matt S. Conover
- Program in Molecular Genetics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Arnal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gina Parise Sloan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - María E. Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo M. Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (RD); (OMY)
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Program in Molecular Genetics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (OMY)
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Rodriguez ME, Mackenzie WG, Ditro C, Miller TL, Chidekel A, Shaffer TH. Skeletal dysplasias: evaluation with impulse oscillometry and thoracoabdominal motion analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:679-86. [PMID: 20575094 PMCID: PMC3338356 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with skeletal dysplasia (SD) often have pulmonary disease, which can be life threatening. In clinical practice, chest wall and formal respiratory function tests are difficult to perform owing to the small size and cooperation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate distinct thoracopulmonary function patterns in children with SD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study reviewing pulmonary function tests from 17 patients with the diagnosis of SD. Three subgroups were studied: Morquio syndrome (MS), metatropic-spondylocostal dysplasia (MSD), and unspecified skeletal dysplasias (SDU). Rib cage contribution to tidal volume excursions (%RC), phase angle (Phtheta), phase relation during total breath (PhRTB), respiratory resistance (Rrs(5-35) Hz), respiratory reactance (Xrs(5-35) Hz), resonant frequency, and their frequency-dependency were analyzed. Values were age-matched and height-matched to reference values of healthy subjects. RESULTS There was a decrease in %RC and an increase in PhRTB (P < 0.05) in the SD group. %RC differed between subgroups [MS: 46.4 +/- 1.8% SE, MSD: 18.4 +/- 2.6% SE, SDU: 27.5 +/- 5.2% SE (P < 0.05)]; Phtheta was within reference values only in MS, which exhibited a decrease in Xrs at 5 Hz (P < 0.05) and an increase in Rrs independent of the frequency. SDU showed a decrease in Xrs at 35 Hz (P < 0.05), no differences were found in Rrs. In MS, a correlation was found between RC and Rrs at all frequencies (r = -0.98, P < 0.01) and between Xrs(5-10) and Phtheta (r = -0.93, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thoracoabdominal dysfunction was associated with altered chest wall reactance at high frequencies in a subgroup of SD patients with abnormal lung reactance and central airway involvement in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
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Rodriguez ME, Almaden Y, Cañadillas S, Canalejo A, Siendones E, Lopez I, Aguilera-Tejero E, Martin D, Rodriguez M. The calcimimetic R-568 increases vitamin D receptor expression in rat parathyroid glands. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F1390-5. [PMID: 17200160 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00262.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that extracellular calcium regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression by parathyroid cells. Since the calcimimetic R-568 potentiates the effects of calcium on the calcium-sensing receptor, it was hypothesized that administration of R-568 may result in increased VDR expression in parathyroid tissue. In vitro studies of the effect of R-568 on VDR mRNA and protein were conducted in cultures of whole rat parathyroid glands and human hyperplastic parathyroid glands. In vivo studies in Wistar rats examined the effect of R-568 and calcitriol alone and in combination. Incubation of rat parathyroid glands in vitro with R-568 (0.001–1 μM) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and an increase in VDR expression (mean ± SE). Incubation in 1 mM calcium + 0.001 μM R-568 elicited an increase in VDR mRNA (306 ± 46%) similar to the maximum increase detected with 1.5 mM calcium (330 ± 42%). In vivo, VDR mRNA was increased after administration of R-568 (168 ± 9%, P < 0.001 vs. control) or calcitriol (198 ± 16%, P < 0.001 vs. control). Treatment with R-568 also increased VDR protein in normal rat parathyroid glands and in human parathyroid glands with diffuse, but not nodular, hyperplasia. In conclusion, the present study shows that the calcimimetic R-568 exerts a stimulatory effect on VDR expression in the parathyroid glands of study models and provides additional evidence for the use of calcimimetics in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion, Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
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Lopez-Beltran A, Requena MJ, Luque RJ, Alvarez-Kindelan J, Quintero A, Blanca AM, Rodriguez ME, Siendones E, Montironi R. Cyclin D3 expression in primary Ta/T1 bladder cancer. J Pathol 2006; 209:106-13. [PMID: 16482499 DOI: 10.1002/path.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D3 deregulation has recently been reported in bladder cancer but its prognostic significance remains uncertain. A cohort of 159 patients with stage Ta or T1 primary bladder tumours was investigated to determine the significance of cyclin D3 expression in association with other G1-S phase regulators of the cell cycle (p53, p21Waf1, p27kip1, cyclin D1), including tumour proliferation (ki67-MIB1); its association with conventional clinicopathological parameters; and the relationship between cyclin D3 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the 9p21 (p16INK4a locus) chromosome region. The end point of the study was progression-free survival. Cyclin D3, other G1-S phase regulators, and tumour proliferation were investigated by immunohistochemistry and measured by the grid-counting method. To validate the immunohistochemical expression, cyclin D3 was additionally assessed by western blotting in selected cases. LOH at the 9p21 chromosome region (marker D9S171) was assessed in 125 cases using an AB Prism 310 genetic analyser and a set of microsatellite fluorescence-labelled primers. Cyclin D3 overexpression was related to larger tumour size (>5 cm; p < 0.0001) and high tumour proliferation (>10%; p = 0.025). Mean cyclin D3 expression increased with 2004 WHO grading categories in stage Ta (p = 0.035, ANOVA) and stage T1 (p = 0.047, t test) tumours. Cyclin D3 was not related to other clinicopathological parameters, G1-S phase modulators, or 9p21 LOH. Cox's multivariate analysis selected cyclin D3 as an independent predictor of progression-free survival (p = 0.0012, relative risk (RR) = 5.2366) together with tumour size (p = 0.0115, RR = 4.4442) and cyclin D1 (p = 0.0065, RR = 3.3023). Cyclin D3 expression had the highest risk ratio. Our results suggest that expression of cyclin D3 is relevant to the progression-free survival of patients with Ta/T1 bladder carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Cordoba University Medical School, Spain
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Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), caused by Moraxella bovis, is a disease of major importance in cattle industry. M. bovis has several virulence factors among which pili are crucial antigen for the protective capacity of vaccines against this disease. The production of vaccines against IBK therefore requires a reliable technique for cellular piliation level assessment on cells to be included as vaccine components. In this study we describe a specific whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bact-ELISA) capable of detecting pili antigen on M. bovis cell surface. A sequential competitive bact-ELISA was developed using highly piliated M. bovis cells as antigen. Samples to be analyzed were allowed to react with anti-pilus serum prior to incubation in wells coated with piliated cells of M. bovis. This assay proved useful for the rapid, sensitive and reproducible evaluation of piliation on M. bovis cells, and represents an important tool for cellular piliation monitoring daburing M. bovis cells production in stirred bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Prieto
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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11
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Pazo JA, Rodriguez ME, Vega F, Cruz LDL, Guibert EE, Mediavilla MG, Furno G, Rodríguez JV. Primary Culture of Rat Hepatocytes After Cold Storage in the University of Wisconsin Solution: A Tool to Study the Effects of Hypothermic Preservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1089/153834402765035626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Rodriguez ME, Hellwig SM, Hozbor DF, Leusen J, van der Pol WL, van de Winkel JG. Fc receptor-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis. J Immunol 2001; 167:6545-51. [PMID: 11714823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of specific Abs for the induction of cellular effector functions against Bordetella pertussis was studied. IgG-opsonized B. pertussis was efficiently phagocytosed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). This process was mediated by the PMN IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa (CD32) and FcgammaRIIIb (CD16), working synergistically. Furthermore, these FcgammaR triggered efficient PMN respiratory burst activity and mediated transfer of B. pertussis to lysosomal compartments, ultimately resulting in reduced bacterial viability. Bacteria opsonized with IgA triggered similar PMN activation via FcalphaR (CD89). Simultaneous engagement of FcalphaRI and FcgammaR by B. pertussis resulted in increased phagocytosis rates, compared with responses induced by either isotype alone. These data provide new insights into host immune mechanisms against B. pertussis and document a crucial role for Ig-FcR interactions in immunity to this human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Rodriguez ME. [The movement from the humoral theory of disease to the birth of the modern clinic in Mexico]. Quipu 2001; 9:297-306. [PMID: 11640694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This article refers to the time when the "Real y Pontificia Universidad de México" was closed and the Establecimiento de Ciencias Médicas (Medical Sciences Establishment) was created in 1833. Due to this historical event, it was done firstly as an epistemological approach in the history of medicine in Mexico; this is to say, disease concept changed. Instead of the Humoral Theory, the Biological Model regarding the lesion was developed. This model supports that disease is an anatomical or functional disturbance in the human body. The research, theoretically, is based on the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard.
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14
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Rodriguez ME. [Dr. Nicolás León and physical anthropology]. Bol Soc Mex Hist Filos Med 2001; 12:42-8. [PMID: 11638034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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15
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Abstract
The hydrolysis of hemicellulose to monomeric sugars by dilute acid hydrolysis is accompanied by the production of inhibitors that retard microbial fermentation. Treatment of hot hydrolysate with Ca(OH)(2) (overliming) is an effective method for detoxification. Using ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst, our results indicate that the optimal lime addition for detoxification varies and depends on the concentration of mineral acids and organic acids in each hydrolysate. This optimum was shown to be readily predicted on the basis of the titration of hydrolysate with 2 N NaOH at ambient temperature to either pH 7.0 or pH 11.0. The average composition of 15 hydrolysates prior to treatment was as follows (per L): 95.24 +/- 7.29 g sugar, 5.3 +/- 2.99 g acetic acid, 1.305 +/- 0.288 g total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and 2.86 +/- 0.34 g phenolic compounds. Optimal overliming resulted in a 51 +/- 9% reduction of total furans, a 41 +/- 6% reduction in phenolic compounds, and a 8.7 +/- 4.5% decline in sugar. Acetic acid levels were unchanged. Considering the similarity of microorganisms, it is possible that the titration method described here may also prove useful for detoxification and fermentation processes using other microbial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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16
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van der Pol W, Vidarsson G, Vilé HA, van de Winkel JG, Rodriguez ME. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific IgA triggers efficient neutrophil effector functions via FcalphaRI (CD89). J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1139-45. [PMID: 10979910 DOI: 10.1086/315825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2000] [Revised: 06/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific anti-capsular polysaccharide IgG is believed to be important for protection against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Significant IgA responses have been observed after vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines, but the role of this isotype in anti-pneumococcal host defense is unclear. Here, it is shown that purified serum IgA specific for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides can initiate efficient cellular effector functions, such as phagocytosis, via interaction with the myeloid IgA receptor, FcalphaRI (CD89). The efficiency of FcalphaR-triggered granulocyte effector functions was comparable to that of FcgammaRIIa (CD32), as shown in experiments with bispecific antibodies. These results support a role for polysaccharide-specific IgA in antipneumococcal cellular effector function and suggest that FcalphaRI represents an important leukocyte receptor for immunity against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van der Pol
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
Hemicellulose syrups from dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysates of hemicellulose contain inhibitors that prevent efficient fermentation by yeast or bacteria. It is well known that the toxicity of these hydrolysate syrups can be ameliorated by optimized "overliming" with Ca(OH)(2). We have investigated the optimization of overliming treatments for sugar cane bagasse hydrolysates (primarily pentose sugars) using recombinant Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst. A comparison of composition before and after optimal overliming revealed a substantial reduction in furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and three unidentified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks. Organic acids (acetic, formic, levulinic) were not affected. Similar changes have been reported after overliming of spruce hemicellulose hydrolysates (Larsson et al., 1999). Our studies further demonstrated that the extent of furan reduction correlated with increasing fermentability. However, furan reduction was not the sole cause for reduced toxicity. After optimal overliming, bagasse hydrolysate was rapidly and efficiently fermented (>90% yield) by LY01. During these studies, titration, and conductivity were found to be in excellent agreement as methods to estimate sulfuric acid content. Titration was also found to provide an estimate of total organic acids in hydrolysate, which agreed well with the sum of acetic, levulinic, and formic acids obtained by HPLC. Titration of acids, measurement of pH before and after treatment, and furan analyses are proposed as relatively simple methods to monitor the reproducibility of hydrolysate preparations and the effectiveness of overliming treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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18
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Abstract
A simple method based on UV spectra was developed for the estimation of total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) in hemicellulose hydrolysates. UV spectra of hemicellulose hydrolysate contained a single dominant peak at around 278 nm. Approximately two-thirds of this peak can be attributed to furan absorbance (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural). At 284 nm, both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural have equal absorbance on a weight basis. A comparison of HPLC determinations for different samples of hydrolysate was used to develop a simple equation that allows the accurate prediction of total furans based on the difference in absorbance at 284 and 320 nm. This method may prove useful for quality control applications during the production of biomass syrups using a dilute acid hydrolysis process and during treatments for the amelioration of toxins. Although furans represent only a portion of the toxins present in hemicellulose hydrolysates, the abundance of furans appears to serve as a useful marker to predict relative toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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19
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Abstract
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the production of Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Numerous vesicles released from cells grown in Stainer-Scholte liquid medium were observed. The formation of similar vesicle-like structures could also be artificially induced by sonication of concentrated bacterial suspensions. Immunoblot analysis showed that OMVs contain adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly), among other polypeptides, as well as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experiments carried out employing purified AC-Hly and OMVs isolated from B. pertussis AC-Hly- showed that AC-Hly is an integral component of the vesicles. OMVs reported here contain several protective immunogens and might be considered a possible basic material for the development of acellular pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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20
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Rodriguez ME, van der Pol WL, Sanders LA, van de Winkel JG. Crucial role of FcgammaRIIa (CD32) in assessment of functional anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody activity in human sera. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:423-33. [PMID: 9878027 DOI: 10.1086/314603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) constitutes the main defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two leukocyte IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb, are constitutively expressed on PMNL. Blocking experiments showed FcgammaRIIa is crucial for opsonophagocytosis of serum-opsonized S. pneumoniae. The biallelic, genetically determined FcgammaRIIa polymorphism (FcgammaRIIa-R131 vs. IIa-H131) determines the capacity of IgG2-mediated phagocytosis via this receptor. Comparative studies with PMNL from donors either homozygous for FcgammaRIIa-R131 or IIa-H131 showed the latter had higher phagocytic capacity. These results were confirmed in FcgammaRIIa-R131- and FcgammaRIIa-H131-transfected IIA1.6 cells. The performance of FcgammaRIIa-transfected cells in S. pneumoniae phagocytosis was validated using sera from adults and children. Serum-induced phagocytic activity depended mainly on anti-pneumococcal IgG2 antibodies. Results obtained with PMNL and IIA1.6 cells showed high correlation (r=0.94; P<.001), and support that FcgammaRIIa transfectants are a good alternative to PMNL as effector cells in opsonophagocytosis assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Medarex Europe, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Rodriguez ME, van den Dobbelsteen GP, Oomen LA, de Weers O, van Buren L, Beurret M, Poolman JT, Hoogerhout P. Immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6B and 14 polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates and the effect of uncoupled polysaccharide on the antigen-specific immune response. Vaccine 1998; 16:1941-9. [PMID: 9796048 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of two types of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates (PS6BTT and PS14TT) was evaluated in mice. Both conjugates induced high titres of high avidity type-specific anti-PS IgG, which include all IgG isotypes except IgG2a. Repeated immunization resulted in booster responses in both cases. The antibodies induced exhibited opsonic activity, as measured in an in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay, using the mouse macrophage cell line RAW-264. Furthermore, the influence of spiking PS6BTT with free PS6B of either 1000 kDa (native) or 37 kDa was investigated. The results indicate that not only the amount but also the molecular weight of the free PS6B present in the conjugate vaccine affect the anti-PS6B immune response. Large amounts of free PS6B of both molecular weights decrease each anti-PS6B IgG isotype response. However, unlike admixture of the low molecular weight PS6B, addition of the high molecular weight PS6B leads to a rather persistent state of unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development and Immune Mechanisms, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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22
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Guillermo A, Rodriguez ME. Neurological diagnosis on a reported case of chromosome 10 qter deletion. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:1154-5. [PMID: 9811300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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23
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Ueda K, Yamaoka K, Rodriguez ME, Shibukawa A, Nakagawa T. Enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in perfused rat liver. Drug Metab Dispos 1997; 25:281-6. [PMID: 9172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in rat liver was investigated in the single-pass perfusion system containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). After an instantaneous injection of semotiadil, levosemotiadil, or Evans Blue (a marker of BSA), each outflow time profile from the liver was analyzed by a two-compartment dispersion model. The recovery ratio, FH (1.88 +/- 0.28%), of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (8.99 +/- 1.40%) of levosemotiadil. The mean transit time, fH (0.146 +/- 0.014 min) of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (0.191 +/- 0.012 min) of levosemotiadil. The biliary excretion kinetics of these enantiomers was also evaluated by moment analysis. The parent compound (semotiadil or levosemotiadil) was not detected in bile, but four metabolites generated from each parent enantiomer were found in the bile. A portion (16.5 +/- 1.2%) of the drug eliminated by the liver was recovered as R-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of semotiadil, whereas 11.2 +/- 1.6% was recovered as S-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of levosemotiadil. This excreted percentage into the bile was significantly different between R- and S-metabolites. The mean biliary excretion time MRTe (19.1 +/- 2.2 min) of total R-metabolites was significantly larger than that (14.8 +/- 1.1 min) of total S-metabolites. In conclusion, stereo-selectivity was suggested both at the hepatic elimination of the parent compound and at the biliary excretion of the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Cells of Bordetella pertussis grown in a bioreactor under stirring conditions were studied to investigate the effect of shear stress on cellular-bound filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). FHA attached to the bacterial surface, unlike extracellular FHA, was not affected at the shear levels tested. Moreover, no other cellular immunogen involved in the whole-cell protective activity seemed to be affected by hydromechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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25
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Beauchamp LM, Tuttle JV, Rodriguez ME, Sznaidman ML. Guanine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (8-azaguanine) phosphonate acyclic derivatives as inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. J Med Chem 1996; 39:949-56. [PMID: 8632418 DOI: 10.1021/jm950736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonate acyclic derivates of guanines, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and triazolo[4,5-d]-pyrimidines (8-azaguanines) are inhibitors of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) with Ki' values ranging from 0.05 to 1.6 microM. These compounds are enzymatically stable congeners of the potent PNPase inhibitor acyclovir diphosphate (53).
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Beauchamp
- Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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26
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Hozbor D, Chirdo FG, Rodriguez ME, Valverde C, Yantorno O. Quantitation of adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Biologicals 1995; 23:279-84. [PMID: 8825856 DOI: 10.1006/biol.1995.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis produces extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase toxin (AC) which has received considerable attention as a potential vaccine candidate. Great interest from laboratories involved in production, purification and quality control of acellular pertussis vaccine is focused on finding an appropriate technique for rapid and accurate quantitation of AC antigen. In this paper a competitive ELISA is proposed. A polystyrene microplate coated with purified AC was incubated with the sample to be tested plus anti-AC serum. The bound anti-AC antibodies were measured by sequential reaction with alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-mouse IgG and p-nitrophenylphosphate. This method showed high specificity, with the 50% inhibition corresponding to 4 micrograms/ml of AC. It also proved to be useful to assess the presence of AC in culture supernatants, with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Facultad de Ciencas Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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27
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Abstract
This paper attempts to provide an explanation for the effect of cyclodextrin on the yield of Bordetella pertussis soluble antigens. It was demonstrated that the addition of cyclodextrin to the synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium enhances the level of the intracellular form of adenylate cyclase (200 kDa) in the supernate. In addition to this effect, it has been reported that cyclodextrin also enhances the levels of two other extracellular proteins, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. As these antigens are structurally different, it seems that the effect of cyclodextrin is not specific. With the use of different buffer systems of well-known action on outer membrane stability it was possible to determine a relationship between the presence of cyclodextrin, destabilisation of the outer membrane and the release of proteins. It was determined that the cyclodextrin did not modify the fluidity of B. pertussis cells but produced a change of outer membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad De Ciencias Exactas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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28
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Abstract
The presence of reflex myoclonus in response to touching and pin-pricking the wrist or stretching the fingers and to photic stimulation was assessed in 24 patients with a presumed diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and in 30 age matched control subjects. Reflex myoclonus to soma-esthetic stimulation was found in 23 patients and in none of the controls. Photic myoclonus was present in 12 patients and in none of the controls. Electrophysiological study of the reflex myoclonus showed enhanced (> 10 microV) somatosensory evoked potentials and an associated reflex electromyographic discharge (C-wave) in 15 patients. These findings indicate that reflex myoclonus is common in OPCA and probably of cortical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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29
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Abstract
The effect of the addition of (2,6-O-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (Me beta CD) during growth of Bordetella pertussis in synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium (SS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) release was investigated. The Me beta CD concentration used (3 mg/ml) was chosen according to the optimal level found in previous studies to enhance major soluble antigen production. The profiles in SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of LPS extracted from cells grown in SS and SS + Me beta CD media revealed similar patterns. Although the LPS content of whole cells decreased during cell growth, yields obtained at different growth periods in cyclodextrin medium were lower than those corresponding to SS medium alone. Consequently, the level of LPS released in supernatants of both media increased during cellular growth. This amount of free LPS was higher in the cyclodextrin liquid medium and became significant at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. Binding of cyclodextrin to pertussis cells could account for the data obtained. Similar results were obtained with all species of the genus Bordetella.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), La Plata, Argentina
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30
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Gonzalez RR, Robaina R, Rodriguez ME, Blanca S. An enzyme immunoassay for determining total thyroxine in human serum using an ultramicroanalytical system. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 197:159-70. [PMID: 1904803 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid competitive ultramicroElisa assay has been developed for the measurement of total thyroxine (T4) using only 10 microliters of serum. Our novel UME is based on fluorescence measurements of the hydrolytic product of 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. T4-beta-Galactosidase conjugates and monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on polyvinyl plates, with sodium salicylate used as a blocking agent for thyroxine binding protein. The analytical steps were carried out using a semiautomated batch-assay system entitled "SUMA" (system for ultramicroanalysis). The T4 assay was completed in 2 h, with a measuring range of 24-386 nmol/L. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.6-6.9% and the inter-assay C.V. 9.0-12.4% depending on the T4 concentrations. Percentage recovery ranged from 99.2-111%. Regression analysis showed a good correlation with an established radioimmunoassay (n = 121, r = 0.946, P less than 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Gonzalez
- National Institute of Endocrinology, Hospital Fajardo, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
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31
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Abstract
A schizophrenic patient developed a characteristic clinical picture of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) while admitted to the hospital during an exacerbation of his psychiatric symptoms. Oral treatment of the NMS with bromocriptine (7.5 mg/day) or levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg) provoked intense vomiting in spite of domperidone (60 mg/day), which led to their discontinuation. In view of the deterioration of the symptoms, treatment was begun with lisuride (1-2 mg/24 h) subcutaneously. An obvious improvement was shown in 24 h, but levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg t.d.s. orally) had to be added later to achieve complete resolution of the NMS. During the recovery phase, while being treated with subcutaneous lisuride infusion and levodopa (p.o.), the patient presented with confusion, agitation, and hallucination. Lisuride infusion was stopped and levodopa was continued until complete resolution of the NMS. This case indicates that parenteral administration of lisuride or other dopamine agents such as levodopa (i.v.) or apomorphine (s.c.) may be considered an effective and practical way of treating NMS, particularly when the patient's condition makes it difficult or impossible to use other dopaminergic drugs by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Obeso JA, Grandas F, Vaamonde J, Luquin MR, Artieda J, Lera G, Rodriguez ME, Martinez-Lage JM. Motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989; 39:11-9. [PMID: 2685647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations and dyskinesias are the 2 main motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy. Striatal denervation following degeneration of the substantia nigra dopaminergic projections is probably the major pathophysiologic mechanism underlying motor fluctuations. In addition, pathologic modification of striatal receptors, partially related to the nonphysiologic delivery of levodopa in a discontinuous pulsatile mode, may be responsible for the various types of dyskinesias and sudden "off" episodes. Drugs capable of providing a stable dopaminergic stimulation should be particularly useful for preventing the development of motor complications in patients not yet treated. At the other end of the clinical spectrum, patients with complex fluctuations are the least likely to improve with slow-release levodopa preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Obeso
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria, Pamplona, Spain
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33
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McMillen BA, DaVanzo EA, Song AH, Scott SM, Rodriguez ME. Effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on isolation-induced aggression in male mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 160:149-53. [PMID: 2565815 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of classical, atypical and putative antipsychotic drugs were compared for their ability to inhibit isolation-induced intraspecies aggression with affinity for D-2 dopamine receptors and induction of akinesia. The majority of drugs tested significantly inhibited aggressive behavior only after doses that greatly decreased the ability of mice to move. Even though akinesia seemed to account for inhibition of aggression there was no apparent correlation with binding to striatal D-2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McMillen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
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34
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Abstract
This paper is a comprehensive review of the available information about alcohol consumption in Spain. Alcohol use is the most severe drug problem among both young people and adults; almost half the Spanish population drink daily, and more than a fourth drink a quantity of alcohol sufficient to cause health problems in the long term. The consumption of alcohol may be considered to be culturally rooted when compared with other drug use which follows a more recent epidemic pattern. For those who use other drugs, for example cannabis and cocaine, alcohol is commonly used in conjunction. Clearly the level of alcohol use and abuse is high in Spain and constitutes a severe public health and socioeconomic problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- University of California, Drug Abuse Information and Monitoring Project, Los Angeles 90024
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35
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Abstract
During the academic year 1983-1984, a survey on drug consumption was conducted among medical students in Barcelona. There was a high proportion of smokers in both sexes. Alcohol consumption was four times higher among men than women; high proof beverages were becoming the most common drinks. Coffee was the caffeine drink consumed by almost the whole population studied. Although cannabis derivatives had been tried at least once by almost all the students, regular consumers were almost non-existent. Amphetamine consumption was restricted to examination periods. The use of opiates, cocaine, hallucinogens, and solvents was rare for the sample. Results from this study are compared with those from similar surveys conducted 5 and 10 years ago.
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