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Kaffka genaamd Dengler SE, Vervoorn MT, Brouwer M, de Jonge J, van der Kaaij NP. Dilemmas concerning heart procurement in controlled donation after circulatory death. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225543. [PMID: 37583588 PMCID: PMC10424927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With an expanding population at risk for heart failure and the resulting increase in patients admitted to the waiting list for heart transplantation, the demand of viable organs exceeds the supply of suitable donor hearts. Use of hearts after circulatory death has reduced this deficit. Two primary techniques for heart procurement in circulatory death donors have been described: direct procurement and perfusion and thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion. While the former has been accepted as an option for heart procurement in circulatory death donors, the latter technique has raised some ethical questions in relation to the dead donor rule. In this paper we discuss the current dilemmas regarding these heart procurement protocols in circulatory death donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. T. Vervoorn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. Brouwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - N. P. van der Kaaij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Thannhauser J, Nas J, van der Sluijs K, Zwart H, de Boer MJ, van Royen N, Bonnes J, Brouwer M. Pilot study on VF-waveform based algorithms for early detection of acute myocardial infarction during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2022; 174:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Navarese EP, Lansky AJ, Kereiakes DJ, Kubica J, Gurbel PA, Gorog DA, Valgimigli M, Curzen N, Kandzari DE, Bonaca MP, Brouwer M, Umińska J, Jaguszewski MJ, Raggi P, Waksman R, Leon MB, Wijns W, Andreotti F. Cardiac mortality in patients randomised to elective coronary revascularisation plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4638-4651. [PMID: 34002203 PMCID: PMC8669551 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The value of elective coronary revascularisation plus medical therapy over medical therapy alone in managing stable patients with coronary artery disease is debated. We reviewed all trials comparing the two strategies in this population. Methods and results From inception through November 2020, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and other databases were searched for randomised trials comparing revascularisation against medical therapy alone in clinically stable coronary artery disease patients. Treatment effects were measured by rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals, using random-effects models. Cardiac mortality was the pre-specified primary endpoint. Spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI) and its association with cardiac mortality were secondary endpoints. Further endpoints included all-cause mortality, any MI, and stroke. Longest follow-up data were abstracted. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021225598). Twenty-five trials involving 19 806 patients (10 023 randomised to revascularisation plus medical therapy and 9783 to medical therapy alone) were included. Compared with medical therapy alone, revascularisation yielded a lower risk of cardiac death [RR 0.79 (0.67–0.93), P < 0.01] and spontaneous MI [RR 0.74 (0.64–0.86), P < 0.01]. By meta-regression, the cardiac death risk reduction after revascularisation, compared with medical therapy alone, was linearly associated with follow-up duration [RR per 4-year follow-up: 0.81 (0.69–0.96), P = 0.008], spontaneous MI absolute difference (P = 0.01) and percentage of multivessel disease at baseline (P = 0.004). Trial sequential and sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the cardiac mortality findings. All-cause mortality [0.94 (0.87–1.01), P = 0.11], any MI (P = 0.14), and stroke risk (P = 0.30) did not differ significantly between strategies. Conclusion In stable coronary artery disease patients, randomisation to elective coronary revascularisation plus medical therapy led to reduced cardiac mortality compared with medical therapy alone. The cardiac survival benefit after revascularisation improved with longer follow-up times and was associated with fewer spontaneous MIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano P Navarese
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,SIRIO MEDICINE research network, Poland
| | | | - Dean J Kereiakes
- Christ Hospital and Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,SIRIO MEDICINE research network, Poland
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,Cardiology Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Universitätsspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nick Curzen
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David E Kandzari
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marc P Bonaca
- CPC Clinical Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
| | - Marc Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Umińska
- Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Paolo Raggi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Wijns
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Curam, National University of Ireland Galway and Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Felicita Andreotti
- Direzione Scientifica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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van Vugt S, Aarts G, Lamfers E, Vries LBD, Kramers C, de Boer MJ, Verheugt F, Focks JJ, Brouwer M. Comorbidity Differentiation and Risk Stratification in the Elderly Patient with Polypharmacy: A Prospective Primary Care Registry on Oral Anticoagulation Therapy. Eur Cardiol 2020; 15:e46. [PMID: 32612706 PMCID: PMC7312310 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2020.15.1.po23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Verdoia M, Suryapranata H, Damen S, Camaro C, Rasoul S, Liew H, Polad J, Ahmad AM, Zambahari R, Lalmand J, van der Schaaf R, Koh TH, Timmermans F, Dilling-Boer D, Veenstra L, van't Hof A, Lee S, Roolvink V, Ligtenberg E, Postma S, Kolkman E, Brouwer M, Dudek D, Kedhi E, De Luca G. PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF AGE WITH SHORT-TERM VS. 12 MONTHS DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE REDUCE TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Cramer GE, Gommans DHF, Dieker HJ, Michels M, Verheugt F, de Boer MJ, Bakker J, Fouraux MA, Timmermans J, Kofflard M, Brouwer M. Exercise and myocardial injury in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 2020; 106:1169-1175. [PMID: 32001622 PMCID: PMC7398456 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Troponin and high signal intensity on T2-weighted (HighT2) cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) are both markers of myocardial injury in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The interplay between exercise and disease development remains uncertain in HCM. We sought to assess the occurrence of postexercise troponin rises and its determinants. Methods Multicentre project on patients with HCM and mutation carriers without hypertrophy (controls). Participants performed a symptom limited bicycle test with hs-cTnT assessment pre-exercise and 6 hours postexercise. Pre-exercise CMRi was performed in patients with HCM to assess measures of hypertrophy and myocardial injury. Depending on baseline troponin (< or >13 ng/L), a rise was defined as a >50% or >20% increase, respectively. Results Troponin rises occurred in 18% (23/127) of patients with HCM and 4% (2/53) in mutation carriers (p=0.01). Comparing patients with HCM with and without a postexercise troponin rise, maximum heart rates (157±19 vs 143±23, p=0.004) and maximal wall thickness (20 mm vs 17 mm, p=0.023) were higher in the former, as was the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (85% vs 57%, p=0.02). HighT2 was seen in 65% (13/20) and 19% (15/79), respectively (p<0.001). HighT2 was the only independent predictor of troponin rise (adjusted odds ratio 7.9; 95% CI 2.7 to 23.3; p<0.001). Conclusions Postexercise troponin rises were seen in about 20% of patients with HCM, almost five times more frequent than in mutation carriers. HighT2 on CMRi may identify a group of particularly vulnerable patients, supporting the concept that HighT2 reflects an active disease state, prone to additional injury after a short episode of high oxygen demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle Michels
- Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Verheugt
- Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeannette Bakker
- Radiology, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Fouraux
- Clinical Chemistry, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Kofflard
- Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Brouwer
- Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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7
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Pelissari DM, Kuhleis DC, Bartholomay P, Barreira D, Oliveira CLP, de Jesus RS, Possa LA, Jarczewski CA, Nemeth LT, de Araujo ND, Alves PBL, de Souza R, Arakaki D, Dal Molin DB, Werlang P, Brouwer M. Prevalence and screening of active tuberculosis in a prison in the South of Brazil. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:1166-1171. [PMID: 30236184 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in Brazil, particularly among prison inmates. OBJECTIVE To assess TB prevalence by active case finding in a public prison in southern Brazil. DESIGN Prison inmates were screened for TB using the presence of cough and chest X-ray (CXR) from October 2014 to August 2016. Presence of cough, irrespective of duration, and abnormal CXRs were further investigated using laboratory tests. RESULTS Of 10 326 inmates screened, 196 had confirmed TB (1898/100 000 inmates screened). At the first screening, 1759 inmates presented with cough only, 16 of whom had TB; among those with only abnormal CXR (n = 1273), 92 had TB. Xpert was positive in 155 patients, and negative in 15; these results were confirmed using culture. The remaining 26 patients did not undergo Xpert testing and were confirmed using microscopy (27%), culture (42%) or both (31%). CONCLUSION The combined use of symptom screening (cough) and CXR was much more effective in maximising TB yield than using either method alone. If patients presenting with cough alone had not been investigated, 10% of TB patients would have been missed; if those with abnormal CXR but no cough had not been investigated, 51% of TB patients would have been missed. We detected high TB prevalence in this prison by using active case finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Pelissari
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - D C Kuhleis
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - P Bartholomay
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | | | - C L P Oliveira
- Health Prison Team, Central Prison of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - R S de Jesus
- Health Prison Team, Central Prison of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - L A Possa
- Health Prison Team, Central Prison of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - C A Jarczewski
- State Tuberculosis Programme, State Health Secretary, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L T Nemeth
- EDGE Funders Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N D de Araujo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasilia DF, Brazil, United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime Health Development Programme, Vienna, Austria
| | - P B L Alves
- United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime Health Development Programme, Vienna, Austria, Secretaria de Estado da Segurança Pública e da Paz Social do Distrito Federal, Brasilia DF
| | - R de Souza
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - D Arakaki
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - D B Dal Molin
- Associação Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P Werlang
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - M Brouwer
- PHTB Consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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8
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Jia S, Guan C, Yuan J, Cao X, Qin L, Li Y, Li Z, Nie S, Hou S, Zhang M, Brouwer M, Suryapranata H, Xu B, Gao R. Two-year safety evaluation of a biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent with increased drug elution and polymer absorption kinetics in complex patient and lesion cohort. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 95:206-215. [PMID: 30990245 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present report was to compare 2-year safety outcomes of two biodegradable polymer (BP) sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) with different drug eluting and polymer absorption kinetics in a subgroup of complex patients and lesions. BACKGROUND The previously published PANDA III study showed the BuMA BP SES, with faster drug elution and polymer absorption, was non-inferior to the Excel SES in target lesion failure (TLF). METHODS In PANDA III trial, patients who fulfilled one or more of the following criteria were included: Small vessel disease (reference vessel diameter ≤ 2.5 mm); long lesion (lesion length ≥ 20 mm); chronic total occlusion lesion; and diabetic patients. RESULTS Among 2,348 patients randomly assigned to treatment with BuMA (n = 1,174) or Excel SES (n = 1,174) in the PANDA III study, 858 in the BuMA group and 855 in the Excel group satisfied the inclusion criteria. At 2-year follow-up, the incidence of definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) was significantly lower with BuMA SES as compared with Excel SES (0.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.03). This difference was mainly caused by decreased subacute stent thrombosis rate (0% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.03). In patients who did not fulfill the complex patient and lesion criteria, there were no between-group difference in ST (0.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.50). Myocardial infarction and TLF rates were similar (5.7% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.79 and 8.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.34, respectively), whereas patient-oriented composite endpoint was higher with BuMA SES mainly due to high risk of revascularization (15.6% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.01; 8.4% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Two-year subgroup analysis of the all-comer PANDA III trial revealed the increased safety benefit of the BuMA SES is more prominently seen in complex patient and lesion population. CLINICAL TRIAL ClinicalTrial.gov, Identifier-NCT02017275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changdong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA 252 Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan St. John's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanquan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Statistical Analysis, China Cardiovascular Research Foundation Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistical Analysis, China Cardiovascular Research Foundation Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Suryapranata
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Van Vugt S, Westra S, Volleberg R, Focks JJ, Evertz R, Hemels M, Beukema R, de Asmundis C, Brouwer M, Chierchia JB. TIMING OF HOLTER DETECTED RECURRENCES DURING FOLLOW-UP AFTER CRYOBALLOON ABLATION FOR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: IN SEARCH OF THE OPTIMAL FOLLOW-UP TIMEPOINT. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)30988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Thannhauser J, Nas J, Gantevoort S, Rebergen D, Meinsma G, Zwart H, Boer MJD, van Royen N, Bonnes J, Brouwer M. Future directions in resuscitation care: Towards early detection of myocardial infarction through a novel approach of VF-waveform analysis. Resuscitation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Andreotti F, Kołodziejczak M, Schulze V, Wolff G, Dias S, Claessen B, Brouwer M, Tarantini G, Iliceto S, Brockmeyer M, Kowalewski M, Lin Y, Eikelboom J, Musumeci G, Lee L, Lip GYH, Valgimigli M, Berti S, Kelm M, Navarese EP. Comparative efficacy and safety of anticoagulant strategies for acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:933-44. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryInternational guidelines differ in strengths of recommendation for anticoagulation strategies in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We performed a comprehensive network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of parenteral anticoagulants in ACS. MEDLINE, Cochrane, EM-BASE, Google Scholar, major cardiology websites, and abstracts/presentations were searched. Six treatments were identified: 1) unfractionated heparin (UFH) + glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) [UFH+GPI], 2) UFH±GPI, 3) bivalirudin, 4) low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), 5) otamixaban, and 6) fondaparinux. Prespecified outcomes (death, myocardial infarction [MI], revascularisation, major bleeding [MB], minor bleeding, and stent thrombosis [ST]) were evaluated up to 30 days. Forty-two RCTs involving 117,353 patients were included. No significant differences in mortality rates were found among strategies. Compared to UFH+GPI, bivalirudin reduced the odds of MB but increased the odds of ST and MI. LMWHs vs bivalirudin reduced MI risk at the price of MB excess. UFH±GPI significantly increased the odds of MI vs LMWHs, of ST vs UFH+GPI, and of MB vs bivalirudin. Reduced ST risk with otamixaban vs UFH±GPI and vs bivalirudin was offset by a marked 2.5- to four-fold MB excess. Fondaparinux showed an intermediate profile. Results for ST-segment elevation MI were consistent with the overall findings. Early anticoagulant strategies for ACS differ in efficacy and safety, with UFH+GPI and LMWHs reducing ischaemic but increasing bleeding risk, and bivalirudin reducing MB but increases MI and ST. The findings support individualised therapy based on patients´ bleeding and ischaemic risks.
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Kumwenda M, Nyang'wa BT, Chikuse B, Biseck T, Maosa S, Chilembwe A, Dimba A, Mpunga J, Shaw C, Brouwer M. The second sputum sample complicates tuberculosis diagnosis for women: a qualitative study from Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21:1258-1263. [PMID: 29297446 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING District hospital and peripheral health care facilities in Balaka District, Malawi. OBJECTIVE To identify barriers encountered by women in submitting a second sputum sample. DESIGN Focus-group discussions and semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Women encounter barriers at several levels: personal, cultural, socio-economic and health care system. Personal, cultural and socio-economic barriers include the fear of a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, the perception and condition of the patient, the distance and cost of travel to a health care facility, the subordinate position of women in household decision-making and the social support that women receive. Barriers at the health care system level include high patient numbers, staff shortages, the duration of the TB diagnostic process as well as the uncaring attitude and poor communication of health care workers. These barriers may apply not only to the submission of the second sample, but to health care access in general. CONCLUSION Women face multiple barriers in submitting a second sputum sample. These do not operate in isolation but instead compound each other. Although potential solutions to overcome these barriers are recognised, some have yet to be adopted. To improve TB case finding, innovative and community approaches should be adopted more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumwenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Helse Nord TB Initiative, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - B-T Nyang'wa
- Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK; University College London, London, UK
| | - B Chikuse
- District Health Office, Balaka, Malawi
| | - T Biseck
- District Health Office, Balaka, Malawi
| | - S Maosa
- Sue Ryder Foundation in Malawi, Balaka, Malawi
| | - A Chilembwe
- Sue Ryder Foundation in Malawi, Balaka, Malawi
| | - A Dimba
- Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J Mpunga
- Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - C Shaw
- Target Tuberculosis, Brighton, UK
| | - M Brouwer
- PHTB Consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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13
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Koelman D, Kremer P, Lees J, Brouwer M, Bentley S, van de Beek D. Bacterial hypervirulence in haemophilus influenzae meningitis identified by whole genome sequencing. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Kloek A, Brouwer M, Schmand B, Tanck M, van de Beek D. Long-term cognitive sequelae and quality of life after pneumococcal meningitis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fritz D, van de Beek D, Booij J, Brouwer M. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Koopmans M, Brouwer M, Valls Seron M, Jaspers V, Lee J, van de Beek D. Characterization of a listeria monocytogenes meningitis mouse model. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Blok L, Bakker MI, Straetemans M, Gerstel L, Brouwer M, Stevens R, Kamineni VV, Ramis O. Should active case-finding projects increase the number of tuberculosis cases notified at national level? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21:475. [PMID: 28284270 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Blok
- Royal Tropical Institute (KIT-Health), Amsterdam
| | - M I Bakker
- Royal Tropical Institute (KIT-Health), Amsterdam
| | | | - L Gerstel
- Royal Tropical Institute (KIT-Health), Amsterdam
| | - M Brouwer
- PHTB consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Vugt SV, Aarts G, Focks JJ, Bloem L, Verheugt F, Brouwer M. NOVEL APPROACH FOR RISK DIFFERENTIATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS WITH POLYPHARMACY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mbonze NB, Tabala M, Wenzi LK, Bakoko B, Brouwer M, Creswell J, Van Rie A, Behets F, Yotebieng M. Xpert(®) MTB/RIF for smear-negative presumptive TB: impact on case notification in DR Congo. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 20:240-6. [PMID: 26792478 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The impact of Xpert(®) MTB/RIF as a follow-on diagnostic test after smear microscopy on tuberculosis (TB) notification has not yet been well defined. DESIGN Quasi-experimental design with 86 evaluation and 49 control clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Smear microscopy was supported at all 135 clinics, Xpert was placed in 15 evaluation clinics and a sputum transport system was implemented for 25 satellite clinics. The number of cases notified before and during the project (July 2012-June 2013) was obtained from the National TB Program. RESULTS Of 27,147 presumptive TB cases presenting in clinics with access to Xpert, 5922 (21.8%) were smear-positive. Of 18,636 individuals with ⩾ 3 negative microscopy results, 6920 (37.1%) underwent Xpert testing, 991 (14.3%) of whom tested positive. The number of bacteriologically positive cases increased equally in evaluation clinics (15.1%, 95%CI -2.3 to 32.6) and control clinics (13.6%, 95%CI 2.6-29.3), for a difference in increase of 1.5% (95%CI -28.8 to 31.8). There was no difference in the change in smear-negative cases (-42.4%, 95%CI -111.5 to 26.6), nor in all types of TB notified (-6.1%, 95%CI -32.5 to 20.4) between the evaluation and control clinics. CONCLUSION In part due to a restrictive algorithm, Xpert as follow-on to smear microscopy did not increase the overall number of TB notifications, nor the number of bacteriologically positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Mbonze
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - M Tabala
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - L K Wenzi
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - B Bakoko
- Provincial Coordination of the National TB Programme, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - M Brouwer
- Public Health, TB and HIV Consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - J Creswell
- Stop TB Partnership, Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Van Rie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - F Behets
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Yotebieng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Zwart S, Hogervorst M, Brouwer M, Rodrigues A, Hameetman L, El Ghalbzouri A. 549 In vitro superficial and full thickness wound models to study re-epithelialization processes. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Khanal S, Baral S, Shrestha P, Puri M, Kandel S, Lamichanne B, Elsey H, Brouwer M, Goel S, Chinnakali P. Yield of intensified tuberculosis case-finding activities using Xpert(®) MTB/RIF among risk groups in Nepal. Public Health Action 2016; 6:136-41. [PMID: 27358808 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Twenty-two districts of Nepal, where intensified case-finding (ICF) activities for tuberculosis (TB) were implemented among risk groups under the TB REACH initiative in collaboration with the National TB Programme from July 2013 to November 2015. OBJECTIVES To assess the yield of TB screening using an algorithm with smear microscopy followed by Xpert(®) MTB/RIF. DESIGN A descriptive study using routinely collected data. RESULTS Of 145 679 individuals screened, 28 574 (19.6%) had presumptive TB; 1239 (4.3%) of these were diagnosed with TB and 1195 (96%) were initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment. The yield of screening was highest among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) (6.1%), followed by household contacts (3.5%) and urban slum dwellers (0.5%). Among other risk groups, such as prisoners, factory workers, refugees and individuals with diabetes, the yield was less than 0.5%. The number needed to screen to diagnose an active TB case was 17 for PLHIV, 29 for household contacts and 197 for urban slum dwellers. Of 11 525 patients from ICF and the routine programme, 112 (1%) were diagnosed with multidrug-resistant TB. CONCLUSION There was a substantial yield of TB cases among risk groups such as PLHIV and household contacts. Although the yield in urban slum dwellers was found to be moderate, some intervention should nonetheless be targeted because of the large population and poor access to care in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khanal
- Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Baral
- Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Shrestha
- Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Puri
- Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Kandel
- Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Lamichanne
- National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - H Elsey
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Science, Leeds, UK
| | - M Brouwer
- PHTB Consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - S Goel
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Chinnakali
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Gommans F, Cramer E, Bakker J, Michels M, Dieker HJ, Fouraux M, Marcelis C, Timmermans J, Verheugt F, Brouwer M, Kofflard M. MYOCARDIAL EDEMA ASSESSED WITH T2-WEIGHTED CMR IMAGING AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH RISK IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)31508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brouwer M, Coelho E, das Dores Mosse C, van Leth F. Implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control in Mozambican health care facilities. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:44-9. [PMID: 25519789 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING District and urban health care facilities in three provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete) in central Mozambique. OBJECTIVE To assess the level of implementation of selected tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) measures. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study of TB-IPC implementation in 29 health care facilities, we assessed TB clinics, laboratories, out-patient departments and medical and TB wards. Assessment included selected managerial, administrative and environmental measures and the availability and use of respiratory protective equipment (N95 respirators). RESULTS Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of (presumptive) TB patients were not present in all facilities. Staff instructed patients on sputum collection in 91%, but only 4% observed it. Using a pragmatic '20% rule', 52% of the rooms assessed had adequate ventilation. Potentially, this could be increased to 76%. Three quarters of the health care workers had N95 respirators. Only 36% knew how to use it correctly. CONCLUSION Implementation of TB-IPC measures showed wide variations within health care facilities. Relatively simple measures to improve TB-IPC include the availability of guidelines, opening doors and windows to improve ventilation, and training and support on correct N95 respirator use. However, even relatively simple measures are challenging to implement, and require careful attention in and evaluation of the implementation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brouwer
- Health Alliance International, Technical Assistance Unit, Maputo, Mozambique; PHTB Consult, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - E Coelho
- Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - F van Leth
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Navarese EP, Andreotti F, Schulze V, Kołodziejczak M, Buffon A, Brouwer M, Costa F, Kowalewski M, Parati G, Lip GYH, Kelm M, Valgimigli M. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2015; 350:h1618. [PMID: 25883067 PMCID: PMC4410620 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the benefits and risks of short term (<12 months) or extended (>12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus standard 12 month therapy, following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents. DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and major congress proceedings, searched from 1 January 2002 to 16 February 2015. REVIEW METHODS Trials comparing short term (<12 months) or extended (>12 months) DAPT regimens with standard 12 month duration of therapy. Primary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, major bleeding, and all cause mortality. RESULTS 10 randomised controlled trials (n=32,287) were included. Compared to 12 month DAPT, a short term course of therapy was associated with a significant reduction in major bleeding (odds ratio 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.92); P=0.02) with no significant differences in ischaemic or thrombotic outcomes. Extended versus 12 month DAPT yielded a significant reduction in the odds of myocardial infarction (0.53 (0.42 to 0.66); P<0.001) and stent thrombosis (0.33 (0.21 to 0.51); P<0.001), but more major bleeding (1.62 (1.26 to 2.09); P<0.001). All cause but not cardiovascular death was also significantly increased (1.30 (1.02 to 1.66); P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Compared with a standard 12 month duration, short term DAPT (<12 months) after drug eluting stent implementation yields reduced bleeding with no apparent increase in ischaemic complications, and could be considered for most patients. In selected patients with low bleeding risk and very high ischaemic risk, extended DAPT (>12 months) could be considered. The increase in all cause but not cardiovascular death with extended DAPT requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano Pio Navarese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felicita Andreotti
- Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Volker Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michalina Kołodziejczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus, Toruń, Poland
| | - Antonino Buffon
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University, Rome, Italy Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre St Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariusz Kowalewski
- Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany Department of Cardiology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Department of Cardiology, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE research network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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van der Kolk NM, Overeem S, de Vries NM, Kessels RPC, Donders R, Brouwer M, Berg D, Post B, Bloem BR. Design of the Park-in-Shape study: a phase II double blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of exercise on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:56. [PMID: 25880966 PMCID: PMC4418070 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Despite optimal medical management, PD still results in a high disability rate and secondary complications and many patients lead a sedentary lifestyle, which in turn is also associated with a higher co-morbidity and mortality. Exercise has been explored as a strategy to reduce secondary complications and results suggests that it not only provides general health benefits, but may also provide symptomatic relief. If this holds true exercise would be a very attractive addition to the therapeutic arsenal in PD. The supportive evidence remains incomplete. Here, we describe the design of the Park-in-Shape study, which primarily aims to evaluate whether aerobic exercise affords clinically relevant improvements in motor symptoms in sedentary PD patients. A specific new element is the introduction of gaming to optimize compliance to the exercise intervention. Methods/Design The Park-in-Shape study is a randomized controlled, assessor- and patient-blinded single center study. Two parallel groups will include a total of 130 patients, receiving either aerobic exercise on a home trainer equipped with gaming elements (“exergaming”), or a non-aerobic intervention (stretching, flexibility and relaxation exercises). Both groups are supported by a specifically designed motivational app that uses gaming elements to stimulate patients to exercise and rewards them after having completed the exercise. Both interventions are delivered at home at least 3 times a week for 30–45 minutes during 6 months. Eligible patients are community-dwelling, sedentary patients diagnosed with mild-moderate PD. The primary outcome is the MDS-UPDRS motor score (tested in the off state) after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include various motor and non-motor symptoms, quality of life, physical fitness, and adherence. Discussion This Park-in-Shape study is anticipated to answer the question whether high intensity aerobic exercise combined with gaming elements (“exergaming”) provides symptomatic relief in PD. Strong elements include the double-blinded randomized controlled trial design, the MDS-UPDRS as valid primary outcome, the large sample size and unique combination of home-based pure aerobic exercise combined with gaming elements and motivational aspects. Trial registration Dutch trial register NTR4743
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolien M van der Kolk
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan Overeem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke M de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rogier Donders
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bart Post
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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van Dijk A, Naaijkens BA, Jurgens WJFM, Oerlemans R, Scheffer GL, Kassies J, Aznou J, Brouwer M, van Rossum AC, Schuurhuis GJ, van Milligen FJ, Niessen HWM. The multidrug resistance protein breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) protects adipose-derived stem cells against ischemic damage. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:303-15. [PMID: 22801743 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy, like after myocardial infarction. However, when transplanted into the infarcted heart, ASCs are jeopardized by the ischemic environment. Interestingly, it has been shown that multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins like the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) have a protective effect in haematopoietic stem cells. In ASC, however, only expression of BCRP was shown until now. In this study, we therefore analysed the expression and functional activity of BCRP and P-gp and their putative function in ischemia in ASC. BCRP and P-gp protein expression was studied over time (passages 2-6) using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. MDR activity was analysed using protein-specific substrate extrusion assays. Ischemia was induced using metabolic inhibition. All analyses demonstrated protein expression and activity of BCRP in ASCs. In contrast, only minor expression of P-gp was found, without functional activity. BCRP expression was most prominent in early passage ASCs (p2) and decreased during culture. Finally, ischemia induced expression of BCRP. In addition, when BCRP was blocked, a significant increase in dead ASCs was found already after 1 h of ischemia. In conclusion, ASCs expressed BCRP, especially in early passages. In addition, we now show for the first time that BCRP protects ASCs against ischemia-induced cell death. These data therefore indicate that for transplantation of ASCs in an ischemic environment, like myocardial infarction, the optimal stem cell protective effect of BCRP theoretically will be achieved with early culture passages ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Dieker HJ, Aengevaeren WR, French J, Huber K, Brouwer M, Verheugt F. EARLY STENTING VERSUS CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT AFTER SUCCESSFUL FIBRINOLYSIS FOR STEMI: RESULTS OF THE RANDOMIZED ANGIOGRAPHIC APRICOT-3 TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(12)60374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samo Gudo P, Cuna Z, Coelho E, Maungate S, Borroni E, Miotto P, Ahmadova S, Brouwer M, Migliori GB, Zignol M, Cirillo DM. Is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis on the rise in Mozambique? Results of a national drug resistance survey. Eur Respir J 2012; 38:222-4. [PMID: 21719501 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00182010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van Wely M, Gehlmann H, Cramer E, Bonnes J, Verheugt F, Suryapranata H, de Boer MJ, Brouwer M. AS10 AutoPulse facilitated resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as a brigde to coronary intervention. Resuscitation 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(11)70011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dangre AJ, Manning S, Brouwer M. Effects of cadmium on hypoxia-induced expression of hemoglobin and erythropoietin in larval sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. Aquat Toxicol 2010; 99:168-175. [PMID: 20447699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and toxic metals are two common stressors found in the estuarine environment. To date little information is available on the combined effects of these stressors on early larval development in fish. We investigated the effect of cadmium and hypoxia exposure alone as well in combination on larval Cyprinodon variegatus. The LC(10) for cadmium was determined to be 0.3 ppm in a 96 h acute exposure. This concentration was used in all studies. Cadmium in larvae increased significantly with exposure time (1, 3, 5 and 7 days post-hatch). The increase was proportional to body weight and not affected by hypoxia. Cadmium responsive genes were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) in Cyprinodon variegatus larvae after exposure to cadmium for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. We obtained over 700 sequences from the cadmium cDNA library. Blast search of ESTs suggested that cadmium modulates multiple physiological processes. Pertinent to this study, cadmium was found to down-regulate both embryonic alpha and beta globin, which are expressed in erythrocytes generated during the first, or primitive, wave of erythropoiesis in teleosts. Hemoglobin (Hb) and erythropoietin (Epo) (the hormone that promotes red blood cell production) are known hypoxia-inducible genes. To explore the possibility that cadmium might offset the hypoxia-induced expression of Hb and Epo, we investigated the expression of both genes following hypoxia, cadmium and combined exposures for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post-hatch. Since Epo had not yet been identified in C. variegatus we first successfully cloned a partial coding sequence of the C. variegatus hormone. Subsequent studies revealed that expression levels of Hb and Epo remained unchanged in the normoxic controls during the time course of the study. Hypoxia increased Epo expression relative to normoxic controls, on days 3, 5 and 7, while cadmium in hypoxia inhibited the increase. Only the changes on days 5 and 7 were statistically significant. Hypoxia also lead to a modest, but significant induction of Hb after 5 days. However, in spite of the Cd-induced down-regulation of Epo on day 5, Cd did not affect the hypoxia-induced expression of embryonic Hb at this time point. It appears therefore that Epo has only limited effect on primitive erythropoiesis in C. variegatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dangre
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
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Brouwer M, Merkus P. Step-up therapy for children with uncontrolled asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Breathe (Sheff) 2010. [DOI: 10.1183/18106838.0604.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Miraziz R, Hines L, Brouwer M, Steel R, Klineberg P. Bridging circuit for the resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma involving the aorta and the IVC- veno-venous to veno-arterial perfusion. Perfusion 2008; 23:65-9. [PMID: 18788220 DOI: 10.1177/0267659108093879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 50-year-old female underwent surgery for removal of a massive retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) involving the right hepatic lobe and the inferior vena cava (IVC), abdominal aorta, right lung, right hemi-diaphragm and pericardium. Resection of the RPS necessitated cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta, IVC and the hepatic artery. Cross-clamp time cannot be predicted prior to tumour resection and vascular re-construction. To prevent complications of prolonged cross-clamp time and distal hypo-perfusion, circulatory support was sought to facilitate the procedure. A perfusion circuit was designed to accommodate an easy and immediate redirection of blood flow from venovenous bypass (VVB) to veno-arterial bypass (VAB) without requiring a change of circuit and with minimum heparin administration. Furthermore, this circuit provides the added safety of an oxygenator and a heat-exchanger. Utilising the circuit enabled successful resection of the RPS. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) seven days later without any post-operative complications. This case report of a design of a perfusion circuit for the resection of RPS made use of a perfusion approach that had not previously been described and allowed for a reduction in the duration of ischaemic time and retroperitoneal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Miraziz
- Department of Perfusion, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Lesterhuis WJ, de Vries IJ, Schuurhuis D, Scharenborg N, Brouwer M, de Boer A, Figdor C, Ruers T, Adema G, Punt CJ. Vaccination of colorectal cancer patients with carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-loaded dendritic cells. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Brouwer
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. de Boer
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Figdor
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Ruers
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Adema
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. J. Punt
- Univ Medcl Ctr Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Van Hemelrijck W, Brouwer M, Wouters PF, De Bolle MF, Cammue BP, Delaure SL. Inhibition of SFO1, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase from Arabidopsis, increases susceptibility to both host and non-host pathogenic fungi. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2005; 70:5-9. [PMID: 16366264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Van Hemelrijck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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Lievens B, Brouwer M, Vanachter ACRC, Cammue BPA, Thomma BPHJ. Rapid detection and identification of tomato vascular wilt pathogens using a DNA array. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2003; 68:569-81. [PMID: 15151292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and Verticillium wilt, caused by either Verticillium albo-atrum or V. dahliae, are devastating diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) found worldwide. Monitoring is the cornerstone of integrated pest management of any disease. The lack of rapid, accurate, and reliable means by which plant pathogens can be detected and identified is one of the main limitations in integrated disease management. In this paper, we describe the development of a molecular detection system, based on DNA array technology, for rapid and efficient detection of these vascular wilt pathogens. We demonstrate that by using this array these pathogens can be detected within 24 h from complex substrates like soil, plant material, and samples as they are collected by tomato growers in their greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lievens
- Scientia Terrae Research Institute, Fortsesteenweg 30A, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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Engel DW, Brouwer M, Mercaldo-Allen R. Effects of molting and environmental factors on trace metal body-burdens and hemocyanin concentrations in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Mar Environ Res 2001; 52:257-269. [PMID: 11570806 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(01)00098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin concentrations in the hemolymph of marine crustacea are dependent on the molt cycle and on environmental conditions. Studies in our laboratories have found that hemocyanin levels in blue crabs are reduced after ecdysis and under conditions of environmental stress (Engel, Brouwer, & McKenna, 1993. Hemocyanin concentrations in marine crustaceans as a function of environmental conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 93, 233-244). We have extended those studies to include the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Hemolymph and digestive gland tissues from Long Island Sound lobsters were analyzed for hemocyanin, copper, and zinc during different stages of the molt cycle. Hemocyanin, copper and zinc in the hemolymph were highest in premolt stages (D1-D4), and lowest in the postecdysal papershell stages (B1-B2). Concomitantly, copper in digestive glands decreased significantly following ecdysis, but no significant changes in the metals bound to metallothionein (MT) were observed. Copper-MT was the predominant form throughout the molt cycle, presumably because lobsters were obtained from copper-contaminated areas. To examine the effects of environmental factors, intermolt lobsters were collected from locations of different environmental quality along the Atlantic coast, and were analyzed for hemocyanin and trace metals. In general, animals from areas with a history of contamination showed the highest hemocyanin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Engel
- NOAA, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
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Cheek AO, Brouwer TH, Carroll S, Manning S, McLachlan JA, Brouwer M. Experimental evaluation of vitellogenin as a predictive biomarker for reproductive disruption. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109:681-90. [PMID: 11485866 PMCID: PMC1240371 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.01109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in male oviparous vertebrates is used as an indicator of environmental estrogen exposure, but the relationship between elevated VTG levels and the effects of environmental estrogens on reproductive success are poorly understood. To examine whether altered VTG expression predicts reproductive impairment, we exposed medaka (Oryzias latipes) for 2 or 8 weeks posthatch to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 7.5 ppb of the environmental estrogen o,p'-DDT. Fish were sampled 2, 4, and 8 weeks after hatch to examine VTG expression and gonad development. After exposure, fish were transferred to clean water, grown to sexual maturity, and placed in mating pairs. We collected eggs for 7 days and scored them for fecundity (number of eggs), fertility (percent fertilized), and hatching success (percent hatched). DDT had no effect on VTG expression after a 2-week exposure, whereas all doses induced VTG after 8 weeks. At both exposure durations, the highest doses of DDT caused a female-skewed sex ratio in adults. Gonadal feminization appeared to be progressive: some ovotestes were observed after 2- or 4-week exposure to the two highest doses, but the proportion of ovaries increased after 8 weeks. Both 2- and 8-week exposures significantly reduced fertility and hatching success at all doses, with lower doses having a greater effect after longer exposure. Fertility and hatching success were more sensitive to estrogenic disruption than were gonad differentiation and vitellogenin expression. We suggest that VTG expression may be interpreted as a warning of reproductive consequences, but absence of expression cannot be interpreted as absence of consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Cheek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA.
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Tierens KF, Thomma BP, Brouwer M, Schmidt J, Kistner K, Porzel A, Mauch-Mani B, Cammue BP, Broekaert WF. Study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of Arabidopsis to microbial pathogens. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11299350 DOI: 10.2307/4279801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Crude aqueous extracts from Arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus Neurospora crassa as a test organism. Two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same abundance in leaves from untreated plants versus leaves from plants challenge inoculated with the fungus Alternaria brassicicola. One of both major antimicrobial fractions was purified to homogeneity and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry as 4-methylsulphinylbutyl isothiocyanate (ITC). This compound has previously been described as a product of myrosinase-mediated breakdown of glucoraphanin, the predominant glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. 4-Methylsulphinylbutyl ITC was found to be inhibitory to a wide range of fungi and bacteria, producing 50% growth inhibition in vitro at concentrations of 28 microM for the most sensitive organism tested (Pseudomonas syringae). A previously identified glucosinolate biosynthesis mutant, gsm1-1, was found to be largely deficient in either of the two major antimicrobial compounds, including 4-methylsulphinylbutyl ITC. The resistance of gsm1-1 was compared with that of wild-type plants after challenge with the fungi A. brassicicola, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, or Peronospora parasitica, or the bacteria Erwinia carotovora or P. syringae. Of the tested pathogens, only F. oxysporum was found to be significantly more aggressive on gsm1-1 than on wild-type plants. Taken together, our data suggest that glucosinolate-derived antimicrobial ITCs can play a role in the protection of Arabidopsis against particular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Tierens
- F.A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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Tierens KF, Thomma BP, Brouwer M, Schmidt J, Kistner K, Porzel A, Mauch-Mani B, Cammue BP, Broekaert WF. Study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of Arabidopsis to microbial pathogens. Plant Physiol 2001; 125:1688-99. [PMID: 11299350 PMCID: PMC88826 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.4.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Crude aqueous extracts from Arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus Neurospora crassa as a test organism. Two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same abundance in leaves from untreated plants versus leaves from plants challenge inoculated with the fungus Alternaria brassicicola. One of both major antimicrobial fractions was purified to homogeneity and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry as 4-methylsulphinylbutyl isothiocyanate (ITC). This compound has previously been described as a product of myrosinase-mediated breakdown of glucoraphanin, the predominant glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. 4-Methylsulphinylbutyl ITC was found to be inhibitory to a wide range of fungi and bacteria, producing 50% growth inhibition in vitro at concentrations of 28 microM for the most sensitive organism tested (Pseudomonas syringae). A previously identified glucosinolate biosynthesis mutant, gsm1-1, was found to be largely deficient in either of the two major antimicrobial compounds, including 4-methylsulphinylbutyl ITC. The resistance of gsm1-1 was compared with that of wild-type plants after challenge with the fungi A. brassicicola, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, or Peronospora parasitica, or the bacteria Erwinia carotovora or P. syringae. Of the tested pathogens, only F. oxysporum was found to be significantly more aggressive on gsm1-1 than on wild-type plants. Taken together, our data suggest that glucosinolate-derived antimicrobial ITCs can play a role in the protection of Arabidopsis against particular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Tierens
- F.A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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Messele T, Rinke de Wit TF, Brouwer M, Aklilu M, Birru T, Fontanet AL, Schuitemaker H, Hamann D. No difference in in vitro susceptibility to HIV type 1 between high-risk HIV-negative Ethiopian commercial sex workers and low-risk control subjects. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001; 17:433-41. [PMID: 11282012 DOI: 10.1089/088922201750102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors such as increased beta-chemokine production, HIV-1 coreceptor expression level, and HIV-1 coreceptor polymorphism have been thought to influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. To determine the protective role of these factors in Ethiopians who remained HIV-1 uninfected, despite multiple high-risk sexual exposures, we studied 21 Ethiopian women who had been employed as commercial sex workers (CSWs) for five or more years. The HIV-1-resistant CSWs were compared with low-risk age-matched female controls who had a comparable CD4+ cell percentage and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Genetic polymorphism in the CCR5, CCR2b, or SDF-1 genes appeared not to be associated with resistance in the Ethiopian CSWs. Expression levels of CCR5 and CXCR4 on naive, memory, and total CD4+ T cells tended to be higher in the resistant CSWs, while the production of beta-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was lower compared with low-risk HIV-1 negative controls. In vitro susceptibility of PHA-stimulated PBMCs to primary, CCR5-restricted, Ethiopian HIV-1 isolates was comparable between resistant CSWs and low-risk controls. In vitro susceptibility was positively correlated to CD4+ cell mean fluorescence intensity and negatively correlated to CCR5 expression levels, suggesting that infection of PBMCs was primarily dependent on expression levels of CD4 and that CCR5 expression, above a certain threshold, did not further increase susceptibility. Our results show that coreceptor polymorphism, coreceptor expression levels, beta-chemokine production, and cellular resistance to in vitro HIV-1 infection are not associated with protection in high-risk HIV-1-negative Ethiopian CSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Messele
- Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Messele T, Brouwer M, Girma M, Fontanet AL, Miedema F, Hamann D, Rinke de Wit TF. Plasma levels of viro-immunological markers in HIV-infected and non-infected Ethiopians: correlation with cell surface activation markers. Clin Immunol 2001; 98:212-9. [PMID: 11161977 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies were conducted to measure soluble viral and immunological markers in plasma in order to determine the prognostic value of these markers for HIV disease progression in Ethiopians and to see their association with cell surface markers in HIV-1-infected and noninfected Ethiopians. Whole blood samples were collected from 52 HIV-1-negative Ethiopians, 32 HIV-1-positive Ethiopians with absolute CD4(+) T-cell count >200/microl whole blood and no AIDS defining conditions, and 39 HIV-positive Ethiopians with CD4(+) T-cell count <200/microl and/or AIDS defining conditions. Plasma levels of b(2)-microglobulin (b(2)m), soluble CD27 (sCD27), soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor type II (sTNFR-II), IgG, IgA, IGE, and IL12 were elevated in HIV-1-infected individuals. The plasma levels of sTNFR-II, sCD27, b(2)m, IL12, and IgG were inversely correlated with numbers of CD4(+) T-cells, the proportion of naïve (CD45RA(+)CD27(+)) CD8(+) T-cells, and the proportion of CD8(+) T-cells expressing CD28 (CD8(+)CD28(+)) were positively correlated with the proportions of activated (HLA-DR(+)CD38(+)) CD4(+) T-cells, as well as activated (HLA-DR(+)CD38(+)) CD8(+) T-cells. A strong positive correlation was also observed when soluble immune markers were compared to each other. Multivariate regression analyses of soluble markers with numbers of CD4(+) T-cells showed that sCD27 is the best independent marker for CD4(+) T-cell decline in the HIV-1-infected Ethiopians. Our results indicate that measurement of soluble immune markers, which is relatively easy to perform, could be a good alternative to the quantification of T-cell subsets for monitoring HIV-1 disease progression in places where there is no facility for flow cytometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Messele
- Ethiopian-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP) at the Ethiopian Health, Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa
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Blaak H, Visser JA, Brouwer M, Rientsma R, Broersen S, Schuitemaker H. Differential coreceptor expression allows for independent evolution of non-syncytium-inducing and syncytium-inducing HIV-1. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:1569. [PMID: 11120764 PMCID: PMC381479 DOI: 10.1172/jci7953c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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McMillan D, Brady P, Menzie S, Brouwer M, Potger K, Southwell J, Carpenter R. Clinical experience with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest using ‘low dose heparin’. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.09417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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van Rij RP, Blaak H, Visser JA, Brouwer M, Rientsma R, Broersen S, de Roda Husman AM, Schuitemaker H. Differential coreceptor expression allows for independent evolution of non-syncytium-inducing and syncytium-inducing HIV-1. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:1039-52. [PMID: 11032864 PMCID: PMC314337 DOI: 10.1172/jci7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that CD45RA(+) CD4(+) T cells are infected primarily by syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1 variants, whereas CD45RO(+) CD4(+) T cells harbor both non-SI (NSI) and SI HIV-1 variants. Here, we studied evolution of tropism for CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) CD4(+) cells, coreceptor usage, and molecular phylogeny of coexisting NSI and SI HIV-1 clones that were isolated from four patients in the period spanning SI conversion. NSI variants were CCR5-restricted and could be isolated throughout infection from CD45RO(+) CD4(+) cells. SI variants seemed to evolve in CD45RO(+) CD4(+) cells, but, in time, SI HIV-1 infection of CD45RA(+) CD4(+) cells equaled infection of CD45RO(+) CD4(+) cells. In parallel with this shift, SI HIV-1 variants first used both coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4, but eventually lost the ability to use CCR5. Phylogenetically, NSI and SI HIV-1 populations diverged over time. We observed a differential expression of HIV-1 coreceptors within CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) cells, which allowed us to isolate virus from purified CCR5(+) CXCR4(-) and CCR5(-) CXCR4(+) CD4(+) cells. The CCR5(+) subset was exclusively infected by CCR5-dependent HIV-1 clones, whereas SI clones were preferentially isolated from the CXCR4(+) subset. The differential expression of HIV-1 coreceptors provides distinct cellular niches for NSI and SI HIV-1, contributing to their coexistence and independent evolutionary pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P van Rij
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, CLB Sanquin and Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Oberdörster E, Brouwer M, Hoexum-Brouwer T, Manning S, McLachlan JA. Long-term pyrene exposure of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, affects molting and reproduction of exposed males and offspring of exposed females. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108:641-6. [PMID: 10903618 PMCID: PMC1638200 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.108-1638200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term pyrene exposure on molting and reproduction in the model estuarine invertebrate, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to measured concentrations of 5.1, 15.0, and 63. 4 ppb (microg/L) pyrene for 6 weeks, during which time we determined molting and survivorship. At the end of the exposure, we immediately sacrificed some of the shrimp for biomarker (CYP1A and vitellin) analyses. The remaining shrimp were used to analyze fecundity and embryo survivorship during an additional 6 weeks after termination of pyrene exposure. Male shrimp at the highest pyrene dose (63 ppb) experienced a significant delay in molting and in time until reproduction, and showed elevated ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ECOD) activity immediately after the 6-week exposure period. In contrast, 63 ppb pyrene did not affect these parameters in female shrimp. Females produced the same number of eggs per body weight, with high egg viability (98-100%) at all exposure levels, but with decreased survival for the offspring of the 63-ppb pyrene-exposed females. In addition, vitellin levels were elevated only in females at 63 ppb pyrene after the 6-week exposure. We hypothesize that the elevated vitellin binds pyrene and keeps it biologically unavailable to adult females, resulting in maternal transfer of pyrene to the embryos. This would account for the lack of effect of pyrene exposure on ECOD activity, molting, and reproduction in the adult females, and for reduced survival of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC 29670, USA
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Brouwer M, Hoexum Brouwer T, Grater W, Syring R. Crustacea that are dependent on copper for O2 transport have a Cu-specific metallothionein and have replaced Cu/Zn-SOD with MnSOD. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)80034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Syring RA, Hoexum Brouwer T, Brouwer M. Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding for a novel copper-specific metallothionein and two cadmium-inducible metallothioneins from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2000; 125:325-32. [PMID: 11790353 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in micro-organisms, plants and all invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast have a copper-MT whose synthesis is induced by a copper-activated transcription factor. Most higher organisms have two major cadmium/zinc MT isoforms, whose synthesis is controlled by a zinc-activated transcription factor. The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, has two cadmium-inducible isoforms, CdMT-I and CdMT-II, and a third isoform, CuMT-II, which is induced by copper, but not by cadmium. The cDNA sequence of the copper-specific MT, along with those of the two CdMTs, was determined utilizing 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). CuMT-II cDNA encodes a 63 amino acid protein containing 21 cysteine residues. CdMT-I and CdMT-II cDNA encode a 58 and 57 amino acid protein, respectively, each with 18 cysteines. Molecular phylogeny analysis shows that the CdMT isoforms cluster with other crustacean CdMTs, whereas the copper-specific MT is more closely related to mollusk MTs. CuMT-II shows considerable homology to a copper-specific, non-cadmium inducible, MT from the snail, Helix pomatia. The presence of copper-specific MTs in mollusks and crustaceans, both of which are dependent on hemocyanin for oxygen transport, suggests that CuMT-II is involved in copper homeostasis associated with the synthesis and degradation of hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Syring
- Department of Coastal Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Blvd., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
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Blaak H, van't Wout AB, Brouwer M, Hooibrink B, Hovenkamp E, Schuitemaker H. In vivo HIV-1 infection of CD45RA(+)CD4(+) T cells is established primarily by syncytium-inducing variants and correlates with the rate of CD4(+) T cell decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:1269-74. [PMID: 10655520 PMCID: PMC15592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.3.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with accelerated CD4(+) T cell depletion, which might partially be explained by higher virulence of SI variants compared with NSI variants. Because NSI and SI variants use different coreceptors for entry of target cells, altered tropism might offer an explanation for increased pathogenesis associated with SI HIV-1 infection. To investigate whether SI and NSI HIV-1 variants infect different CD4(+) T cell subsets in vivo, the distribution of SI and NSI variants over CD4(+) memory (CD45RA(-)RO(+)) and naive (CD45RA(+)RO(-)) cells was studied by using limiting dilution cultures. In contrast to NSI variants that were mainly present in CD45RO(+) cells, SI variants were equally distributed over CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) cells. Infection of memory cells by both NSI and SI HIV-1 and infection of naive cells primarily by SI HIV-1 corresponded closely with the differential cell surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR5. The frequency of SI-infected CD45RA(+) CD4(+) T cells, but not the frequency of NSI- or SI-infected CD45RO(+) CD4(+) T cells, correlated with the rate of CD4(+) T cell depletion. Infection of naive cells by SI HIV-1 may interfere with CD4(+) T cell production and thus account for rapid CD4(+) T cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blaak
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, CLB, and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hussein M, Abebe A, Pollakis G, Brouwer M, Petros B, Fontanet AL, Rinke de Wit TF. HIV-1 subtype C in commerical sex workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000; 23:120-7. [PMID: 10737426 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200002010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the diversity of the current HIV-1 strains circulating in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; in addition, we have evaluated the applicability of peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for HIV-1 subtyping. Previous studies have indicated that HIV-1 subtype C is the major subtype present in HIV-positive samples collected from various risk groups between 1988 and 1995 in Addis Ababa. To assess the possible influx of new HIV-1 subtypes, 150 commercial sex workers (CSW) reporting in 1997 to two Health Centers in Addis Ababa were enrolled in an unlinked anonymous cross-sectional study. Subtyping was performed according to the World Health Organization algorithm of peptide ELISA, followed by HMA and DNA sequencing. As a result, the HIV-1 prevalence among these CSWs was found to be 45% (67 of 150). Of the 67 samples, 66 contained HIV-1 of subtype C and only one was of subtype D. This confirms the persistent overall presence of HIV-1 subtype C in Addis Ababa and a low influx of other subtypes into this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussein
- Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa.
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Gehrig PM, You C, Dallinger R, Gruber C, Brouwer M, Kägi JH, Hunziker PE. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of zinc, cadmium, and copper metallothioneins: evidence for metal-binding cooperativity. Protein Sci 2000; 9:395-402. [PMID: 10716192 PMCID: PMC2144553 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.2.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of both well-characterized and novel metallothioneins (MTs) from various species were recorded to explore their metal-ion-binding modes and stoichiometries. The ESI mass spectra of the zinc- and cadmium-binding MTs showed a single main peak corresponding to metal-to-protein ratios of 4, 6, or 7. These findings combined with data obtained by other methods suggest that these MTs bind zinc or cadmium in a single predominant form and are consistent with the presence of three- and four-metal clusters. An unstable copper-specific MT isoform from Roman snails (Helix pomatia) could be isolated intact and was shown to preferentially bind 12 copper ions. To obtain additional information on the formation and relative stability of metal-thiolate clusters in MTs, a mass spectrometric titration study was conducted. One to seven molar equivalents of zinc or of cadmium were added to metal-free human MT-2 at neutral pH, and the resulting complexes were measured by ESI mass spectrometry. These experiments revealed that the formation of the four-metal cluster and of the thermodynamically less stable three-metal cluster is sequential and largely cooperative for both zinc and cadmium. Minor intermediate forms between metal-free MT, Me4MT, and fully reconstituted Me7MT were also observed. The addition of increasing amounts of cadmium to metal-free blue crab MT-I resulted in prominent peaks whose masses were consistent with apoMT, Cd3MT, and Cd6MT, reflecting the known structure of this MT with two Me3Cys9 centers. In a similar reconstitution experiment performed with Caenorhabditis elegans MT-II, a series of signals corresponding to apoMT and Cd3MT to Cd6MT species were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Gehrig
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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