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Krontira AC, Cruceanu C, Dony L, Kyrousi C, Link MH, Rek N, Pöhlchen D, Raimundo C, Penner-Goeke S, Schowe A, Czamara D, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Sammallahti S, Wolford E, Heinonen K, Roeh S, Sportelli V, Wölfel B, Ködel M, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Räikkönen K, Labeur M, Cappello S, Binder EB. Human cortical neurogenesis is altered via glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of ZBTB16 expression. Neuron 2024; 112:1426-1443.e11. [PMID: 38442714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are important for proper organ maturation, and their levels are tightly regulated during development. Here, we use human cerebral organoids and mice to study the cell-type-specific effects of glucocorticoids on neurogenesis. We show that glucocorticoids increase a specific type of basal progenitors (co-expressing PAX6 and EOMES) that has been shown to contribute to cortical expansion in gyrified species. This effect is mediated via the transcription factor ZBTB16 and leads to increased production of neurons. A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis of an enhancer variant that moderates glucocorticoid-induced ZBTB16 levels reveals causal relationships with higher educational attainment and altered brain structure. The relationship with postnatal cognition is also supported by data from a prospective pregnancy cohort study. This work provides a cellular and molecular pathway for the effects of glucocorticoids on human neurogenesis that relates to lasting postnatal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi C Krontira
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Leander Dony
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Department for Computational Health, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Christina Kyrousi
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens 15784, Greece; University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Costas Stefanis", Athens 15601, Greece
| | - Marie-Helen Link
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Nils Rek
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Catarina Raimundo
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Signe Penner-Goeke
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Alicia Schowe
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sara Sammallahti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Elina Wolford
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Psychology/Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Vincenza Sportelli
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marta Labeur
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany.
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2
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Penner-Goeke S, Bothe M, Rek N, Kreitmaier P, Pöhlchen D, Kühnel A, Glaser LV, Kaya E, Krontira AC, Röh S, Czamara D, Ködel M, Monteserin-Garcia J, Diener L, Wölfel B, Sauer S, Rummel C, Riesenberg S, Arloth-Knauer J, Ziller M, Labeur M, Meijsing S, Binder EB. High-throughput screening of glucocorticoid-induced enhancer activity reveals mechanisms of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305773120. [PMID: 38011552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Mechanistic insight into the genetic factors moderating the impact of stress can increase our understanding of disease processes. Here, we test 3,662 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from preselected expression quantitative trait loci in massively parallel reporter assays to identify genetic variants that modulate the activity of regulatory elements sensitive to glucocorticoids, important mediators of the stress response. Of the tested SNP sequences, 547 were located in glucocorticoid-responsive regulatory elements of which 233 showed allele-dependent activity. Transcripts regulated by these functional variants were enriched for those differentially expressed in psychiatric disorders in the postmortem brain. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis in 4,439 phenotypes revealed potentially causal associations specifically in neurobehavioral traits, including major depression and other psychiatric disorders. Finally, a functional gene score derived from these variants was significantly associated with differences in the physiological stress response, suggesting that these variants may alter disease risk by moderating the individual set point of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Penner-Goeke
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Melissa Bothe
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Nils Rek
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Peter Kreitmaier
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Laura V Glaser
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ezgi Kaya
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Anthi C Krontira
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Simone Röh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Jose Monteserin-Garcia
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Laura Diener
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Stephan Riesenberg
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Janine Arloth-Knauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Michael Ziller
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Marta Labeur
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Meijsing
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
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3
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Abstract
TMEFF2 is a transmembrane protein with unknown function, containing an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, two follistatin-like domains, and a cytosolic tail with a putative G-protein-activating motif. TMEFF2 is predominantly expressed in brain and prostate and has been implicated in cell signaling, neuronal cell survival, and tumor suppression. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in pituitary corticotrope cells inhibits the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the production of intracellular cAMP, and CREB, and transcription of Pomc. Regulation of the activity of CRH by TMEFF2 requires neither the cytoplasmic tail nor the EGF domain, while deletion of the follistatin modules abolishes the inhibitory function of TMEFF2. Moreover, a soluble secreted protein containing the complete extracellular domain is sufficient for inhibition of CRH signaling. TMEFF2-induced inhibition depends on serum components. Furthermore, TMEFF2 regulates the non-canonical activin/BMP4 signaling, PI3K, and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TMEFF2 inhibits the CRH signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, contributing to a significant inhibition of transcription of Pomc. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in human Cushing's adenoma is reduced when compared with normal human pituitary, which may indicate that TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in these adenomas. Furthermore, the overexpression of TMEFF2 decreased proliferation of corticotrope cells. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic use of TMEFF2 or factors that stimulate the activity of TMEFF2 for the treatment of corticotrope tumors in order to reduce their secretion of ACTH and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
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4
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Castillo V, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla J, Gallelli MF, Cabrera-Blatter MF, Haedo MR, Labeur M, Schmid HA, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Effect of SOM230 (pasireotide) on corticotropic cells: action in dogs with Cushing's disease. Neuroendocrinology 2011; 94:124-36. [PMID: 21525729 DOI: 10.1159/000327429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SOM230 (pasireotide) is a multiligand somatostatin (SRIF) analog able to bind to somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 1, 2, 3 and 5, and trigger antisecretory and antiproliferative signaling cascades. Canines have become in vivo models to test the pharmacological treatment of corticotropinomas because they frequently develop Cushing's disease in a spontaneous manner, due to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenomas. Different levels of expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 have been shown in both mouse AtT20 cells and canine tumoral corticotropinoma cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SOM230 controls both tumor cell growth and hormone synthesis, therefore controlling the disease. SOM230 was tested in dogs suffering from Cushing's disease (10 animals were treated continuously during 6 months, and another 10 were treated with 3 cycles consisting of 2 months of treatment followed by a 2-month rest period). A significant decrease in ACTH, urinary cortisol creatinine ratio, adenoma size (magnetic nuclear resonance) and improvement of clinical signs were obtained, without side effects. AtT20 cells treated with SOM230 suppressed pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) promoter activity through SSTR2, via the G(i) α-subunit, and reduced Nur77/Nurr1 transcriptional activity. We conclude that SOM230, in addition to its well-described antisecretory effects, inhibits, as shown in AtT20 cells, ACTH synthesis at the POMC transcriptional level, an effect mediated mainly through SSTR2, and limits tumor growth. The controlled Cushing's disease in the dogs that received the treatment indicates that SOM230 has a potential therapeutic use in humans suffering from Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Castillo
- Unidad de Endocrinología, Hospital Escuela, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Labeur M, Páez-Pereda M, Haedo M, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Pituitary tumors: cell type-specific roles for BMP-4. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 326:85-8. [PMID: 20398728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BMP-4 plays a crucial role not only in the formation of the anterior pituitary during embryo development but also in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors in adults. In tumor cells, BMP-4 promotes prolactin secretion and lactotroph cell proliferation through a Smad-estrogen receptor crosstalk but it inhibits ACTH production and cell proliferation of corticotrophs. In addition, BMP-4 increases GH secretion in rat pituitary tumor somatolactotroph GH3 cells and FSHbeta subunit gene transcription in the murine gonadotroph cell line, LbetaT2. Therefore, BMP-4 has a differential role on different types of pituitary tumors: it promotes pituitary prolactinoma while it inhibits corticotroph pathogenesis in Cushing's disease. The modulation of BMP-4 also plays an important role in the therapeutic mechanism of action of bromocriptine, somatostatin analogs and retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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6
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Labeur M, Wölfel B, Panhuysen M, Stalla J, Stalla GK, Paez-Pereda M. TMEFF2: a new endogenous modulator of the CRH signaling in corticotroph cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Fuertes M, Gerez J, Haedo M, Giacomini D, Páez-Pereda M, Labeur M, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Cytokines and genes in pituitary tumorigenesis: RSUME role in cell biology. Front Horm Res 2010; 38:1-6. [PMID: 20616489 DOI: 10.1159/000318488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines of the IL-6 or gp130 family regulate many cellular responses and play regulatory roles in numerous tissues, and are placed as auto-paracrine regulators of pituitary function acting in normal and tumoral anterior pituitary cells. Especially, IL-6 has a regulatory role in the hormone secretion and growth of the anterior pituitary and is involved in adenoma pathogenesis. Recently, IL-6 has been shown to mediate oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). IL-6 might participate in such a process in adenomas pituitary as well. From pituitary tumoral gp130 overexpressing cells, an unknown protein, RSUME, has been cloned. RSUME is induced by hypoxia in pituitary tumors and regulate pathways involved in angiogenic and tumorigenic processes (NF-kappaB/IkappaB and HIF-1alpha pathways). Thus, it could have an important role in the development of the pituitary tumors.
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Labeur M, Holsboer F. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Medicina (B Aires) 2010; 70:457-462. [PMID: 20920967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the most recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Most effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by the intracellular GR which is present in almost every tissue and controls transcriptional activation via direct and indirect mechanisms. Nevertheless the glu-cocorticoid responses are tissue -and gene- specific. GR associates selectively with corticosteroid ligands produced in the adrenal gland in response to changes of humoral homeostasis. Ligand interaction with GR promotes either GR binding to genomic glucocorticoid response elements, in turn modulating gene transcription, or interaction of GR monomers with other transcription factors activated by other signalling pathways leading to transrepression. The GR regulates a broad spectrum of physiological functions, including cell differentiation, metabolism and inflammatory responses. Thus, disruption or dysregulation of GR function will result in severe impairments in the maintenance of homeostasis and the control of adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Correa-de-Santana E, Fröhlich B, Labeur M, Páez-Pereda M, Theodoropoulou M, Monteserin JL, Renner U, Stalla GK. NOD2 receptors in adenopituitary folliculostellate cells: expression and function. J Endocrinol 2009; 203:111-22. [PMID: 19608614 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Folliculostellate cells (FS cells) are non-endocrine cells from the pituitary gland that respond to bacterial endotoxins by producing cytokines. In immune cells, an important component of bacterial recognition are the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Previously, we showed that FS cells express TLR4. The TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL6) production through nuclear factor kappaB (NFKB) induction. Binding of IL6 to gp130 receptor activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an important mediator of inflammatory response. Another family involved in innate immune response following bacterial infection is the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) intracellular receptor family. Herein, we describe for the first time the expression and function of NOD receptors in human pituitary and FS TtT/GF cell line. The NOD2 agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP) increased Nf kappa b1-transcriptional activity, -protein expression and IL6 secretion in TtT/GF cells. Furthermore, these effects were potentiated by the combination of MDP and LPS. Silencing NOD2 abolished the action of LPS on NFKB transcriptional activity and IL6 production, indicating that, in TtT/GF cells, TLR4 transduces its signal through NOD2 receptor. We show here that in TtT/GF cells, Nod2 overexpression or stimulation by MDP increased STAT3 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, silencing STAT3 inhibited basal, LPS and MDP stimulated NFKB protein expression and overexpression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (Pias3) markedly decreased basal NFKB activity. These data suggest that in TtT/GF cells, STAT3 acting upstream to NFKB mediates NOD2 receptor signalling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that NOD molecules play a modulatory role in the pituitary by regulating the function and activation of FS cells in response to bacterial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Correa-de-Santana
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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10
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Labeur M, Paez-Pereda M, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Potential of retinoic acid derivatives for the treatment of corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2009; 10:103-9. [PMID: 18604646 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-008-9080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's disease is a severe clinical condition caused by hypersecretion of corticosteroids due to excessive ACTH secretion from a pituitary adenoma. This complex endocrine disorder still represents a major challenge for the physician in terms of efficient treatment. In the last years there was only little progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the constitutive and autonomous ACTH secretion of pituitary corticotrophinomas. As a consequence, no effective drug therapy is currently available, particularly if surgical excision is not successful. In the present article we examine recent studies that have investigated the therapeutic potential of retinoic acid receptors as nuclear receptor targets for the treatment of Cushing's disease. Retinoic acid is an efficient drug used for the treatment of different types of cancers and it proved to act in animal models of Cushing's disease. The efficiency of this treatment in patients with this disorder still needs to be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Giacomini D, Haedo M, Gerez J, Druker J, Páez-Pereda M, Labeur M, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Differential gene expression in models of pituitary prolactin-producing tumoral cells. Horm Res 2009; 71 Suppl 2:88-94. [PMID: 19407504 DOI: 10.1159/000192444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although several genes and signalling pathways have been identified as important effectors in the development of pituitary tumours, our understanding of pituitary tumorigenesis remains incomplete and is the focus of much current research. Use of the mRNA differential display technique in prolactinomas from D2-receptor knockout mice and in stable GH3 cell line clones with enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo has led to the identification of two genes that are involved in the pathogenic process--BMP-4 and RSUME. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) has been found to have a crucial role in prolactinoma development and also in signalling crosstalk with oestrogens. In contrast, BMP-4 has an inhibitory role in corticotrophinomas. RSUME (RWD-containing sumoylation enhancer) was identified from a transformed lactosomatotrophic cell line that had increased tumorigenic and angiogenic potential. Expression of RSUME was induced under hypoxic conditions and it has a potential role during vascularization. The differential expression and action of BMP-4 in prolactinomas and corticotrophinomas highlights the importance of studying a gene with contrasting actions in two cell lineages of the same organ in order to understand the pituitary transformation process. Both BMP-4 and RSUME may be interesting targets for inhibiting steps involved in pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Haedo MR, Gerez J, Fuertes M, Giacomini D, Páez-Pereda M, Labeur M, Renner U, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Regulation of Pituitary Function by Cytokines. Horm Res 2009; 72:266-74. [DOI: 10.1159/000245928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Labeur M, Refojo D, Wölfel B, Stalla J, Vargas V, Theodoropoulou M, Buchfelder M, Paez-Pereda M, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Interferon-gamma inhibits cellular proliferation and ACTH production in corticotroph tumor cells through a novel janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitory signaling pathway. J Endocrinol 2008; 199:177-89. [PMID: 18715881 DOI: 10.1677/joe-08-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a cytokine that exerts potent antiproliferative and tumoricidal effects in a variety of cancers. Moreover, IFNG modulates normal pituitary hormone secretion, and was shown to inhibit the expression of the ACTH precursor POMC in murine ACTH-secreting AtT-2010/21/2008 tumor cells. We have studied the functional role of IFNG on pituitary tumor cells, focusing on the involvement of IFNG in the molecular events leading to the control of POMC transcriptional repression. Herein, it is shown that IFNG inhibits AtT-20 tumor cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. Unexpectedly, an activated janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT1) cascade is required for IFNG inhibitory action on POMC promoter activity. Factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is necessary for the inhibitory action of IFNG on Pomc transcription, since loss of NF-kappaB activity with IkappaB super-repressor abolishes this effect. In addition, 1 and 2 IFNG receptor immunoreactivity was detected in human corticotropinoma cells. Interestingly, IFNG inhibits ACTH production from these cells in primary cell culture, without affecting basal ACTH biosynthesis in normal non-tumoral pituitary cells. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that POMC transcription can be negatively regulated by a JAK-STAT1 and NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany.
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Corrêa-de-Santana E, Theodoropoulou M, Fröhlich B, Paez-Pereda M, Monteserin Garcia JL, Onofri C, Labeur M, Renner U, Stalla GK. NOD proteins expression and function in the pituitary folliculostellate cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Schaaf C, Perone M, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Corrêa-de-Santana E, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. Impact of curcumin on growth and apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Monteserín JL, Stalla J, Labeur M, Stalla GK, Theodoropoulou M. The NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sirt1 regulates POMC transcription and ACTH synthesis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Correa-de-Santana E, Theodoropoulou M, Páez-Pereda M, Onofri C, Labeur M, Renner U, Stalla GK. Expression and functionality of NOD molecules in the adenopituitary folliculostellate cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Onofri C, Vila G, Correa-de-Santana E, Stalla J, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Luger A, Stalla GK, Renner U. Involvement of the calcium-binding protein secretagogin in pituitary adenoma hormone production. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Labeur M, Refojo D, Woelfel B, Stalla J, Vargas V, Theodoropoulou M, Buchfelder M, Páez-Pereda M, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Interferon-γ inhibits cellular proliferation and ACTH production in corticotroph tumor cells through a novel JAK-STAT1/NF-κB inhibitory signalling pathway. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Onofri C, Vila G, Wagner L, Correa-de Santana E, Labeur M, Luger A, Stalla GK, Renner U. Involvement of the calcium-binding protein Secretagogin in pituitary adenoma hormone secretion. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Correa-de-Santana E, Onofri C, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Colaco T, Stalla GK, Renner U. Bacterial muramy dipeptide differently affect IL-6 and VEGF production in pituitary folliculostellate TtT/GF cells through NOD1 and NOD2 receptors. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Giacomini D, Acuña M, Gerez J, Nagashima AC, Silberstein S, Páez-Pereda M, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Renner U, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Pituitary action of cytokines: focus on BMP-4 and gp130 family. Neuroendocrinology 2007; 85:94-100. [PMID: 17337883 DOI: 10.1159/000100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary can develop benign tumors of different sizes, classified as micro- and macroadenomas, frequently associated with high levels of hormone production, leading to different associated syndromes like Cushing's disease, acromegaly or prolactinomas. Much work has been done in order to understand the signaling pathways and the factors and hormones involved in the pituitary tumorigenic process. In recent years, much evidence has been collected and it is now well documented that cytokines of the gp130 family, such as interleukin-6, that use gp130 as a common signaling protein stimulate not only the proliferation but also the hormone secretion of pituitary cells. Experiments in vivo have shown that the overexpression of the gp130 receptor resulted in pituitary abnormal growth. Moreover, it has been recently described that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), a member of the TGF-beta family, has a stimulatory role on lactosomatotropic cells promoting the development of prolactinomas but it has an inhibitory action on the corticotropic lineage. This inhibitory action prevents Cushing's disease progression. Furthermore, BMP-4 mediates the antiproliferative action of retinoic acid in these cells. The present review highlights the most recent work about gp130 and TGF-beta cytokine families and their role in pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Correa-de-Santana E, Onofri C, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Colaco T, Stalla GK, Renner U. Expression of functionally active NOD1 and NOD2 in folliculostellate TtT/GF pituitary cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-954737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Labeur M, Paez-Pereda M, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla J, Woelfel B, Castillo V, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Novel targets for the treatment of ACTH-secreting tumors. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-954686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Castillo V, Giacomini D, Páez-Pereda M, Stalla J, Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Holsboer F, Grossman AB, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Retinoic acid as a novel medical therapy for Cushing's disease in dogs. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4438-44. [PMID: 16740975 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's disease is almost always caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor, but effective medical therapy is currently limited. Because retinoic acid has been shown to be potentially useful in decreasing corticotroph secretion and proliferation in rodent models, we have studied its action in dogs with Cushing's disease. A randomized treatment with retinoic acid (n = 22) vs. ketoconazole (n = 20) in dogs with Cushing's disease was assigned for a period of 180 d. Clinical signs, plasma ACTH and alpha-MSH, the cortisol/creatinine urine ratio, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging were assessed and compared at different time points. We recorded a significant reduction in plasma ACTH and alpha-MSH, and also in the cortisol/creatinine urine ratio, of the dogs treated with retinoic acid. Pituitary adenoma size was also significantly reduced at the end of retinoic acid treatment. Survival time and all the clinical signs evaluated showed an improvement in the retinoic-acid-treated dogs. No adverse events or signs of hepatotoxicity were observed, suggesting that the drug is not only effective but also safe. Retinoic acid treatment controls ACTH and cortisol hyperactivity and tumor size in dogs with ACTH-secreting tumors, leading to resolution of the clinical phenotype. This study highlights the possibility of using retinoic acid as a novel therapy in the treatment of ACTH-secreting tumors in humans with Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Castillo
- Unidad de Endocrinología, Hospital Escuela, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Giacomini D, Páez-Pereda M, Theodoropoulou M, Labeur M, Refojo D, Gerez J, Chervin A, Berner S, Losa M, Buchfelder M, Renner U, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibits corticotroph tumor cells: involvement in the retinoic acid inhibitory action. Endocrinology 2006; 147:247-56. [PMID: 16195406 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are still obscure. Furthermore, the pharmacological treatment of these tumors is limited. In this study, we report that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is expressed in the corticotrophs of human normal adenohypophysis and its expression is reduced in corticotrophinomas obtained from Cushing's patients compared with the normal pituitary. BMP-4 treatment of AtT-20 mouse corticotrophinoma cells has an inhibitory effect on ACTH secretion and cell proliferation. AtT-20 cells stably transfected with a dominant-negative form of the BMP-4 signal cotransducer Smad-4 or the BMP-4 inhibitor noggin have increased tumorigenicity in nude mice, showing that BMP-4 has an inhibitory role on corticotroph tumorigenesis in vivo. Because the activation of the retinoic acid receptor has an inhibitory action on Cushing's disease progression, we analyzed the putative interaction of these two pathways. Indeed, retinoic acid induces both BMP-4 transcription and expression and its antiproliferative action is blocked in Smad-4dn- and noggin-transfected Att-20 cells that do not respond to BMP-4. Therefore, retinoic acid induces BMP-4, which participates in the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid. This new mechanism is a potential target for therapeutic approaches for Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departemento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Labeur M, Theodoropoulou M, Sievers C, Paez-Pereda M, Castillo V, Arzt E, Stalla GK. New Aspects in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing Disease. Frontiers of Hormone Research 2006; 35:169-178. [PMID: 16809932 DOI: 10.1159/000094325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cushing disease, which is caused by the excessive production of ACTH, is a rare and complex endocrine disorder that still represents a major challenge for the physician in terms of accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment. Diagnosing Cushing syndrome and its etiology is an elaborate procedure and no single test is sensitive and specific enough to provide sufficient accuracy. Therefore, an ordered cascade of tests is necessary recommended by a consensus statement in 2002. The proposed diagnostic algorithm will be summarized in the following section. In the absence of efficient drug therapy, transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma is the treatment of choice for the reduction of ACTH secretion. However, not all patients can be cured by surgery. In the present article, we examine recent studies that have investigated the therapeutic potential of new generations of drugs for the treatment of Cushing disease such as cabergoline and SOM230. The role of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma as new approaches for treating pituitary tumors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labeur
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Giacomini D, Páez-Pereda M, Theodoropoulou M, Gerez J, Nagashima AC, Chervin A, Berner S, Labeur M, Refojo D, Renner U, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Control of Pituitary Pathophysiology. Frontiers of Hormone Research 2006; 35:22-31. [PMID: 16809920 DOI: 10.1159/000094262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), a member of the transforming growth factor-Beta(TGF-Beta) family, is overexpressed in different prolactinoma models and induces the development of these lineage adenomas. SMAD proteins activated by growth factors of the TGF-Beta and BMP family interact with estrogen receptors to stimulate the proliferation of prolactin and growth hormone-secreting cells. Furthermore, BMP-4 presents differential expression in normal and adenomatous corticotropes and inhibitory action on corticotropinoma cell proliferation. Moreover, BMP-4 mediates the antiproliferative action of retinoic acid in these cells. The present review highlights not only the crucial and opposite role of BMP-4 in the progression of pituitary adenomas but also that BMP-4 and retinoic acid interaction might serve as a potential new mechanism target for therapeutic approaches for Cushing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Labeur M, Papazoglou M, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla J, Laupheimer S, Paez-Pereda M, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Retinoic acid and PPAR-γ ligands synergistically inhibit ACTH secretion and proliferation in murine corticotroph tumor cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Regardless of etiology, all cases of endogenous Cushing's syndrome are due to increased production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. Most are caused by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. Alternatively, the glucocorticoid excess may be due to adrenal neoplasia or to ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors. Cushing's syndrome is characterized by endocrine and metabolic alterations such as truncal obesity, hypertension, weakness, amenorrhea, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis and depression. Unless treated, the disease is associated with high morbidity, and ultimately, mortality. Depending on the etiology of Cushing's syndrome two different treatment modalities are possible: reduction of pituitary ACTH production or reduction of adrenocortical cortisol secretion. In the absence of efficient drug therapy, transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma is the primary treatment of choice for the reduction of ACTH secretion. In the last years there was much progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that control the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, new insights made it possible to identify potential drug targets for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. The present article reviews different drug targets and therapeutic options including drugs that control the central ACTH regulation, e.g. by modulating signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation of ACTH biosynthesis, corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) or glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, inhibitors of glucocorticoid synthesis, ketoconazole, somatostatin and dopamine analogs. Some of these substances might be useful for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labeur
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. of Endocrinology, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany
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Labeur M, Papazoglou M, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla J, Arzt E, Paez-Pereda M, Stalla GK. Effects of interferon-γ on normal and tumoral pituitary cells in culture. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kovalovsky D, Paez Pereda M, Labeur M, Renner U, Holsboer F, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Nur77 induction and activation are necessary for interleukin-1 stimulation of proopiomelanocortin in AtT-20 corticotrophs. FEBS Lett 2004; 563:229-33. [PMID: 15063754 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nur77 and Nurr1 are critical for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) regulation by corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) in corticotrophs. We analyze the regulation and activity of Nur77 by interleukin (IL)-1 in AtT-20 corticotrophic cells and its consequences on POMC regulation. IL-1 induces Nur77 and not Nurr1 mRNA and shows an increased transcriptional activity on the NurRE site, an effect dependent of p38 protein kinase activity. A NurRE mutation abrogates POMC promoter transcription by IL-1 and a stable AtT-20 clone overexpressing a dominant negative form of Nur77 is unresponsive to IL-1-dependent POMC induction and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) secretion. These results demonstrate that Nur77 is essential for POMC stimulation by IL-1 in corticotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kovalovsky
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Flügel A, Berkowicz T, Ritter T, Labeur M, Jenne DE, Li Z, Ellwart JW, Willem M, Lassmann H, Wekerle H. Migratory Activity and Functional Changes of Green Fluorescent Effector Cells before and during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Immunity 2001; 14:547-60. [PMID: 11371357 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homing behavior and function of autoimmune CD4+ T cells in vivo was analyzed before and during EAE, using MBP-specific T cells retrovirally engineered to express the gene of green fluorescent protein. The cells migrate from parathymic lymph nodes to blood and to the spleen. Preceding disease onset, large numbers of effector cells invade the CNS, with only negligible numbers left in the periphery. In early EAE, most (>90%) infiltrating CD4+ cells were effector cells. Migratory effector cells downregulate activation markers (CD25, OX-40) but upregulate several chemokine receptors and adsorb MHC class II on their membranes. Within the CNS, the effector cells are reactivated, with upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and downmodulated T cell receptor-associated structures, presumably reflecting autoantigen recognition in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flügel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Neuroimmunology, 82152 Martinsried, 10098, Berlin, Germany.
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Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Mahnke K, Labeur M, Roters B, Schmidt W, Granstein RD, Luger TA, Schwarz T, Grabbe S. Transfection of immature murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene potently enhances their in vivo antigen-presenting capacity. J Immunol 1999; 163:174-83. [PMID: 10384114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Ag presentation by dendritic cells (DC) is crucial for induction of primary T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. Because DC culture from blood or bone marrow-derived progenitors is now clinically applicable, this study investigated the effectiveness of in vitro-generated murine bone marrow-derived DC (Bm-DC) for in vivo immunization protocols. Previous studies demonstrated that GM-CSF is an essential growth and differentiation factor for DC in culture and that in vivo administration of GM-CSF augments primary immune responses, which renders GM-CSF an attractive candidate to further enhance the effectiveness of DC-based immunotherapy protocols. Therefore, immature Bm-DC were transiently transfected with the GM-CSF gene and tested for differentiation, migration, and Ag-presenting capacity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC were largely unaltered with regard to MHC and costimulatory molecule expression as well as alloantigen or peptide Ag-presenting capacity. When used for in vivo immunizations, however, the Ag-presenting capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC was greatly enhanced compared with mock-transfected or untransfected cells, as determined by their effectiveness to induce primary immune reactions against hapten, protein Ag, and tumor Ag, respectively. Increased effectiveness in vivo correlated with the better migratory capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC. These results show that GM-CSF gene transfection significantly enhances the capacity of DC to induce primary immune responses in vivo, which might also improve DC-based vaccines currently under clinical investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Haptens/immunology
- Haptens/metabolism
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Hemocyanins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mollusca
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Transfection/immunology
- Transfection/methods
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C Curiel-Lewandrowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany
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35
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Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Mahnke K, Labeur M, Roters B, Schmidt W, Granstein RD, Luger TA, Schwarz T, Grabbe S. Transfection of Immature Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells with the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene Potently Enhances Their In Vivo Antigen-Presenting Capacity. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.1.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ag presentation by dendritic cells (DC) is crucial for induction of primary T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. Because DC culture from blood or bone marrow-derived progenitors is now clinically applicable, this study investigated the effectiveness of in vitro-generated murine bone marrow-derived DC (Bm-DC) for in vivo immunization protocols. Previous studies demonstrated that GM-CSF is an essential growth and differentiation factor for DC in culture and that in vivo administration of GM-CSF augments primary immune responses, which renders GM-CSF an attractive candidate to further enhance the effectiveness of DC-based immunotherapy protocols. Therefore, immature Bm-DC were transiently transfected with the GM-CSF gene and tested for differentiation, migration, and Ag-presenting capacity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC were largely unaltered with regard to MHC and costimulatory molecule expression as well as alloantigen or peptide Ag-presenting capacity. When used for in vivo immunizations, however, the Ag-presenting capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC was greatly enhanced compared with mock-transfected or untransfected cells, as determined by their effectiveness to induce primary immune reactions against hapten, protein Ag, and tumor Ag, respectively. Increased effectiveness in vivo correlated with the better migratory capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC. These results show that GM-CSF gene transfection significantly enhances the capacity of DC to induce primary immune responses in vivo, which might also improve DC-based vaccines currently under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Labeur
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Berthold Roters
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Schmidt
- †Institute for Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Richard D. Granstein
- ‡Department of Dermatology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021
| | - Thomas A. Luger
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Raiden S, Polack E, Nahmod V, Labeur M, Holsboer F, Arzt E. TRH receptor on immune cells: in vitro and in vivo stimulation of human lymphocyte and rat splenocyte DNA synthesis by TRH. J Clin Immunol 1995; 15:242-9. [PMID: 8537468 DOI: 10.1007/bf01540881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This work examined whether (1) immune cells express thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor mRNA and (2) TRH modulates lymphocyte activation. By Northern blot of RNA extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and rat splenocytes, a single TRH receptor mRNA band of about 3.8 kb (identical to that obtained from pituitary cells) was obtained, under both basal and stimulated conditions. A significant increase in DNA synthesis was observed in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated splenocytes when TRH (10(-6) M-10(-12) M) was added. After 5, 30, 60, 180 min and 24 h of TRH administration in vivo, a significant increase in the rat splenocyte proliferative response to Con A was observed. In vivo administration of anti-rat TSH antibody (1/1000) blocked the increase observed after 30 min of TRH administration on the Con A stimulated splenocyte response. TRH possess immunostimulatory functions directly via its receptor and indirectly via release of other immunostimulatory factors such as thyrotrophin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/biosynthesis
- DNA/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/ultrastructure
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Stimulation, Chemical
- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology
- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raiden
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Arzt E, Sauer J, Pollmächer T, Labeur M, Holsboer F, Reul JM, Stalla GK. Glucocorticoids suppress interleukin-1 receptor antagonist synthesis following induction by endotoxin. Endocrinology 1994; 134:672-7. [PMID: 8299563 DOI: 10.1210/endo.134.2.8299563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, as part of their physiological role in the control of inflammatory and immune processes, suppress the expression of IL-1 and other cytokines. We have found a dose-dependent inhibition by dexamethasone (10 nM to 10 microM) of mRNA levels of the recently cloned IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in endotoxin-stimulated human monocytes. At the same concentrations, both dexamethasone and cortisol inhibited the secretion of IL-1ra. These inhibitory effects were reversed by blocking glucocorticoid receptors with the specific antagonist RU 38486, but not by adding exogenous IL-1, even up to 100 ng/ml, to the monocytes. A similar inhibition of IL-1ra mRNA and protein secretion was found in monocytes obtained after dexamethasone administration in vivo. In addition, we observed parallel increases in glucocorticoid and IL-1ra levels following endotoxin administration to normal volunteers. Our results show that glucocorticoids shut down not only IL-1 but also IL-1ra expression, ruling out induction of IL-1ra as part of the glucocorticoid antiinflammatory mechanism. The control of the delicate immunoregulatory balance of the IL-1/IL-1ra system during endotoxemia underscores the physiological importance of glucocorticoids in the final control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arzt
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The influence of the central cholinergic system on the immune system was studied in Wistar rats by lesioning the medial septal nucleus. This lesion inhibited T cell proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes induced by the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) up to 25 days and did not affect proliferation at 40 days after lesioning. In contrast, the response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS) was not affected at any time. These findings suggest a regulatory role of the cholinergic medial septal nucleus on T lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labeur
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET-Argentina), Universidad de Buenos Aires
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