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Chin C, Wicks M, Feyasa M, Koen N. Food and nutrition labelling as a nutrition education tool: understanding, perspectives and practices of South African dietitians. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2135186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chin
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Wicks
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - M Feyasa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - N Koen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Dolman R, Conradie C, Lombard M, Nienaber A, Wicks M. SASPEN Case Study: Nutritional management of a patient at high risk of developing refeeding syndrome. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2015.11734549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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West JA, Wicks M, Gregory SM, Chugh P, Jacobs SR, Zhang Z, Host KM, Dittmer DP, Damania B. An important role for mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus life cycle. J Virol 2014; 88:5778-87. [PMID: 24623417 PMCID: PMC4019080 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03226-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been shown to be recognized by two families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Here we show that MAVS and RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), an RLR family member, also have a role in suppressing KSHV replication and production. In the context of primary infection, we show that in cells with depleted levels of MAVS or RIG-I, KSHV transcription is increased, while beta interferon (IFN-β) induction is attenuated. We also observed that MAVS and RIG-I are critical during the process of reactivation. Depletion of MAVS and RIG-I prior to reactivation led to increased viral load and production of infectious virus. Finally, MAVS depletion in latent KSHV-infected B cells leads to increased viral gene transcription. Overall, this study suggests a role for MAVS and RIG-I signaling during different stages of the KSHV life cycle. IMPORTANCE We show that RIG-I and its adaptor protein, MAVS, can sense KSHV infection and that these proteins can suppress KSHV replication following primary infection and/or viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A West
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Wicks M, Tamargo J. Silver linings: a case study. Intern Med J 2012; 42:219-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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dela Pena MG, Wicks M, Rao K, Abel K. Immune mechanisms associated with altered infant CD4+ T cell function (57.20). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.57.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Infant, when compared to adult, CD4+ T cell responses are characterized by a T helper 2 bias and reduced IFN-γ production. We hypothesized that the (1) expression of genes important in TCR signaling is age-dependent and (2) transcription factors involved in cytokine signaling (e.g. signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs), are differentially activated in infant and adult CD4+ T cells. Naïve and differentiated CD4+ T cells from 2 to 6 months old infant rhesus macaques were FACS-purified, stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, and analyzed by a Rhesus Th1/2/3 PCR array. The results showed an age-dependent increase in genes associated with Th1 development (e.g. T-bet). Next, human and/or rhesus cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with IL-2, IFN-γ or IL-4 and analyzed by Phosflow for the phosphorylation of STAT5, 1, or 6, respectively. While both infant and adult CD4+ T cells expressed a high percentage of phosphorylated STAT6 positive cells, adult CD4+ T cells had significantly higher frequencies of phosphorylated STAT5 and STAT1 positive CD4+ T cells. Thus, our data indicate that mechanisms of T cell activation differ between infant and adult CD4+ T cells. Defining these differences in distinct signaling pathways may provide novel and critical insights into pediatric HIV vaccine and therapeutics design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Wicks
- 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kalyan Rao
- 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kristina Abel
- 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures-Surgical (ASERNIP-S) undertook to systematically review the literature regarding arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) using a holmium:YAG laser for patients with impingement syndrome, with respect to the safety and efficacy of the procedure. METHODS Studies on ASD with a holmium:YAG laser were identified using MEDLINE (1984 to July 2000), EMBASE (1974 to August 2000) and Current Contents (1993 to week 33 2000). A number of search terms were used: (laser and shoulder) and (surgery or arthroscop* or acromioplasty or orthopaed* or orthoped* or subacromial decompression or impingement syndrome). The Cochrane Library was searched from 1966 to issue 3 2000, using the search terms 'shoulder and surgery'. Human studies were included for patients with impingement syndrome but without full-thickness rotator cuff tears or rheumatological disorders, and where shoulder pain had been experienced for more than 3 months. A surgeon and reviewer independently assessed the retrieved articles for their inclusion in the review. RESULTS Seven papers were identified that related to ASD with a holmium:YAG laser. None of the papers for review offered high-quality evidence. There were no properly designed randomized controlled studies. The highest level of evidence came from time series studies. No quantitative analysis could be undertaken for this review. CONCLUSIONS Given the extremely low level of evidence available for this procedure it was recommended that further research be conducted to establish the safety and efficacy of the technique. This reinforces the conclusion reached in the Cochrane review of interventions for shoulder pain where insufficient evidence was found to either support or refute the efficacy of other interventions for shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boult
- Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Inverventional Procedures--Surgical, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, North Adelaide, South Australia
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Hagino C, Boscariol J, Dover L, Letendre R, Wicks M. Before/after study to determine the effectiveness of the align-right cylindrical cervical pillow in reducing chronic neck pain severity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21:89-93. [PMID: 9502063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness (at the 0.1 level of statistical significance) of the Align-Right (roll-shaped) cervical pillow (ARCP) on neck pain severity and headache/neck pain medication use in chronic neck pain subjects. DESIGN The design was a "before/after" (i.e., a "pre/post" trial). SUBJECTS Twenty-eight subjects, 25-45 yr of age with cervical spine pain of biomechanical origin of > 2 on an 11-point ordinal pain scale. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was severity of morning and evening neck pain. The secondary outcome measure was daily quantity of analgesics ingested. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially for clinically and statistically significant pre/post intervention differences. METHODS Eligible subjects who successfully finished a 2-wk baseline data-gathering period by mailing in two properly completed diaries each received a pillow and four more diaries (to be filled in over the subsequent 4 wk). Three repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed using the Bonferroni-corrected level of statistical significance of 0.03. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (for paired-samples mean differences) were also calculated for those pre/post differences that seemed descriptively clinically important. RESULTS The clinically and statistically significant reductions in neck/shoulder pain severity in this sample of chronic neck pain subjects suggest that the ARCP is an effective therapy for target populations with the same profile as this sample. Patient characteristics predicting suitability were not studied in this project. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the ARCP has clinically important beneficial effects on the neck pain severity of most chronic neck-pain sufferers. Further randomized clinical trial research comparing the ARCP with other commonly used cervical pillows is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hagino
- Research Faculty, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Patel DJ, Holdright DR, Knight CJ, Mulcahy D, Thakrar B, Wright C, Sparrow J, Wicks M, Hubbard W, Thomas R, Sutton GC, Hendry G, Purcell H, Fox K. Early continuous ST segment monitoring in unstable angina: prognostic value additional to the clinical characteristics and the admission electrocardiogram. Heart 1996; 75:222-8. [PMID: 8800982 PMCID: PMC484276 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.75.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In unstable angina, clinical characteristics, resting electrocardiography, and early continuous ST segment monitoring have been individually reported to identify subgroups at increased risk of adverse outcome. It is not known, however, whether continuous ST monitoring provides additional prognostic information in such a setting. DESIGN Observational study of 212 patients with unstable angina without evidence of acute myocardial infarction admitted to district general hospitals, who had participated in a randomised study comparing heparin and aspirin treatment versus aspirin alone. METHODS Clinical variables and a 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded at admission, and treatment was standardised to include aspirin, atenolol, diltiazem, and intravenous glyceryl trinitrate, in addition to intravenous heparin (randomised treatment). Continuous ST segment monitoring was performed for 48 h and all inhospital adverse events were recorded. RESULTS The admission ECG was normal in 61 patients (29%), showed ST depression in 59 (28%) (17 > or = 0.1 mV), and T wave changes in a further 69 (33%). The remaining 23 had Q waves (18), right bundle branch block (four), or ST elevation (one). During 8963 h of continuous ST segment monitoring (mean 42.3 h/patient), 132 episodes of transient myocardial ischaemia (104 silent) were recorded in 32 patients (15%). Forty patients (19%) had an adverse event (cardiac deaths (n = 3), non-fatal myocardial infarction (n = 6) and, emergency revascularisation (n = 31)). Both admission ECG ST depression (P = 0.02), and transient ischaemia (P < 0.001) predicted an increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction or death, while no patients with a normal ECG died or had a myocardial infarction. Adverse outcome was predicted by admission ECG ST depression (regardless of severity) (odds ratio (OR) 3.41) (P < 0.001), and maintenance beta blocker treatment (OR 2.95) (P < 0.01). A normal ECG predicted a favourable outcome (OR 0.38) (P = 0.04), while T wave or other ECG changes were not predictive of outcome. Transient ischaemia was the strongest predictor of adverse prognosis (OR 4.61) (P < 0.001), retaining independent predictive value in multivariate analysis (OR 2.94) (P = 0.03), as did maintenance beta blocker treatment (OR 2.85) (P = 0.01) and admission ECG ST depression, which showed a trend towards independent predictive value (OR 2.11) (P = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS Patients with unstable angina and a normal admission ECG have a good prognosis, while ST segment depression predicts an adverse outcome. Transient myocardial ischaemia detected by continuous ST segment monitoring in such patients receiving optimal medical treatment provides prognostic information additional to that gleaned from the clinical characteristics or the admission ECG.
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Walker DM, Wicks M, Hubbard WN, Thomas RD. Increased mortality from inadequate provision of coronary care unit facilities. J R Soc Med 1994; 87:211-2. [PMID: 8182676 PMCID: PMC1294444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a 6-month period, all patients admitted to the Royal United Hospital, Bath, with acute ischaemic heart disease were prospectively followed for the period of their hospital stay. Strict admission and discharge criteria were defined for the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), so that groups of patients could be identified in which the treatment was not ideal. The mortality in the groups of patients who were admitted to the CCU without delay and for an appropriate length of time was 5.1% (18/355). It was significantly higher overall in the groups of patients who were either not admitted (14.3%, 4/28) or whose admission was delayed (17.4%, 4/23). The results underline the importance of the provision of adequate coronary care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Walker
- Cardiology Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath, Avon, UK
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Abstract
In a 12-month prospective survey of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), 32 out of 192 patients (16.6%) survived to go home. This is a clear improvement compared with 7 years previously. This is attributed to better training in the use and management of CPR and more widespread availability of defibrillators. Certain patients could not be resuscitated--those with electromechanical dissociation, carcinoma, or multiple pathology. Age by itself was not a bar to resuscitation. There is still a high rate of inappropriate calls, often because of uncertainty by nurses about the use of CPR. This could be improved with clearer guidelines in hospitals about the value of CPR in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, U.K
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Wicks M, Hunt J, Walker R, Torda TA. An electrode montage for electrocardiographic monitoring. Anaesth Intensive Care 1989; 17:74-7. [PMID: 2653094 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x8901700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An electrocardiographic electrode montage is described using electrodes mounted on the manubrium sterni (RA), xiphisternum (LA) and V5 position (LL). The lead II setting on the monitor, equivalent to CM5, offers optimal ischaemia detection, while lead I, now a vertical lead, manubrium to xiphisternum, results in maximal P wave amplitude. The montage has been evaluated in sixty-two intensive care patients with electrocardiographic abnormalities and has been used extensively in intensive care, the operating theatres and in shock wave lithotripsy. The 'Prince Henry' montage offers advantages over the standard bipolar leads in P wave amplitude, arrhythmia diagnosis and artefact rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wicks
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay, New South Wales, Australia
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Wicks M, Mandak B. New beginning: ICU nursing shortage eliminated internally. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1987; 18:72A-72H. [PMID: 3648601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wheatley J, Wicks M. Supporting the family. A family snapshot. Nurs Times 1986; 82:28-31. [PMID: 3638649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wicks M, Garrett R, Vernon-Roberts B, Fazzalari N. Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1982; 64:319-22. [PMID: 7096397 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.64b3.7096397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A clinical, radiological and histopathological study of femoral heads from 125 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur and from 30 cadavers was carried out to identify various risk factors. The findings showed that the Singh index was unreliable as a radiological indicator of the bone content of the femoral heads; that the bone content of the femoral head in patients sustaining a fracture of the femoral neck did not differ from that of the controls; that osteomalacia was not found in any of the heads examined; and that the distribution of trabecular microfractures did not support the hypothesis that fracture of the neck was the result of progressive fatigue. It was concluded that the single most important factor leading to fracture in this Australian population was injury caused by falls and that such injury was frequently associated with other disease processes.
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Abstract
The oblique sagittal diameter of the lumbar spinal canal was measured by diagnostic ultrasound in seventy-three patients with symptomatic disc lesions, and compared with measurements from 200 asymptomatic subjects. Results suggest that the available space in the spinal canal is highly significant in the symptomatology of disc lesions, and in the patient's response to treatment.
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Abstract
A method is described of measuring the lumbar spinal canal by pulsed echo ultrasound. It is simple, safe and has a high degree of accuracy. The lumbar canal has been measured in over 800 subjects including 100 mining recruits and fifty nurses between the ages of fifteen and eighteen years. Ultrasound can demonstrate the degree and extent of bony stenosis. It may have value in preventive medicine, identifying the subject at risk.
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Abstract
Insulin dissolved in aqueous or methanolic buffer was iodinated to give preparations containing an average of between one and five iodine atoms per insulin monomer. The resultant preparations were fragmented in various ways and the ratio of tyrosine to monoiodotyrosine and di-iodotyrosine was determined in each fragment. This has allowed the distribution of iodine between the combined A-chain tyrosine residues and the individual B-chain tyrosine residues to be determined. The hormonal activity of each of these iodinated insulin preparations was measured from their effect on the production of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]glucose by isolated adipose cells. The results were interpreted as meaning that the iodination of tyrosine residue A19 or B16 leads to the inactivation of insulin. Speculations are made about the nature of an interaction between insulin and a receptor site on the target tissue.
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Melton CE, Wicks M. Binocular fusion time in sleep-deprived subjects. AM 69-1. AM Rep 1969:1-5. [PMID: 5370630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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