1
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Neeland MR, Gubbels L, Wong ATC, Walker H, Ranganathan SC, Shanthikumar S. Pulmonary immune profiling reveals common inflammatory endotypes of childhood wheeze and suppurative lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00020-5. [PMID: 38492745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Suppurative lung disease and wheezing are common respiratory diseases of childhood, however, due to poor understanding of underlying pathobiology, there are limited treatment options and disease recurrence is common. We aimed to profile the pulmonary and systemic immune response in children with wheeze and chronic suppurative lung disease for identification of endotypes that can inform improved clinical management. We used clinical microbiology data, highly multiplexed flow cytometry and immunoassays to compare pulmonary [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)] and systemic immunity in children with lung disease and controls. Unsupervised analytical approaches were applied to BAL immune data to explore biological endotypes. We identified two endotypes that were analogous in both frequency and immune signature across both respiratory diseases. The hyper-inflammatory endotype had a 12-fold increase in neutrophil infiltration and upregulation of 14 soluble signatures associated with type 2 inflammation and cell recruitment to tissue. The non-inflammatory endotype was not significantly different from controls. We showed these endotypes are measurable in a clinical setting and can be defined by measuring only three immune factors in BAL. We identified hyper-inflammatory and non-inflammatory endotypes common across pediatric wheeze and chronic suppurative lung disease that, if validated in future studies, have the potential to inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Liam Gubbels
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anson Tsz Chun Wong
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hannah Walker
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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2
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Imran S, Neeland MR, Martino DJ, Peng S, Koplin J, Dharmage SC, Tang MLK, Sawyer S, Dang T, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Prescott S, Perrett KP, Novakovic B, Saffery R. Epigenomic variability is associated with age-specific naïve CD4 T cell response to activation in infants and adolescents. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:397-411. [PMID: 36760028 PMCID: PMC10952707 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period of immune development. During this time, naïve CD4 (nCD4) T cells undergo programmed cell differentiation, mediated by epigenetic changes, in response to external stimuli leading to a baseline homeostatic state that may determine lifelong disease risk. However, the ontogeny of epigenetic signatures associated with CD4 T cell activation during key developmental periods are yet to be described. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with nCD4 T activation following 72 h culture in media+anti-CD3/CD28 beads in healthy infants (aged 12 months, n = 18) and adolescents (aged 10-15 years, n = 15). We integrated these data with transcriptomic and cytokine profiling from the same samples. nCD4 T cells from both age groups show similar extensive epigenetic reprogramming following activation, with the majority of genes involved in the T cell receptor signaling pathway associated with differential methylation. Additionally, we identified differentially methylated probes showing age-specific responses, that is, responses in only infants or adolescents, including within a cluster of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. These encoded several TCR alpha joining (TRAJ), and TCR alpha variable (TRAV) genes. Cytokine data analysis following stimulation revealed enhanced release of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10, in nCD4 T cells from adolescents compared with infants. Overlapping differential methylation and cytokine responses identified four probes potentially underpinning these age-specific responses. We show that DNAm in nCD4T cells in response to activation is dynamic in infancy and adolescence, with additional evidence for age-specific effects potentially driving variation in cytokine responses between these ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - David J. Martino
- Wal‐yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerthAustralia
- University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Stephen Peng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Allergy and Lung Health UnitMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mimi LK Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thanh Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Susan Prescott
- School of MedicineThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWAAustralia
- Telethon Kids Institute15 Hospital AvenueNedlandsWAAustralia
- Department of ImmunologyPerth Children's Hospital15 Hospital AvenueNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
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3
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Tursi AR, Saba NK, Dunham D, Manohar M, Peters RL, Saffery R, Koplin JJ, Nadeau KC, Neeland MR, Andorf S. Mass cytometry analysis of blood from peanut-sensitized tolerant and clinically allergic infants. Sci Data 2022; 9:738. [PMID: 36456584 PMCID: PMC9715645 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated food allergies in infants are a significant health concern, with peanut allergy being of particular interest due to its prevalence and severity. Among individuals who produce peanut-specific IgE some experience no adverse reaction on peanut consumption. This asymptomatic phenotype is known as sensitized tolerance. To elucidate the immune environment of peanut sensitized tolerant and clinically allergic one-year-olds, high-dimensional mass cytometry was conducted as part of the HealthNuts study. The resulting data includes peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 36 participants encompassing non-allergic, peanut sensitized with tolerance, and clinically peanut allergic infants. The raw mass cytometry data is described here and freely available for reuse through the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). Additional allergy information and serum vitamin D levels of the participants were measured and are also included in the data upload. These high-dimensional mass cytometry data, when combined with clinical information, offer a broad immune profile of peanut allergic and sensitized tolerant infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Tursi
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Nicholas K. Saba
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Diane Dunham
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Rachel L. Peters
- grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jennifer J. Koplin
- grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Melanie R. Neeland
- grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sandra Andorf
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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4
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Imran S, Neeland MR, Peng S, Vlahos A, Martino D, Dharmage SC, Tang MLK, Sawyer S, Dang TD, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Perrett KP, Novakovic B, Saffery R. Immuno-epigenomic analysis identifies attenuated interferon responses in naïve CD4 T cells of adolescents with peanut and multi-food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13890. [PMID: 36433861 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated food allergies have been linked to suboptimal naïve CD4 T (nCD4T) cell activation in infancy, underlined by epigenetic and transcriptomic variation. Similar attenuated nCD4T cell activation in adolescents with food allergy have also been reported, but these are yet to be linked to specific epigenetic or transcriptional changes. METHODS We generated genome-wide DNA methylation data in purified nCD4 T cells at quiescence and following activation in a cohort of adolescents (aged 10-15 years old) with peanut allergy (peanut only or peanut + ≥1 additional food allergy) (FA, n = 29), and age-matched non-food allergic controls (NA, n = 18). Additionally, we assessed transcriptome-wide gene expression and cytokine production in these cells following activation. RESULTS We found widespread changes in DNA methylation in both NA and FA nCD4T cells in response to activation, associated with the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Adolescents with FA exhibit unique DNA methylation signatures at quiescence and post-activation at key genes involved in Th1/Th2 differentiation (RUNX3, RXRA, NFKB1A, IL4R), including a differentially methylated region (DMR) at the TNFRSF6B promoter, linked to Th1 proliferation. Combined analysis of DNA methylation, transcriptomic data and cytokine output in the same samples identified an attenuated interferon response in nCD4T cells from FA individuals following activation, with decreased expression of several interferon genes, including IFN-γ and a DMR at a key downstream gene, BST2. CONCLUSION We find that attenuated nCD4T cell responses from adolescents with food allergy are associated with specific epigenetic variation, including disruption of interferon responses, indicating dysregulation of key immune pathways that may contribute to a persistent FA phenotype. However, we recognize the small sample size, and the consequent restraint on reporting adjusted p-value statistics as limitations of the study. Further study is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Peng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Vlahos
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Martino
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western, Perth, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Shanthikumar S, Ranganathan S, Neeland MR. Ivacaftor, not ivacaftor/lumacaftor, associated with lower pulmonary inflammation in preschool cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2549-2552. [PMID: 35791043 PMCID: PMC9796514 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Bannister S, Kim B, Domínguez-Andrés J, Kilic G, Ansell BRE, Neeland MR, Moorlag SJCFM, Matzaraki V, Vlahos A, Shepherd R, Germano S, Bahlo M, Messina NL, Saffery R, Netea MG, Curtis N, Novakovic B. Neonatal BCG vaccination is associated with a long-term DNA methylation signature in circulating monocytes. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn4002. [PMID: 35930640 PMCID: PMC9355358 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity describes the capacity of innate immune cells to develop heterologous memory in response to certain exogenous exposures. This phenomenon mediates, at least in part, the beneficial off-target effects of the BCG vaccine. Using an in vitro model of trained immunity, we show that BCG exposure induces a persistent change in active histone modifications, DNA methylation, transcription, and adenosine-to-inosine RNA modification in human monocytes. By profiling DNA methylation of circulating monocytes from infants in the MIS BAIR clinical trial, we identify a BCG-associated DNA methylation signature that persisted more than 12 months after neonatal BCG vaccination. Genes associated with this epigenetic signature are involved in viral response pathways, consistent with the reported off-target protection against viral infections in neonates, adults, and the elderly. Our findings indicate that the off-target effects of BCG in infants are accompanied by epigenetic remodeling of circulating monocytes that lasts more than 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bannister
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bowon Kim
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brendan R. E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R. Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Vlahos
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author. (B.N.); (N.C.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author. (B.N.); (N.C.)
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7
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Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Kedzierski L, Neeland MR, Petersen J, Crawford JC, Allen LF, Clemens EB, Chua B, McQuilten HA, Minervina AA, Pogorelyy MV, Chaurasia P, Tan HX, Wheatley AK, Jia X, Amanat F, Krammer F, Allen EK, Sonda S, Flanagan KL, Jumarang J, Pannaraj PS, Licciardi PV, Kent SJ, Bond KA, Williamson DA, Rossjohn J, Thomas PG, Tosif S, Crawford NW, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs is established in unvaccinated children who seroconvert after infection. Immunity 2022; 55:1299-1315.e4. [PMID: 35750048 PMCID: PMC9174177 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As the establishment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory in children remains largely unexplored, we recruited convalescent COVID-19 children and adults to define their circulating memory SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to vaccination. We analyzed epitope-specific T cells directly ex vivo using seven HLA class I and class II tetramers presenting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, together with Spike-specific B cells. Unvaccinated children who seroconverted had comparable Spike-specific but lower ORF1a- and N-specific memory T cell responses compared with adults. This agreed with our TCR sequencing data showing reduced clonal expansion in children. A strong stem cell memory phenotype and common T cell receptor motifs were detected within tetramer-specific T cells in seroconverted children. Conversely, children who did not seroconvert had tetramer-specific T cells of predominantly naive phenotypes and diverse TCRαβ repertoires. Our study demonstrates the generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs in unvaccinated seroconverted children after their first virus encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Jaycee Jumarang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine A Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Immunisation Service, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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8
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Tosif S, Haycroft ER, Sarkar S, Toh ZQ, Do LAH, Donato CM, Selva KJ, Hoq M, Overmars I, Nguyen J, Lee L, Clifford V, Daley A, Mordant FL, McVernon J, Mulholland K, Marcato AJ, Smith MZ, Curtis N, McNab S, Saffery R, Kedzierska K, Subarrao K, Burgner D, Steer A, Bines JE, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Chung AW, Neeland MR, Crawford NW. Virology and immune dynamics reveal high household transmission of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:10.1111/pai.13824. [PMID: 35871459 PMCID: PMC9349415 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household studies are crucial for understanding the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be underestimated from PCR testing of respiratory samples alone. We aim to combine the assessment of household mitigation measures; nasopharyngeal, saliva, and stool PCR testing; along with mucosal and systemic SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, to comprehensively characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households. METHODS Between March and September 2020, we obtained samples from 92 participants in 26 households in Melbourne, Australia, in a 4-week period following the onset of infection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. RESULTS The secondary attack rate was 36% (24/66) when using nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) PCR positivity alone. However, when respiratory and nonrespiratory samples were combined with antibody responses in blood and saliva, the secondary attack rate was 76% (50/66). SARS-CoV-2 viral load of the index case and household isolation measures were key factors that determine secondary transmission. In 27% (7/26) of households, all family members tested positive by NPS for SARS-CoV-2 and were characterized by lower respiratory Ct values than low transmission families (Median 22.62 vs. 32.91; IQR 17.06-28.67 vs. 30.37-34.24). High transmission families were associated with enhanced plasma antibody responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Three distinguishing saliva SARS-CoV-2 antibody features were identified according to age (IgA1 to Spike 1, IgA1 to nucleocapsid protein (NP)), suggesting that adults and children generate distinct mucosal antibody responses during the acute phase of infection. CONCLUSION Utilizing respiratory and nonrespiratory PCR testing, along with the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific local and systemic antibodies, provides a more accurate assessment of infection within households and highlights some of the immunological differences in response between children and adults.
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9
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Messina NL, Germano S, McElroy R, Rudraraju R, Bonnici R, Pittet LF, Neeland MR, Nicholson S, Subbarao K, Curtis N. Off-target effects of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2: implications for protection against severe COVID-19. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1387. [PMID: 35573165 PMCID: PMC9028103 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Because of its beneficial off‐target effects against non‐mycobacterial infectious diseases, bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination might be an accessible early intervention to boost protection against novel pathogens. Multiple epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are investigating the protective effect of BCG against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Using samples from participants in a placebo‐controlled RCT aiming to determine whether BCG vaccination reduces the incidence and severity of COVID‐19, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of BCG on in vitro immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2. Methods This study used peripheral blood taken from participants in the multicentre RCT and BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID‐19 on healthcare workers (BRACE trial). The whole blood taken from BRACE trial participants was stimulated with γ‐irradiated SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected or mock‐infected Vero cell supernatant. Cytokine responses were measured by multiplex cytokine analysis, and single‐cell immunophenotyping was made by flow cytometry. Results BCG vaccination, but not placebo vaccination, reduced SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced secretion of cytokines known to be associated with severe COVID‐19, including IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10. In addition, BCG vaccination promoted an effector memory phenotype in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and an activation of eosinophils in response to SARS‐CoV‐2. Conclusions The immunomodulatory signature of BCG’s off‐target effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 is consistent with a protective immune response against severe COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Rebecca McElroy
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Rhian Bonnici
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit Faculty of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Molecular Immunity Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory The Royal Melbourne Hospital The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Infectious Diseases The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
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10
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Dang TD, Peters R, Neeland MR, Brettig T, Green H, McWilliam V, Tang MLK, Dharmage S, Ponsonby AL, Koplin J, Perrett KP. Ana o 3 sIgE testing increases the accuracy of cashew allergy diagnosis using a two-step model. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13705. [PMID: 34821421 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of cashew-specific IgE (sIgE) is often used to confirm sensitization but does not reliably diagnose clinical allergy. Ana o 3 is the dominant cashew allergen detected in 75-100% of patients with cashew allergy but not currently used in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES To determine if component-resolved diagnostics using specific IgE to the 2 S albumin from cashew, Ana o 3, improves the accuracy of diagnosing cashew allergy, thereby circumventing the need for an oral food challenge (OFC) in some patients. METHODS A population-based sample of 5276 children was recruited at age 1 year and followed up at age 6 years. Children with positive cashew skin prick test at age 6 underwent an OFC to clarify allergy status. Forty-seven children (mean age 5.02 ± 0.2) (33 cashew-allergic and 14 cashew-tolerant) had cashew sIgE and Ana o 3 sIgE quantified by ImmunoCAP System FEIA. RESULTS A cutoff of >0.32 kUA/L for Ana o 3 sIgE provided 95% specificity and 90% sensitivity and correctly identified 90% of clinical cashew allergy. At the same specificity, the sensitivity for cashew sIgE (>8.5 kUA/L) was only 26%. Sequential measurement of cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 sIgE diagnosed 90% of children with cashew allergy without the need for an OFC. CONCLUSION Ana o 3 sIgE testing provides higher diagnostic accuracy than cashew sIgE. Sequential measurement of cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 removed the need for a food challenge from 66% down to 12.8% (5-fold) of children compared with cashew sIgE testing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Brettig
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayden Green
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Allergy and Lung Health Unit for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Allergy and Lung Health Unit for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Shanthikumar S, Neeland MR, Saffery R, Ranganathan SC, Oshlack A, Maksimovic J. DNA Methylation Profiles of Purified Cell Types in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Applications for Mixed Cell Paediatric Pulmonary Studies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788705. [PMID: 35003108 PMCID: PMC8727592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In epigenome-wide association studies analysing DNA methylation from samples containing multiple cell types, it is essential to adjust the analysis for cell type composition. One well established strategy for achieving this is reference-based cell type deconvolution, which relies on knowledge of the DNA methylation profiles of purified constituent cell types. These are then used to estimate the cell type proportions of each sample, which can then be incorporated to adjust the association analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly used to sample the lung in clinical practice and contains a mixture of different cell types that can vary in proportion across samples, affecting the overall methylation profile. A current barrier to the use of bronchoalveolar lavage in DNA methylation-based research is the lack of reference DNA methylation profiles for each of the constituent cell types, thus making reference-based cell composition estimation difficult. Herein, we use bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected from children with cystic fibrosis to define DNA methylation profiles for the four most common and clinically relevant cell types: alveolar macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes and alveolar epithelial cells. We then demonstrate the use of these methylation profiles in conjunction with an established reference-based methylation deconvolution method to estimate the cell type composition of two different tissue types; a publicly available dataset derived from artificial blood-based cell mixtures and further bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The reference DNA methylation profiles developed in this work can be used for future reference-based cell type composition estimation of bronchoalveolar lavage. This will facilitate the use of this tissue in studies examining the role of DNA methylation in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shivanthan Shanthikumar,
| | - Melanie R. Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath C. Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Computational Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of BioScience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jovana Maksimovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Computational Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Shanthikumar S, Ranganathan SC, Saffery R, Neeland MR. Mapping Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation in Preschool Aged Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733217. [PMID: 34721395 PMCID: PMC8554310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune landscape of the paediatric respiratory system remains largely uncharacterised and as a result, the mechanisms of globally important childhood respiratory diseases remain poorly understood. In this work, we used high parameter flow cytometry and inflammatory cytokine profiling to map the local [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)] and systemic (whole blood) immune response in preschool aged children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and aged-matched healthy controls. We demonstrate that children with CF show pulmonary infiltration of CD66b+ granulocytes and increased levels of MIP-1α, MIG, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 in BAL relative to healthy control children. Proportions of systemic neutrophils positively correlated with age in children with CF, whilst systemic CD4 T cells and B cells were inversely associated with age. Inflammatory cells in the BAL from both CF and healthy children expressed higher levels of activation and migration markers relative to their systemic counterparts. This work highlights the utility of multiplex immune profiling and advanced analytical pipelines to understand mechanisms of lung disease in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Neeland MR, Bannister S, Clifford V, Nguyen J, Dohle K, Overmars I, Toh ZQ, Anderson J, Donato CM, Sarkar S, Do LAH, McCafferty C, Licciardi PV, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Bines JE, Mulholland K, Curtis N, McNab S, Steer AC, Burgner DP, Saffery R, Tosif S, Crawford NW. Children and Adults in a Household Cohort Study Have Robust Longitudinal Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Exposure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741639. [PMID: 34721408 PMCID: PMC8548628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have reduced severity of COVID-19 compared to adults and typically have mild or asymptomatic disease. The immunological mechanisms underlying these age-related differences in clinical outcomes remain unexplained. Here, we quantify 23 immune cell populations in 141 samples from children and adults with mild COVID-19 and their PCR-negative close household contacts at acute and convalescent time points. Children with COVID-19 displayed marked reductions in myeloid cells during infection, most prominent in children under the age of five. Recovery from infection in both children and adults was characterised by the generation of CD8 TCM and CD4 TCM up to 9 weeks post infection. SARS-CoV-2-exposed close contacts also had immunological changes over time despite no evidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection on PCR testing. This included an increase in low-density neutrophils during convalescence in both exposed children and adults, as well as increases in CD8 TCM and CD4 TCM in exposed adults. In comparison to children with other common respiratory viral infections, those with COVID-19 had a greater change in innate and T cell-mediated immune responses over time. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the immune response during and after recovery from COVID-19 in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha Bannister
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jill Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella Overmars
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Conor McCafferty
- Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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Imran S, Neeland MR, Koplin J, Dharmage S, Tang MLK, Sawyer S, Dang T, McWilliam V, Peters R, Perrett KP, Novakovic B, Saffery R. Epigenetic programming underpins B-cell dysfunction in peanut and multi-food allergy. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1324. [PMID: 34466226 PMCID: PMC8384135 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) have increased over the last few decades, and mounting evidence implicates disruption of epigenetic profiles in various immune cell types in FA development. Recent data implicate B-cell dysfunction in FA; however, few studies have examined epigenetic changes within these cells. METHODS We assessed epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles in purified B cells from adolescents with FA, comparing single-food-allergic (peanut only), multi-food-allergic (peanut and ≥1 other food) and non-allergic (control) individuals. Adolescents represent a phenotype of persistent and severe FA indicative of a common immune deviation. RESULTS We identified 144 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and 116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that distinguish B cells of individuals with FA from controls, including differential methylation of the PM20D1 promoter previously associated with allergic disorders. Subgroup comparisons found 729 DMPs specific to either single-food- or multi-food-allergic individuals, suggesting epigenetic distinctions between allergy groups. This included two regions with increased methylation near three S100 genes in multi-food-allergic individuals. Ontology results of DEGs specific to multi-food-allergic individuals revealed enrichment of terms associated with myeloid cell activation. Motif enrichment analysis of promoters associated with DMPs and DEGs showed differential enrichment for motifs recognised by transcription factors regulating B- and T-cell development, B-cell lineage determination and TGF-β signalling pathway between the multi-food-allergic and single-food-allergic groups. CONCLUSION Our data highlight epigenetic changes in B cells associated with peanut allergy, distinguishing features of the epigenome between single-food- and multi-food-allergic individuals and revealing differential developmental pathways potentially underpinning these distinct phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Allergy and Lung Health UnitMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneCarltonVICAustralia
| | - Mimi LK Tang
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thanh Dang
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rachel Peters
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
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15
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Osowicki J, Azzopardi KI, Fabri L, Frost HR, Rivera-Hernandez T, Neeland MR, Whitcombe AL, Grobler A, Gutman SJ, Baker C, Wong JMF, Lickliter JD, Waddington CS, Pandey M, Schuster T, Cheng AC, Pollard AJ, McCarthy JS, Good MF, Dale JB, Batzloff M, Moreland NJ, Walker MJ, Carapetis JR, Smeesters PR, Steer AC. A controlled human infection model of Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis (CHIVAS-M75): an observational, dose-finding study. Lancet Microbe 2021; 2:e291-e299. [PMID: 35544165 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pyogenes is a leading cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality. A reinvigorated vaccine development effort calls for new clinically relevant human S pyogenes experimental infection models to support proof of concept evaluation of candidate vaccines. We describe the initial Controlled Human Infection for Vaccination Against S pyogenes (CHIVAS-M75) study, in which we aimed to identify a dose of emm75 S pyogenes that causes acute pharyngitis in at least 60% of volunteers when applied to the pharynx by swab. METHODS This observational, dose-finding study was done in a clinical trials facility in Melbourne (VIC, Australia). Groups of healthy volunteers aged 18-40 years, at low risk of complicated S pyogenes disease, and without high type-specific anti-emm75 IgG antibodies against the challenge strain were challenged and closely monitored as inpatients for up to 6 days, and then as outpatients for 6 months. Antibiotics were started upon diagnosis (clinical signs and symptoms of pharyngitis and a positive rapid molecular test) or after 5 days in those without pharyngitis. Rapid test results were confirmed by standard bacterial culture. After a sentinel participant, cohorts of five and then ten participants were challenged, with protocol-directed dose-escalation or de-escalation for subsequent cohorts. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants at each dose level with pharyngitis by day 5 after challenge. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03361163. FINDINGS Between July 10, 2018, and Sept 23, 2019, 25 healthy adults were challenged with emm75 S pyogenes and included in analyses. Pharyngitis was diagnosed in 17 (85%; 95% CI 62-97) of 20 participants at the starting dose level (1-3 × 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). This high proportion prompted dose de-escalation. At the lower dose level (1-3 × 104 CFU/mL), pharyngitis was diagnosed in one of five participants. Immunological, biochemical, and microbiological results supported the clinical picture, with acute symptomatic pharyngitis characterised by pharyngeal colonisation by S pyogenes accompanied by significantly elevated C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines (eg, interferon-γ and interleukin-6), and modest serological responses to streptolysin O and deoxyribonuclease B. There were no severe (grade 3) or serious adverse events related to challenge. INTERPRETATION We have established a reliable pharyngitis human infection model with reassuring early safety findings to accelerate development of vaccines and other interventions to control disease due to S pyogenes. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Osowicki
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kristy I Azzopardi
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Loraine Fabri
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Paediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannah R Frost
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Epigenetics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alana L Whitcombe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anneke Grobler
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Gutman
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Imaging Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ciara Baker
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Claire S Waddington
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - James S McCarthy
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James B Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Batzloff
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole J Moreland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Carapetis
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Paediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Neeland MR, Tursi AR, Perrett KP, Saffery R, Koplin JJ, Nadeau KC, Andorf S. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with reduced regulatory T cell frequency in food-allergic infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:771-775. [PMID: 33351974 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Amanda R Tursi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Selva KJ, van de Sandt CE, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Chua BY, Davis SK, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Koutsakos M, Wong CY, Mordant F, Jackson DC, Flanagan KL, Crowe J, Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Crawford NW, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Chappell K, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Young P, Lee WS, Wines BD, Mark Hogarth P, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Arnold KB, Kedzierska K, Chung AW. Systems serology detects functionally distinct coronavirus antibody features in children and elderly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2037. [PMID: 33795692 PMCID: PMC8016934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of COVID-19 are higher pathogenicity and mortality in the elderly compared to children. Examining baseline SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive immunological responses, induced by circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs), is needed to understand such divergent clinical outcomes. Here we show analysis of coronavirus antibody responses of pre-pandemic healthy children (n = 89), adults (n = 98), elderly (n = 57), and COVID-19 patients (n = 50) by systems serology. Moderate levels of cross-reactive, but non-neutralizing, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are detected in pre-pandemic healthy individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific Fcγ receptor binding accurately distinguishes COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces qualitative changes to antibody Fc, enhancing Fcγ receptor engagement. Higher cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are observed in healthy elderly, while healthy children display elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgM, suggesting that children have fewer hCoV exposures, resulting in less-experienced but more polyreactive humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis of COVID-19 patients, confirms elevated class-switched antibodies in elderly, while children have stronger Fc responses which we demonstrate are functionally different. These insights will inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies, improved serological diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne K Shoffner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunisation Service, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention & Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Neeland MR, Andorf S, Dang TD, McWilliam VL, Perrett KP, Koplin JJ, Saffery R. Altered immune cell profiles and impaired CD4 T-cell activation in single and multi-food allergic adolescents. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:674-684. [PMID: 33626189 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 5% of adolescents have a food allergy, with peanut and tree nut allergies the most common. Having two or more food allergies in adolescence also doubles the risk of any adverse food reaction, and is associated with increased dietary and social burden. Investigations of immune function in persistently food allergic children are rare. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the immune mechanisms that underlie food allergy in adolescence. METHODS We used high-dimensional flow cytometry, unsupervised computational analysis and functional studies to comprehensively phenotype a range of non-antigen-specific immune parameters in a group of well-characterized adolescents with clinically defined single peanut allergy, multi-food allergy and aged-matched non-food allergic controls. RESULTS We show that food allergic adolescents have higher circulating proportions of dendritic cells (p = .0084, FDR-adjusted p = .087, median in no FA: 0.63% live cells, in FA: 0.93%), and higher frequency of activated, memory-like Tregs relative to non-food allergic adolescents (p = .011, FDR-adjusted p = .087, median in no FA: 0.49% live cells, in FA: 0.65%). Cytokine profiling revealed that CD3/CD28 stimulated naïve CD4 T cells from food allergic adolescents produced less IL-6 (p = .0020, FDR-adjusted p = .018, median log2 fold change [stimulated/unstimulated] in no FA: 3.03, in FA: 1.92) and TNFα (p = .0044, FDR-adjusted p = .020, median in no FA: 9.16, in FA: 8.64) and may secrete less IFNγ (p = .035, FDR-adjusted p = .11, median in no FA: 6.29, in FA: 5.67) than naïve CD4 T cells from non-food allergic controls. No differences between clinical groups were observed for LPS-stimulated monocyte secretion of cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of the immune response in food allergy throughout childhood, revealing that dendritic cell and T-cell signatures previously identified in early life may persist through to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Vicki L McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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19
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Neeland MR, Bannister S, Clifford V, Dohle K, Mulholland K, Sutton P, Curtis N, Steer AC, Burgner DP, Crawford NW, Tosif S, Saffery R. Innate cell profiles during the acute and convalescent phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1084. [PMID: 33597531 PMCID: PMC7889848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confirmed disease (COVID-19) compared to adults and the immunological mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we report acute and convalescent innate immune responses in 48 children and 70 adults infected with, or exposed to, SARS-CoV-2. We find clinically mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is characterised by reduced circulating subsets of monocytes (classical, intermediate, non-classical), dendritic cells and natural killer cells during the acute phase. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-infected adults show reduced proportions of non-classical monocytes only. We also observe increased proportions of CD63+ activated neutrophils during the acute phase to SARS-CoV-2 in infected children. Children and adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but negative on PCR testing display increased proportions of low-density neutrophils that we observe up to 7 weeks post exposure. This study characterises the innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and household exposure in children. Childhood infection with SARS CoV2 is associated with a milder course of infection but the immunopathogenesis of this remains unclear. Here the authors explore immunological differences in the innate immune system during acute and convalescent SARS CoV2 infection in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Samantha Bannister
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Sarkar S, Selva KJ, Do LAH, Donato C, Quan Toh Z, Higgins R, Van de Sandt C, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Flanagan KL, Arnold KB, Mordant FL, Mulholland K, Bines J, Dohle K, Pellicci DG, Curtis N, McNab S, Steer A, Saffery R, Subbarao K, Chung AW, Kedzierska K, Burgner DP, Crawford NW. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5703. [PMID: 33177504 PMCID: PMC7658256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have predominantly mild or asymptomatic infections, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. Here, we describe clinical features, virology, longitudinal cellular, and cytokine immune profile, SARS-CoV-2-specific serology and salivary antibody responses in a family of two parents with PCR-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their three children, who tested repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative. Cellular immune profiles and cytokine responses of all children are similar to their parents at all timepoints. All family members have salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected, predominantly IgA, that coincide with symptom resolution in 3 of 4 symptomatic members. Plasma from both parents and one child have IgG antibody against the S1 protein and virus-neutralizing activity detected. Using a systems serology approach, we demonstrate higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody features of these family members compared to healthy controls. These data indicate that children can mount an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 without virological confirmation of infection, raising the possibility that immunity in children can prevent the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relying on routine virological and serological testing may not identify exposed children, with implications for epidemiological and clinical studies across the life-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidan Tosif
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celeste Donato
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Higgins
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolien Van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | | | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Bines
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Steer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Abstract
Childhood pulmonary diseases not only cause childhood morbidity and mortality but also can cause long-term pulmonary impairment. The clinical management of many childhood pulmonary diseases is hampered by a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Flow cytometry, which can be used to phenotype individual cell populations or isolate cells for downstream analysis, represents a crucial technology that can help to elucidate the pathophysiology of these conditions. Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based method for purification and characterization of cell populations in BAL from children. This includes assessment of the effect of cryopreservation on cell phenotype and frequency, a knowledge gap recently identified by an American Thoracic Society report on flow cytometry in lung samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously quantify alveolar macrophages, T cells (CD4 and CD8), B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and monocytes (CD16+/CD16-) in the BAL of children. The protocols described can be used to advance investigation of the pathophysiology of childhood pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard Saffery
- Epigenetics, and.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Neeland MR, Novakovic B, Dang TD, Perrett KP, Koplin JJ, Saffery R. Hyper-Inflammatory Monocyte Activation Following Endotoxin Exposure in Food Allergic Infants. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567981. [PMID: 33072108 PMCID: PMC7541825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported a key role for innate cell hyper-responsiveness in food allergy. This has predominantly been observed in early life, with evidence that innate immune function may return to baseline if food allergy resolves in later childhood. Hallmarks of hyper-responsiveness include increased circulating frequency of monocytes and altered innate cell cytokine responses to in vitro exposure with bacterial endotoxin. These features mirror the defining signatures of trained innate immunity, seen in other complex diseases. In this study, detailed immune cell and cytokine profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline from 27 1 year old infants in the HealthNuts cohort (n = 16 egg allergic and n = 11 non-allergic healthy controls) and following monocyte stimulation. We show that egg allergic infants have increased frequency of circulating monocytes, reduced numbers of regulatory CD4 T cells and increased monocyte: CD4 T cell ratios relative to healthy controls. Monocytes from both egg allergic and non-allergic infants responded to endotoxin stimulation with rapid cytokine production and downregulation of the surface receptor CD16, however monocytes from egg allergic infants were hyper-responsive, producing significantly more inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) and innate cell recruiting factors (MIP-1α) than healthy controls. This work indicates that monocytes of food allergic infants are programmed to a hyper-inflammatory phenotype and that the development of food allergy may be associated with trained immunity in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Lankadeva YR, May CN, McKinley MJ, Neeland MR, Ma S, Hocking DM, Robins-Browne R, Bedoui S, Farmer DGS, Bailey SR, Martelli D, McAllen RM. Sympathetic nerves control bacterial clearance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15009. [PMID: 32929135 PMCID: PMC7490383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A neural reflex mediated by the splanchnic sympathetic nerves regulates systemic inflammation in negative feedback fashion, but its consequences for host responses to live infection are unknown. To test this, conscious instrumented sheep were infected intravenously with live E. coli bacteria and followed for 48 h. A month previously, animals had undergone either bilateral splanchnic nerve section or a sham operation. As established for rodents, sheep with cut splanchnic nerves mounted a stronger systemic inflammatory response: higher blood levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 but lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, compared with sham-operated animals. Sequential blood cultures revealed that most sham-operated sheep maintained high circulating levels of live E. coli throughout the 48-h study period, while all sheep without splanchnic nerves rapidly cleared their bacteraemia and recovered clinically. The sympathetic inflammatory reflex evidently has a profound influence on the clearance of systemic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugeesh R Lankadeva
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Clive N May
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael J McKinley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Shuai Ma
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dianna M Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne At the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roy Robins-Browne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne At the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne At the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David G S Farmer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Simon R Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Davide Martelli
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Robin M McAllen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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24
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Shanthikumar S, Neeland MR, Maksimovic J, Ranganathan SC, Saffery R. DNA methylation biomarkers of future health outcomes in children. Mol Cell Pediatr 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32642955 PMCID: PMC7343681 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-020-00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers which predict future health outcomes are key to the goals of precision health. Such biomarkers do not have to be involved in the causal pathway of a disease, and their performance is best assessed using statistical tests of clinical performance and evaluation of net health impact. DNA methylation is the most commonly studied epigenetic process and represents a potential biomarker of future health outcomes. We review 25 studies in non-oncological paediatric conditions where DNA methylation biomarkers of future health outcomes are assessed. Whilst a number of positive findings have been described, the body of evidence is severely limited by issues with outcome measures, tissue-specific samples, accounting for sample cell type heterogeneity, lack of appropriate statistical testing, small effect sizes, limited validation, and no assessment of net health impact. Future studies should concentrate on careful study design to overcome these issues, and integration of DNA methylation data with other 'omic', clinical, and environmental data to generate the most clinically useful biomarkers of paediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jovana Maksimovic
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Computational Biology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Imran S, Neeland MR, Shepherd R, Messina N, Perrett KP, Netea MG, Curtis N, Saffery R, Novakovic B. A Potential Role for Epigenetically Mediated Trained Immunity in Food Allergy. iScience 2020; 23:101171. [PMID: 32480123 PMCID: PMC7262566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy is increasing at a rapid pace in many countries. The association of high food allergy rates with Westernized lifestyles suggests the role of gene-environment interactions, potentially underpinned by epigenetic variation, in mediating this process. Recent studies have implicated innate immune system dysfunction in the development and persistence of food allergy. These responses are characterized by increased circulating frequency of innate immune cells and heightened inflammatory responses to bacterial stimulation in food allergic patients. These signatures mirror those described in trained immunity, whereby innate immune cells retain a “memory” of earlier microbial encounters, thus influencing subsequent immune responses. Here, we propose that a robust multi-omics approach that integrates immunological, transcriptomic, and epigenomic datasets, combined with well-phenotyped and longitudinal food allergy cohorts, can inform the potential role of trained immunity in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nicole Messina
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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26
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Neeland MR, Andorf S, Manohar M, Dunham D, Lyu SC, Dang TD, Peters RL, Perrett KP, Tang MLK, Saffery R, Koplin JJ, Nadeau KC. Mass cytometry reveals cellular fingerprint associated with IgE+ peanut tolerance and allergy in early life. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1091. [PMID: 32107388 PMCID: PMC7046671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated peanut allergic is common, often serious, and usually lifelong. Not all individuals who produce peanut-specific IgE will react upon consumption of peanut and can eat the food without adverse reactions, known as sensitized tolerance. Here, we employ high-dimensional mass cytometry to define the circulating immune cell signatures associated with sensitized tolerance and clinical allergy to peanut in the first year of life. Key features of clinical peanut allergic are increased frequency of activated B cells (CD19hiHLADRhi), overproduction of TNFα and increased frequency of peanut-specific memory CD4 T cells. Infants with sensitized tolerance display reduced frequency but hyper-responsive naive CD4 T cells and an increased frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This work demonstrates the utility and power of high-dimensional mass cytometry analysis to interrogate the cellular interactions that are associated with allergic sensitization and clinical food allergy in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Diane Dunham
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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27
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Neeland MR, Martino DJ, Dang TD, Koplin JJ, Peters RL, Grishin A, Dharmage SC, Tang ML, Sampson HA, Saffery R, Allen KJ. B-cell phenotype and function in infants with egg allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:1022-1025. [PMID: 30589939 DOI: 10.1111/all.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Neeland
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - David J. Martino
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Thanh D. Dang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jennifer J. Koplin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Rachel L. Peters
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Alexander Grishin
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Mimi L. Tang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Katrina J. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
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Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Dharmage SC, Tang ML, McWilliam VL, Gurrin LC, Neeland MR, Lowe AJ, Ponsonby AL, Allen KJ. Early Exposure to Cow's Milk Protein Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Cow's Milk Allergic Outcomes. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2019; 7:462-470.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Neeland MR, Koplin JJ, Dang TD, Dharmage SC, Tang ML, Prescott SL, Saffery R, Martino DJ, Allen KJ. Early life innate immune signatures of persistent food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:857-864.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Weissler KA, Rasooly M, DiMaggio T, Bolan H, Cantave D, Martino D, Neeland MR, Tang MLK, Dang TD, Allen KJ, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Identification and analysis of peanut-specific effector T and regulatory T cells in children allergic and tolerant to peanut. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1699-1710.e7. [PMID: 29454004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy (PA) is potentially life-threatening and generally persists for life. Recent data suggest the skin might be an important route of initial sensitization to peanut, whereas early oral exposure to peanut is protective. In mice regulatory T (Treg) cells are central to the development of food tolerance, but their contribution to the pathogenesis of food allergy in human subjects is less clear. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify and phenotype CD4+ peanut-specific effector T (ps-Teff) cells and peanut-specific regulatory T (ps-Treg) cells in children with and without PA or PS. METHODS ps-Teff and ps-Treg cells were identified from peripheral blood of children with PA, children with PS, and nonsensitized/nonallergic (NA) school-aged children and 1-year-old infants based on upregulation of CD154 or CD137, respectively, after stimulation with peanut extract. Expression of cytokines and homing receptors was evaluated by using flow cytometry. Methylation at the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) locus was measured as a marker of Treg cell stability. RESULTS Differential upregulation of CD154 and CD137 efficiently distinguished ps-Teff and ps-Treg cells. A greater percentage of ps-Teff cells from infants with PA and infants with PS expressed the skin-homing molecule cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, suggesting activation after exposure through the skin, compared with NA infants. Although ps-Teff cells in both school-aged and infant children with PA produced primarily TH2 cytokines, a TH1-skewed antipeanut response was seen only in NA school-aged children. The frequency, homing receptor expression, and stability of ps-Treg cells in infants and school-aged children were similar, regardless of allergic status. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to peanut through the skin can prime the development of TH2 ps-Teff cells, which promote sensitization to peanut, despite the presence of normal numbers of ps-Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Weissler
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Marjohn Rasooly
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Tom DiMaggio
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hyejeong Bolan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Daly Cantave
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - David Martino
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thanh D Dang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Neeland MR, Shi W, Collignon C, Meeusen ENT, Didierlaurent AM, de Veer MJ. The adjuvant system AS01 up-regulates neutrophil CD14 expression and neutrophil-associated antigen transport in the local lymphatic network. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:46-53. [PMID: 29194575 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposome-based adjuvant system AS01 is under evaluation for use in several vaccines in clinical development. We have shown previously that AS01 injected with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a distinct cellular signature within the draining lymphatics that enhances local lymphocyte recruitment and antigen-specific humoral immunity. Here, we show that AS01-induced neutrophil recruitment is associated with increased expression of CD14 and enhanced antigen uptake capacity in neutrophils from both afferent and efferent lymphatic compartments during the first 48 h after vaccination. Significant and transient increases in CD14 expression on systemic neutrophils were also observed following primary and boost vaccination with HBsAg-AS01; however, they were not observed following additional encounter with HBsAg-alone or HBsAg-alum. These results show that following immunization with AS01, neutrophils expressing higher levels of CD14 are both more abundant and efficient at antigen uptake, warranting further investigation into the role of neutrophil-associated CD14 in the adjuvanticity of AS01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Shi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - E N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - M J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
The rates of IgE-mediated food allergy have increased globally, particularly in developed countries. The rising incidence is occurring more rapidly than changes to the genome sequence would allow, suggesting that environmental exposures that alter the immune response play an important role. Genetic factors may also be used to predict an increased predisposition to these environmental risk factors, giving rise to the concept of gene-environment interactions, whereby differential risk of environmental exposures is mediated through the genome. Increasing evidence also suggests a role for epigenetic mechanisms, which are sensitive to environmental exposures, in the development of food allergy. This paper discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the environmental and genetic risk factors for food allergy and how environmental exposures may interact with immune genes to modify disease risk or outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- a 1 Centre of Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Martino
- a 1 Centre of Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,b 2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Neeland MR, Shi W, Collignon C, Taubenheim N, Meeusen ENT, Didierlaurent AM, de Veer MJ. The Lymphatic Immune Response Induced by the Adjuvant AS01: A Comparison of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Immunization Routes. J Immunol 2016; 197:2704-14. [PMID: 27549170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The liposome-based adjuvant AS01 incorporates two immune stimulants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 is under investigation for use in several vaccines in clinical development. i.m. injection of AS01 enhances immune cell activation and dendritic cell (DC) Ag presentation in the local muscle-draining lymph node. However, cellular and Ag trafficking in the lymphatic vessels that connect an i.m. injection site with the local lymph node has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the in vivo cellular immune response induced by AS01 in an outbred ovine model, 2) to develop a lymphatic cannulation model that directly collects lymphatic fluid draining the muscle, and 3) to investigate the function of immune cells entering and exiting the lymphatic compartments after s.c. or i.m. vaccination with AS01 administered with hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg). We show that HBsAg-AS01 induces a distinct immunogenic cellular signature within the blood and draining lymphatics following both immunization routes. We reveal that MHCII(high) migratory DCs, neutrophils, and monocytes can acquire Ag within muscle and s.c. afferent lymph, and that HBsAg-AS01 uniquely induces the selective migration of Ag-positive neutrophils, monocytes, and an MHCII(high) DC-like cell type out of the lymph node via the efferent lymphatics that may enhance Ag-specific immunity. We report the characterization of the immune response in the lymphatic network after i.m. and s.c. injection of a clinically relevant vaccine, all in real time using a dose and volume comparable with that administered in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Wei Shi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Nadine Taubenheim
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Els N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Michael J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
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Neeland MR, Elhay MJ, Powell DR, Rossello FJ, Meeusen ENT, de Veer MJ. Transcriptional profile in afferent lymph cells following vaccination with liposomes incorporating CpG. Immunology 2015; 144:518-529. [PMID: 25308816 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine formulations incorporating innate immune stimulants are highly immunogenic; however, the biological signals that originate in the peripheral tissues at the site of injection and are transmitted to the local lymph node to induce immunity remain unclear. By directly cannulating the ovine afferent lymphatic vessels, we have previously shown that it takes 72 hr for mature antigen-loaded dendritic cells and monocytes to appear within afferent lymph following injection of a liposomal formulation containing the Toll-like receptor ligand CpG. In this present study, we characterize the global transcriptional signatures at this time-point in ovine afferent lymph cells as they migrate from the injection site into the lymphatics following vaccination with a liposome antigen formulation incorporating CpG. We show that at 72 hr post vaccination, liposomes alone induce no changes in gene expression and inflammatory profiles within afferent lymph; however, the incorporation of CpG drives interferon, antiviral and cytotoxic gene programmes. This study also measures the expression of key genes within individual cell types in afferent lymph. Antiviral gene signatures are most prominent in lymphocytes, which may play a significant and unexpected role in sustaining the immune response to vaccination at the site of injection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo immunological pathways that connect the injection site with the local draining lymph node following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Martin J Elhay
- Zoetis Research and Manufacturing Australia P/L, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Life Sciences Computation Centre, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Life Sciences Computation Centre, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Els N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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Neeland MR, Elhay MJ, Meeusen ENT, de Veer MJ. Vaccination with liposomal poly(I:C) induces discordant maturation of migratory dendritic cell subsets and anti-viral gene signatures in afferent lymph cells. Vaccine 2014; 32:6183-92. [PMID: 25280435 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine formulations administered in the periphery must activate naive immune cells within the lymph node. In this study, we have directly cannulated the ovine lymphatic vessels to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that transfer information from the periphery into the local draining lymph node via the afferent lymph. Inclusion of poly(I:C) into a liposomal vaccine formulation enhances the neutrophil-associated inflammatory immune response in afferent lymph and increases antigen uptake by migratory dendritic cells (DCs). Interestingly, antigen positive migratory DCs undergo discordant maturation, with peak expression of CD86 at 4 h and CD80 at 48-72 h post vaccination. Afferent lymph monocytes up-regulate expression of genes related to inflammatory and anti-viral immune phenotypes following vaccination however show no differentiation into APCs prior to their migration to the local lymph node as measured by surface MHC II expression. Finally, this study reveals the addition of poly(I:C) increases systemic antigen-specific humoral immunity. These findings provide a detailed understanding of the real time in vivo immune response induced by liposomes incorporating the innate immune agonist poly(I:C) utilising a vaccination setting comparable to that administered in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Martin J Elhay
- Zoetis Research and Manufacturing Australia P/L, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Els N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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36
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Neeland MR, Elhay MJ, Nathanielsz J, Meeusen ENT, de Veer MJ. Incorporation of CpG into a liposomal vaccine formulation increases the maturation of antigen-loaded dendritic cells and monocytes to improve local and systemic immunity. J Immunol 2014; 192:3666-75. [PMID: 24646740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccine formulations incorporating stimulants that target innate immune receptors have been shown to significantly increase vaccine immunity. Following vaccination, innate cell populations respond to immune stimuli, phagocytose and process Ag, and migrate from the injection site, via the afferent lymphatic vessels, into the local lymph node. In this study, the signals received in the periphery promote and sculpt the adaptive immune response. Effector lymphocytes then leave the lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessel to perform their systemic function. We have directly cannulated the ovine lymphatic vessels to detail the in vivo innate and adaptive immune responses occurring in the local draining lymphatic network following vaccination with a liposome-based delivery system incorporating CpG. We show that CpG induces the rapid recruitment of neutrophils, enhances dendritic cell-associated Ag transport, and influences the maturation of innate cells entering the afferent lymph. This translated into an extended period of lymph node shutdown, the induction of IFN-γ-positive T cells, and enhanced production of Ag-specific Abs. Taken together, the results of this study quantify the real-time in vivo kinetics of the immune response in a large animal model after vaccination of a dose comparable to that administered to humans. This study details enhancement of numerous immune mechanisms that provide an explanation for the immunogenic function of CpG when employed as an adjuvant within vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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37
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Neeland MR, Meeusen EN, de Veer MJ. Afferent lymphatic cannulation as a model system to study innate immune responses to infection and vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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