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Racané L, Ptiček L, Kostrun S, Raić-Malić S, Taylor MC, Delves M, Alsford S, Olmo F, Francisco AF, Kelly JM. Bis-6-amidino-benzothiazole Derivative that Cures Experimental Stage 1 African Trypanosomiasis with a Single Dose. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13043-13057. [PMID: 37722077 PMCID: PMC10544003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a series of symmetric bis-6-amidino-benzothiazole derivatives with aliphatic central units and evaluated their efficacy against bloodstream forms of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. Of these, a dicationic benzothiazole compound (9a) exhibited sub-nanomolar in vitro potency with remarkable selectivity over mammalian cells (>26,000-fold). Unsubstituted 5-amidine groups and a cyclohexyl spacer were the crucial determinants of trypanocidal activity. In all cases, mice treated with a single dose of 20 mg kg-1 were cured of stage 1 trypanosomiasis. The compound displayed a favorable in vitro ADME profile, with the exception of low membrane permeability. However, we found evidence that uptake by T. brucei is mediated by endocytosis, a process that results in lysosomal sequestration. The compound was also active in low nanomolar concentrations against cultured asexual forms of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, 9a has exquisite cross-species efficacy and represents a lead compound with considerable therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Ptiček
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Kostrun
- Chemistry
Department, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Craig Taylor
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
| | - Michael Delves
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
| | - Sam Alsford
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
| | - Francisco Olmo
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department
of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, U.K.
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2
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Omorou R, Bin Sa'id I, Delves M, Severini C, Kouakou YI, Bienvenu AL, Picot S. Protocols for Plasmodium gametocyte production in vitro: an integrative review and analysis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:451. [PMID: 36471426 PMCID: PMC9720971 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of Plasmodium gametocytes in vitro is a real challenge. Many protocols have been described, but few have resulted in the production of viable and infectious gametocytes in sufficient quantities to conduct research on-but not limited to-transmission-blocking drug and vaccine development. The aim of this review was to identify and discuss gametocyte production protocols that have been developed over the last two decades. METHODS We analyzed the original gametocyte production protocols published from 2000 onwards based on a literature search and a thorough review. A systematic review was performed of relevant articles identified in the PubMed, Web of Sciences and ScienceDirect databases. RESULTS A total 23 studies on the production of Plasmodium gametocytes were identified, 19 involving in vitro Plasmodium falciparum, one involving Plasmodium knowlesi and three involving ex vivo Plasmodium vivax. Of the in vitro studies, 90% used environmental stressors to trigger gametocytogenesis. Mature gametocytemia of up to 4% was reported. CONCLUSIONS Several biological parameters contribute to an optimal production in vitro of viable and infectious mature gametocytes. The knowledge gained from this systematic review on the molecular mechanisms involved in gametocytogenesis enables reproducible gametocyte protocols with transgenic parasite lines to be set up. This review highlights the need for additional gametocyte production protocols for Plasmodium species other than P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roukayatou Omorou
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, University of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Ibrahim Bin Sa'id
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, University of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kediri, 64127, Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1A 7HT, UK
| | - Carlo Severini
- Dipartimento Di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Yobouet Ines Kouakou
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, University of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, University of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,Service Pharmacie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, University of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut de Parasitologie Et Mycologie Médicale, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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3
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Le Manach C, Dam J, Woodland JG, Kaur G, Khonde LP, Brunschwig C, Njoroge M, Wicht KJ, Horatscheck A, Paquet T, Boyle GA, Gibhard L, Taylor D, Lawrence N, Yeo T, Mok S, Eastman RT, Dorjsuren D, Talley DC, Guo H, Simeonov A, Reader J, van der Watt M, Erlank E, Venter N, Zawada JW, Aswat A, Nardini L, Coetzer TL, Lauterbach SB, Bezuidenhout BC, Theron A, Mancama D, Koekemoer LL, Birkholtz LM, Wittlin S, Delves M, Ottilie S, Winzeler EA, von Geldern TW, Smith D, Fidock DA, Street LJ, Basarab GS, Duffy J, Chibale K. Identification and Profiling of a Novel Diazaspiro[3.4]octane Chemical Series Active against Multiple Stages of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum and Optimization Efforts. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2291-2309. [PMID: 33573376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel diazaspiro[3.4]octane series was identified from a Plasmodium falciparum whole-cell high-throughput screening campaign. Hits displayed activity against multiple stages of the parasite lifecycle, which together with a novel sp3-rich scaffold provided an attractive starting point for a hit-to-lead medicinal chemistry optimization and biological profiling program. Structure-activity-relationship studies led to the identification of compounds that showed low nanomolar asexual blood-stage activity (<50 nM) together with strong gametocyte sterilizing properties that translated to transmission-blocking activity in the standard membrane feeding assay. Mechanistic studies through resistance selection with one of the analogues followed by whole-genome sequencing implicated the P. falciparum cyclic amine resistance locus in the mode of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Le Manach
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jean Dam
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - John G Woodland
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gurminder Kaur
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Lutete P Khonde
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Christel Brunschwig
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kathryn J Wicht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - André Horatscheck
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Tanya Paquet
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Grant A Boyle
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Richard T Eastman
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel C Talley
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Janette Reader
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariëtte van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Erica Erlank
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Nelius Venter
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Jacek W Zawada
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Ayesha Aswat
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Luisa Nardini
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Theresa L Coetzer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sonja B Lauterbach
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Belinda C Bezuidenhout
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Anjo Theron
- Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Dalu Mancama
- Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lizette L Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Delves
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, U.K
| | - Sabine Ottilie
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-076, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-076, United States
| | | | | | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Leslie J Street
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - James Duffy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, ICC, Route de Pré-Bois 20, P.O. Box 1826, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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4
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Bradley J, Soumaré HM, Mahamar A, Diawara H, Roh M, Delves M, Drakeley C, Churcher TS, Dicko A, Gosling R, Bousema T. Transmission-blocking Effects of Primaquine and Methylene Blue Suggest Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Sterilization Rather Than Effects on Sex Ratio. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1436-1439. [PMID: 30753355 PMCID: PMC6763632 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametocyte density and sex ratio can predict the proportion of mosquitoes that will become infected after feeding on blood of patients receiving nongametocytocidal drugs. Because primaquine and methylene blue sterilize gametocytes before affecting their density and sex ratio, mosquito feeding experiments are required to demonstrate their early transmission-blocking effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bradley
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Harouna M Soumaré
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Michelle Roh
- Global Health Group, Malaria Elimination Initiative, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Churcher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Roly Gosling
- Global Health Group, Malaria Elimination Initiative, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: T. Bousema, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Department of Medical Microbiology 268, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ()
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5
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Vanaerschot M, Murithi JM, Pasaje CFA, Ghidelli-Disse S, Dwomoh L, Bird M, Spottiswoode N, Mittal N, Arendse LB, Owen ES, Wicht KJ, Siciliano G, Bösche M, Yeo T, Kumar TRS, Mok S, Carpenter EF, Giddins MJ, Sanz O, Ottilie S, Alano P, Chibale K, Llinás M, Uhlemann AC, Delves M, Tobin AB, Doerig C, Winzeler EA, Lee MCS, Niles JC, Fidock DA. Inhibition of Resistance-Refractory P. falciparum Kinase PKG Delivers Prophylactic, Blood Stage, and Transmission-Blocking Antiplasmodial Activity. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:806-816.e8. [PMID: 32359426 PMCID: PMC7369637 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The search for antimalarial chemotypes with modes of action unrelated to existing drugs has intensified with the recent failure of first-line therapies across Southeast Asia. Here, we show that the trisubstituted imidazole MMV030084 potently inhibits hepatocyte invasion by Plasmodium sporozoites, merozoite egress from asexual blood stage schizonts, and male gamete exflagellation. Metabolomic, phosphoproteomic, and chemoproteomic studies, validated with conditional knockdown parasites, molecular docking, and recombinant kinase assays, identified cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) as the primary target of MMV030084. PKG is known to play essential roles in Plasmodium invasion of and egress from host cells, matching MMV030084's activity profile. Resistance selections and gene editing identified tyrosine kinase-like protein 3 as a low-level resistance mediator for PKG inhibitors, while PKG itself never mutated under pressure. These studies highlight PKG as a resistance-refractory antimalarial target throughout the Plasmodium life cycle and promote MMV030084 as a promising Plasmodium PKG-targeting chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Vanaerschot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James M Murithi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charisse Flerida A Pasaje
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Louis Dwomoh
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK, Scotland
| | - Megan Bird
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Natasha Spottiswoode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nimisha Mittal
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren B Arendse
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Edward S Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kathryn J Wicht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Giulia Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Bösche
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - T R Santha Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emma F Carpenter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marla J Giddins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olalla Sanz
- Diseases of the Developing World Global Health Pharma Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Sabine Ottilie
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pietro Alano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK, Scotland
| | - Christian Doerig
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | - Marcus C S Lee
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jacquin C Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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6
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Delves M, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Upton L, Ruecker A, Leroy D, Gamo FJ, Sinden R. Fueling Open Innovation for Malaria Transmission-Blocking Drugs: Hundreds of Molecules Targeting Early Parasite Mosquito Stages. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2134. [PMID: 31572339 PMCID: PMC6753678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent successes at controlling malaria, progress has stalled with an estimated 219 million cases and 435,000 deaths in 2017 alone. Combined with emerging resistance to front line antimalarial therapies in Southeast Asia, there is an urgent need for new treatment options and novel approaches to halt the spread of malaria. Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria propagates through mosquito transmission. This imposes an acute bottleneck on the parasite population and transmission-blocking interventions exploiting this vulnerability are recognized as vital for malaria elimination. Methods 13,533 small molecules with known activity against Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasites were screened for additional transmission-blocking activity in an ex vivo Plasmodium berghei ookinete development assay. Active molecules were then counterscreened in dose response against HepG2 cells to determine their activity/cytotoxicity window and selected non-toxic representative molecules were fully profiled in a range of transmission and mosquito infection assays. Furthermore, the entire dataset was compared to other published screens of the same molecules against P. falciparum gametocytes and female gametogenesis. Results 437 molecules inhibited P. berghei ookinete formation with an IC50 < 10 μM. of which 273 showed >10-fold parasite selectivity compared to activity against HepG2 cells. Active molecules grouped into 49 chemical clusters of three or more molecules, with 25 doublets and 94 singletons. Six molecules representing six major chemical scaffolds confirmed their transmission-blocking activity against P. falciparum male and female gametocytes and inhibited P. berghei oocyst formation in the standard membrane feeding assay at 1 μM. When screening data in the P. berghei development ookinete assay was compared to published screens of the same library in assays against P. falciparum gametocytes and female gametogenesis, it was established that each assay identified distinct, but partially overlapping subsets of transmission-blocking molecules. However, selected molecules unique to each assay show transmission-blocking activity in mosquito transmission assays. Conclusion The P. berghei ookinete development assay is an excellent high throughput assay for efficiently identifying antimalarial molecules targeting early mosquito stage parasite development. Currently no high throughput transmission-blocking assay is capable of identifying all transmission-blocking molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Delves
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leanna Upton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruecker
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Zeeshan M, Ferguson DJ, Abel S, Burrrell A, Rea E, Brady D, Daniel E, Delves M, Vaughan S, Holder AA, Le Roch KG, Moores CA, Tewari R. Kinesin-8B controls basal body function and flagellum formation and is key to malaria transmission. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900488. [PMID: 31409625 PMCID: PMC6696982 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic flagella are conserved microtubule-based organelles that drive cell motility. Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, has a single flagellate stage: the male gamete in the mosquito. Three rounds of endomitotic division in male gametocyte together with an unusual mode of flagellum assembly rapidly produce eight motile gametes. These processes are tightly coordinated, but their regulation is poorly understood. To understand this important developmental stage, we studied the function and location of the microtubule-based motor kinesin-8B, using gene-targeting, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging. Deletion of the kinesin-8B gene showed no effect on mitosis but disrupted 9+2 axoneme assembly and flagellum formation during male gamete development and also completely ablated parasite transmission. Live cell imaging showed that kinesin-8B-GFP did not co-localise with kinetochores in the nucleus but instead revealed a dynamic, cytoplasmic localisation with the basal bodies and the assembling axoneme during flagellum formation. We, thus, uncovered an unexpected role for kinesin-8B in parasite flagellum formation that is vital for the parasite life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Jp Ferguson
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Abel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alana Burrrell
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Rea
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Declan Brady
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emilie Daniel
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Delves
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel, London, UK
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony A Holder
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Rita Tewari
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Norcross NR, Wilson C, Baragaña B, Hallyburton I, Osuna‐Cabello M, Norval S, Riley J, Fletcher D, Sinden R, Delves M, Ruecker A, Duffy S, Meister S, Antonova‐Koch Y, Crespo B, de Cózar C, Sanz LM, Gamo FJ, Avery VM, Frearson JA, Gray DW, Fairlamb AH, Winzeler EA, Waterson D, Campbell SF, Willis PA, Read KD, Gilbert IH. Substituted Aminoacetamides as Novel Leads for Malaria Treatment. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1329-1335. [PMID: 31188540 PMCID: PMC6899483 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the optimization of a phenotypic hit against Plasmodium falciparum based on an aminoacetamide scaffold. This led to N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-{[4-methyl-3-(morpholinosulfonyl)phenyl]amino}propanamide (compound 28) with low-nanomolar activity against the intraerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite, and which was found to be inactive in a mammalian cell counter-screen up to 25 μm. Inhibition of gametes in the dual gamete activation assay suggests that this family of compounds may also have transmission blocking capabilities. Whilst we were unable to optimize the aqueous solubility and microsomal stability to a point at which the aminoacetamides would be suitable for in vivo pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies, compound 28 displayed excellent antimalarial potency and selectivity; it could therefore serve as a suitable chemical tool for drug target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Norcross
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Beatriz Baragaña
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Irene Hallyburton
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Maria Osuna‐Cabello
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Suzanne Norval
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery BiologyGriffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia
| | - Stephan Meister
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of Medicine9500 Gilman Drive 0741La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Yevgeniya Antonova‐Koch
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of Medicine9500 Gilman Drive 0741La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Benigno Crespo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Diseases of the Developing World – Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campusc/ Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos28760MadridSpain
| | - Cristina de Cózar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Diseases of the Developing World – Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campusc/ Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos28760MadridSpain
| | - Laura M. Sanz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Diseases of the Developing World – Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campusc/ Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos28760MadridSpain
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Diseases of the Developing World – Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campusc/ Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos28760MadridSpain
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery BiologyGriffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia
| | - Julie A. Frearson
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - David W. Gray
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Alan H. Fairlamb
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Winzeler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of Medicine9500 Gilman Drive 0741La JollaCA92093USA
| | - David Waterson
- Medicines for Malaria VentureInternational Centre, Cointrin, Entrance G, 3rd FloorRoute de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826Geneva1215Switzerland
| | - Simon F. Campbell
- Medicines for Malaria VentureInternational Centre, Cointrin, Entrance G, 3rd FloorRoute de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826Geneva1215Switzerland
| | - Paul A. Willis
- Medicines for Malaria VentureInternational Centre, Cointrin, Entrance G, 3rd FloorRoute de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826Geneva1215Switzerland
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Drug Discovery UnitDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug DiscoverySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
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9
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Leven M, Held J, Duffy S, Alves Avelar LA, Meister S, Delves M, Plouffe D, Kuna K, Tschan S, Avery VM, Winzeler EA, Mordmüller B, Kurz T. 8-Aminoquinolines with an Aminoxyalkyl Side Chain Exert in vitro Dual-Stage Antiplasmodial Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:501-511. [PMID: 30605243 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 8-aminoquinolines (8-AQs) with an aminoxyalkyl side chain were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial properties against asexual blood stages, liver stages, and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. 8-AQs bearing 2-alkoxy and 5-phenoxy substituents on the quinoline ring system were found to be the most promising compounds under study, exhibiting potent blood schizontocidal and moderate tissue schizontocidal in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leven
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane Innovation Park Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Leandro A Alves Avelar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Meister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David Plouffe
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation Department, Novartis, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Krystina Kuna
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Serena Tschan
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane Innovation Park Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Witmer K, Sherrard-Smith E, Straschil U, Tunnicliff M, Baum J, Delves M. An inexpensive open source 3D-printed membrane feeder for human malaria transmission studies. Malar J 2018; 17:282. [PMID: 30075783 PMCID: PMC6076392 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of malaria transmission requires the experimental infection of mosquitoes with Plasmodium gametocytes. In the laboratory, this is achieved using artificial membrane feeding apparatus that simulate body temperature and skin of the host, and so permit mosquito feeding on reconstituted gametocyte-containing blood. Membrane feeders either use electric heating elements or complex glass chambers to warm the infected blood; both of which are expensive to purchase and can only be sourced from a handful of specialized companies. Presented and tested here is a membrane feeder that can be inexpensively printed using 3D-printing technology. RESULTS Using the Plasmodium falciparum laboratory strain NF54, three independent standard membrane feeding assays (SMFAs) were performed comparing the 3D-printed feeder against a commercial glass feeder. Exflagellation rates did not differ between the two feeders. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found in the oocyst load nor oocyst intensity of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes (mean oocyst range 1.3-6.2 per mosquito; infection prevalence range 41-79%). CONCLUSIONS Open source provision of the design files of the 3D-printed feeder will facilitate a wider range of laboratories to perform SMFAs in laboratory and field settings, and enable them to freely customize the design to their own requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Witmer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ellie Sherrard-Smith
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysing, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ursula Straschil
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Tunnicliff
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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11
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Pastrana-Mena R, Mathias DK, Delves M, Rajaram K, King JG, Yee R, Trucchi B, Verotta L, Dinglasan RR. A Malaria Transmission-Blocking (+)-Usnic Acid Derivative Prevents Plasmodium Zygote-to-Ookinete Maturation in the Mosquito Midgut. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3461-3472. [PMID: 27978709 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of drug resistance is a recurrent problem that has plagued efforts to treat and control malaria. Recent emergence of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia underscores the need to develop novel antimalarials and identify new targetable pathways in Plasmodium parasites. Transmission-blocking approaches, which typically target gametocytes in the host bloodstream or parasite stages in the mosquito gut, are recognized collectively as a strategy that when used in combination with antimalarials that target erythrocytic stages will not only cure malaria but will also prevent subsequent transmission. We tested four derivatives of (+)-usnic acid, a metabolite isolated from lichens, for transmission-blocking activity against Plasmodium falciparum using the standard membrane feeding assay. For two of the derivatives, BT37 and BT122, we observed a consistent dose-response relationship between concentration in the blood meal and oocyst intensity in the midgut. To explore their mechanism of action, we used the murine model Plasmodium berghei and found that both derivatives prevent ookinete maturation. Using fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated that in the presence of each compound zygote vitality was severely affected, and those that did survive failed to elongate and mature into ookinetes. The observed phenotypes were similar to those described for mutants of specific kinases (NEK2/NEK4) and of inner membrane complex 1 (IMC1) proteins, which are all vital to the zygote-to-ookinete transition. We discuss the implications of our findings and our high-throughput screening approach to identifying next generation, transmission-blocking antimalarials based on the scaffolds of these (+)-usnic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pastrana-Mena
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Derrick K. Mathias
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Delves
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krithika Rajaram
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonas G. King
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca Yee
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- W.
Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Williamson AE, Ylioja PM, Robertson MN, Antonova-Koch Y, Avery V, Baell JB, Batchu H, Batra S, Burrows JN, Bhattacharyya S, Calderon F, Charman SA, Clark J, Crespo B, Dean M, Debbert SL, Delves M, Dennis ASM, Deroose F, Duffy S, Fletcher S, Giaever G, Hallyburton I, Gamo FJ, Gebbia M, Guy RK, Hungerford Z, Kirk K, Lafuente-Monasterio M, Lee A, Meister S, Nislow C, Overington JP, Papadatos G, Patiny L, Pham J, Ralph S, Ruecker A, Ryan E, Southan C, Srivastava K, Swain C, Tarnowski M, Thomson P, Turner P, Wallace IM, Wells TC, White K, White L, Willis P, Winzeler EA, Wittlin S, Todd MH. Open Source Drug Discovery: Highly Potent Antimalarial Compounds Derived from the Tres Cantos Arylpyrroles. ACS Cent Sci 2016; 2:687-701. [PMID: 27800551 PMCID: PMC5084075 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antimalarial compounds remains a pivotal part of the strategy for malaria elimination. Recent large-scale phenotypic screens have provided a wealth of potential starting points for hit-to-lead campaigns. One such public set is explored, employing an open source research mechanism in which all data and ideas were shared in real time, anyone was able to participate, and patents were not sought. One chemical subseries was found to exhibit oral activity but contained a labile ester that could not be replaced without loss of activity, and the original hit exhibited remarkable sensitivity to minor structural change. A second subseries displayed high potency, including activity within gametocyte and liver stage assays, but at the cost of low solubility. As an open source research project, unexplored avenues are clearly identified and may be explored further by the community; new findings may be cumulatively added to the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Williamson
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M. Ylioja
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Murray N. Robertson
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yevgeniya Antonova-Koch
- Department
of Pediatrics, Pharmacology & Drug Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicky Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for
Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Harikrishna Batchu
- CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Sanjay Batra
- CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Jeremy N. Burrows
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box
1826, 20 rte de Pre-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Soumya Bhattacharyya
- CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Felix Calderon
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing
World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Julie Clark
- Department of Chemical
Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, MS 1000, Room E9050, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Benigno Crespo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing
World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Matin Dean
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan L. Debbert
- Department of Chemistry, Lawrence University, 233 Steitz Science
Hall, 711 East Boldt Way, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911, United States
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Adelaide S. M. Dennis
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frederik Deroose
- Asclepia Outsourcing Solutions, Damvalleistraat 49, B-9070 Destelbergen, Belgium
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for
Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sabine Fletcher
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for
Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Guri Giaever
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Irene Hallyburton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological
Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University
of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Francisco-Javier Gamo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing
World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Marinella Gebbia
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical
Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, MS 1000, Room E9050, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Zoe Hungerford
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kiaran Kirk
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Maria
J. Lafuente-Monasterio
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing
World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Anna Lee
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephan Meister
- Department
of Pediatrics, Pharmacology & Drug Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Corey Nislow
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - John P. Overington
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, U.K.
| | - George Papadatos
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, U.K.
| | - Luc Patiny
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
(ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - James Pham
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and
Biotechnology Institute, The University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart
A. Ralph
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and
Biotechnology Institute, The University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea Ruecker
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Eileen Ryan
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Southan
- IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, Centre for Integrative Physiology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, U.K.
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Chris Swain
- Cambridge MedChem
Consulting, 8 Mangers
Lane, Duxford, Cambridge CB22 4RN, U.K.
| | - Matthew
J. Tarnowski
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick Thomson
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K.
| | - Peter Turner
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Iain M. Wallace
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, U.K.
| | - Timothy
N. C. Wells
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box
1826, 20 rte de Pre-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Karen White
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Laura White
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Willis
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box
1826, 20 rte de Pre-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth A. Winzeler
- Department
of Pediatrics, Pharmacology & Drug Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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13
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Marques J, Valle-Delgado JJ, Urbán P, Baró E, Prohens R, Mayor A, Cisteró P, Delves M, Sinden RE, Grandfils C, de Paz JL, García-Salcedo JA, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Adaptation of targeted nanocarriers to changing requirements in antimalarial drug delivery. Nanomedicine 2016; 13:515-525. [PMID: 27720930 PMCID: PMC5332526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation of existing antimalarial nanocarriers to new Plasmodium stages, drugs, targeting molecules, or encapsulating structures is a strategy that can provide new nanotechnology-based, cost-efficient therapies against malaria. We have explored the modification of different liposome prototypes that had been developed in our group for the targeted delivery of antimalarial drugs to Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (pRBCs). These new models include: (i) immunoliposome-mediated release of new lipid-based antimalarials; (ii) liposomes targeted to pRBCs with covalently linked heparin to reduce anticoagulation risks; (iii) adaptation of heparin to pRBC targeting of chitosan nanoparticles; (iv) use of heparin for the targeting of Plasmodium stages in the mosquito vector; and (v) use of the non-anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan chondroitin 4-sulfate as a heparin surrogate for pRBC targeting. The results presented indicate that the tuning of existing nanovessels to new malaria-related targets is a valid low-cost alternative to the de novo development of targeted nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marques
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Urbán
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Baró
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Cisteró
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Robert E Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfacultary Research Center of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Chemistry Institute, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - José L de Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) CSIC-US, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A García-Salcedo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Le Bihan A, de Kanter R, Angulo-Barturen I, Binkert C, Boss C, Brun R, Brunner R, Buchmann S, Burrows J, Dechering KJ, Delves M, Ewerling S, Ferrer S, Fischli C, Gamo–Benito FJ, Gnädig NF, Heidmann B, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Leroy D, Martínez MS, Meyer S, Moehrle JJ, Ng CL, Noviyanti R, Ruecker A, Sanz LM, Sauerwein RW, Scheurer C, Schleiferboeck S, Sinden R, Snyder C, Straimer J, Wirjanata G, Marfurt J, Price RN, Weller T, Fischli W, Fidock DA, Clozel M, Wittlin S. Characterization of Novel Antimalarial Compound ACT-451840: Preclinical Assessment of Activity and Dose-Efficacy Modeling. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002138. [PMID: 27701420 PMCID: PMC5049785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin resistance observed in Southeast Asia threatens the continued use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in endemic countries. Additionally, the diversity of chemical mode of action in the global portfolio of marketed antimalarials is extremely limited. Addressing the urgent need for the development of new antimalarials, a chemical class of potent antimalarial compounds with a novel mode of action was recently identified. Herein, the preclinical characterization of one of these compounds, ACT-451840, conducted in partnership with academic and industrial groups is presented. METHOD AND FINDINGS The properties of ACT-451840 are described, including its spectrum of activities against multiple life cycle stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (asexual and sexual) and Plasmodium vivax (asexual) as well as oral in vivo efficacies in two murine malaria models that permit infection with the human and the rodent parasites P. falciparum and Plasmodium berghei, respectively. In vitro, ACT-451840 showed a 50% inhibition concentration of 0.4 nM (standard deviation [SD]: ± 0.0 nM) against the drug-sensitive P. falciparum NF54 strain. The 90% effective doses in the in vivo efficacy models were 3.7 mg/kg against P. falciparum (95% confidence interval: 3.3-4.9 mg/kg) and 13 mg/kg against P. berghei (95% confidence interval: 11-16 mg/kg). ACT-451840 potently prevented male gamete formation from the gametocyte stage with a 50% inhibition concentration of 5.89 nM (SD: ± 1.80 nM) and dose-dependently blocked oocyst development in the mosquito with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 30 nM (range: 23-39). The compound's preclinical safety profile is presented and is in line with the published results of the first-in-man study in healthy male participants, in whom ACT-451840 was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling was applied using efficacy in the murine models (defined either as antimalarial activity or as survival) in relation to area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC), maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), and time above a threshold concentration. The determination of the dose-efficacy relationship of ACT-451840 under curative conditions in rodent malaria models allowed prediction of the human efficacious exposure. CONCLUSION The dual activity of ACT-451840 against asexual and sexual stages of P. falciparum and the activity on P. vivax have the potential to meet the specific profile of a target compound that could replace the fast-acting artemisinin component and harbor additional gametocytocidal activity and, thereby, transmission-blocking properties. The fast parasite reduction ratio (PRR) and gametocytocidal effect of ACT-451840 were recently also confirmed in a clinical proof-of-concept (POC) study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Brunner
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Santiago Ferrer
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Fischli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo–Benito
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina F. Gnädig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - María Belén Jiménez-Díaz
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Santos Martínez
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Solange Meyer
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline L. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Andrea Ruecker
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura María Sanz
- GlaxoSmithKline, TresCantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Christian Scheurer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schleiferboeck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Judith Straimer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grennady Wirjanata
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Weller
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Phillips MA, Lotharius J, Marsh K, White J, Dayan A, White KL, Njoroge JW, El Mazouni F, Lao Y, Kokkonda S, Tomchick DR, Deng X, Laird T, Bhatia SN, March S, Ng CL, Fidock DA, Wittlin S, Lafuente-Monasterio M, Benito FJG, Alonso LMS, Martinez MS, Jimenez-Diaz MB, Bazaga SF, Angulo-Barturen I, Haselden JN, Louttit J, Cui Y, Sridhar A, Zeeman AM, Kocken C, Sauerwein R, Dechering K, Avery VM, Duffy S, Delves M, Sinden R, Ruecker A, Wickham KS, Rochford R, Gahagen J, Iyer L, Riccio E, Mirsalis J, Bathhurst I, Rueckle T, Ding X, Campo B, Leroy D, Rogers MJ, Rathod PK, Burrows JN, Charman SA. A long-duration dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor (DSM265) for prevention and treatment of malaria. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:296ra111. [PMID: 26180101 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most significant causes of childhood mortality, but disease control efforts are threatened by resistance of the Plasmodium parasite to current therapies. Continued progress in combating malaria requires development of new, easy to administer drug combinations with broad-ranging activity against all manifestations of the disease. DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria. We describe studies profiling the biological activity, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, and safety of DSM265, which supported its advancement to human trials. DSM265 is highly selective toward DHODH of the malaria parasite Plasmodium, efficacious against both blood and liver stages of P. falciparum, and active against drug-resistant parasite isolates. Favorable pharmacokinetic properties of DSM265 are predicted to provide therapeutic concentrations for more than 8 days after a single oral dose in the range of 200 to 400 mg. DSM265 was well tolerated in repeat-dose and cardiovascular safety studies in mice and dogs, was not mutagenic, and was inactive against panels of human enzymes/receptors. The excellent safety profile, blood- and liver-stage activity, and predicted long half-life in humans position DSM265 as a new potential drug combination partner for either single-dose treatment or once-weekly chemoprevention. DSM265 has advantages over current treatment options that are dosed daily or are inactive against the parasite liver stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA.
| | | | - Kennan Marsh
- Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-6104, USA
| | - John White
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anthony Dayan
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jacqueline W Njoroge
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Farah El Mazouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Yanbin Lao
- Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-6104, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kokkonda
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana R Tomchick
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Trevor Laird
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Health Sciences and Technology/Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra March
- Health Sciences and Technology/Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline L Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Maria Sanz Alonso
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Maria Santos Martinez
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Maria Belen Jimenez-Diaz
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Santiago Ferrer Bazaga
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - John N Haselden
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | | | - Yi Cui
- GSK, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Arun Sridhar
- GSK, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Anna-Marie Zeeman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Kocken
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Michael Delves
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK
| | - Robert Sinden
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK
| | - Andrea Ruecker
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK
| | - Kristina S Wickham
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | - Ed Riccio
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Ian Bathhurst
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Xavier Ding
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brice Campo
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M John Rogers
- National Institutes for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pradipsinh K Rathod
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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16
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Vaidya AB, Morrisey JM, Zhang Z, Das S, Daly TM, Otto TD, Spillman NJ, Wyvratt M, Siegl P, Marfurt J, Wirjanata G, Sebayang BF, Price RN, Chatterjee A, Nagle A, Stasiak M, Charman SA, Angulo-Barturen I, Ferrer S, Belén Jiménez-Díaz M, Martínez MS, Gamo FJ, Avery VM, Ruecker A, Delves M, Kirk K, Berriman M, Kortagere S, Burrows J, Fan E, Bergman LW. Pyrazoleamide compounds are potent antimalarials that target Na+ homeostasis in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5521. [PMID: 25422853 PMCID: PMC4263321 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for new antimalarial drugs, especially those with novel modes of action, is essential in the face of emerging drug-resistant parasites. Here we describe a new chemical class of molecules, pyrazoleamides, with potent activity against human malaria parasites and showing remarkably rapid parasite clearance in an in vivo model. Investigations involving pyrazoleamide-resistant parasites, whole-genome sequencing and gene transfers reveal that mutations in two proteins, a calcium-dependent protein kinase (PfCDPK5) and a P-type cation-ATPase (PfATP4), are necessary to impart full resistance to these compounds. A pyrazoleamide compound causes a rapid disruption of Na+ regulation in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Similar effect on Na+ homeostasis was recently reported for spiroindolones, which are antimalarials of a chemical class quite distinct from pyrazoleamides. Our results reveal that disruption of Na+ homeostasis in malaria parasites is a promising mode of antimalarial action mediated by at least two distinct chemical classes. Novel antimalarial drugs are urgently needed to combat parasite drug resistance. Here, Vaidya et al. describe a new chemical class of potent antimalarial compounds that act by disrupting the parasite's sodium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil B Vaidya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
| | - Joanne M Morrisey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357350, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
| | - Thomas M Daly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB101SA, UK
| | - Natalie J Spillman
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Matthew Wyvratt
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box 1826, 20Rt de Pr-Bois, Geneva 15 1215, Switzerland
| | - Peter Siegl
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box 1826, 20Rt de Pr-Bois, Geneva 15 1215, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Division of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Grennady Wirjanata
- Division of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Boni F Sebayang
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ric N Price
- 1] Division of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811, Australia [2] Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Arnab Chatterjee
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Advait Nagle
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Marcin Stasiak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357350, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Susan A Charman
- Center for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- GlaxoSmithKline, Malaria Support Group, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Santiago Ferrer
- GlaxoSmithKline, Malaria Support Group, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | | | - María Santos Martínez
- GlaxoSmithKline, Malaria Support Group, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Malaria Support Group, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Andrea Ruecker
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kiaran Kirk
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
| | - Jeremy Burrows
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, PO Box 1826, 20Rt de Pr-Bois, Geneva 15 1215, Switzerland
| | - Erkang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357350, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence W Bergman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Parasitology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 190129, USA
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17
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Delves M, Plouffe D, Scheurer C, Meister S, Wittlin S, Winzeler EA, Sinden RE, Leroy D. The activities of current antimalarial drugs on the life cycle stages of Plasmodium: a comparative study with human and rodent parasites. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001169. [PMID: 22363211 PMCID: PMC3283556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a disease of devastating global impact, killing more than 800,000 people every year-the vast majority being children under the age of 5. While effective therapies are available, if malaria is to be eradicated a broader range of small molecule therapeutics that are able to target the liver and the transmissible sexual stages are required. These new medicines are needed both to meet the challenge of malaria eradication and to circumvent resistance. METHODS AND FINDINGS Little is known about the wider stage-specific activities of current antimalarials that were primarily designed to alleviate symptoms of malaria in the blood stage. To overcome this critical gap, we developed assays to measure activity of antimalarials against all life stages of malaria parasites, using a diverse set of human and nonhuman parasite species, including male gamete production (exflagellation) in Plasmodium falciparum, ookinete development in P. berghei, oocyst development in P. berghei and P. falciparum, and the liver stage of P. yoelii. We then compared 50 current and experimental antimalarials in these assays. We show that endoperoxides such as OZ439, a stable synthetic molecule currently in clinical phase IIa trials, are strong inhibitors of gametocyte maturation/gamete formation and impact sporogony; lumefantrine impairs development in the vector; and NPC-1161B, a new 8-aminoquinoline, inhibits sporogony. CONCLUSIONS These data enable objective comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of each chemical class at targeting each stage of the lifecycle. Noting that the activities of many compounds lie within achievable blood concentrations, these results offer an invaluable guide to decisions regarding which drugs to combine in the next-generation of antimalarial drugs. This study might reveal the potential of life-cycle-wide analyses of drugs for other pathogens with complex life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Plouffe
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Scheurer
- Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute Swiss TPH, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Meister
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute Swiss TPH, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth A. Winzeler
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
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