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Rahman M, Ahmad I, Hussain ME. Comparison of intermittent pneumatic compression and active recovery after sub-maximal aerobic exercise in collegiate soccer players: in relation with heart rate variability and heart rate recovery. Sport Sci Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahmad I, Verma S, Noohu MM, Hussain ME. Effect of sensorimotor training on spatiotemporal parameters of gait among middle and older age adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 38:230-240. [PMID: 34334087 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1955671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sensorimotor training on spatiotemporal parameters of gait among middle-aged and older adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS A randomised controlled study with four parallel arms (two intervention groups and two control groups) was conducted. Thirty-seven DPN patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 16 middle-aged and 21 older adults were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group were administered eight weeks (three days/week) of sensorimotor training along with diabetes and foot care education whereas participants in the control group received only diabetes and foot care education. Outcome measures involved spatiotemporal parameters of gait at self-paced and maximal-paced, measured before and after eight weeks. RESULTS Age difference was found to be significant in velocity (p ≤ 0.013) and stride length (p ≤ 0.017) at self-paced and maximal-paced walking. After the intervention, velocity was found to be a significant group effect and time × group interaction at self-paced (p = 0.003) and maximal-paced (p = 0.003) walking. Stride length (p = 0.006) was found to be a significant group effect and time × group interaction at self-paced only. Cadence (p = 0.041) and gait cycle (p = 0.05) were found to be significant time × group interaction only at maximal-paced walking. Stance (p ≤ 0.047) and double limb support (p ≤ 0.02) were found to be significant group effect and time × group interaction at self-paced and maximal-paced walking. CONCLUSION Sensorimotor training improves spatiotemporal parameters of gait after eight weeks in similar fashion in middle-aged and older age DPN patients, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Majumi Mohamad Noohu
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ejaz Hussain
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, SGT University, GuruGram, Haryana, India
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Ahmad I, Noohu MM, Verma S, Singla D, Hussain ME. Effect of sensorimotor training on balance measures and proprioception among middle and older age adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 2019; 74:114-120. [PMID: 31499405 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sensorimotor training on balance measures, and proprioception, among middle-aged and older adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS A randomized controlled study with four parallel arms (two intervention groups and two control groups) was conducted at CPRS, Jamia Millia Islamia. Thirty-seven individuals were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 16 middle-aged and 21 older adults were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups, respectively. Subjects in the intervention group were administered eight weeks (3days/week) of sensorimotor training, involving 10 different types of exercises, progressed from easy to hard every two weeks, along with diabetes and foot care education; subjects in control group received diabetes and foot care education only. Outcomes measures involved static and dynamic balance measures, centre of pressure (COP) range, COP sway, and proprioception, measured before and after eight weeks. RESULTS Baseline measures showed significant age effect for timed up and go test (TUG) (p = 0.002), one leg stance (OLS) in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) (p ≤ 0.041), COP range in front (p = 0.007), back (p = 0.009) and right direction (p = 0.013), COP sway with visual feedback in front-back direction (p = 0.027), COP sway without visual feedback in left-right direction (p = 0.028), and proprioception in right direction (p = 0.026). After intervention, OLS EO and EC on both legs showed significant time effect (p ≤ 0.003), group effect as well as time×group interaction (p < 0.05), and age effect and time×age interaction (p ≤ 0.04). Functional reach test, TUG, COP range, COP sway, and proprioception were found with significant time effect (p < 0.03), group effect, and time×group interaction (p ≤ 0.035). Age effect and time×age interaction were found to be non-significant for all COP ranges and COP sway. CONCLUSION Sensorimotor training improved static and dynamic balance as well as proprioception measures after eight weeks of exercise intervention. Static balance showed greater improvement in the middle-aged than older aged adults, while dynamic balance and proprioception showed similar results for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Majumi M Noohu
- Human Performance Lab, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Singla
- Human Performance Lab, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ejaz Hussain
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.
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Khan AM, Dutta P, Sarmah CK, Baruah NK, Das S, Pathak AK, Sarmah P, Hussain ME, Mahanta J. Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in a tea garden worker population of Dibrugarh (Assam), India after six rounds of mass drug administration. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:314-320. [PMID: 26714512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in the state of Assam and mass drug administration (MDA) programme for LF elimination is being implemented in the state since 2004. A study on prevalence of microfilaria (mf), disease endemicity and vector infection was carried out in a tea garden population of Dibrugarh, Assam (India) to assess the effect of ongoing MDA programme on elimination of LF. METHODS Finger prick thick blood smears (20 mm3) were made from individuals aged ≥2 yr old during night blood survey in between 2000-0000 hrs during the period of November 2012 to February 2013. Blood smears were dehaemoglobinised, stained with Giemsa and examined under microscope for presence of mf. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected during 0600-1000 hrs and female Culex quinquefasciatus were dissected and examined under microscope for larval forms of the parasite. RESULTS A total of 634 blood smears were collected and screened for mf and 47 (7.41%) individuals were found microfilaraemic, with predominance of males (74.5%). Highest mf rate (20.0%) was seen in the males of 30-39 yr age group while in females, age group of 10-19 yr recorded maximum mf rate (5.48%). Entomological collection and dissection of Cx. quinquefasciatus revealed presence of larval stages of the parasite and infection and infectivity rates recorded were 13.20 and 3.70%, respectively. Chronic clinical manifestations in the form of elephantiasis and hydrocele were recorded in 33 (5.73%) subjects of the 575 examined. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Mass drug administration data showed six rounds of MDA with drug distribution coverage in between 63.42 and 95.93% in the study population. Out of 634 individuals examined 47 were found microfilaraemic giving an overall infection rate of 7.41%. Mosquito vector infection and infectivity rates were 13.20 and 3.70%, respectively. Presence of high mf rate, vector infectivity rate and clinical cases in the study population after six rounds of MDA warrants concerted efforts to be made for effective implementation and monitoring of MDA for success of LF elimination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Khan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Khan AM, Dutta P, Das S, Pathak AK, Sarmah P, Hussain ME, Mahanta J. Microfilarial periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti in Assam, Northeast India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:208-212. [PMID: 26418650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Wuchereria bancrofti has shown nocturnal periodicity in India and other endemic countries of the world except pacific regions where non-periodic or diurnal sub-periodic forms have been reported. Presence of sub-periodic form of W. bancrofti in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India and a case report of sub- periodic form of W. bancrofti from Mysore, India provide basis for exploring the periodicity pattern of microfilaria of W. bancrofti prevalent in Assam, Northeastern region of India. State of Assam has unique geographical location as its Northeastern region shares international boundaries with Nepal, China, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Evolutionary association of W. bancrofti found in Assam is not known and possibility of its link with W. bancrofti form, prevalent in neighbouring countries may not be ruled out. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the microfilarial periodicity of W. bancrofti in Assam. METHODS Ten microfilaria positive adult male individuals having moderate to high microfilaraemia were selected. Informed written consent from each participant was obtained. The presence of microfilaria was observed at two hourly intervals over a period of 24 h using 50 μl of finger prick peripheral blood samples. Peripheral blood smears were processed, stained and examined under microscope and microfilaria counts were recorded. RESULTS Data collected were calculated and analyzed using modified statistical method, and the periodicity curve was prepared. Typical nocturnal periodicity was observed at a peak time of 0003 hrs with a periodicity index of 136.2. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Analysis of the data revealed nocturnal periodicity of the W. bancrofti prevalent in the Assam with peak periodicity about one hour ahead of the other states in India. Findings will be helpful in evaluation and monitoring of ongoing MDA programme for elimination of LF in Assam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Khan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Northeastern Region, Dibrugarh, India
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Hameed UA, Manzar D, Raza S, Shareef MY, Hussain ME. Resistance Training Leads to Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Control of Glycemia and Muscular Strength in Untrained Middle-aged Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Am J Med Sci 2012; 4:336-43. [PMID: 22912941 PMCID: PMC3421911 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.99507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies in diverse ethnic groups have reported that progressive resistance training is effective for glycemic control. However, it is unknown whether this form of exercise therapy leads to clinically meaningful changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric parameters in Asian Indians. Aim: The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of progressive resistance training on glycemic, musculoskeletal, anthropometric and cardiovascular variables in untrained middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients living in North India. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight untrained patients, 35 men and 13 women (mean ± SD age, 44.7 ± 4.2 years), with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups: A group receiving progressive resistance training and a control group who provided participative involvement. The primary outcomes were glycemic control and muscle strength. Additionally, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk parameters were evaluated at baseline and after intervention or control program at 8 weeks. Results: Mixed ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the main outcomes of the study. Change in glycosylated hemoglobin was mean ± SD, 0.6 ± 0.5 in progressive resistance training group compared to no change in control group (P < .001). Progressive resistance training group showed a greater improvement in upper and lower body muscle strength (P < .001), waist circumference (P = .008), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .004). However, no significant group-by-time interaction was detected on body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: A short-term progressive resistance training program leads to clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control and muscle strength in untrained middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients of Asian Indian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unaise Abdul Hameed
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Central University, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Preet A, Siddiqui MR, Taha A, Badhai J, Hussain ME, Yadava PK, Baquer NZ. Long-term effect of Trigonella foenum graecum and its combination with sodium orthovanadate in preventing histopathological and biochemical abnormalities in diabetic rat ocular tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 289:137-47. [PMID: 16718375 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder (TSP) and Sodium Orthovanadate (SOV) have been shown to demonstrate antidiabetic effects by stabilizing glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism in experimental type-1 diabetes. However their efficacy in controlling histopathological and biochemical abnormalities in ocular tissues associated with diabetic retinopathy is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative efficacy of individual as well as combination therapy of TSP and SOV in 8 weeks diabetic rat lens and retina. Retinas and lenses were taken from control, alloxan-induced diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated separately with insulin, 5%TSP, SOV (0.6 mg/ml) and a combined dose of SOV (0.2 mg/ml) and 5%TSP for 60 days. Control and each experimental group had six rats. Alterations in the activities of enzymes HK (hexokinase), AR (aldose reductase), SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase), G-6-PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase) and levels of metabolites like sorbitol, fructose, glucose, MDA (malondialdehyde) and GSH (reduced glutathione) were measured in the cytosolic fraction of lenses besides measuring blood glucose levels and glycosylated haemoglobin. Histopathological abnormalities were studied in the lens using photomicrography and retina using transmission electron microscopy. Blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin levels and polyol pathway enzymes AR and SDH increased significantly causing accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in the diabetic lens and treatment with SOV and TSP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased these to control levels. Similarly, SOV and TSP treatments modulated the activities of HK, G-6-PD, GPx and GR in the rat lens to control values. Ultrastructure of the diabetic retina revealed disintegration of the inner nuclear layer cells with reduction in rough endoplasmic reticulum and swelling of mitochondria in the bipolar cells; and these histopathological events were effectively restored to control state by SOV and TSP treatments. In this study SOV and TSP effectively controlled ocular histopathological and biochemical abnormalities associated with experimental type-1 diabetes, and a combination regimen of low dose of SOV with TSP demonstrated the most significant effect. In conclusion, the potential of SOV and TSP alone or in low dose combination may be considered as promising approaches for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy and other ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Preet
- Hormone and Drug Research Laboratory, Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Siddiqui MR, Moorthy K, Taha A, Hussain ME, Baquer NZ. Low doses of vanadate and Trigonella synergistically regulate Na+/K + -ATPase activity and GLUT4 translocation in alloxan-diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 285:17-27. [PMID: 16622606 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of vanadate to diabetic animals have been shown to stabilize the glucose homeostasis and restore altered metabolic pathways. However, vanadate exerts these effects at relatively high doses with several toxic effects. Low doses of vanadate are relatively safe but unable to elicit any antidiabetic effects. The present study explored the prospect of using low doses of vanadate with Trigonella foenum graecum, seed powder (TSP), another antidiabetic agent, and to evaluate their antidiabetic effect in diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetic rats were treated with insulin, vanadate, TSP and low doses of vanadate with TSP for three weeks. The effect of these antidiabetic compounds was examined on general physiological parameters, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity, membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity in liver, kidney and heart tissues. Expression of glucose transporter (GLUT4) protein was also examined by immunoblotting method in experimental rat heart after three weeks of diabetes induction. Diabetic rats showed high blood glucose levels. Activity of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase decreased in diabetic liver and heart. However, kidney showed a significant increase in Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity. Diabetic rats exhibited an increased level of lipid peroxidation and decreased membrane fluidity. GLUT4 distribution was also significantly lowered in heart of alloxan diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin, TSP, vanadate and a combined therapy of lower dose of vanadate with TSP revived normoglycemia and restored the altered level of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity and also induced the redistribution of GLUT4 transporter. TSP treatment alone is partially effective in restoring the above diabetes-induced alterations. Combined therapy of vanadate and TSP was the most effective in normalization of altered membrane linked functions and GLUT4 distribution without any harmful side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Siddiqui
- Hormone and Drug Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Siddiqui MR, Taha A, Moorthy K, Hussain ME, Basir SF, Baquer NZ. Amelioration of altered antioxidant status and membrane linked functions by vanadium andTrigonella in alloxan diabetic rat brains. J Biosci 2005; 30:483-90. [PMID: 16184010 DOI: 10.1007/bf02703722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder (TSP) and sodium orthovanadate (SOV) have been reported to have antidiabetic effects. However, SOV exerts hypoglycemic effects at relatively high doses with several toxic effects. We used low doses of vanadate in combination with TSP and evaluated their antidiabetic effects on anti-oxidant enzymes and membrane-linked functions in diabetic rat brains. In rats, diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate (15 mg/100 g body wt.) and they were treated with 2 IU insulin, 0.6 mg/ml SOV, 5% TSP and a combination of 0.2 mg/ml SOV with 5% TSP for 21 days. Blood glucose levels, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Na+/K+ ATPase, membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were determined in different fractions of whole brain after 21 days of treatment. Diabetic rats showed high blood glucose (P less than 0.001), decreased activities of SOD, catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01), increased levels of GPx and MDA (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001) and decreased membrane fluidity (P less than 0.01). Treatment with different antidiabetic compounds restored the above-altered parameters. Combined dose of Trigonella and vanadate was found to be the most effective treatment in normalizing these alterations. Lower doses of vanadate could be used in combination with TSP to effectively counter diabetic alterations without any toxic effects.
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Zahid Ashraf M, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Antiatherosclerotic effects of dietary supplementations of garlic and turmeric: Restoration of endothelial function in rats. Life Sci 2005; 77:837-57. [PMID: 15964306 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protections of endothelial integrity by elimination of certain risk have proven to be effective in maintaining hemostasis and in slowing the progress of the cardiovascular disease. Indigenous drugs are the natural source of protection against these disorders, which can be used more effectively by the knowledge of their active ingredients as well as by their mechanism of action. Most prominent among these drugs are garlic, [Alium sativum L., Family: Liliaceae, Bulbs] and turmeric [Curcuma longa L., Family: Zingiberaceae, Rhizomes]; commonly used Indian traditional spices. In the present study, we examined the atheroscleroprotective potential of diet supplementation of garlic and turmeric by measuring serum lipid profile, changes in cardiovascular parameters i.e. arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram and heart rate. We further tried to elucidate the mechanism of restoration of endothelial function and the role of endothelium-derived factors mainly, nitric oxide (NO) and cycloxygenase derived contracting factors. A notable restoration of arterial blood pressure was seen in animals on garlic and turmeric supplemented diet. Animals on supplemented diet showed a significantly enhanced vasorelaxant response to adenosine, acetylcholine, isoproterenol and contractile effect of 5-hyderoxytryptamine was significantly attenuated. Inhibition of these responses by L-NMMA was smaller in tissues from herbal treated animals. Incubation of tissues with L-arginine (10(-5) M) resulted in a significant reversal of L-NMMA induced inhibition of endothelium-mediated relaxation, which appeared to be pronounced in rings from animals supplemented with herbs as compared to hypercholesterolemic animals. Addition of indomethacin (10(-5) M) augmented the relaxation in all the groups of animals. The present study demonstrated that garlic and turmeric are potent vasorelaxants as well as reduce the atherogenic properties of cholesterol. Whether combination of these vasodilators in cardiovascular disorders with increased peripheral vascular resistance remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zahid Ashraf
- Department of Physiology, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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Ashraf MZ, Singh M, Hussain ME, Prasad AK, Fahim M. Influence of influenza viral infection on airway smooth muscle activity. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:329-33. [PMID: 11491576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The contractility of airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an important role in pathophysiology of several bronchial disorders. Increased contraction of ASM during asthma and respiratory viral infection has been attributed to the release of mediators acting through different receptors. In the present study, influence of influenza type A virus (H1N1) infection has been examined on ASM responsiveness to various bronchoactive agents e.g. adenosine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and isoproterenol in an organ bath set up for isolated tissue preparation. The contractile effect of adenosine, histamine and 5-HT was enhanced, however, relaxant response of isoproterenol was attenuated with the duration following viral exposure. The most prominent response was observed 48 to 72 hr after infection and tissues from multiple exposure to virus infected animals showed the maximum contractile response. Results demonstrated the deleterious effect of viral infection on ASM function and the findings will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of influenza virus induced bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Ashraf
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
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Ashraf MZ, Khan MS, Hameed HA, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Endothelium modulated vasorelaxant response of a polypharmaceutical herbal drug (lipotab) and its individual constituents. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 66:97-102. [PMID: 10432214 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the endothelium modulated effects of polypharmaceutical drug lipotab and its individual ingredients in isolated aortic rings of rat. Endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine 10(-6) M and drugs were added in cumulative manner in concentration ranging from 1 to 50 microg/ml. The results demonstrated an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of lipotab and its individual ingredients, with the exception of nicotinic acid. The dose dependent relaxant response of nicotinic acid was not altered significantly in the endothelium-denuded rings, suggesting a direct effect of the drug on the vascular smooth muscle. Vasorelaxant effect of lipotab and its individual constituents suggests the therapeutic potential of these compounds in certain cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Ashraf
- Department of Physiology, VP Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
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Krishna B, Hussain ME, Chakrabarty AS, Jain AK, Chakrabarty K, Fahim M. Hypotensive effect of intracerebroventricular injection of norepinephrine and its modulation by alpha and beta adrenergic blockers in conscious rabbits. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 39:361-8. [PMID: 8582748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of central adrenoceptors in the hypotensive effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of norepinephrine (NE) in conscious rabbits. Experiments were carried out on 19 adult rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) of either sex. A dose-dependent hypotensive response to ICV injection of NE was observed with no significant change in heart rate. The hypotensive response of NE was blocked 74.2 +/- 0.7% by yohimbine (alpha-2 adrenergic blocker), and 25.0 +/- 0.5% by metoprolol (beta-1 adrenergic blocker). NE response was not affected either by prazosin or butoxamine (alpha-1 and beta-2 adrenergic blockers respectively). The results suggest that the dose-dependent hypotensive response of ICV administered NE is mediated through alpha-2 and beta-1 central adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krishna
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Dehi
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Talwar A, Hussain ME, Gupta CK, Fahim M. Cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine during acute experimental anaemia in anaesthetized cats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 39:106-110. [PMID: 7544322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed on anaesthetized artificially ventilated cats to study the effects of phenylephrine (PE) on cardiovascular responsiveness, before and after induction of experimental anaemia. Acute anaemia was induced by replacement of blood by dextran in three steps of 20% each of total estimated blood volume. The effect of PE (20 micrograms/kg) was investigated at four stages: control and after 1st, 2nd and 3rd exchanges of blood. Induction of anaemia produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) and a decrease in right atrial pressure (RAP). No significant change in mean arterial pressure (MAP), LV dP/dt max and blood gas tension was observed. Administration of bolus dose of PE produced a rapid rise in MAP, LVdP/dt max, and a decrease in HR without a change in the RAP. The pattern of response to PE was similar after induction of acute anaemia, however the magnitude of the response was significantly reduced. The attenuation in the response to PE was related to the fall in the haematocrit (HCT) level. This shows that induction of experimental anaemia, produced an increase in CO due to an increase in HR and SV and the effect of PE on cardiovascular responsiveness was significantly attenuated. The reduced sensitivity to PE during acute anaemia could be due to many factors such as inadequate O2 supply, effect of local vasodilating agents or some other cardiotonic agents which are known to contribute to vascular responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talwar
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi
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Talwar A, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Hemodilution-induced inhibition of cardiovascular responses to some vasoactive agents in anesthetized cats. Jpn J Physiol 1995; 45:423-36. [PMID: 7474526 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.45.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular responses to adrenaline and acetylcholine (ACh) were investigated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated cats in control and after induction of acute normovolemic hemodilution. Progressive replacement of blood by high molecular weight dextran was performed in three steps of 20% each of the total estimated blood volume. Hemodynamic responses were recorded at four stages: the control stage and after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd exchanges of blood for dextran. With the fall in hematocrit (Ht) there was a corresponding significant (p < 0.05) increase in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV), and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (TPR). However, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular contractility (LV dP/dtmax), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and right atrial pressure (RAP) did not show any significant (p > 0.05) change due to hemodilution. The cardiovascular responses of intravenously administered adrenaline and ACh were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated. Responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a potent vasodilator and an exogenous source of nitric oxide, were also attenuated after hemodilution. The increase in SV and HR seem to be the contributing factors to the CO response. Our results indicate that the cardiovascular responsiveness to adrenaline, ACh and SNP is reduced during acute hemodilution which could be due to inadequate myocardial and vascular O2 supply. The possibility of a modulatory role of an endothelium-dependent mechanism and reflex regulatory responses by arterial baroreceptors during hemodilution also exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talwar
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
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Hussain ME, Fahim M. Cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside during acute coronary occlusion in dogs. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1994; 38:252-8. [PMID: 7883288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of administration of pressor agent phenylephrine (PE) and depressor agent, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10-40 micrograms/kg) on arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) were investigated during acute occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated dogs with and without the influence of selective blockade of autonomic nervous system (ANS). ABP response to PE was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated following 4 hrs of LAD occlusion in all the four groups of animals. SNP response at higher dose (40 micrograms/kg) was also significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated 4 hrs after LAD occlusion in ANS intact, beta-blocked and atropinized groups. The bradycardia response to PE after LAD occlusion was abolished in vagotomized group while in the other three groups, it was significantly attenuated following 4 hrs of LAD occlusion. The tachycardia response to SNP was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated 4 hrs after LAD occlusion in ANS intact and atropinized animals. The response was abolished in beta-blocked animals and no significant change occurred (P > 0.05) in vagotomized group. This study suggests that the cardiovascular reflex effects of PE and SNP are significantly attenuated following acute LAD occlusion. Blocking any of the components of ANS changed this responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi
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Visscher DW, Castellani R, Wykes SM, Sarkar FH, Hussain ME. Concurrent abnormal expression of ERBB-2, EGFR, and p53 genes and clinical disease progression of breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1993; 28:261-6. [PMID: 7912562 DOI: 10.1007/bf00666587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic phenotype in human solid tumors is believed to follow stochastic acquisition of structural genetic aberrations-so-called multistep tumor progression. We tested this hypothesis in breast carcinoma by immunostaining 89 stage-heterogeneous cases for the products of three genes (p53, ERBB-2, and EGFR) which are frequently altered in this tumor system. Variable relationships were observed between advanced disease stage and immunostaining for individual gene products (ERBB-2 - p = 0.05, EGFR - p = 0.02, p53 - p = 0.12, Chi Square test). Regional or distant metastases at presentation correlated with multiple oncogene/tumor suppressor gene expression abnormalities: node negative -59% none positive, 29% one positive, 12% two or more positive, vs. node positive -37% none positive, 23% one positive, 39% two or more positive (p = 0.01). Only 2/12 (17%) of tumors with distant metastases at presentation were negative for abnormal expression of any of these gene products, and 7/12 (58%) were positive for two or three. Among axillary node negative patients who developed recurrences, 67% exhibited staining for at least one gene product, compared to only 27% of those without recurrences (p = 0.02). All 5 cases with abnormal staining for each gene product had regional or distant metastases at presentation and recurred. In multivariate analysis, individual expression of p53 outweighed expression of ERBB-2 and EGFR in correlation with outcome. These data suggest clinical neoplastic progression of breast carcinomas correlates with cumulative genetic events detectable by protein expression. Short term recurrence, however, may correlate more closely with abnormal expression of p53 than with EGFR or ERBB-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Visscher
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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Hussain ME, Krishana B, Singh M, Fahim M. Inhibition of arterial baroreceptor reflex during coronary artery occlusion. Jpn J Physiol 1992; 42:741-52. [PMID: 1491500 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.42.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of baroreceptor reflex during myocardial ischemia induced by acute occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was studied in anesthetized, artificially ventilated, and thoracotomized dogs. Occlusion of LAD attenuated the baroreflex mediated changes in heart rate (HR) in response to changes in arterial pressure (AP) in the animals with intact autonomic nervous system (ANS). The HR increased significantly with the time of occlusion of LAD in control (ANS) as well as in beta-blocked group, suggesting vagal inhibition. In atropinized and vagotomized animals, the HR remained unchanged following LAD occlusion. In control group, the sensitivity of baroreflex mediated tachycardia response to hypotension and bradycardia response to hypertension, after 4 h of LAD occlusion, was reduced. In beta-blocked animals, the tachycardia response after LAD occlusion was drastically reduced to almost zero. The peak sensitivity of baroreflex bradycardia response was reduced in atropinized and vagotomized animals while the peak sensitivity of baroreflex tachycardia response increased after vagotomy. In contrast, bradycardia response was increased after beta-blockade. These data indicate that acute LAD occlusion attenuates arterial baroreflex control of HR and reduction of baroreflex sensitivity is mediated by parasympathetic efferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
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