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Brodeur S, Oliver D, Ahmed MS, Radua J, Venables J, Gao Y, Gigante V, Veneziano G, Vinci G, Chesney E, Nandha S, De Micheli A, Basadonne I, Floris V, Salazar de Pablo G, Fusar-Poli P. Why we need to pursue both universal and targeted prevention to reduce the incidence of affective and psychotic disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105669. [PMID: 38599355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of universal preventive approaches in reducing the incidence of affective/psychotic disorders is unclear. We therefore aimed to synthesise the available evidence from randomised controlled trials. For studies reporting change in prevalence, we simulated all possible scenarios for the proportion of individuals with the disorder at baseline and at follow-up to exclude them. We then combined these data with studies directly measuring incidence and conducted random effects meta-analysis with relative risk (RR) to estimate the incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group. Eighteen studies (k=21 samples) were included investigating the universal prevention of depression in 66,625 individuals. No studies were available investigating universal prevention on the incidence of bipolar/psychotic disorders. 63 % of simulated scenarios showed a significant preventive effect on reducing the incidence of depression (k=9 - 19, RR=0.75-0.94, 95 %CIs=0.55-0.87,0.93-1.15, p=0.007-0.246) but did not survive sensitivity analyses. There is some limited evidence for the effectiveness of universal interventions for reducing the incidence of depression but not for bipolar/psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Brodeur
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; OPEN early detection service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jemma Venables
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yueming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenzo Gigante
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Veneziano
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Vinci
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edward Chesney
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sunil Nandha
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
| | - Andrea De Micheli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
| | - Ilaria Basadonne
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Floris
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Germany
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Ahmed MS, Qamar M, Waqar S, Naeem A, Javaid RA, Tanveer SK, Hussain I. Estimation of genetic components, heterosis and combining ability of elite Pakistani wheat varieties for yield attributing traits and stripe rust response. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:609-622. [PMID: 37965373 PMCID: PMC10641056 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food and major source of dietary calories in Pakistan. Improving wheat varieties with higher grain yield and disease resistance is a prime objective. The knowledge of genetic behaviour of germplasm is key. To achieve this objective, elite wheat varieties were crossed in 4 by 3, line × tester design, and tested in 2019 in a triplicate yield trial to estimate genetic variance, general and specific combining ability, mid-parent heterosis and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis L.). High grain 3358 kg·ha-1 was recorded in F1 hybrid (ZRG-79 × PAK-13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant genotypic variance in grain yield. Broad sense heritability (H2) was recorded in the range of 28 to 100 %. General combining ability (GCA) significant for grain yield in parents except FSD-08 and PS-05 was recorded, while specific combining ability (SCA) was recorded to be highly significant for grain yield only in two crosses (ZRG-79 × NR-09 and ZRG-79 × PAK-13). Mid-parent heterosis was estimated in the range of -28 to 62.6 %. Cross combinations ZRG-79 × PAK-13 depicted highly significant mid-parent heterosis (62.6 %). Highly significant correlation was observed among spike length, spikelets per spike, plant height and 1000-grain weight. Rust resistance index was recorded in the range of 0 to 8.5. These findings suggest exploitation of GCA for higher grain yield is important due to the presence of additive gene action and selection in the filial generations will be effective with improved rust resistance, while cross combinations ZRG-79 × PAK-13 high GCA are best suited for hybrid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Qamar
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Waqar
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Naeem
- Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R A Javaid
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S K Tanveer
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bayan R, Tauseef I, Hussain M, Ahmed MS, Haider A, Khalil AA, Islam SU, Subhan F. Fish collagen peptides' modulating effect on human skin microbiota against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:795-807. [PMID: 37650688 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current research aims to design effective strategies to enhance the body's immune system against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Skin commensals were isolated, identified and cultured in fish collagen peptides (FCPs). Results: After culturing in FCP, the skin commensals were used in a dose-dependent manner for Staphylococcus aureus in a dual-culture test, which showed significant growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria, which concluded that FCP induced the immune defense system of skin microbiota against pathogenic strains. Conclusion: Results have validated that fish collagen peptide plays a vital role in the growth of selected human skin flora and induces more defensive immunity against pathogenic S. aureus bacteria in dual-culture experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasol Bayan
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26010, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ak Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Salman U Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Subhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
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Nimra S, Kayani AR, Irfan M, Ahmed MS. Seasonal Changes in Hematological Parameters in House Sparrows of Subtropical Pakistan. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad027. [PMID: 37549037 PMCID: PMC10399915 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
House sparrow is a globally adaptive bird. The way this creature adapted to all areas of the world, having different selection pressures, is interesting to understand. The present study is focused on seasonal changes, having different selection pressures and how it is adapted to these changes and whether hematological flexibility plays a role in this success. House sparrow's adaptations in the same area, during different seasons, have been studied in a sub-tropical area, Potohar, Pakistan. We used hematological parameter analysis for this purpose. Blood samples were collected from Sparrows in winter, spring, and summer and analyzed for some hematological parameters. White blood cells (WBCs) were higher in spring and summer which may relate to mating promiscuity. Sparrows were more stressed in summer. The Red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) were greater in summer. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is lower in summer. This may have an adaptation to cope with high stress in summer as small-size RBCs increase gaseous exchange. Platelets were not affected by season or gender. Mean corpuscular volume and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) are positively correlated with each other. Red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCV were higher in males during the spring season perhaps as an adaptation to energetic activities during spring like mating calls and search for nesting sites. White blood cells remained the same in both genders in summer and winter, and effected in spring may be related to the mating system. Behavioral state is linked with physiological states that shows tradeoff and life history traits. This study is a small effort to know this incredible species. We can work further in different parts of the world to explore different aspects of it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A R Kayani
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Irfan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Sidatt M, Sghair YM, Ghaddour T, Ahmed MS, Kaderd FA, Habib L, Abass AM, Bounaty A. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis due to a COVID-19. A case report. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 16:165-168. [PMID: 36591662 DOI: 10.3233/npm-210906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Digestive symptoms have been reported in an important proportion of children with COVID-19, and the clinical expression of critical patients with COVID-19 is thought to result from progressive increase of inflammation and an unusual trend of hypercoagulation. We report a newborn received with abdominal distension, green vomiting and imaging suggestive for enterocolitis. He had a close contact with COVID-19 and the PCR for SARS-CoV-2 came back positive. Despite the supportive measures, his condition deteriorated and a surgery was decided. The surgical exploration found an ischemic bowel. The therapeutic measures were ineffective as the child passed away a few hours after surgery despite the resuscitation treatment performed. The confirmed enterocolitis happening within the period of acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, the NEC was likely a manifestation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sidatt
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Y M Sghair
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - T Ghaddour
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - M S Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - L Habib
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - A M Abass
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - A Bounaty
- Department of Mother and Children Health, Medical College of Nouakchott, and Obstetrics Service, Mother and Children Hospital, Ksar ZGE-68, Nouakchott, Mauritania
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Hassan SN, Tilottoma B, Begum S, Kabir S, Khan AH, Rahman RN, Ahmed MS, Chowdhury FQ, Islam MR. Ocular Manifestation and Correlation with CD4+ T Cell Count among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:779-789. [PMID: 35780364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with HIV or AIDS suffer from wide varieties of complications that are related to infection. The eye as an organ is not spared from HIV-related manifestations. The ocular manifestations can be the presenting sign of a systemic infection in an otherwise asymptomatic HIV-positive person. The disease can have adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, orbital and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ophthalmological manifestations among adult HIV infected patients of Bangladesh and co-relate the findings with CD-4+ T cell count. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Community Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to September 2015. Purposive sampling technique was applied to enroll the patients. Total 110 patients were enrolled regardless of their immunological status by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant clinical evaluation including history & physical examinations, laboratory investigations and some ocular examinations like- visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, IOP, indirect ophthalmoscopy with +90D (diopter) and +20D were done. The age of the study population ranged from 20-58 years with mean±SD 37.63±8.16 years. Among the study population 67(60.9%) were male and 43(39.1%) were female. According to ART status, 58(52.7%) were on ART and 52(47.3%) were ART naive. The mean CD4+ T- cells count was 410±281.65 with minimum to maximum was 6-1266 cells/μl. Among them 53(48.2%) had HIV related ocular findings and 57(51.8%) had no HIV related ocular manifestation. In relation with CD+ T- cells count, highly significant relation was found with lower CD4+ T- cells count and ocular manifestation (p=0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Hassan
- Dr Shah-Noor Hassan, Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Pervez S, Ahmed S, Ahmed MS, Alfarraj S, Ali A, Tahreem S. Occurrence of Hymenolepis diminuta: a potential helminth of zoonotic importance in murid rodents. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242089. [PMID: 34378679 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reveals the prevalence of a potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminth species, Hymenolepis diminuta in commensal rodents caught from irrigated and rain-fed areas of Swat, Pakistan. Three hundred and fifty rodents (269 rats and 81 mice) trapped during vegetative, flowering/fruiting and mature/harvesting stages of crops were studied from 2011-2013. Hymenolepisdiminuta eggs were identified on the basis of their shape, size, colour and markings on the surface of the egg shell and three pairs of embryonic hook-lets. Overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 3.14% (n=11/350). The highest prevalence 3.49% (n=5/143) of H. diminuta was noted at harvesting stages of the crops whereas the lowest 2.59% (n=2/77) during vegetative stage. Infection was higher in males 3.25% (n=7/215) than females 2.96% (n=4/135). Adult rodents were highly infected while no sub-adult was found infected. Infection was higher in mice 3.70% (3/81) than rats 2.69% (8/269) while no significance (p=1.0000:0.1250 to 32.00 CI). Rats and mice appears to show the most suitable reservoirs by hosting H. diminuta a zoonotic helminth. The presence of these rodents in all possible habitats can act as a main channel of transferring parasites through various habitats and can pose a hazard to humans in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Zoology Department, Dir (Lower), Pakistan
| | - N N Nisa
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute - VPCI, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Pervez
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - S Alfarraj
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ali
- MirPur University of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S Tahreem
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khan W, Panhwar WA, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Ahmed MS, Khan N, Khan MM, Akram W, Ullah S, Imran. Pinworm infection in school children of four districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238769. [PMID: 34037078 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Illnesses caused by human pinworm remains a pediatric health problem in developing nations including Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in school children of four districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. Four hundred faecal specimens were screened from May 2014 to July 2017 using normal saline and Lugol Iodine solution. Twenty three (5.75%) individuals were found infected with E. vermicularis. Five children (1.25%) were infected with only E. vermicularis and eighteen (4.5%) were mixed with other helminths. E. vermicularis 23 (5.75%), hookworm 11 (2.75%), Ascaris lumbricoides 5 (1.25%), Taenia saginata 2 (0.5%) and Trichuris trichuira 4 (1%) were detected. Age wise 5-8 years were more parasitized followed by 13-15 and 9-12 years of age (0.0296, P<0.05). Male children were highly (0.06700, P<0.05) infected than female. Children in Malakand district were found more infected followed by Dir Upper, similar infection rate was noted in children of districts Lower Dir and Swat (0.0192, P<0.05). Children in primary level were highly (0.0013, P<0.05) infected than those of middle and high levels. Enterobiosis is still the most common parasitic diseases in children. Studies on enterobiosis should be conducted time by time to recognize the hazardous of such parasitic infection in remote areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Miris Sindh, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- Islamia College University, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M M Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Akram
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Imran
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Puksuriwong S, Ahmed MS, Sharma R, Krishnan M, Leong S, Lambe T, McNamara PS, Gilbert SC, Zhang Q. Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Vectored Vaccine Expressing Nucleoprotein and Matrix Protein 1 (M1) Activates Mucosal M1-Specific T-Cell Immunity and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:807-819. [PMID: 31740938 PMCID: PMC7399703 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports a critical role of CD8+ T-cell immunity against influenza. Activation of mucosal CD8+ T cells, particularly tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells recognizing conserved epitopes would mediate rapid and broad protection. Matrix protein 1 (M1) is a well-conserved internal protein. Methods We studied the capacity of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)–vectored vaccine expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and M1 (MVA-NP+M1) to activate M1-specific CD8+ T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue from children and adults. Results After MVA-NP+M1 stimulation, M1 was abundantly expressed in adenotonsillar epithelial cells and B cells. MVA-NP+M1 activated a marked interferon γ–secreting T-cell response to M1 peptides. Using tetramer staining, we showed the vaccine activated a marked increase in M158–66 peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in tonsillar mononuclear cells of HLA-matched individuals. We also demonstrated MVA-NP+M1 activated a substantial increase in TRM cells exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype. On recall antigen recognition, M1-specific T cells rapidly undergo cytotoxic degranulation, release granzyme B and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to target cell killing. Conclusions MVA-NP+M1 elicits a substantial M1-specific T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, demonstrating its strong capacity to expand memory T-cell pool exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype, therefore offering great potential for rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttida Puksuriwong
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Sharma
- ENT Departments, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Madhan Krishnan
- ENT Departments, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Leong
- ENT Departments, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ahmed MS, Brehme H, Friedrich S, Reinhardt L, Blum S, Beissert S, Meier F. COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e312-e314. [PMID: 33587787 PMCID: PMC8014793 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Skin Cancer Center, University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Brehme
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Friedrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Reinhardt
- Skin Cancer Center, University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Blum
- Institute and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Beissert
- Skin Cancer Center, University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Meier
- Skin Cancer Center, University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ahmad A, Khan W, Das SN, Pahanwar WA, Khalid S, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Kamal M, Ahmed MS, Hassan HU, Zahoor S, Maqbool A. Assessment of ecto and endo parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabiting river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:92-97. [PMID: 32578669 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.222214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish provides main source of high quality protein to more than one billion people in the world. Fish parasites directly affect the productivity of fish and indirectly on human health. This research was aimed to assess the helminth parasites in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Panjkora, KP, Pakistan. A total of 88 fish samples (n= 88) were collected from the upper, middle and lower regions of the river through cast nets, hand nets and hooks. All the collected fish samples were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand for helminth parasites during July 2018 to February 2019.Among these fishes nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan were isolated and identified. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 60.22% (53/88). The intensity of the parasite was observed from 1.7% to 4.61%. Highest prevalence was reported in summer season 86.36% while lowest in the winter season 36.36%. This study shows that summer season affects the fish business and result in poor quality fish meat with risk of zoonotic diseases. Adults were highly infected 82.25% while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Female fish samples had higher prevalence 68.22% than males 48.22%. Fishes of the lower reaches had highest prevalence 60.22% than the upper reaches 40.0%. Fish samples with maximum length and weight were highly 76.92% infected than small sized fish with low body weight. Present study addresses that Rhabdochona schizothoracis in the intestine and Diplozoon paradoxum in gills of snow trout fish has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and it is zoonotic threat to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - W A Pahanwar
- Department of Zoology Shah Abdul Latif, University Khairpur Miris Sindh, Pakistan
| | - S Khalid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Kamal
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - H Ul Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Marine Resource Collection Centre, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Zahoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - A Maqbool
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Onyemelukwe OU, Mamza AA, Suleiman YK, Iyanda MA, Bello-Ovosi B, Bansi KI, Adeleye AO, Balarabe H, Ahmed MS, Okpe IO, Bello F, Bakari AG. Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes, Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Amongst Healthcare Workers in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria using Glycated Haemoglobin. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:91-99. [PMID: 32150625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a global rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes is a fore-runner to type-2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes is reversible, therefore, measures should be taken to halt or slow down its progression to frank diabetes. AIM The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes amongst staff of ABUTH, Zaria and identify some cardiovascular risks associated with them. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study carried out on 377 healthcare workers who presented at the Medical out-patient department of ABUTH, Zaria in response to an invitation for the 2017 World Diabetes Day free medical screening. HbA1c was assessed via Immunofluorescence method. The difference in HbA1c amongst healthcare workers was determined by One-way Analysis of Variance with Post-hoc Bonferroni test. Cardiovascular risk associations were assessed via Multiple Binary Logistic Regression. RESULTS Pre-diabetes and diabetes prevalence were 19.4% and 6.5% respectively. There were 28.6% undiagnosed diabetic healthcare workers. There was no significant (p=0.35) difference in HbA1c between different categories of healthcare workers, however, random blood glucose was significantly (p=0.042) higher in other healthcare workers than doctors. There was a significant (p<0.01) association between systolic hypertension and risk of developing pre-diabetes and diabetes (OR, 4.11, CI 0.98-17.30). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes amongst healthcare workers in Zaria. The odds of hypertensive healthcare workers developing pre-diabetes and diabetes is high. Efforts should be geared at intensifying health education, increased work physical activity and proper diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- O U Onyemelukwe
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A A Mamza
- Department of Medicine,University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Y K Suleiman
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M A Iyanda
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B Bello-Ovosi
- Department of Medicine, Barau Dikko Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - K I Bansi
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A O Adeleye
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H Balarabe
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M S Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - I O Okpe
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - F Bello
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A G Bakari
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
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13
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Ascough S, Vlachantoni I, Kalyan M, Haijema BJ, Wallin-Weber S, Dijkstra-Tiekstra M, Ahmed MS, van Roosmalen M, Grimaldi R, Zhang Q, Leenhouts K, Openshaw PJ, Chiu C. Local and Systemic Immunity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induced by a Novel Intranasal Vaccine. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:481-492. [PMID: 30753101 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1921oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Needle-free intranasal vaccines offer major potential advantages, especially against pathogens entering via mucosal surfaces. As yet, there is no effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous pathogen of global importance that preferentially infects respiratory epithelial cells; new strategies are urgently required.Objectives: Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity of a novel mucosal RSV F protein vaccine linked to an immunostimulatory bacterium-like particle (BLP).Methods: In this phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 48 healthy volunteers, aged 18-49 years, were randomly assigned to receive placebo or SynGEM (low or high dose) intranasally by prime-boost administration. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability, with secondary objectives assessing virus-specific immunogenicity.Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences in adverse events between placebo and vaccinated groups. SynGEM induced systemic plasmablast responses and significant, durable increases in RSV-specific serum antibody in healthy, seropositive adults. Volunteers given low-dose SynGEM (140 μg F, 2 mg BLP) required a boost at Day 28 to achieve plateau responses with a maximum fold change of 2.4, whereas high-dose recipients (350 μg F, 5 mg BLP) achieved plateau responses with a fold change of 1.5 after first vaccination that remained elevated up to 180 days after vaccination, irrespective of further boosting. Palivizumab-like antibodies were consistently induced, but F protein site ∅-specific antibodies were not detected, and virus-specific nasal IgA responses were heterogeneous, with the strongest responses in individuals with lower pre-existing antibody levels.Conclusions: SynGEM is thus the first nonreplicating intranasal RSV subunit vaccine to induce persistent antibody responses in human volunteers.Clinical trials registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02958540).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ascough
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and.,2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Vlachantoni
- 2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Kalyan
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and.,2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bert-Jan Haijema
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sanna Wallin-Weber
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Margriet Dijkstra-Tiekstra
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- 4Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van Roosmalen
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Roberto Grimaldi
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Qibo Zhang
- 4Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kees Leenhouts
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- 2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Chiu
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and
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14
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Munir S, Shah AA, Shahid M, Ahmed MS, Shahid A, Rajoka MS, Akash MS, Akram M, Khurshid M. Anti-angiogenesis Potential of Phytochemicals for the Therapeutic Management of Tumors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:265-278. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666191230142638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogeneses during the growth and progression of tumors is well documented. Likewise, a
balance is generally maintained between the cellular proliferation and the apoptosis, therefore, the tumors can
persist for years in a dormant phase. During the past few years, many hypotheses have been proposed relating to
the importance of tumor angiogenesis for the development and spread of tumors and preventive or therapeutic
capacity of angiogenesis inhibitors as a potential target for controlling the growth of cancerous tissue. The antiangiogenic
based therapeutic approaches are considered as the most promising method for the control of tumors,
as this therapeutic approach is less likely to attain the drug resistance. Further, the tumor vasculature is an important
prognostic marker that can independently predict the pathological stages as well as the metastatic potential of
tumors. Various biologically active phytochemicals have been extracted from the dietary sources and the plants
that have engaged the scientist and pharmaceutical industries around the globe. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential of these bioactive phytochemicals is evident from
the in vitro studies using cell lines and investigations involving the animal models..The present review is focused
on the promising role of anti-angiogenesis-based therapies for the management of tumors and the recent developments
relating to the interplay of phytochemicals and angiogenesis for the suppression of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samman Munir
- Department of Bioinformatics &Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad A. Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics &Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics &Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S.R. Rajoka
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad S.H. Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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15
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Thiex NJ, Larson R, Ahmed MS, Albert K, Babin Y, Campbell H, Campbell M, DeAtley A, Eigen S, Elson K, Farrow M, Firman M, Jamieson J, Jobin D, Kibbey J, Kirby P, Larson R, Marshall D, Mathis J, McManus K, Menefee L, Olson L, Panagiotis S, Raines J, Rowe D, Sabbatini JZ, Singh D, Smith C, Stenske MA, van Rhijn H, Williams SM. Determination of Oxytetracycline/Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride in Animal Feed, Fish Feed, and Veterinary Medicinal Products by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for determining oxytetracycline (OTC) in animal feed, fish feed, and veterinary medicinal products at medicated use and contamination levels was collaboratively studied. The method is applicable to the analysis of animal feeds and mineral premixes containing levels 2 mg/kg, and fish feed containing levels 10 mg/kg. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCl) is extracted from ground feed material in acidmethanol solution using mechanical agitation. After centrifugation for 5 min at 1230 g, an aliquot of the extract is diluted with water and/or acidmethanol so that the concentration of OTC.HCl is approximately the same as that in the working standard, and the solutions contain at least 50 water. Injectable veterinary medicinal materials (also called animal remedy materials) are diluted with water and/or extractant to reach the target concentration. The extracts are filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection with excitation at 390 nm and emission at 512 nm. Twenty-eight test samples of medicated feeds, supplements, and drug premixes, including 4 test samples for trace-level analysis, were sent to 17 collaborators in Canada, The Netherlands, and the United States. Results were received from 11 laboratories. The RSDr values (within-laboratory repeatability) ranged from 1.26 to 9.21; RSDR values (among-laboratory reproducibility) ranged from 2.14 to 12.9, and HorRat values ranged from 0.54 to 3.02. It is recommended that this method be adopted AOAC Official First Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Thiex
- South Dakota State University, Veterinary Science Department, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Richard Larson
- South Dakota State University, Veterinary Science Department, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007
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16
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Sanchez AA, Campbell HM, Ahmed MS, Albert K, Applegate C, Bekele E, Cruz C, Dalgleish J, Dudiková L, Elson C. Focht K, Genouel C, Joubert M, Kirby P, Le Bouquin R, Lerch R, McManus K, Menefee L, Moura S, Murley V, Petrova J, Rues MC, Siegel VS, Stephens B, Warrick D, Williams SM. Determination of Decoquinate in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/91.4.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The performance characteristics of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the analysis of decoquinate (DEC) in supplements, premixes, and complete animal feeds at medicating and trace levels were collaboratively studied. DEC is extracted from ground feed samples with 1 calcium chloridemethanol solution using mechanical agitation for 90 min. After centrifugation for 5 min and dilution (if necessary), an aliquot of the extract is diluted with water. The diluted extracts are filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. Suspect positive trace-level samples are confirmed by using an alternate excitation wavelength. Fourteen test samples of medicated feeds, supplement, and medicated premix, along with 8 test samples for trace-level analysis, were sent to 13 collaborators (one in Canada, 4 in Europe, and 8 in the United States). Test samples were analyzed as blind duplicates. Acceptable results were received from 12 laboratories for the medicated test samples and from 13 laboratories for the trace-level samples. Repeatability relative standard deviation estimates ranged from 1.3 to 5.6. Reproducibility relative standard deviations estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1, and HorRat values ranged from 0.22 to 0.74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anivis A Sanchez
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), 960 Carling Ave, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Harold M Campbell
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), 960 Carling Ave, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
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17
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Ahmed MS, Attia T, Abd El-Wahab AA, Elgamsy R, Abd El-latif MH. Assessment of the physical properties of banana pseudo stem/ABS composites. IOP Conf Ser : Mater Sci Eng 2019; 634:012023. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/634/1/012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The physical properties of Banana Pseudo Stem (BPS) reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites with different fiber weight percentages were studied. BPS fibers were pretreated by using Sodium hydroxide solution with 5% concentration for 24 hours. ABS/BPS composites were prepared with 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt. % fibers. The Moisture Content (MC %) and Water Absorption (WA %) for BPS fiber were studied. The water absorption (WA %) and Thickness Swelling (TS %) of the composites were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation for fracture surfaces was also studied. The Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses were used to measure the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of BPS/ABS composites. Moreover, the melt flow index (MFI) and dimensional stability tests for the composites were studied.
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18
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Ahmed MS. The investigation of molecular characterization of presumptive Listeria monocytogenes isolates from a food-processing environment. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20:46-50. [PMID: 31191699 PMCID: PMC6509916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria is a Gram-positive, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobic intracellular bacterium. The most important pathogens in mammals include Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. The former generally causes disease and death in both humans and animals while the latter performs sporadically and primarily causes illness in ruminants. AIMS The aim of this project was to use conventional and molecular techniques to determine whether the provided samples were L. monocytogenes, and whether they were genetically similar or different. METHODS The provided presumptive Listeria cultures isolated from industrial processed food are conventionally assumed to be L. monocytogenes. All samples were cultured on brain heart infusion agar and broth first and then on blood agar. Later, hly gene amplification was applied. RESULTS The provided culture phenotypically resembled L. monocytogenes as it caused haemolysis on blood agar plates; however, the absence of the hly gene revealed that they were genotypically different. 16S rRNA confirmed three species of Listeria species including L. grayi, L. welshimeri and L. ivanovii. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the results obtained from hly gene amplification. CONCLUSION Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC PCR) confirmed that all bacterial cultures were isolated from different sources depending on their ERIC PCR profile variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Duhok Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
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19
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Quaranta V, Rainer C, Nielsen SR, Raymant ML, Ahmed MS, Engle DD, Taylor A, Murray T, Campbell F, Palmer DH, Tuveson DA, Mielgo A, Schmid MC. Macrophage-Derived Granulin Drives Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4253-4269. [PMID: 29789416 PMCID: PMC6076440 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of disseminated cancer cells to evade the immune response is a critical step for efficient metastatic progression. Protection against an immune attack is often provided by the tumor microenvironment that suppresses and excludes cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive metastatic disease with unmet needs, yet the immunoprotective role of the metastatic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is not completely understood. In this study, we find that macrophage-derived granulin contributes to cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell exclusion in metastatic livers. Granulin expression by macrophages was induced in response to colony-stimulating factor 1. Genetic depletion of granulin reduced the formation of a fibrotic stroma, thereby allowing T-cell entry at the metastatic site. Although metastatic PDAC tumors are largely resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, blockade of PD-1 in granulin-depleted tumors restored the antitumor immune defense and dramatically decreased metastatic tumor burden. These findings suggest that targeting granulin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore CD8+ T-cell infiltration in metastatic PDAC, thereby converting PDAC metastatic tumors, which are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, into tumors that respond to immune checkpoint inhibition therapies.Significance: These findings uncover a mechanism by which metastatic PDAC tumors evade the immune response and provide the rationale for targeting granulin in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic PDAC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4253/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4253-69. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Rainer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion L Raymant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Trish Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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20
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Sumi SA, Sultana SZ, Mannan S, Naushaba H, Begum J, Kishwara S, Rahman MR, Chowdhury MS, Ahmed MS, Uddin MM, Ara ZG, Ahmed Z, Zisa RS, Tripti DJ, Nitu NS, Sultana N, Alam MT. External Diameter of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People of Different Age & Sex. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:487-495. [PMID: 30141436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 postmortem vermiform appendix (male 34 and female 36) to find out the external diameter of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people in different age and sex. The specimens were collected from autopsy laboratory of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2016 to March 2017 by purposive sampling technique. The collected samples were divided into four age groups. They were Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21 to 40 years), Group C (41 to 60 years) and Group D (above 60 years). Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The vermiform appendix was collected and preserved in 10% formol-saline solution. The external diameter of vermiform appendix was measured with the help of digital slide calipers. Three measurements were taken at its base, middle and near the tip (1cm away from the tip) and expressed in mm. The data were analyzed by using student unpaired 't' test and compaired with the findings of other national and international studies and standard text books. It was observed that external diameter of vermiform appendix gradually decreased as age advanced. The mean±SD external diameter of vermiform appendix at base was 6.50±0.82 mm, 6.22±0.60 mm, 6.00±0.51 mm and 5.51±0.57 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. The mean±SD external diameter of vermiform appendix at middle was 6.09±0.89 mm, 5.67±0.65 mm, 5.38±0.59 mm and 4.95±0.76 mm in Group A, B, C and D respectively. The mean±SD external diameter of vermiform appendix near the tip (1 cm away from the tip) was 5.73±0.88 mm, 5.21±0.72 mm, 4.81±0.74 mm and 4.34±0.74 mm in Group A, B, C and D respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the mean differences of external diameter of vermiform appendix at its base between Group A&D, B&D were statistically moderately significant at p<0.01 level. Between Group C&D was statistically significant at p<0.05 level and between Group A&B, B&C, A&C were statistically non significant at p = or >0.05 level. Mean differences of external diameter of vermiform appendix at its middle between Group A&D, B&D were statistically moderately significant at p<0.01 level. Between Group A&C was statistically significant at p<0.05 level and between Group A&B, B&C, C&D were statistically non significant at p = or >0.05 level. Mean differences of external diameter of vermiform appendix near its tip (1 cm away from the tip) between Group A&D was statistically highly significant at p<0.001 and mean differences between Group B&D, A&C were statistically moderately significant at p<0.01 level. Between Group A&B was statistically significant at p<0.05 level and between Group B&C, C&D were statistically non significant at p = or >0.05 level. Mean external diameter of vermiform appendix in male was higher than that of female in all age group at its base, middle and near the tip (1cm away from the tip) but mean difference between sexes in the different study groups was statistically non significant at p = or >0.05 level. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the external diameter of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sumi
- Dr Sharmin Akter Sumi, M Phil Student Thesis Part Complete, Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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21
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Kim MY, Copland A, Nayak K, Chandele A, Ahmed MS, Zhang Q, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Hofmann S, Yang M, Jang Y, Ma JK, Reljic R. Plant-expressed Fc-fusion protein tetravalent dengue vaccine with inherent adjuvant properties. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 29223138 PMCID: PMC5999314 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a major global disease requiring improved treatment and prevention strategies. The recently licensed Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine does not protect children under the age of nine, and additional vaccine strategies are thus needed to halt this expanding global epidemic. Here, we employed a molecular engineering approach and plant expression to produce a humanized and highly immunogenic poly-immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) fused to the consensus dengue envelope protein III domain (cEDIII). The immunogenicity of this IgG Fc receptor-targeted vaccine candidate was demonstrated in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRI/CD64, by induction of neutralizing antibodies and evidence of cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, these molecules were able to prime immune cells from human adenoid/tonsillar tissue ex vivo as evidenced by antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, IFN-γ and antibody production. The purified polymeric fraction of dengue PIGS (D-PIGS) induced stronger immune activation than the monomeric form, suggesting a more efficient interaction with the low-affinity Fcγ receptors on antigen-presenting cells. These results show that the plant-expressed D-PIGS have the potential for translation towards a safe and easily scalable single antigen-based tetravalent dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Muhammad S. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gil R. Diogo
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sven Hofmann
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Moon‐Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Yong‐Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Julian K‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
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22
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Ara ZG, Islam AS, Zaman UK, Rahman MM, Ara A, Ahmed MS, Begum T. Age Related Variation in the Number of Endometrial Gland in Bangladeshi Cadaver. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:116-119. [PMID: 29459601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional descriptive study was done to see the variation in the number of endometrial gland in Bangladeshi cadaver in different age groups to find out the anatomical variation and to compare it with other study findings. For this purpose 30 post mortem specimens containing female genital organs particularly uterus were collected by purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different age groups. All the collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. This study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. After dissection of specimen, microscopic study was done to count the number of the endometrial glands. Mean±SD numbers of gland per square mm area were 5.88±1.56, 14.75±6.90, and 7.35±1.79 in age Group A (2-12 years), B (13-45 years) & C (46-80 years) respectively. Highest number of gland was seen in Group B (5.66 to 22.48 per sq mm) & lowest number of gland was seen in Group A (3.30 to 9.95 per sq mm). The present study findings were compared with that of the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Ara
- Dr Zubaida Gulshan Ara, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh, Mymensingh
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23
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Abstract
AbstractUnilateral renal agenesis (URA) is a rare condition with a reported incidence of 0.93–1.8 per 1000 autopsies. It is commonly diagnosed as an incidental finding on imaging.URA is frequently associated with other genitourinary anomalies. Different associations have been described in both males and females, however, to our knowledge, it has not been reported with subseptate uterus (SSU) and sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) in the same individual. Here, we present a unique case of URA with SSU and SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheeza Imtiaz
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Pathan
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Usman
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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24
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Ireland L, Santos A, Ahmed MS, Rainer C, Nielsen SR, Quaranta V, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Engle DD, Perez-Mancera PA, Coupland SE, Taktak A, Bogenrieder T, Tuveson DA, Campbell F, Schmid MC, Mielgo A. Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6851-6863. [PMID: 27742686 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myofibroblasts are key drivers in cancer that are associated with drug resistance in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM and fibroblasts contribute to chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts directly support chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by secreting insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2, which activate insulin/IGF receptors on pancreatic cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that 72% of the patients expressed activated insulin/IGF receptors on tumor cells, and this positively correlates with increased CD163+ TAM infiltration. In vivo, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts were the main sources of IGF production, and pharmacologic blockade of IGF sensitized pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that inhibition of IGF in combination with chemotherapy could benefit patients with PDAC, and that insulin/IGF1R activation may be used as a biomarker to identify patients for such therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6851-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Almudena Santos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Rainer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danielle D Engle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Azzam Taktak
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Medicine and Translational Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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25
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Mubarak A, Ahmed MS, Upile N, Vaughan C, Xie C, Sharma R, Acar P, McCormick MS, Paton JC, Mitchell T, Cunliffe N, Zhang Q. A dynamic relationship between mucosal T helper type 17 and regulatory T-cell populations in nasopharynx evolves with age and associates with the clearance of pneumococcal carriage in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:736.e1-7. [PMID: 27256063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal carriage is common in young children, which may account for the high incidence of disease in this age group. Host factors determining the clearance of carriage in humans remain unclear. We aimed to study the relationships between T helper type 17 (Th17) and Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and carriage in children and adults. Frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in NALT were analysed by flow cytometry in association with age and pneumococcal carriage status. Cytokine responses following pneumococcal stimulation were analysed by cytometric beads array. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in NALT were inversely correlated (R -0.60). Whereas Treg cell frequency decreased with age (R -0.63), both Th17 and the Th17: Treg ratio increased with age (R 0.62 and R 0.64, respectively). Also, the Th17: Treg ratio was higher in carriage-negative than in carriage-positive children (p <0.01). Pneumococcal stimulation of tonsillar cells increased both Th17 and Treg cell numbers, but the Th17: Treg ratio and pattern of cytokine responses differed between carriage-negative and carriage-positive children. The former showed markedly higher Th17: Treg and interleukin-17A: interleukin-10 ratios than in the latter (p <0.01). Pneumococcal stimulation also induces Th17, although the capacity of this Th17 differentiation from naive T cells of young children was low, but increased with age. We demonstrated a dynamic relationship between Th17 and Treg cells in human nasopharynx that evolves with age. The balance between Th17 and Treg cells in NALT appears to be a major host factor closely associated with the clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the nasopharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mubarak
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Upile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Vaughan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Acar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M S McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J C Paton
- Institute of Infection, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - Q Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK.
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26
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Borhany M, Delbes C, Giansily-Blaizot M, Zubair M, Ahmed MS, Fatima N, Shamsi T. A new report of FVII-inhibitor in a patient suffering from severe congenital FVII deficiency. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e336-8. [PMID: 25955166 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Borhany
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis & Thrombosis, National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - C Delbes
- Département d'hématologie biologique, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - M Giansily-Blaizot
- Département d'hématologie biologique, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - M Zubair
- Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - N Fatima
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis & Thrombosis, National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - T Shamsi
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis & Thrombosis, National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
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27
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Saha D, Ali MA, Haque MA, Ahmed MS, Sutradhar PK, Latif T, Sarkar D, Husain F. Association of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:244-250. [PMID: 26007249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical evidence of neurological menifestations associated with asphyxia is described as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). A variety of metabolic problems are present in asphyxiated newborns including hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and others metabolic abnormalities. Some of these biochemical disturbances may trigger seizure or potentiate further brain damage. This cross sectional case-control study was done in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, to identify the association of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Study period was six months. Sample size was 60. Among total sample 30 term asphyxiated newborns of <24 hours age were case and equal number term healthy newborns <24 hours age were control. The main clinical presentations were delayed cry after birth along with respiratory distress, convulsion and absence of cry in asphyxiated newborns. Major physical findings were cyanosis, convulsion and tachypnoea in asphyxiated group. The mean value of serum calcium level was significantly lower in asphyxiated newborns (7.37 ± 0.10mg/dl) than control value (8.04±0.09mg/dl). Hypocalcemia was found among 23.33% babies in case group. On the contrary, hypocalcemia was found in single baby among control group. The mean value of serum magnesium was significantly lower in asphyxiated newborns (1.83 ± 0.04mg/dl) than control value (1.96 ± 0.05mg/dl). Hypomagnesemia was found among 3(10%) newborns but none was found among control group. Hypoglycemia was found in 7(23.33%) cases though the mean value of blood glucose was higher in case group (5.72 ± 0.62mmol/l) than control group (4.87 ± 0.15mmol/l) difference was not statistically significant. Combined hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were found in 1(3.33%) case; combined hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were found in 2(6.67%) cases; and combined hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were found in 1(3.33%) case. During the study period, 3(10.0%) cases were expired but no death occurred among control group. This study shows isolated or combined hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia are frequently found in newborns with perinatal asphyxia. So, it is necessary to monitor blood glucose, serum calcium and also serum magnesium among asphyxiated newborns for proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saha
- Dr Dipanwita Saha, Assistant Registrar, Department of Paediatrics, Myemnsingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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28
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Ahmed M, Ahmed MS, Patwary MI, Miah MT, Hasan MK, Hossain SZ, Sultana B, Chakraborty SR. A case of acute intermittent porphyria. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:420-423. [PMID: 26007278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary metabolic disorder having protean manifestations. The clinical presentations of abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy and changes in mental status are the classic triad of an acute attack. A 15-year old girl was admitted in the medicine department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College with the complaints of recurrent abdominal pain, convulsions and weakness of lower limbs. She presented with a combination of medical and neuropsychiatric symptoms suggestive of a case of AIP. The clinical presentation and the presence of porphyrins in urine confirmed the diagnosis of AIP. AIP can be life-threatening, so an accurate diagnosis and proper management are highly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmed
- Dr Moniruzzaman Ahmed, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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29
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Ahmed MS, Jacques LC, Mahallawi W, Ferrara F, Temperton N, Upile N, Vaughan C, Sharma R, Beer H, Hoschler K, McNamara PS, Zhang Q. Cross-reactive immunity against influenza viruses in children and adults following 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection. Antiviral Res 2015; 114:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Lund J, Hafstad AD, Boardman NT, Rossvoll L, Rolim NP, Ahmed MS, Florholmen G, Attramadal H, Wisløff U, Larsen TS, Aasum E. Exercise training promotes cardioprotection through oxygen-sparing action in high fat-fed mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H823-9. [PMID: 25637547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise training has been demonstrated to have beneficial cardiovascular effects in diabetes, the effect of exercise training on hearts from obese/diabetic models is unclear. In the present study, mice were fed a high-fat diet, which led to obesity, reduced aerobic capacity, development of mild diastolic dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance. Following 8 wk on high-fat diet, mice were assigned to 5 weekly high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions (10 × 4 min at 85-90% of maximum oxygen uptake) or remained sedentary for the next 10 constitutive weeks. HIT increased maximum oxygen uptake by 13%, reduced body weight by 16%, and improved systemic glucose homeostasis. Exercise training was found to normalize diastolic function, attenuate diet-induced changes in myocardial substrate utilization, and dampen cardiac reactive oxygen species content and fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by normalization of obesity-related impairment of mechanical efficiency due to a decrease in work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. Finally, we found HIT to reduce infarct size by 47% in ex vivo hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. This study therefore demonstrated for the first time that exercise training mediates cardioprotection following ischemia in diet-induced obese mice and that this was associated with oxygen-sparing effects. These findings highlight the importance of optimal myocardial energetics during ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - A D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N P Rolim
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Florholmen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - T S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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31
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Begum B, Haque MA, Ahmed MS, Islam MN, Ahsan MM, Khan AH, Hasan MM, Akhtaruzzaman M, Hossain MA, Khaleque MA, Choudhury AM, Khatun AA. Comparison between azithromycin and cefixime in the treatment of typhoid fever in children. Mymensingh Med J 2014; 23:441-448. [PMID: 25178594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An intervention study was carried out in the department of paediatrics of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh to compare the clinical efficacy of Azithromycin in the treatment of childhood typhoid fever with that of cefixime for a period of one year from January 2011 to December 2011. A total of 60 cases of typhoid fever were enrolled in to a randomized clinical trial and was divided into two groups. The inclusion criteria of the cases were: Documented fever for more than 4 days plus two or more of the following clinical features: toxic physical appearance, intestinal complaints, coated tongue, ceacal gurgling, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, diarrhoea and constipation plus positive Widal test and/or blood culture positivity. Patients who had complication like GIT heamorrhage; intestinal perforaion and/or shock were excluded from the study. Data were collected in a structured questionnaire. Azithromycin was given at a dose of 10mg/kg/day for a period of 07 days Cefixime was given at a dose of 20mg/kg/day in two divided dose for 14 days. The mean time of defervesence was 4.05+1.14 days with azithromycin and 3.41+0.95 with cefixime respectively. The minimum defervesence time was 02 days and maximum defervesence time was 07 days. Clinical cure rate was 87% in azithromycin group and 93% in cefixime group. No serious adverse effect was noted related to azithromycin and cefixime therapy except nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and jaundice. It was found that azithromycin is almost as effective as cefixime in the treatment of typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Begum
- Dr Bilkis Begum, Junior Consultant, Paediatrics, Upazila Health Complex, Fulpur, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Gray C, Ahmed MS, Mubarak A, Kasbekar AV, Derbyshire S, McCormick MS, Mughal MK, McNamara PS, Mitchell T, Zhang Q. Activation of memory Th17 cells by domain 4 pneumolysin in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue and its association with pneumococcal carriage. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:705-17. [PMID: 24220296 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal carriage is common in children that may account for the high incidence of disease in this age group. Recent studies in animals suggest an important role for CD4+ T cells, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in particular, in pneumococcal clearance. Whether this Th17-mediated mechanism operates in humans and what pneumococcal components activate Th17 are unknown. We investigated the ability of domain 4 pneumolysin (D4Ply) to activate CD4+ T cells including Th17 in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and peripheral blood. We show that D4Ply elicited a prominent CD4+ T-cell proliferative response. More importantly, D4Ply elicited a significant memory Th17 response in NALT, and a moderate response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This D4Ply-elicited memory Th17 response was more marked in carriage- than in carriage+ children in both NALT and PBMCs. In contrast, no difference was shown in D4Ply-induced Th1 response between the two groups. We also show D4Ply activated human monocytes and murine macrophages that was in part dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). Our results support a protective role of Th17 against pneumococcal carriage in human nasopharynx, and identify a novel property of D4Ply to activate Th17 in NALT that may offer an attractive vaccine candidate in intranasal immunization against pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gray
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Mubarak
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - A V Kasbekar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Derbyshire
- Department of Otolaryngology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M S McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M K Mughal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P S McNamara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Q Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
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Ahmed MS, Rauf S, Naeem M, Khan MN, Mir A. Identification of novel mutation in the HR gene responsible for atrichia with papular lesions in a Pakistani family. J Dermatol 2013; 40:927-8. [PMID: 24111842 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Tuthill JI, Ahmed MS, Mathew G, Bolton AC, Molokhia AA. Work-related stress amongst doctors in intensive care, anaesthetics, accident and emergency and general medicine. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3643147 DOI: 10.1186/cc12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ahmed MS, Aleksunes LM, Boeuf P, Chung MK, Daoud G, Desoye G, Díaz P, Golos TG, Illsley NP, Kikuchi K, Komatsu R, Lao T, Morales-Prieto DM, Nanovskaya T, Nobuzane T, Roberts CT, Saffery R, Tamura I, Tamura K, Than NG, Tomi M, Umbers A, Wang B, Weedon-Fekjaer MS, Yamada S, Yamazaki K, Yoshie M, Lash GE. IFPA Meeting 2012 Workshop Report II: epigenetics and imprinting in the placenta, growth factors and villous trophoblast differentiation, role of the placenta in regulating fetal exposure to xenobiotics during pregnancy, infection and the placenta. Placenta 2012; 34 Suppl:S6-10. [PMID: 23253784 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2012 there were twelve themed workshops, four of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology: 1) epigenetics and imprinting in the placenta; 2) growth factors and villous trophoblast differentiation; 3) role of the placenta in regulating fetal exposure to xenobiotics during pregnancy; 4) infection and the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ara ZG, Zaman KS, Ahmed MS, Rahman MM, Sultana SZ, Mannan S. Weight of uterus in bangladeshi cadaver. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:624-626. [PMID: 23134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional descriptive study was done to see the weight of uterus in Bangladeshi cadavers to increase the knowledge regarding variational anatomy in our country. Sixty post mortem specimens containing uterus, uterine tube, ureter and surrounding structures were collected by non random or purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different groups and fixed in 10% formol-saline solution. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from July 2006 to June 2007. Gross and fine dissection was carried out to study the weight of uterus. In this study our findings were compared with those of the references. Maximum weight of the uterus was found in age group B (13 to 45 years). It is about 51.35 ± 17.95 gm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Ara
- Department of Anatomy, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh, Mymensingh
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Tariquzzaman M, Sutradhar SR, Haque MF, Khan NA, Miah AH, Ahmed MS, Bari MA, Islam MZ, Barman TK, Hasan I, Rahman S, Ferdous J, Chowdhury SA, Alam MK, Rashid MA, Uddin MS. Fasting glycaemic and lipidaemic status in acute coronary syndrome patients within 24 hours of onset of chest pain. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:611-617. [PMID: 23134906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a descriptive type of cross sectional study done in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period of June 2008 to November 2009 to estimate and analyze the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting lipid profile of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients within 24 hours of onset of chest pain. Total 50 patients of either sex diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome whose fasting blood sample would have been collected within 24 hours of chest pain were included. Among 50 patients 42(84%) were male and 8(16%) were female. Age range was 30-80 years with a mean ± SD of 50.74 ± 12.05 years. Among 50 ACS patients, 9 patients (18%) suffered from unstable angina (US), 2(4%) from non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 39(78%) suffered from ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Study results revealed 41(82%) patients had euglycemia (70-110 mg/dl), 2(4%) patients had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (110-125 mg/dl), and 7(14%) patients had hyperglycemia (>126 mg/dl). Dyslipidemia found in 38(76%) patients. Among them total cholesterol (TC) >200mg/dl in 14(28%), decreased level of HDL-C (< 40 mg/dl in male and <50mg/dl in female) in 22(44%), increased level LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl in 13(26%), and TG >150 mg/dl was found in 16(32%) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariquzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh
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Ahmed MS, Jadhav AB, Hassan A, Meng QH. Acute phase reactants as novel predictors of cardiovascular disease. ISRN Inflamm 2012; 2012:953461. [PMID: 24049653 PMCID: PMC3767354 DOI: 10.5402/2012/953461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute phase reaction is a systemic response which usually follows a physiological condition that takes place in the beginning of an inflammatory process. This physiological change usually lasts 1-2 days. However, the systemic acute phase response usually lasts longer. The aim of this systemic response is to restore homeostasis. These events are accompanied by upregulation of some proteins (positive acute phase reactants) and downregulation of others (negative acute phase reactants) during inflammatory reactions. Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by the elevation of several positive acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, white blood cell count, secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase 2-II (sPLA2-II), ferritin, and ceruloplasmin. Cardiovascular disease is also accompanied by the reduction of negative acute phase reactants such as albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, antithrombin, and transcortin. In this paper, we will be discussing the biological activity and diagnostic and prognostic values of acute phase reactants with cardiovascular importance. The potential therapeutic targets of these reactants will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5 ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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Flanagan PK, Ahmed MS, Tin SM, Sarkar S. Service implications of implementing guidance for oral bowel cleansing agents in colonoscopy. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2011; 41:100-5. [PMID: 21677910 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bowel preparation has led to serious adverse events. Consequently, regulatory and advisory bodies have issued guidance,including a risk stratification of patients,aiming to minimise this risk. AIMS To determine the impact of the new guidance on our current practice of Picolax used in colonoscopy with regard to patient stratification,compliance and service implementation. METHODS Patients listed for day case colonoscopy during October 2009 were audited using data from the hospital and endoscopy databases. A follow-up, structured patient telephone interview evaluated side effects, the assessment process and patient experience. RESULTS Of the participating 112 patients, 97.4% were clinically reviewed before colonoscopy,98.3% received written instructions and 70% verbal instructions. None had their preparation dispensed by a regulated professional. Although 62% of patients were retrospectively identified as 'at risk' (elderly, with congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis or chronic kidney disease or on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), none were identified before their procedure. Significant events (postural hypotension, collapse, dizziness, palpitations, faint) were seen in 4.4%, all of whom could potentially be identified as 'at risk' using a stratification of low epidermal growth factor receptor with relevant co-morbidity (congestive cardiac failure or cirrhosis). CONCLUSIONS Given the difficulties with compliance and the high prevalence of 'at risk' patients, the implementation will be challenging and require significant service redesign.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Flanagan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, UK
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Aslam MZ, Ahmed MS, Nagarajan S, Rizvi ST. Malignant melanoma representing with testicular metastasis: a case report and review of the literature. Can Urol Assoc J 2011; 4:E103-4. [PMID: 20694086 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 52-year-old man, with a history of malignant melanoma, who presented with a testicular lump. Radical orchidectomy confirmed a metastatic malignant melanoma. We discuss salient features of this disease in the light of the published literature.
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Rahman SH, Tarafder KH, Ahmed MS, Saha KL, Tariq A. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Mymensingh Med J 2011; 20:28-32. [PMID: 21240159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the treatment of distal nasolacrimal duct blockage. It has got many advantages of over external DCR with higher patient's acceptance. Twenty one consecutive cases of endoscopic DCR were studied during the period of two and a half years with a mean follow up period of 13.12 months (SD=7.05). The mean age of cases was 42.95 years (SD=14.49). In most of the cases the cause was either idiopathic (71.43%) or inflammatory (23.81%). The techniques used for making bony window were chisel-hammer (19.50%), powered drill (23.81%), Kerrison punch forceps (14.29%) or combination of powered drill and Kerrison punch forceps (42.86%). Silicon stent was used in 71.43% cases. There was no significant peroperative complication; premature extrusion of stent (4.76%), synaechia (9.52%), excessive granulation tissue formation (9.52%) and stomal stenosis with recurrence of symptoms (9.52%) were the complications noticed here. Anatomical success with patent stoma was observed in 90.48% cases but symptomatic improvement with dry comfortable eyes were seen in 86% cases. There was no statistically significant difference of outcome between this study and that of recently published studies (p>0.05). Some comparative studies showed both higher and lower success rates of endoscopic DCR than external procedure but there was no significant difference (p>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rahman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kilany WH, Arafa A, Erfan AM, Ahmed MS, Nawar AA, Selim AA, Khoulosy SG, Hassan MK, Aly MM, Hafez HM, Abdelwhab EM. Isolation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 from table eggs after vaccinal break in commercial layer flock. Avian Dis 2010; 54:1115-9. [PMID: 20945800 DOI: 10.1637/9369-041310-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In May 2009, during routine monitoring of a commercial layer flock of about 87,000 birds kept in cages in 4 different houses that had been vaccinated 3 times with an inactivated H5N1 vaccine at weeks 1, 7, and 16, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of subtype H5N1 was isolated and detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in tracheal and cloacal swabs collected from houses 3 and 4; 7 days after onset of clinical signs, there was an increase in mortality accompanied by a decrease in egg production and egg quality. In addition, using RT-PCR, the viral RNA could be detected from albumin and eggshell as well. Seven days after the onset of the clinical signs, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers in the affected houses were 3.2 and 1.9 log2. In the other two houses, there were no clinical signs, and all tested samples were negative using virus isolation and real-time RT-PCR. The HI titers were 6.6 and 7.0 log2 in nonaffected houses. The isolated virus from egg albumin showed high nucleotides and amino-acid identities and clustered with viruses from recently H5N1-confirmed human infections and poultry from different places in Egypt. Moreover, several amino-acid substitutions of viral H5 protein were observed. The vaccinal break seems to be associated with immune escape mutants and/or improper vaccination. The role of contaminated eggs as a source of infection and as a vehicle for spread of the virus should be considered in area with avian influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Kilany
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Nadi El-Seid St. Dokki, P.O. Box 264, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Abstract
We describe the second reported case of three consecutive episodes of gallstone ileus and ask the question whether recurrent gallstone ileus justifies definitive surgery to the fistula itself or can be safely managed by repeated enterotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussain
- General Surgery Department, York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
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Ahmed MS, Moly KN, Aziz MA. Use of povidone-iodine drop instead of sub-conjunctival injection of dexamethasone and gentamicin combination at the end of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Mymensingh Med J 2010; 19:232-235. [PMID: 20395917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the use of 5% povidone-iodine drop with subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone and gentamicin combination at the completion of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This prospective randomized study was conducted at the department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July, 2005 to June 2006. Senile & pre-senile cataract patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were included in the study. Thirty patients were randomly included in Group A, receiving sub-conjunctival injection of dexamethasone and gentamicin combination and 30 patients in Group- B, receiving 5% povidone-iodine drop at the end of phacoemulsification surgery. Protocol for pre-operative medications, phacoemulsification technique and post-operative medications were similar in both groups. All patients were followed for 6 months post-operatively. Outcome measures were i) patients experience of pain and discomfort post-operatively ii) grade of inflammation post-operatively and iii) visual outcome. Difference of data between two groups was analyzed by unpaired 't' test and chi-square test. In Group A, mean age were 56.86+/-10.25 (SD) years and in Group B, mean age was 57.70+/-10.25 (SD) years. In Group A, 18(60%) patients were male and 12(40%) were female. In Group B, 16(53.33%) were male and 14(46.67%) were female. Pain and discomfort perceived by patients were measured by VAS at the end of operation, on 1st POD and after 7 days post-operatively. Mean VAS score was 5.7 in Group A and 2.7 in Group B at the end of surgery, 2.5 in Group A and 2.2 in Group B on 1st POD and 0.7 in Group A and 0.6 in Group B on 7th POD. Post-operative inflammation was assessed by slit lamp considering conjunctival congestion, chemosis, corneal striation, corneal oedema, cells and flare in anterior chamber. No significant difference was observed between two groups. Mean visual acuity was 0.16+/-0.12 in Group A and 0.15+/-0.13 in Group B. Anti-inflammatory, anti-infective effects and visual outcome are similar in both groups. But sub-conjunctival injection resulted more pain and hence less acceptable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ara A, Khalil M, Sultana SZ, Ahmed MS, Akhter F, Haque N, Haque MA, Choudhury AI. Morphometric study of vocal fold of different sexes of Bangladeshi cadaver. Mymensingh Med J 2010; 19:173-175. [PMID: 20395907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The larynx is an organ of respiration and phonation. Larynx or Voice box is well developed in humans. The sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming etc. Pitch of the sound depends on the length, tension and mass of the vocal folds. This cross sectional descriptive type of study was done to see the length of the vocal folds and to establish the difference between sexes of adult Bangladeshi people. A total of 29 human larynges of adult age group ranging from 17 to 60 years in the both sexes were collected by purposive sampling during routine postmortem examination at the autopsy laboratory of Department of Forensic Medicine of Mymensingh Medical College, from October 2008 to March 2009. The mean length of vocal fold was measured and significance differences of the dimension between male and female were observed. In the present study observed finding was compared with those of other researchers. In male the mean(+/-SD) length of vocal fold was 23.12(+/-4.06) mm. In female the mean(+/-SD) length of vocal fold was 18.50(+/-2.39) mm. In statistical analysis, difference between male and female values was calculated by using Students (Unpaired) 't' test. The present study revealed that the value was greater in male than in female group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ara
- Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ibrahim WH, Rasul KI, Khinji A, Ahmed MS, Bener A. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer cases in Qatar. East Mediterr Health J 2010; 16:166-170. [PMID: 20799569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study documents for the first time the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer cases in Qatar from 1998 to 2005. The age-standardized incidence rate was higher than that in many other Gulf countries: 8.95 per 100,000 (15.2 per 100,000 for males; 3.95 per 100,000 for females). Mean age at diagnosis was 57.5 years. Most patients were current smokers or ex-smokers at the time of diagnosis (82.5%). Unlike other Gulf countries, adenocarcinoma was the predominant type in both Qatari nationals and expatriates (43.9% of lung cancer types). Many cases were in an advanced stage at diagnosis (64.2% at stage IV). Incomplete information was available on mortality rate due to the migration of expatriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ibrahim
- Pulmonary Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
A retrospective audit of all cases of early syphilis seen in genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics in Teesside was undertaken between 2005 and 2007. In all 80 patients early syphilis was identified. Data on patient sexuality, treatment, and serological follow-up and partner notification were collected and analysed. There were 48 heterosexual cases. There were 21 heterosexual males, and of the 27 females, 12 (44%) were diagnosed during antenatal care. Intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin were used to treat 75 out of the 80 patients at the clinics. The remaining five patients received oral therapy for two weeks: four had a course of doxycycline and one received amoxicillin plus probenecid. The treatment rate of the population was 100%. In total, there were 115 contactable partners, of whom 87 (75.7%) were screened and/or treated. Successful treatment was defined as a four-fold or greater titre decrease in the Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory test within 3–6 months after treatment. Twenty-one patients were excluded when assessing this due to incomplete serological follow-up. Satisfactory titre declines occurred in 56 (94.9%) of the 59 patients. Overall, the clinics were shown to have adhered well with national standards. The rise in heterosexual and antenatal incidence is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tayal
- Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
| | - M S Ahmed
- Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
| | - U Hanif
- Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
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Mannan S, Khalil M, Rahman M, Ahmed MS. Measurement of different external dimensions of the heart in adult Bangladeshi cadaver. Mymensingh Med J 2009; 18:175-178. [PMID: 19623143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the gross morphological parameters regarding heart to establish a racial characteristic of Bangladeshi adult population. To fulfill this aim, different external dimensions of the heart in Bangladeshi adult people of both sexes were measured and compared with the findings of other researchers of Bangladesh and western countries. A total fifty normal human hearts from both sexes were collected during routine postmortem examination in autopsy laboratory of Forensic medicine department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh on different dates from August 2003 to April 2004. The age at death of cadavers was ranged from 20 to 60 years. The mean weight, length, breadth and antero-posterior diameter were measured and the following values were found. In male the mean (+/-SD) weight was 247.92(+/-40.26) gm, mean (+/-SD) length was 10.5(+/-0.62) cm, mean (+/-SD) breadth was 8.51(+/-0.61) cm and mean (+/-SD) antero-posterior diameter was 5.86(+/-0.63) cm. In female the mean (+/-SD) weight was 164.29(+/-33.56) gm, mean (+/-SD) length was 9.2(+/-0.89) cm, mean (+/-SD) breadth was 7.67(+/-0.61) cm and mean (+/-SD) antero-posterior diameter was 5.47(+/-0.55) cm. In statistical analysis, difference between male and female values was calculated by using students 't' test. The present study revealed that the values were always greater in male than in female group, though statistically there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mannan
- Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Hebert MF, Ma X, Naraharisetti SB, Krudys KM, Umans JG, Hankins GDV, Caritis SN, Miodovnik M, Mattison DR, Unadkat JD, Kelly EJ, Blough D, Cobelli C, Ahmed MS, Snodgrass WR, Carr DB, Easterling TR, Vicini P. Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85:607-14. [PMID: 19295505 PMCID: PMC2684566 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glyburide's pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics have not been studied in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this study was to assess steady-state PK of glyburide, as well as insulin sensitivity, beta-cell responsivity, and overall disposition indices after a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) in women with GDM (n = 40), nonpregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 26), and healthy pregnant women (n = 40, MMTT only). At equivalent doses, glyburide plasma concentrations were approximately 50% lower in pregnant women than in nonpregnant subjects. The average umbilical cord/maternal plasma glyburide concentration ratio at the time of delivery was 0.7 +/- 0.4. Insulin sensitivity was approximately fivefold lower in women with GDM as compared with healthy pregnant women. Despite comparable beta-cell responsivity indices, the average beta-cell function corrected for insulin resistance was more than 3.5-fold lower in women with glyburide-treated GDM than in healthy pregnant women. Women with GDM in whom glyburide treatment has failed may benefit from alternative medication or dosage escalation; however, fetal safety should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Hebert
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Hammami W, Boujemaa H, Ahmed MS, Lahmandi M, El Abed R, Ben Abdallah N. [True gallbladder duplication: a case report]. J Radiol 2009; 90:511-512. [PMID: 19503035 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(09)74013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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