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Messina NL, Germano S, McElroy R, Bonnici R, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn DJ, McDonald E, Nicholson S, Perrett KP, Pittet LF, Rudraraju R, Stevens NE, Subbarao K, Curtis N. Specific and off-target immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines-an exploratory sub-study of the BRACE trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105100. [PMID: 38663355 PMCID: PMC11058726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies suggest that these vaccines may also have off-target effects on the immune system. We sought to determine and compare the off-target effects of the adenovirus vector ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and modified mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines on immune responses to unrelated pathogens. METHODS Prospective sub-study within the BRACE trial. Blood samples were collected from 284 healthcare workers before and 28 days after ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2 vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured using ELISA, and whole blood cytokine responses to specific (SARS-CoV-2) and unrelated pathogen stimulation were measured by multiplex bead array. FINDINGS Both vaccines induced robust SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and cytokine responses. ChAdOx1-S vaccination increased cytokine responses to heat-killed (HK) Candida albicans and HK Staphylococcus aureus and decreased cytokine responses to HK Escherichia coli and BCG. BNT162b2 vaccination decreased cytokine response to HK E. coli and had variable effects on cytokine responses to BCG and resiquimod (R848). After the second vaccine dose, BNT162b2 recipients had greater specific and off-target cytokine responses than ChAdOx1-S recipients. INTERPRETATION ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines alter cytokine responses to unrelated pathogens, indicative of potential off-target effects. The specific and off-target effects of these vaccines differ in their magnitude and breadth. The clinical relevance of these findings is uncertain and needs further study. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation and the Melbourne Children's. BRACE trial funding is detailed in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca McElroy
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Bonnici
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Population Allergy Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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2
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Rekima A, van den Elsen L, Isnard C, Smyth DJ, Lynn MA, Yee T, Stevens NE, Machado S, Divakara N, Bhasin M, Tjiam MC, Rowel C, Servant F, Burcelin R, Locksley R, Maizels R, Lynn DJ, Egwang T, Verhasselt V. Colostrum is required for the postnatal ontogeny of small intestine innate lymphoid type 2 cells and successful anti-helminth defences. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38348877 DOI: 10.1111/all.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Akila Rekima
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lieke van den Elsen
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Danielle J Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tee Yee
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Savannah Machado
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nivedithaa Divakara
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maheshwar Bhasin
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Christian Tjiam
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Candia Rowel
- Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Remy Burcelin
- Vaiomer SAS, Toulouse-Labège, France
- I2MC, INSERM 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rick Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David J Lynn
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Valérie Verhasselt
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Stevens NE, Ryan FJ, Messina NL, Blake SJ, Norton TS, Germano S, James J, Eden GL, Tee YC, Lynn MA, Botten R, Barry SE, Curtis N, Lynn DJ. No evidence of durable trained immunity after two doses of adenovirus-vectored or mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171742. [PMID: 37471143 PMCID: PMC10471164 DOI: 10.1172/jci171742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Feargal J. Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Todd S. Norton
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susie Germano
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina L. Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yee C. Tee
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miriam A. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rochelle Botten
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simone E. Barry
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Ryan FJ, Norton TS, McCafferty C, Blake SJ, Stevens NE, James J, Eden GL, Tee YC, Benson SC, Masavuli MG, Yeow AEL, Abayasingam A, Agapiou D, Stevens H, Zecha J, Messina NL, Curtis N, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tran H, McFadyen JD, Bull RA, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn MA, Botten R, Barry SE, Lynn DJ. A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100971. [PMID: 36871558 PMCID: PMC9935276 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote optimal immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical for future rational vaccine design. Here, we longitudinally profile innate and adaptive immune responses in 102 adults after the first, second, and third doses of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Using a multi-omics approach, we identify key differences in the immune responses induced by ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 that correlate with antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses or vaccine reactogenicity. Unexpectedly, we observe that vaccination with ChAdOx1-S, but not BNT162b2, induces an adenoviral vector-specific memory response after the first dose, which correlates with the expression of proteins with roles in thrombosis with potential implications for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a rare but serious adverse event linked to adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses Study thus represents a major resource that can be used to understand the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Conor McCafferty
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Georgina L Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yee C Tee
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Arthur E L Yeow
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Arunasingam Abayasingam
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Stevens
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jana Zecha
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nicole L Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Huyen Tran
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - James D McFadyen
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Rochelle Botten
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Simone E Barry
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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5
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Stevens NE, van Wolfswinkel M, Bao W, Ryan FJ, Brook B, Amenyogbe N, Marshall HS, Lynn MA, Kollmann TR, Tumes DJ, Lynn DJ. Immunisation with the BCG and DTPw vaccines induces different programs of trained immunity in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:1594-1605. [PMID: 33895015 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to providing pathogen-specific immunity, vaccines can also confer nonspecific effects (NSEs) on mortality and morbidity unrelated to the targeted disease. Immunisation with live vaccines, such as the BCG vaccine, has generally been associated with significantly reduced all-cause infant mortality. In contrast, some inactivated vaccines, such as the diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis (DTPw) vaccine, have been controversially associated with increased all-cause mortality especially in female infants in high-mortality settings. The NSEs associated with BCG have been attributed, in part, to the induction of trained immunity, an epigenetic and metabolic reprograming of innate immune cells, increasing their responsiveness to subsequent microbial encounters. Whether non-live vaccines such as DTPw induce trained immunity is currently poorly understood. Here, we report that immunisation of mice with DTPw induced a unique program of trained immunity in comparison to BCG immunised mice. Altered monocyte and DC cytokine responses were evident in DTPw immunised mice even months after vaccination. Furthermore, splenic cDCs from DTPw immunised mice had altered chromatin accessibility at loci involved in immunity and metabolism, suggesting that these changes were epigenetically mediated. Interestingly, changing the order in which the BCG and DTPw vaccines were co-administered to mice altered subsequent trained immune responses. Given these differences in trained immunity, we also assessed whether administration of these vaccines altered susceptibility to sepsis in two different mouse models. Immunisation with either BCG or a DTPw-containing vaccine prior to the induction of sepsis did not significantly alter survival. Further studies are now needed to more fully investigate the potential consequences of DTPw induced trained immunity in different contexts and to assess whether other non-live vaccines also induce similar changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Marjolein van Wolfswinkel
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Winnie Bao
- Department of Peadiatrics, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Byron Brook
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; Child and Adolescent Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Blake SJ, James J, Ryan FJ, Caparros-Martin J, Eden GL, Tee YC, Salamon JR, Benson SC, Tumes DJ, Sribnaia A, Stevens NE, Finnie JW, Kobayashi H, White DL, Wesselingh SL, O’Gara F, Lynn MA, Lynn DJ. The immunotoxicity, but not anti-tumor efficacy, of anti-CD40 and anti-CD137 immunotherapies is dependent on the gut microbiota. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100464. [PMID: 35028606 PMCID: PMC8714857 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune agonist antibodies (IAAs) are promising immunotherapies that target co-stimulatory receptors to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses, particularly when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, their clinical translation is hampered by serious dose-limiting, immune-mediated toxicities, including high-grade and sometimes fatal liver damage, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and colitis. We show that the immunotoxicity, induced by the IAAs anti-CD40 and anti-CD137, is dependent on the gut microbiota. Germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice have significantly reduced colitis, CRS, and liver damage following IAA treatment compared with conventional mice or germ-free mice recolonized via fecal microbiota transplant. MyD88 signaling is required for IAA-induced CRS and for anti-CD137-induced, but not anti-CD40-induced, liver damage. Importantly, antibiotic treatment does not impair IAA anti-tumor efficacy, alone or in combination with anti-PD1. Our results suggest that microbiota-targeted therapies could overcome the toxicity induced by IAAs without impairing their anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Feargal J. Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jose Caparros-Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Georgina L. Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yee C. Tee
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John R. Salamon
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Saoirse C. Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Damon J. Tumes
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anastasia Sribnaia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Natalie E. Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John W. Finnie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steve L. Wesselingh
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Fergal O’Gara
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Miriam A. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
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7
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Stevens NE, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Skin Barrier and Autoimmunity-Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Autoimmune Blistering Diseases of the Skin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 31156638 PMCID: PMC6530337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the skin besides regulating internal body temperature includes formation of the barrier between the organism and the external environment, hence protecting against pathogen invasion, chemical and physical assaults and unregulated loss of water and solutes. Disruption of the protective barrier is observed clinically in blisters and erosions of the skin that form in autoimmune blistering diseases where the body produces autoantibodies against structural proteins of the epidermis or the epidermal-dermal junction. Although there is no cure for autoimmune skin blistering diseases, immune suppressive therapies currently available offer opportunities for disease management. In cases where no treatment is sought, these disorders can lead to life threatening complications and current research efforts have focused on developing therapies that target autoantibodies which contribute to disease symptoms. This review will outline the involvement of the skin barrier in main skin-specific autoimmune blistering diseases by describing the mechanisms underpinning skin autoimmunity and review current progress in development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the underlying causes of autoimmune skin blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Stevens NE, Chong HT, Yang GN, Cowin AJ. Flightless I Alters the Inflammatory Response and Autoantibody Profile in an OVA-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Skin-Like Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1833. [PMID: 30147695 PMCID: PMC6095979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive inflammation and disrupted skin barrier function. Although the etiology of AD is not completely understood, clinical and basic studies suggest increasing involvement of autoantibodies against intracellular proteins. An actin remodeling protein, Flightless I (Flii), has been shown to promote development of inflammatory mediated skin conditions and impairment of skin barrier development and function. Here, we sought to determine the effect of altering Flii expression on the development of AD and its contribution to autoimmune aspects of inflammatory skin conditions. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD skin-like disease was induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/−), wild-type (Flii+/+), and Flii transgenic (FliiTg/Tg) mice by epicutaneous exposure to OVA for 3 weeks; each week was separated by 2-week resting period. Reduced Flii expression resulted in decreased disease severity and tissue inflammation as determined by histology, lymphocytic, and mast cell infiltrate and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels and a marked IFN-γ Th1 response. In contrast, Flii over-expression lead to a Th2 skewed response characterized by increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production, Th2 chemokine levels, and Th2 cell numbers. Sera from OVA-induced AD skin-like disease Flii+/− mice showed a decreased level of autoreactivity while sera from FliiTg/Tg mice counterparts showed an altered autoantibody profile with strong nuclear localization favoring development of a more severe disease. These findings demonstrate autoimmune responses in this model of OVA-induced AD-like skin disease and suggest that Flii is a novel target, whose manipulation could be a potential approach for the treatment of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Heng T Chong
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Stevens NE, Yang GN, Melville E, Cowin AJ. Recombinant Leucine-Rich Repeat Flightless-Interacting Protein-1 Improves Healing of Acute Wounds through Its Effects on Proliferation Inflammation and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072014. [PMID: 29996558 PMCID: PMC6073877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an increasing clinical problem involving substantial morbidity, mortality, and rising health care costs. Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein-1 (LRRFIP-1) regulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation, suggesting a potential role in the healing of wounds. We sought to determine the role of LRRFIP-1 in wound repair and whether the exogenous addition of recombinant LRRFIP-1 (rLRRFIP-1) affected healing responses. Using a model of full-thickness incisional acute wounds in BALB/c mice, we investigated the effect of wounding on LRRFIP-1 expression. The effect of rLRRFIP-1 on cellular proliferation, inflammation, and collagen deposition was also investigated. LRRFIP-1 was upregulated in response to wounding, was found to directly associate with flightless I (Flii), and significantly increased cellular proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. rLRRFIP-1 reduced Flii expression in wounds in vivo and resulted in significantly improved healing with a concurrent dampening of TLR4-mediated inflammation and improved collagen deposition. Additionally, decreased levels of TGF-β1 and increased levels of TGF-β3 were observed in rLRRFIP-1-treated wounds suggesting a possible antiscarring effect of rLRRFIP-1. Further studies are required to elucidate if the mechanisms behind LRRFIP-1 action in wound repair are independent of Flii. However, these results identify rLRRFIP-1 as a possible treatment modality for improved healing of acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
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Lakhan N, Stevens NE, Diener KR, Hayball JD. CoVaccine HT™ adjuvant is superior to Freund's adjuvants in eliciting antibodies against the endogenous alarmin HMGB1. J Immunol Methods 2016; 439:37-43. [PMID: 27693642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are used to enhance the immune response against specific antigens for the production of antibodies, with the choice of adjuvant most critical for poorly immunogenic and self-antigens. This study quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated CoVaccine HT™ and Freund's adjuvants for eliciting therapeutic ovine polyclonal antibodies targeting the endogenous alarmin, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Sheep were immunised with HMGB1 protein in CoVaccine HT™ or Freund's adjuvants, with injection site reactions and antibody titres periodically assessed. The binding affinity of antibodies for HMGB1 and their neutralisation activity was determined in-vitro, with in vivo activity confirmed using a murine model of endotoxemia. Results indicated that CoVaccine HT™ elicited significantly higher antibody tires with stronger affinity and more functional potency than antibodies induced with Freund's adjuvants. These studies provide evidence that CoVaccine HT™ is superior to Freund's adjuvants for the production of antibodies to antigens with low immunogenicity and supports the use of this alternative adjuvant for clinical and experimental use antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa Lakhan
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Stevens NE, Hatjopolous A, Fraser CK, Alsharifi M, Diener KR, Hayball JD. Preserved antiviral adaptive immunity following polyclonal antibody immunotherapy for severe murine influenza infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29154. [PMID: 27380890 PMCID: PMC4933909 DOI: 10.1038/srep29154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy may have particular benefits for the treatment of severe influenza infection in at-risk populations, however little is known of the impact of passive immunotherapy on the formation of memory responses to the virus. Ideally, passive immunotherapy should attenuate the severity of infection while still allowing the formation of adaptive responses to confer protection from future exposure. In this study, we sought to determine if administration of influenza-specific ovine polyclonal antibodies could inhibit adaptive immune responses in a murine model of lethal influenza infection. Ovine polyclonal antibodies generated against recombinant PR8 (H1N1) hemagglutinin exhibited potent prophylactic capacity and reduced lethality in an established influenza infection, particularly when administered intranasally. Surviving mice were also protected against reinfection and generated normal antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to the virus. The longevity of ovine polyclonal antibodies was explored with a half-life of over two weeks following a single antibody administration. These findings support the development of an ovine passive polyclonal antibody therapy for treatment of severe influenza infection which does not affect the formation of subsequent acquired immunity to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stevens
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Antoinette Hatjopolous
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cara K Fraser
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsharifi
- Vaccine Research Group, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Nenke MA, Rankin W, Chapman MJ, Stevens NE, Diener KR, Hayball JD, Lewis JG, Torpy DJ. Depletion of high-affinity corticosteroid-binding globulin corresponds to illness severity in sepsis and septic shock; clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:801-7. [PMID: 25409953 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is cleaved by neutrophil elastase converting the high-affinity (haCBG) conformation of CBG to a low-affinity (laCBG) conformation with a ninefold reduced cortisol-binding affinity. These in vitro data suggest that cortisol release by CBG cleavage results in the targeted delivery of cortisol to areas of inflammation. Our objective was to determine whether CBG cleavage alters circulating levels of haCBG and laCBG in vivo in proportion to sepsis severity. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study in an adult tertiary level Intensive Care Unit in Adelaide, Australia. PATIENTS Thirty-three patients with sepsis or septic shock grouped by illness severity [sepsis, septic shock survivors, septic shock nonsurvivors and other shock]. MEASUREMENTS Plasma levels of haCBG and laCBG were assessed using a recently developed in-house assay in patients. Plasma total and free cortisol levels were also measured. RESULTS Plasma total CBG and haCBG levels fell significantly, in proportion to disease severity (P < 0·0001 for both). There was a nonsignificant increase in free and total cortisol as illness severity worsened (P = 0·19 and P = 0·39, respectively). Illness severity was better correlated with haCBG levels than either free or total cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Increasing illness severity in sepsis and septic shock is associated with markedly reduced circulating haCBG concentrations in vivo. We propose that low levels of haCBG in chronic inflammation may limit the availability of cortisol to inflammatory sites, perpetuating the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nenke
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - W Rankin
- Chemical Pathology Directorate, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M J Chapman
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - N E Stevens
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J D Hayball
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J G Lewis
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D J Torpy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Stevens NE, Fraser CK, Alsharifi M, Brown MP, Diener KR, Hayball JD. An empirical approach towards the efficient and optimal production of influenza-neutralizing ovine polyclonal antibodies demonstrates that the novel adjuvant CoVaccine HT™ is functionally superior to Freund's adjuvant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68895. [PMID: 23894371 PMCID: PMC3720891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapies utilising polyclonal antibodies could have a valuable role in preventing and treating infectious diseases such as influenza, particularly in pandemic situations but also in immunocompromised populations such as the elderly, the chronically immunosuppressed, pregnant women, infants and those with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to optimise current methods used to generate ovine polyclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies to baculovirus-expressed recombinant influenza haemagglutinin from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8) were elicited in sheep using various immunisation regimens designed to investigate the priming immunisation route, adjuvant formulation, sheep age, and antigen dose, and to empirically ascertain which combination maximised antibody output. The novel adjuvant CoVaccine HT™ was compared to Freund’s adjuvant which is currently the adjuvant of choice for commercial production of ovine polyclonal Fab therapies. CoVaccine HT™ induced significantly higher titres of functional ovine anti-haemagglutinin IgG than Freund’s adjuvant but with fewer side effects, including reduced site reactions. Polyclonal hyperimmune sheep sera effectively neutralised influenza virus in vitro and, when given before or after influenza virus challenge, prevented the death of infected mice. Neither the age of the sheep nor the route of antigen administration appeared to influence antibody titre. Moreover, reducing the administrated dose of haemagglutinin antigen minimally affected antibody titre. Together, these results suggest a cost effective way of producing high and sustained yields of functional ovine polyclonal antibodies specifically for the prevention and treatment of globally significant diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Sheep
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Stevens
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cara K. Fraser
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsharifi
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R. Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail: (KRD); (JDH)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail: (KRD); (JDH)
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Stevens NE. Australian Sod Fly Introduced Into California (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Science 1948; 108:607-8. [PMID: 17752381 DOI: 10.1126/science.108.2813.607-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Stevens NE. IS TEACHING ABILITY RECOGNIZED? Science 1944; 99:101. [PMID: 17753903 DOI: 10.1126/science.99.2562.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE, Wilson WE. The Action of Crystalline Pepsin on Horse Anti-Pneumococcus Antibody. Science 1941; 93:458-9. [PMID: 17820719 DOI: 10.1126/science.93.2419.458-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Stevens NE. The Excessive Meekness of American Botanists. Science 1937; 85:580-2. [PMID: 17741148 DOI: 10.1126/science.85.2216.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE. Bureaucracy as a Way of Life. Science 1936; 83:497-9. [PMID: 17813966 DOI: 10.1126/science.83.2160.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE. CAN A PUBLICATION BE CAMOUFLAGED? Science 1933; 77:239. [PMID: 17773061 DOI: 10.1126/science.77.1992.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE. Brevity at Botanical Banquets. Science 1926; 64:597-8. [PMID: 17770714 DOI: 10.1126/science.64.1668.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE. Dean Inge on the Relation Between Science and Religion To-Day. Science 1926; 63:281-2. [PMID: 17772255 DOI: 10.1126/science.63.1628.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stevens NE. THE OBLIGATION OF THE INVESTIGATOR TO THE LIBRARY. Science 1920; 52:223-5. [PMID: 17773793 DOI: 10.1126/science.52.1340.223-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Shear CL, Stevens NE. The Physiology of the Amino Acids
. By Frank P. Underhill, Ph.D. Yale University Press. 1915. Pp. 169. Price $1.35. Science 1916; 43:173-6. [PMID: 17753513 DOI: 10.1126/science.43.1101.173-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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