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Tribout T, Minéry S, Vallée R, Saille S, Saunier D, Martin P, Ducrocq V, Faverdin P, Boichard D. Genetic relationships between weight loss in early lactation and daily milk production throughout the lactation in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00217-5. [PMID: 37164861 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
After calving, high-yielding dairy cows mobilize body reserves for energy, sometimes to the detriment of health and fertility. This study aimed to estimate the genetic correlation between body weight loss until nadir and daily milk production (MY24) in first- (L1) and second-lactation (L2) Holstein cows. The data set included 859,020 MY24 records and 570,651 daily raw body weight (BWr) phenotypes from 3,989 L1 cows, and 665,361 MY24 records and 449,449 BWr phenotypes from 3,060 L2 cows, recorded on 36 French commercial farms equipped with milking robots that included an automatic weighing platform. To avoid any bias due to change in digestive content, BWr was adjusted for variations in feed intake, estimated from milk production and BWr. Adjusted body weight was denoted BW. The genetic parameters of BW and MY24 in L1 and L2 cows were estimated using a 4-trait random regression model. In this model, the random effects were fitted by second-order Legendre polynomials on a weekly basis from wk 1 to 44. Nadir of BW was found to be earlier than reported in the literature, at 29 d in milk, and BW loss from calving to nadir was also lower than generally assumed, close to 29 kg. To estimate genetic correlations between body weight loss and production, we defined BWL5 as the loss of weight between wk 1 and 5 after calving. Genetic correlations between BWL5 and MY24 ranged from -0.26 to 0.05 in L1 and from -0.11 to 0.10 in L2, according to days in milk. These moderate to low values suggest that it may be possible to select for milk production without increasing early body mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tribout
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - S Minéry
- Institut de l'Elevage, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Vallée
- Institut de l'Elevage, 75012 Paris, France
| | - S Saille
- INNOVAL, CS 10040, 35538 Noyal sur Vilaine, France
| | | | - P Martin
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - V Ducrocq
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P Faverdin
- INRAE, AgroCampus Ouest, PEGASE, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - D Boichard
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Lefebvre R, Faverdin P, Barbey S, Jurquet J, Tribout T, Boichard D, Martin P. Association between body condition genomic values and feed intake, milk production, and body weight in French Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:381-391. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xavier C, Le Cozler Y, Depuille L, Caillot A, Lebreton A, Allain C, Delouard J, Delattre L, Luginbuhl T, Faverdin P, Fischer A. The use of 3-dimensional imaging of Holstein cows to estimate body weight and monitor the composition of body weight change throughout lactation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4508-4519. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Faverdin P, Guyomard H, Puillet L, Forslund A. Animal board invited review: Specialising and intensifying cattle production for better efficiency and less global warming: contrasting results for milk and meat co-production at different scales. Animal 2022; 16:100431. [PMID: 34996025 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are the world's largest consumers of plant biomass. Digestion of this biomass by ruminants generates high methane emissions that affect global warming. In the last decades, the specialisation of cattle breeds and livestock systems towards either milk or meat has increased the milk production of dairy cows and the carcass weight of slaughtered cattle. At the animal level and farm level, improved animal performance decreases feed use and greenhouse gas emissions per kg of milk or carcass weight, mainly through a dilution of maintenance requirements per unit of product. However, increasing milk production per dairy cow reduces meat production from the dairy sector, as there are fewer dairy cows. More beef cows are then required if one wants to maintain the same meat production level at country scale. Meat produced from the dairy herd has a better feed efficiency (less feed required per kg of carcass weight) and emits less methane than the meat produced by the cow-calf systems, because the intake of lactating cows is largely for milk production and marginally for meat, whereas the intake of beef cows is entirely for meat. Consequently, the benefits of breed specialisation assessed at the animal level and farm level may not hold when milk and meat productions are considered together. Any change in the milk-to-meat production ratio at the country level affects the numbers of beef cows required to produce meat. At the world scale, a broad diversity in feed efficiencies of cattle products is observed. Where both productions of milk per dairy cow and meat per head of cattle are low, the relationship between milk and meat efficiencies is positive. Improved management practices (feed, reproduction, health) increase the feed efficiency of both products. Where milk and meat productivities are high, a trade-off between feed efficiencies of milk and meat can be observed in relation to the share of meat produced in either the dairy sector or the beef sector. As a result, in developing countries, increasing productivities of both dairy and beef cattle herds will increase milk and meat efficiencies, reduce land use and decrease methane emissions. In other regions of the world, increasing meat production from young animals produced by dairy cows is probably a better option to reduce feed use for an unchanged milk-to-meat production ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faverdin
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
| | | | - L Puillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants,75005 Paris, France
| | - A Forslund
- SMART-LERECO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 3500 Rennes, France
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Fischer A, Edouard N, Faverdin P. Precision feed restriction improves feed and milk efficiencies and reduces methane emissions of less efficient lactating Holstein cows without impairing their performance. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4408-4422. [PMID: 32113758 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A possible driver of feed inefficiency in dairy cows is overconsumption. The objective was therefore to test precision feed restriction as a lever to improve feed efficiency of the least efficient lactating dairy cows. An initial cohort of 68 Holstein lactating cows was monitored from calving to end of ad libitum feeding at 196 ± 16 d in milk, with the last 70 d being used to estimate feed efficiency. For a given expected dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) during ad libitum feeding, offered DMI during restriction was set to observed DMI of the 10% most efficient cows during ad libitum feeding for similar performance. Feed restriction lasted during 92 d, with only the last 70 d being used for data analyses. A single diet was fed during ad libitum and restriction periods, and was based on 64.9% of corn silage and 35.1% of concentrates on a DM basis. Individual DMI, body weight, milk production, milk composition, and body condition score were recorded, as well as methane emissions. Feed efficiency was defined as the repeatable part of the random effect of cow on the intercept in a mixed model predicting DMI with net energy in milk, maintenance and body weight gain and loss within parity, feeding level, and time. Milk energy efficiency was estimated in the same way, predicting net energy in milk instead of DMI. The 15 least efficient cows ate 2.6 kg of DM/d more than the 15 most efficient cows during ad libitum feeding with 2 g/kg of DMI lower methane yield, but similar daily methane emissions. Feed restriction decreased DMI by 2.6 kg of DMI/d for the least efficient cows, which was 1.8 kg of DMI/d more than the most efficient cows, and decreased daily methane emissions by 49.2 g/d for the least efficient cows, which was 22.4 g/d more than the most efficient cows. Feed restriction had no significant effect on milk, body weight, or body weight change. Feed restriction reduced the variability of both milk energy and feed efficiencies, as shown by a decrease of their standard deviation from 0.87 to 0.69 kg of DM/d for feed efficiency and from 1.14 to 0.65 UFL/d for milk energy efficiency. Despite narrow efficiency differences, the most efficient cows during ad libitum feeding remained more efficient during feed restriction (r = 0.46 for feed efficiency and 0.49 for milk energy efficiency). The 2 efficiency groups no longer differed in feed efficiency during precision feed restriction. Precision feed restriction seemed to bring the least efficient cows closer to the most efficient cows and to reduce their methane emissions without impairing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fischer
- INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, PEGASE, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| | - N Edouard
- INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, PEGASE, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - P Faverdin
- INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, PEGASE, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Kipling R, Topp C, Bannink A, Bartley D, Blanco-Penedo I, Cortignani R, del Prado A, Dono G, Faverdin P, Graux AI, Hutchings N, Lauwers L, Özkan Gülzari Ş, Reidsma P, Rolinski S, Ruiz-Ramos M, Sandars D, Sándor R, Schönhart M, Seddaiu G, van Middelkoop J, Shrestha S, Weindl I, Eory V. To what extent is climate change adaptation a novel challenge for agricultural modellers? Environ Model Softw 2019; 120:104492. [PMID: 31787839 PMCID: PMC6876672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modelling is key to adapting agriculture to climate change (CC), facilitating evaluation of the impacts and efficacy of adaptation measures, and the design of optimal strategies. Although there are many challenges to modelling agricultural CC adaptation, it is unclear whether these are novel or, whether adaptation merely adds new motivations to old challenges. Here, qualitative analysis of modellers' views revealed three categories of challenge: Content, Use, and Capacity. Triangulation of findings with reviews of agricultural modelling and Climate Change Risk Assessment was then used to highlight challenges specific to modelling adaptation. These were refined through literature review, focussing attention on how the progressive nature of CC affects the role and impact of modelling. Specific challenges identified were: Scope of adaptations modelled, Information on future adaptation, Collaboration to tackle novel challenges, Optimisation under progressive change with thresholds, and Responsibility given the sensitivity of future outcomes to initial choices under progressive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.P. Kipling
- Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | | | - A. Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - D.J. Bartley
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - I. Blanco-Penedo
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
- IRTA, Animal Welfare Subprogram, ES-17121, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | - R. Cortignani
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry scieNcEs (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A. del Prado
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede Nº 1, Planta 1, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - G. Dono
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry scieNcEs (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - P. Faverdin
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, 35590, France
| | - A.-I. Graux
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, 35590, France
| | - N.J. Hutchings
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Postbox 50, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
| | - L. Lauwers
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ş. Özkan Gülzari
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - P. Reidsma
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, the Netherlands
| | - S. Rolinski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegraphenberg A31, D-14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Ruiz-Ramos
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEIGRAM-ETSIAAB, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - D.L. Sandars
- School of Water, Energy, and Environment (SWEE), Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - R. Sándor
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - M. Schönhart
- Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Seddaiu
- Desertification Research Centre and Dept. Agricultural Sciences, Univ. Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - J. van Middelkoop
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - I. Weindl
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegraphenberg A31, D-14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - V. Eory
- SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
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Dufreneix F, Faverdin P, Peyraud JL. Influence of particle size and density on mean retention time in the rumen of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3010-3022. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fischer A, Delagarde R, Faverdin P. Identification of biological traits associated with differences in residual energy intake among lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4193-4211. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fischer A, Luginbühl T, Delattre L, Delouard J, Faverdin P. Rear shape in 3 dimensions summarized by principal component analysis is a good predictor of body condition score in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4465-76. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Puillet L, Agabriel J, Peyraud J, Faverdin P. Modelling cattle population as lifetime trajectories driven by management options: A way to better integrate beef and milk production in emissions assessment. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khelil-Arfa H, Faverdin P, Boudon A. Effect of ambient temperature and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on water and electrolyte balances in dry and lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2305-18. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Haque M, Rulquin H, Andrade A, Faverdin P, Peyraud J, Lemosquet S. Milk protein synthesis in response to the provision of an “ideal” amino acid profile at 2 levels of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5876-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Apper-Bossard E, Faverdin P, Meschy F, Peyraud J. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference on ruminal metabolism and blood acid-base regulation in dairy cows receiving 2 contrasting levels of concentrate in diets. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4196-210. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brun-Lafleur L, Delaby L, Husson F, Faverdin P. Predicting energy × protein interaction on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4128-43. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Couvreur S, Hurtaud C, Marnet PG, Faverdin P, Peyraud JL. Composition of milk fat from cows selected for milk fat globule size and offered either fresh pasture or a corn silage-based diet. J Dairy Sci 2008; 90:392-403. [PMID: 17183107 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)72640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the synthesis and composition of milk produced by dairy cows that secrete either small milk fat globules (SMFG) or large milk fat globules (LMFG), and to study their response to diets known to alter milk composition. Four groups of 3 multiparous dairy cows were assigned to 2 isoenergetic feeding treatments: a corn silage treatment supplemented with soybean meal, and fresh pasture supplemented with cereal concentrate. The 4 groups comprised 2 groups of 3 dairy cows that produced SMFG (3.44 microm) and 2 groups of 3 dairy cows that produced LMFG (4.53 microm). The SMFG dairy cows produced higher yields of milk, protein, and calcium. Nevertheless, their milk had lower fat and protein contents. Both SMFG and LMFG cows secreted similar amounts of milk fat; therefore, higher globule membrane contents in milk fat were observed in SMFG cows. Higher calcium mineralization of the casein micelles in SMFG cows suggests that it may be possible to improve cheese-making properties even if the lower protein content may lead to lower cheese yields. The SMFG cows secrete milk fat with a higher concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and a lower concentration of short-chain fatty acids. They also have a higher C18:1/C18:0 ratio than LMFG cows. This suggests that SMFG cows have more significant fatty acid elongation and desaturation. The pasture treatment led to an increase in milk and protein yields because of increased energy intake. It also resulted in lower milk fat yield and fat and protein contents. The pasture treatment led to a decrease in milk fat globule size and, as expected, an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. However, it induced a decrease in the protein content, and in calcium mineralization of casein micelles, which suggests that this type of milk would be less suitable for making cheese. This study also shows that there is no correlation between the cows, based on milk fat globule size and diet. These results open up possibilities for improving milk fat quality based on milk fat globule size, and composition. The mechanisms involved in milk fat globule secretion are still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Couvreur
- Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA-Agrocampus Rennes Production du Lait, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Boudon A, Faverdin P, Delagarde R, Lamberton P, Peyraud JL. Effects of Rumen or Duodenal Glucose Infusions on Intake in Dairy Cows Fed Fresh Perennial Ryegrass Indoors. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4397-410. [PMID: 17699060 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of fresh highly digestible ryegrass could be limited by the total amount of energy absorbed. Moreover, it investigated whether the limitation was more specific to energy absorbed as volatile fatty acids in the rumen compared with energy absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Four treatments were compared: infusion of 1.25 kg of glucose into the rumen (R1.25), infusion of 2.5 kg of glucose into the rumen (R2.5), infusion of 1.5 kg of glucose into the duodenum (D1.5), and a control treatment consisting of water and salts. Treatments R2.5 and D1.5 were assumed to supply about 16.5 MJ of net energy for lactation. All treatments consisted of 2 infusions, one into the rumen and the other into the duodenum, with one of these infusions being a control. All infused solutions were isoosmotic with osmolarities around 340 and 330 mmol/L for rumen and duodenum, respectively. Treatments were compared using 4 dairy cows in mid lactation according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design replicated twice during 8 periods of 7 d each. Cows were housed in tie stalls and fed ad libitum with fresh perennial ryegrass cut every morning during the spring at 28 d of regrowth. Intake and feeding behavior were measured, as well as concentrations of ruminal fermentation products and some blood metabolites. The pepsin-cellulase organic matter digestibility of the offered herbage averaged 0.76 +/- 0.011. The average dry matter intake of herbage was 15.5 +/- 0.52 kg/d. The glucose infusions decreased dry matter intake by 0.95 kg/d compared with the control, but had the same satiating effect regardless of site or dose of infusion. The average concentration of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid was 97.9 +/- 2.03 mmol/L and the molar proportion of propionate was 21.6 +/- 0.19 mmol/100 mmol. Glucose infusions into the rumen led to a decrease in the molar proportions of acetate from 64.4 on the control treatment to 60.9 mmol/100 mmol on R2.5 and increased the molar proportions of butyrate from 10.2 (control) to 13.5 mmol/100 mmol on R2.5, and minor acids (valerate and caproate), from 1.27 (control) to 2.54 mmol/100 mmol on R2.5, proportionally to the dose infused. These results suggested that energy nutrients can limit intake in dairy cows fed high-digestibility ryegrass and that butyrate and minor acids would have a limited satiating effect compared with propionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boudon
- INRA, Agrocampus Rennes, UMR1080, Production du Lait, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
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Horan B, Faverdin P, Delaby L, Rath M, Dillon P. The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian dairy cow and pasture-based system on grass intake and milk production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/asc200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow, pasture-based feeding system (FS) and their interaction on milk production, dry matter (DM) intake and energy balance over 3 years consecutively. The three strains were: high milk production North American (HP), high fertility and survival (durability) North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ). The FS were: a high grass allowance (HG FS), a high concentrate (HC FS) and a high stocking rate (HS FS). A separate farmlet existed for each FS and a total of 99, 117 and 117 animals were used in year 1, year 2 and year 3, respectively, divided equally between strains and FS. Individual animal intakes were estimated three times each year at pasture; in May (P1), in July (P2) and October (P3), corresponding on average to day 102, 177 and 240 of lactation, respectively. The HP cows achieved the highest milk yield, the NZ the lowest, while the HD was intermediate; the HP achieved the highest solid corrected milk yield with no difference between the NZ and HD strains. The grass DM intake of the HP strain was highest ( P<0·001) in all feeding systems. There was a significant strain×FS interaction for yield of milk, fat and protein, grass DM and total DM intake. The milk production response to the HC FS in P1 and P2 was significantly greater for both the HP and HD strains than for the NZ strain, while in P3 the response was highest for the HP, lowest for the NZ and intermediate for the HD. The reduction in pasture DM intake per kg of concentrate was greatest for the NZ strain, lowest for the HP and intermediate for the HD strain. The NZ strain also had the highest grass DM intake per kg live weight. The existence of strain×FS interactions for production and DM intake indicate that greater knowledge of both genotype and feeding environment is required to predict animal performance.
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Apper-Bossard E, Peyraud JL, Faverdin P, Meschy F. Changing Dietary Cation-Anion Difference for Dairy Cows Fed with Two Contrasting Levels of Concentrate in Diets. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:749-60. [PMID: 16428642 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-producing dairy cows are commonly fed diets containing a high proportion of rapidly degradable starch, which can cause subacute acidosis and reduce dry matter (DM) intake. Because of the properties of nonmetabolizable cations and anions, increasing the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD = Na + K - Cl - S in mEq/kg of DM) may prevent a drop in DM intake. To test this hypothesis, 48 Holstein cows were blocked into 2 groups of 24 and assigned to two 3 x 3 Latin squares in a split-plot design. Each group received one level of concentrate at either 20% or 40% on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diet containing 20% concentrate was formulated to supply 4% rapidly degradable starch, whereas the diet containing 40% concentrate supplied 22% rapidly degradable starch. Diets in each square were formulated to provide a DCAD of 0, 150, or 300 mEq/kg of DM. The 3 values were obtained by manipulating Na and Cl contents. Intake, 4% fat-corrected milk yield, and milk fat percentage, as well as blood nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased with DCAD, but only on the diet providing 40% concentrate. The yield of trans-10 C(18:1) and odd-chain fatty acids decreased with increasing DCAD, whereas trans-11 C(18:1) increased. Again, this occurred only with the diet providing 40% concentrate. Blood pH and HCO(3) concentration increased along with DCAD, irrespective of the concentrate level. A positive DCAD led to increasing DM intake and fat-corrected milk yield in dairy cows fed highly degradable diets. The mechanism involved may be a localized rumen buffering effect, together with the ability of positive DCAD to maintain blood acid-base status in cows faced with a massive acid input.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Apper-Bossard
- Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA-Agrocampus Production du Lait, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Horan B, Dillon P, Faverdin P, Delaby L, Buckley F, Rath M. The Interaction of Strain of Holstein-Friesian Cows and Pasture-Based Feed Systems on Milk Yield, Body Weight, and Body Condition Score. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:1231-43. [PMID: 15738257 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between genotype and environment are becoming increasingly important as cattle genotypes are being managed in a diverse range of environments worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate if there is an interaction of strain of Holstein-Friesian cows (HF) by grass-based feed system that affects milk production, body weight, and body condition score. Three strains of HF were compared on 3 pasture-based feed systems over 3 consecutive years. The 3 strains of HF were: high production North American, high durability North American, and New Zealand. The 3 grass-based feeding systems (FS) were: a high grass allowance system (MPFS), a high concentrate system (HCFS), and a high stocking rate system (HSFS). There was a separate farmlet for each FS and a total of 99, 117, and 117 animals were used in yr 1, 2, and 3 respectively, divided equally between strains of HF and FS. The high production cows produced the highest yield of milk, the New Zealand the lowest, and the high durability animals were intermediate. Milk fat and protein content were higher for the New Zealand strain than for the high production and high durability strains. The New Zealand strain had the lowest body weight and the highest condition score, whereas the high durability strain had the highest body weight, and the high production strain had the lowest condition score. There was a strain x FS interaction for yield of milk, fat, and protein. The milk production response to increased concentrate supplementation (MPFS vs. HCFS) was greater with both the high production and high durability strains (1.10 kg of milk/kg of concentrate for high production; 1.00 kg of milk/kg of concentrate for high durability) than the New Zealand strain (0.55 kg of milk/kg of concentrate). The results indicate that the optimum strain of HF will vary with feed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Horan
- Dairy Production Department, Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Chaves A, Peyraud JL, Delagarde R, Faverdin P. Assessment of the Grazemore dairy cow model to
predict performance of grazing dairy cows fed forages. J Anim Feed Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/70758/2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bareille N, Beaudeau F, Billon S, Robert A, Faverdin P. Effects of health disorders on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(03)00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kennedy J, Dillon P, Delaby L, Faverdin P, Stakelum G, Rath M. Effect of genetic merit and concentrate supplementation on grass intake and milk production with Holstein Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:610-21. [PMID: 12647967 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 48 high genetic merit (HM) and 48 medium merit (MM) cows, each given a low (LC), medium (MC), or high (HC) level of concentrate supplementation, were used in a split-plot design experiment, which was run in three consecutive years, to evaluate animal production responses. Individual cow intakes were estimated twice each year while at pasture; measurement period 1 (MP1) was in May/June, and measurement period 2 (MP2) was in early September, corresponding on average to d 110 and 200 of lactation, respectively. In MP1, cows were offered 0 (LC), 3 (MC), and 6 kg (HC), whereas in MP2 the levels were 0 (LC), 0 (MC), and 4 kg (HC) of concentrate daily. Genotype had a significant effect on all milk production parameters in MP1 and MP2. The HM cows had the highest yield of milk, fat, protein, and lactose, whereas the MM cows had the highest milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations. The HM cows had significantly higher grass dry matter intake (GDMI) estimates. In MP1, the average responses, per kg concentrate dry matter, was +1.10 kg of milk, +0.038 kg of protein, +0.032 kg of fat. The corresponding values in MP2 were +0.94 kg of milk, +0.037 kg of protein, and +0.025 kg of fat. The response to concentrate was linear and independent of preexperimental milk yield. In MP1, the partial regression coefficients relating daily GDMI to an increase in 1 kg of preexperimental milk yield (PMY), preexperimental BW (PBW), and concentrate intake (CI) were 0.123, 0.006, and -0.54, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in MP2 were 0.190,0.007, and-0.444, respectively. This study indicates that with high yielding dairy cows, on gras only GDMI of 17 kg of supporting milk yield of 30-kg/d is achievable. In this scenario, concentrate supplementation will result in lower substitution rates, and higher milk yield response than previously published with lower yielding cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy
- Dairy Production Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Production Research Center, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Boudon A, Peyraud JL, Faverdin P. The release of cell contents of fresh rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.) during digestion in dairy cows: effect of the intracellular constituents, season and stage of maturity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
A dynamic model was developed to assess insulin sensitivity and pancreatic response in lactating dairy cows. The model is based on a simultaneous analysis of insulin and glucose intravenous tolerance tests. It comprises five compartments corresponding to insulin in portal-hepatic plasma, and insulin or glucose in both systemic plasma and in interstitial fluid. Insulin secretion rate is a sigmoidal function of glucose in plasma. Insulin is cleared from hepatic plasma and from the interstitial fluid. The glucose entry rate is constant and glucose utilization rate is a sigmoidal function of insulin in the interstitial fluid. Six parameters were estimated: two for insulin secretion rate, two for insulin clearance, one for glucose entry rate and one for glucose utilization rate. After integration of the functions, the model yielded a relative estimate of the quantities of insulin secreted and cleared, as well as the glucose entering and utilized during each test. Using an experimental dataset composed of ten pairs of tolerance tests, the explained variations for plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were 96.0 and 98.3 % and standard errors of estimates were 0.032 nmol/l and 0.14 mmol/l respectively. Except in the early stages after injection, residual errors were low. A Jackknife analysis showed that the estimated parameters exhibited low statistical bias. This model simplifies the interpretation of both tests through a simulation based on six common parameters. Compared to a classical analysis of tolerance tests, it may improve the analysis of modifications in the key functions regulating glucose homeostasis in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lemosquet
- Unité Mixte de Recherches sur la Production du Lait, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
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Abstract
The aim of this trial was to demonstrate the mechanisms and dynamics of signals triggered by digestion in the short-term control of feed intake. Large nylon bags containing rolled wheat were placed into the rumens of four fistulated cows--either prior to feed distribution or during a feeding period--and left for 4 h. To account for bag volume and its effects, bags full of indigestible sawdust were used as a control. The four treatments were compared according to a Latin square design with three replications. Regardless of their contents, when bags were present during the experimental feeding period, intake decreased by 1.2 kg of dry matter through a filling effect. Wheat in the bags had no specific effect on intake during the experimental intake period. Conversely, on the day after the experiment, the presence of wheat during feeding caused a 4.2-kg dry matter decrease in intake compared with the saw-dust control. This trial indicated that the nutritional feedback signaling effect on intake control during meals is delayed, contrary to that of rumen fill. Moreover, the delayed effect on intake is only observed when nutrient cues are synchronous with meals, and, consequently, could be the result of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faverdin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Station de Recherches sur la Vache Laitière, Saint-Gilles, France
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Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to examine the role played by nutrients in controlling feed intake in ruminants, in light of their particular anatomical, physiological, nutritional and behavioural characteristics. The ration is first digested in the rumen for several hours by microbial fermentation. Volatile fatty acids, which constitute 50-75% of a ruminant's energy supply, considerably depress feed intake when administered by short-term infusion into the rumen. However, this effect seems to be largely due to osmolarity problems. Only propionate seems to have a specific action, unrelated to osmolarity, in the mesenteric or portal veins. Nitrogenous nutrients have little short-term effect on feed intake, except when there is excess NH3 in the rumen. Metabolic cues from intestinal digestion, particularly of glucose and starch, have very little short- or long-term influence in controlling feed intake, in comparison with rumen digestion cues. However, the short-term responses in feeding behaviour do not always reflect longer-term effects on feed intake control. The effects of volatile fatty acid infusion on feed intake are much less significant over the long term, except in the case of propionate. The nutrients required for good microbial activity (proteins in the rumen) generally promote feed intake, whereas nutrients that disrupt rumen functioning (lipids) reduce feed intake. After a learning period, preferences are always governed by a tendency toward optimum rumen functioning, rather than by animal nutritional requirements, although the two factors are not independent. Ruminants, due to their particular anatomical and nutritional characteristics, have, in the course of their evolution, developed specific feed intake control mechanisms based on nutritional cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faverdin
- INRA, Station de recherche sur la vache laitière, Saint-Gilles, France.
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Lemosquet S, Rideau N, Rulquin H, Faverdin P, Simon J, Verite R. Effects of a duodenal glucose infusion on the relationship between plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:2854-65. [PMID: 9406078 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of duodenal infusion of glucose on the relationship between plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin and on milk composition were investigated in a crossover design. Eight dairy cows were continually infused with water (control) or glucose (1.5 kg/d). Cows received diets consisting of dehydrated whole-plant maize in restricted amounts to equalize the energy supply between treatments. Basal (before meal) plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were increased, but concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased, by glucose treatment. During the first 2 h after feed distribution, plasma insulin increased, and plasma glucose and NEFA decreased, in both control and treated cows. Afterward, plasma glucose increased in treated cows but further decreased in control cows. The difference reached 8 mg/100 ml without any change in plasma insulin. During the meal, concentrations of growth hormones in plasma were inhibited to a similar extent in both groups. In response to intravenous glucose or insulin challenges, changes in plasma glucose, NEFA, and insulin stimulated by glucose were also very similar in both groups. In conclusion, duodenal infusion of glucose increased basal plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin, increased postprandial plasma glucose, and decreased NEFA without inducing insulin resistance. Glucose treatment did not change milk yield but decreased milk fat yield, mainly through a decrease in the yield of C18 fatty acids that were derived from circulating fatty acids. In the absence of insulin resistance, the decrease in the yield of C18 fatty acids might be attributed to an inhibition of adipose lipolysis or an increase in adipose lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lemosquet
- Station de Recherches sur la Vache Laitière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, St-Gilles, France
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Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to show whether growth hormone could increase the effect of the beta 2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on feed intake. Two groups of Holstein cows [lactating (n = 4) and dry (n = 4)] were used to rule out the possible effects of increased energy requirements on feed intake. Treatments were administered according to a crossover experimental design with two 13-d periods and an 8-d readjustment interval. Treatments consisted of daily injections of 40 mg of bST or a placebo. Moreover, clenbuterol (3.16 micrograms/kg of BW) or saline challenges were infused intravenously for 4 h either on d 8 or on d 11 of each period. The cows were offered a dehydrated total mixed diet for ad libitum intake for 4 h twice daily. For both groups of cows, clenbuterol reduced DMI on the experimental day only, and bST intensified the effects of clenbuterol on DMI, causing a sharper decrease in DMI over 2 d. This enhancement of clenbuterol activity modified certain metabolic parameters including higher lipid mobilization during infusion and higher glycogenolysis. For dry cows, the initial rate of eating was reduced under bST treatment alone. During early lactation, bST, either by itself or through increased beta 2-adrenergic stimulation may restrict the development of intake by dairy cows over a few weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bareille
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur la Vache Laitière, France
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Abstract
A mechanistic model of intake and chewing activities was developed using data from confined sheep in order to integrate the relationships between feeding behavior and digestive processes. The model consists of two interconnected submodels. The ruminal digestion submodel describes flows of nutrients and is based on differential equations to simulate the dynamic evolution of particulate matter and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the reticulorumen. The diet is characterized by cell wall content and its potential digestibility, by the proportion of large particles (LP) retained on a 1-mm mesh sieve, and by an index of palatability. Particle comminution occurs during eating and ruminating. Intake is determined from attributes of the diet, animal live weight, and satiety status. Particulate outflow is calculated from a description of the activity of the reticulo-omasal orifice. Microbial digestion rates vary with lag phase, chemical fraction, size of particles, and ruminal pH. The VFA are aggregated into one compartment. The feeding decision submodel distinguishes among eating, ruminating, and resting. The choice among these activities is decided at each minute of simulation according to the relative values of functions of intake motivation (FMI) and of satiety (FSAT). The FMI function is based on diet palatability, energy balance, and the diurnal cycle. The FSAT function is determined by rumen load signals and energy balance. When the animal does not eat, the decision between ruminating and resting is related to the proportion of long particles in the rumen. Sensitivity analysis and validations indicate that the overall behavior of the model is adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sauvant
- Laboratoire INRA-INAPG de Nutrition et Alimentation, Paris, France
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Abstract
The goal of this experiment was to determine whether modulation of beta 2-adrenoceptors influenced DMI of lactating dairy cows. Because stimulation of these receptors induces mobilization of body fat stores, the effect of such stimulation on feed intake was compared with the effect of an intravenous administration of lipid nutrients. Four treatments were infused intravenously over a 4-h period: 1) a beta 2-agonist (clenbuterol), 2) a beta-blocker (propranolol), 3) triglyceride emulsion (lipids), or 4) saline. Two trials were carried out for the same four cows to compare the effects of two expected lipolytic situations. Trial 1 used cows at 60 DIM treated with infusions from 0300 to 0700 h, and trial 2 used cows at 92 DIM treated with infusions from 0800 to 1200 h. Each trial was composed of three consecutive replications of a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design with 2-d periods. A complete diet (70% maize silage and 30% concentrate) was offered for ad libitum intake. In both trials, clenbuterol reduced DMI on the day of infusion (-7.9 and -11.2% for trials 1 and 2, respectively) and on the following day (-5.1 and -6.3% in trials 1 and 2, respectively). This decrease occurred some time after the end of infusion. Intravenous lipid supplementation reduced DMI during infusion in both trials and during the entire day in trial 2. Both clenbuterol and lipids increased plasma NEFA only during infusion. Propranolol had no effect on DMI or basal lipolysis. The data demonstrated that stimulating beta 2-adrenoceptors reduced DMI but in a manner different from that of lipid energy supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bareille
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur la Vache Laltière, Saint-Gilles, France
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Bareille N, Faverdin P. Modulation of the feeding response of lactating dairy cows to peripheral insulin administration with or without a glucose supply. Reprod Nutr Dev 1996; 36:83-93. [PMID: 8881595 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19960108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of physiological amounts of insulin without glucoprivation on food intake of dairy cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows at 150 days post-partum were allocated to the treatments, consisting of a 4 h intravenous infusion of: 1) control (saline); 2) insulin (3.41 micrograms/kg); 3) glucose (2.75 mmol/kg); and 4) insulin plus glucose (same dosage). A complete diet was offered ad libitum and the intake behaviour was continuously recorded. The plasma insulin was only slightly increased during the insulin treatment, but the treatments including glucose increased it more. The insulin treatment increased dry matter intake during infusion (+12%; P < 0.07), but the increase was offset during the following 4 h. In contrast, dry matter intake was slightly decreased by insulin during the first hour of infusion (-8%; P < 0.03) when the insulin-induced hypoglycemia was prevented by a concomitant infusion of glucose. The insulin-induced glucoprivation stimulated food intake, whereas glucose availability had no obvious satiating effect in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bareille
- Station de recherches sur la vache laitière, Inra, Saint-Gilles, France
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Peyraud JL, Astigarraga L, Faverdin P, Delaby L, Le Bars M. Effect of level of nitrogen fertilization and protein supplementation on herbage utilization by grazing dairy cows. I. Herbage intake and feeding behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:19940358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Faverdin P, Aubert T, Peyraud JL, Widyobroto BP. Effects of the addition of water-filled bladders or volatile fatty acids to the rumen on the feeding behaviour in lactating dairy cows at different stages of lactation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:19930252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Peyraud JL, Widyobroto BP, Faverdin P. Effects of addition of water-filled bladders or volatile fatty acids into the rumen on digesta passage in the dairy cow eating ad libitum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:19930253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Peyraud JL, Astigarraga L, Faverdin P. The digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass fertilized at 2 levels of nitrogen in lactating dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:19930216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Faverdin P, Richou B, Peyraud JL. Effects of digestive infusions of volatile fatty acids or glucose on food intake in lactating or dry cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:19920151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Faverdin P. Effets d'infusions d'un mélange complet d'acides gras volatils en cours de repas sur la prise alimentaire de vaches taries ou en lactation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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