1
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Olaleye O, Krishnan G, Beck J, Noor A, Bulsara V, Boase S, Solomon P, Krishnan S, Hodge JC, Foreman A. Validation of the TNM-8 AJCC classification for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers in patients undergoing trans-oral robotic surgery. J Robot Surg 2023:10.1007/s11701-023-01524-y. [PMID: 36780056 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with some oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). HPV-OPSCC have better survival outcomes compared to HPV negative tumours. The new TNM-8 AJCC staging (2018) is based on ICON-S data with 98% of patients treated with primary chemoradiation. To validate the TNM-8 AJCC classification in HPV-OPSCC treated primarily with surgery (trans-oral robotic surgery or open). There were 102 patients with HPV-OPSCC treated between July 2009 and December 2014 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. The median age was 57 years (range: 38-83) and mostly males (84.5%). 27.2% were active smokers and 50.5% reformed smokers. Early T-stage cancer in 72.8%. Primary treatment was surgery & adjuvant therapy (70%) while primary chemoradiation (30%). Survival analyses were performed for the 7th and 8th AJCC systems. The reclassification to the AJCC 8th edition staging system resulted in a change of 54 patients from stage 4 to stages 1 and 2. This was mainly an effect of changes with N2a and N2b nodal disease being reclassified to N1. Survival outcomes were comparable with the ICON-S data. The new TNM-8 classification is, therefore, validated in a cohort treated, predominantly, with primary surgery and adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Olaleye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - G Krishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - J Beck
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - A Noor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - V Bulsara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - S Boase
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - P Solomon
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - S Krishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - J C Hodge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - A Foreman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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2
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Chen W, Mou KY, Solomon P, Aggarwal R, Leung KK, Wells JA. Large remodeling of the Myc-induced cell surface proteome in B cells and prostate cells creates new opportunities for immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018861118. [PMID: 33483421 PMCID: PMC7848737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018861118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a powerful transcription factor overexpressed in many human cancers including B cell and prostate cancers. Antibody therapeutics are exciting opportunities to attack cancers but require knowledge of surface proteins that change due to oncogene expression. To identify how MYC overexpression remodels the cell surface proteome in a cell autologous fashion and in different cell types, we investigated the impact of MYC overexpression on 800 surface proteins in three isogenic model cell lines either of B cell or prostate cell origin engineered to have high or low MYC levels. We found that MYC overexpression resulted in dramatic remodeling (both up- and down-regulation) of the cell surfaceome in a cell type-dependent fashion. We found systematic and large increases in distinct sets of >80 transporters including nucleoside transporters and nutrient transporters making cells more sensitive to toxic nucleoside analogs like cytarabine, commonly used for treating hematological cancers. Paradoxically, MYC overexpression also increased expression of surface proteins driving cell turnover such as TNFRSF10B, also known as death receptor 5, and immune cell attacking signals such as the natural killer cell activating ligand NCR3LG1, also known as B7-H6. We generated recombinant antibodies to these two targets and verified their up-regulation in MYC overexpression cell lines and showed they were sensitive to bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs). Our studies demonstrate how MYC overexpression leads to dramatic bidirectional remodeling of the surfaceome in a cell type-dependent but functionally convergent fashion and identify surface targets or combinations thereof as possible candidates for cytotoxic metabolite or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kevin K Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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3
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Lim SA, Gramespacher JA, Pance K, Rettko NJ, Solomon P, Jin J, Lui I, Elledge SK, Liu J, Bracken CJ, Simmons G, Zhou XX, Leung KK, Wells JA. Bispecific VH/Fab antibodies targeting neutralizing and non-neutralizing Spike epitopes demonstrate enhanced potency against SARS-CoV-2. MAbs 2021; 13:1893426. [PMID: 33666135 PMCID: PMC7939556 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1893426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neutralizing antibodies that target SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and most directly block binding of the viral Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we deliberately exploit non-neutralizing RBD antibodies, showing they can dramatically assist in neutralization when linked to neutralizing binders. We identified antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) by phage display that bind RBD, but do not block ACE2 or neutralize virus as IgGs. When these non-neutralizing Fabs were assembled into bispecific VH/Fab IgGs with a neutralizing VH domain, we observed a ~ 25-fold potency improvement in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 compared to the mono-specific bi-valent VH-Fc alone or the cocktail of the VH-Fc and IgG. This effect was epitope-dependent, reflecting the unique geometry of the bispecific antibody toward Spike. Our results show that a bispecific antibody that combines both neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes on Spike-RBD is a promising and rapid engineering strategy to improve the potency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/immunology
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/therapeutic use
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Shion A. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Josef A. Gramespacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katarina Pance
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susanna K. Elledge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Colton J. Bracken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xin X. Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Bracken CJ, Lim SA, Solomon P, Rettko NJ, Nguyen DP, Zha BS, Schaefer K, Byrnes JR, Zhou J, Lui I, Liu J, Pance K, Zhou XX, Leung KK, Wells JA. Bi-paratopic and multivalent VH domains block ACE2 binding and neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:113-121. [PMID: 33082574 PMCID: PMC8356808 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing agents against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. Here, we present a strategy to rapidly identify and assemble synthetic human variable heavy (VH) domains toward neutralizing epitopes. We constructed a VH-phage library and targeted the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding interface of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD). Using a masked selection approach, we identified VH binders to two non-overlapping epitopes and further assembled these into multivalent and bi-paratopic formats. These VH constructs showed increased affinity to Spike (up to 600-fold) and neutralization potency (up to 1,400-fold) on pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus when compared to standalone VH domains. The most potent binder, a trivalent VH, neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.0 nM (180 ng ml-1). A cryo-EM structure of the trivalent VH bound to Spike shows each VH domain engaging an RBD at the ACE2 binding site, confirming our original design strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Binding Sites, Antibody/immunology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Peptide Library
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- SARS-CoV-2
- Single-Chain Antibodies/chemistry
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J Bracken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shion A Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Duy P Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lyell Immunopharma Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth Shoshana Zha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Merck & Co., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katarina Pance
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin X Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin K Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Glasgow A, Glasgow J, Limonta D, Solomon P, Lui I, Zhang Y, Nix MA, Rettko NJ, Zha S, Yamin R, Kao K, Rosenberg OS, Ravetch JV, Wiita AP, Leung KK, Lim SA, Zhou XX, Hobman TC, Kortemme T, Wells JA. Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28046-28055. [PMID: 33093202 PMCID: PMC7668070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016093117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection begins with the viral spike protein binding to the human receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we describe a stepwise engineering approach to generate a set of affinity optimized, enzymatically inactivated ACE2 variants that potently block SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells. These optimized receptor traps tightly bind the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and prevent entry into host cells. We first computationally designed the ACE2-RBD interface using a two-stage flexible protein backbone design process that improved affinity for the RBD by up to 12-fold. These designed receptor variants were affinity matured an additional 14-fold by random mutagenesis and selection using yeast surface display. The highest-affinity variant contained seven amino acid changes and bound to the RBD 170-fold more tightly than wild-type ACE2. With the addition of the natural ACE2 collectrin domain and fusion to a human immunoglobulin crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain for increased stabilization and avidity, the most optimal ACE2 receptor traps neutralized SARS-CoV-2-pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the 10- to 100-ng/mL range. Engineered ACE2 receptor traps offer a promising route to fighting infections by SARS-CoV-2 and other ACE2-using coronaviruses, with the key advantage that viral resistance would also likely impair viral entry. Moreover, such traps can be predesigned for viruses with known entry receptors for faster therapeutic response without the need for neutralizing antibodies isolated from convalescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Glasgow
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jeff Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel Limonta
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Matthew A Nix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Nicholas J Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shoshana Zha
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Rachel Yamin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kevin Kao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kevin K Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shion A Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Xin X Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tom C Hobman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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6
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Bhusal S, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty S, Kumari A, Bachianathan S, Mahato A, Lal P, Gupta S, Solomon P, Das K, Mandal S. PO-1797: Dosimetric analysis of simultaneous integrated boost in the HYPORT Adjuvant Trial (NCT03788213). Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Bracken CJ, Lim SA, Solomon P, Rettko NJ, Nguyen DP, Zha BS, Schaefer K, Byrnes JR, Zhou J, Lui I, Liu J, Pance K, Zhou XX, Leung KK, Wells JA. Bi-paratopic and multivalent human VH domains neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting distinct epitopes within the ACE2 binding interface of Spike. bioRxiv 2020:2020.08.08.242511. [PMID: 32817948 PMCID: PMC7430580 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.08.242511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing agents against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed for treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. Here, we present a strategy to rapidly identify and assemble synthetic human variable heavy (VH) domain binders with high affinity toward neutralizing epitopes without the need for high-resolution structural information. We constructed a VH-phage library and targeted a known neutralizing site, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding interface of the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD). Using a masked selection approach, we identified 85 unique VH binders to two non-overlapping epitopes within the ACE2 binding site on Spike-RBD. This enabled us to systematically link these VH domains into multivalent and bi-paratopic formats. These multivalent and bi-paratopic VH constructs showed a marked increase in affinity to Spike (up to 600-fold) and neutralization potency (up to 1400-fold) on pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus when compared to the standalone VH domains. The most potent binder, a trivalent VH, neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 with half-minimal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 4.0 nM (180 ng/mL). A cryo-EM structure of the trivalent VH bound to Spike shows each VH domain bound an RBD at the ACE2 binding site, explaining its increased neutralization potency and confirming our original design strategy. Our results demonstrate that targeted selection and engineering campaigns using a VH-phage library can enable rapid assembly of highly avid and potent molecules towards therapeutically important protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J. Bracken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Shion A. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Duy P. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Beth Shoshana Zha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - James R. Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Katarina Pance
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - QCRG Structural Biology Consortium
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xin X. Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, CA
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8
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Glasgow A, Glasgow J, Limonta D, Solomon P, Lui I, Zhang Y, Nix MA, Rettko NJ, Lim SA, Zha S, Yamin R, Kao K, Rosenberg OS, Ravetch JV, Wiita AP, Leung KK, Zhou XX, Hobman TC, Kortemme T, Wells JA. Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.31.231746. [PMID: 32766586 PMCID: PMC7402043 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.31.231746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An essential mechanism for SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infection begins with the viral spike protein binding to the human receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here we describe a stepwise engineering approach to generate a set of affinity optimized, enzymatically inactivated ACE2 variants that potently block SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells. These optimized receptor traps tightly bind the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and prevent entry into host cells. We first computationally designed the ACE2-RBD interface using a two-stage flexible protein backbone design process that improved affinity for the RBD by up to 12-fold. These designed receptor variants were affinity matured an additional 14-fold by random mutagenesis and selection using yeast surface display. The highest affinity variant contained seven amino acid changes and bound to the RBD 170-fold more tightly than wild-type ACE2. With the addition of the natural ACE2 collectrin domain and fusion to a human Fc domain for increased stabilization and avidity, the most optimal ACE2 receptor traps neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the 10-100 ng/ml range. Engineered ACE2 receptor traps offer a promising route to fighting infections by SARS-CoV-2 and other ACE2-utilizing coronaviruses, with the key advantage that viral resistance would also likely impair viral entry. Moreover, such traps can be predesigned for viruses with known entry receptors for faster therapeutic response without the need for neutralizing antibodies isolated or generated from convalescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Glasgow
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeff Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Limonta
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Paige Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew A. Nix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicholas J. Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Shion A. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Shoshana Zha
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Rachel Yamin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Kevin Kao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Oren S. Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey V. Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Arun P. Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Xin X. Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - Tom C. Hobman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, CA
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Wright K, Beck KM, Debnath S, Amini JM, Nam Y, Grzesiak N, Chen JS, Pisenti NC, Chmielewski M, Collins C, Hudek KM, Mizrahi J, Wong-Campos JD, Allen S, Apisdorf J, Solomon P, Williams M, Ducore AM, Blinov A, Kreikemeier SM, Chaplin V, Keesan M, Monroe C, Kim J. Benchmarking an 11-qubit quantum computer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5464. [PMID: 31784527 PMCID: PMC6884641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of quantum computing has grown from concept to demonstration devices over the past 20 years. Universal quantum computing offers efficiency in approaching problems of scientific and commercial interest, such as factoring large numbers, searching databases, simulating intractable models from quantum physics, and optimizing complex cost functions. Here, we present an 11-qubit fully-connected, programmable quantum computer in a trapped ion system composed of 13 171Yb+ ions. We demonstrate average single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\%$$\end{document}%, respectively. These algorithms serve as excellent benchmarks for any type of quantum hardware, and show that our system outperforms all other currently available hardware. The growing complexity of quantum computing devices makes presents challenges for benchmarking their performance as previous, exhaustive approaches become infeasible. Here the authors characterise the quality of their 11-qubit device by successfully computing two quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wright
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
| | - K M Beck
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - S Debnath
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J M Amini
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Y Nam
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - N Grzesiak
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J-S Chen
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | | | - M Chmielewski
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA.,Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - C Collins
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - K M Hudek
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J Mizrahi
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | | | - S Allen
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J Apisdorf
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - P Solomon
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - M Williams
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - A M Ducore
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - A Blinov
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | | | - V Chaplin
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - M Keesan
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - C Monroe
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA.,Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - J Kim
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD, 20740, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Jordi MA, Khera S, Roland K, Jiang L, Solomon P, Nelson J, Lateef SS, Woods J, Martin L, Martin S, Aiello F, Chen N. Qualitative assessment of extractables from single-use components and the impact of reference standard selection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:368-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Labrum T, Solomon P. ELDER ABUSE BY PERSONS WITH SUBSTANCE USE AND/OR MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: RESULTS FROM THE NEMS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Labrum
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - P. Solomon
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Solomon P, Salbach N, O’Brien K, Worthington C, Baxter L, Blanchard G, Casey A, Chegwidden W, Dolan LA, Eby S, Gervais N. Increasing capacity of rehabilitation providers in the management of HIV: a knowledge translation intervention. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O’Brien K, Solomon P, Baxter L, Casey A, Tynan A, Wu J, Zack E, The K. Evidence-informed recommendations in rehabilitation for older adults living with HIV: implications for physiotherapy practice. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Only recently have complexity informed methods been viewed as a strategy for changing health care systems and care delivery. AIMS This article reports on participants' perceptions of being involved in a complexity informed educational approach to promote interprofessional collaboration in a system of care for children with disabilities. METHODS Over a one-year period, all employees within a network of eight community agencies participated in three day-long workshops. A subset of twenty-four employees participated in eight monthly facilitated discussion groups. The workshops and discussion groups focused on processes rooted in complexity sciences which value small-scale interaction to improve the quality of discovery and shared problem solving. Learning group members (n = 24) and their facilitators (n = 4) participated in interviews and focus groups at the end of the project. RESULTS Qualitative content analyses of the transcriptions of the interviews and focus groups revealed that participants identified tangible benefits of the process oriented approach. Challenges related to the lack of structure and emergent nature of the methods were identified. CONCLUSIONS Lessons learned include incorporating a gradual shift to emergent methods, fostering ownership from the beginning of the process, providing ongoing training to facilitators, flexibility and use of small-group scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- McMaster University , Hamilton, Canada
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Solomon P, Salfi J. Evaluation of an interprofessional education communication skills initiative. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2011; 24:616. [PMID: 22081661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Interprofessional education of pre-licensure students is viewed as an important precursor to developing healthcare professionals who are able to work collaboratively. OBJECTIVES This study conducted a program evaluation of an innovative interprofessional communication skills initiative which incorporated problem-based learning, cooperative learning and standardized patients. METHODS The communication skills session consisted of a three-hour, faculty facilitated, interactive format in which teams of five to eight students met to conduct an interview with a standardized patient and develop an interprofessional care plan. The program evaluation included measures of satisfaction, the Interprofessional Education Perception Scale (IEPS), the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), focus groups and individual interviews. FINDINGS A total of 96 students from medical, nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, midwifery, physician assistant and pharmacy programs self-selected to participate in the evaluation. Students rated their satisfaction with the communications skills sessions highly. There were small but statistically significant changes pre- and post-session in the IEPS. Qualitative analyses revealed that students perceived that they had learned about each others' scope of practice and built confidence in their communication skills. The skill of the facilitator and preparation for the experience were perceived to promote the success. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The demand for experiential events which provide students with the skills required to interact effectively in healthcare teams is likely to continue with the growing awareness of the need for interprofessional education. A learning experience which incorporates standardized patients and feedback from faculty facilitators can promote authentic interprofessional learning, and develop students' confidence to communicate in a team environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Joannis TM, Meseko CA, Oladokun AT, Ularamu HG, Egbuji AN, Solomon P, Nyam DC, Gado DA, Luka P, Ogedengbe ME, Yakubu MB, Tyem AD, Akinyede O, Shittu AI, Sulaiman LK, Owolodun OA, Olawuyi AK, Obishakin ET, Fasina FO. Serologic and virologic surveillance of avian influenza in Nigeria, 2006-7. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.42.19007-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Joannis
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - C A Meseko
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - A T Oladokun
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - H G Ularamu
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - A N Egbuji
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - P Solomon
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - D C Nyam
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - D A Gado
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - P Luka
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - M E Ogedengbe
- Virology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Nigeria
| | - M B Yakubu
- Virology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Nigeria
| | - A D Tyem
- Virology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Nigeria
| | - O Akinyede
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - A I Shittu
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - L K Sulaiman
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - O A Owolodun
- Virology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Nigeria
| | - A K Olawuyi
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - E T Obishakin
- Virology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Nigeria
| | - F O Fasina
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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Joannis TM, Meseko CA, Oladokun AT, Ularamu HG, Egbuji AN, Solomon P, Nyam DC, Gado DA, Luka P, Ogedengbe ME, Yakubu MB, Tyem AD, Akinyede O, Shittu AI, Sulaiman LK, Owolodun OA, Olawuyi AK, Obishakin ET, Fasina FO. Serologic and virologic surveillance of avian influenza in Nigeria, 2006-7. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:19007. [PMID: 18926110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since January 2006, H5N1 avian influenza has affected Nigeria's poultry population causing enormous loss of resources. The current circulating virus is a potential candidate for pandemic influenza which may severely affect the human and animal population worldwide especially in the resource-poor countries. In this study, we report on our field and laboratory surveillance efforts in Nigeria. A total of 1,821 tissue samples, 8,638 tracheal swabs, 7,976 cloacal swabs and 7,328 avian sera were analysed over a period of two years, with 312 positive results [corrected] We recovered 299 isolates of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 mainly from the diagnostic samples of poultry kept in backyard, small scale and free range farms. This finding emphasised the role played by these farming systems in the dissemination of avian influenza in Nigeria and highlights the need for a continued surveillance in humans since human-animal interaction is a key feature in Africa. Furthermore, there is a need for the strengthening of border controls. Since October 2007, there has been no reported and confirmed outbreak of avian influenza in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Joannis
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Regional Laboratory (Western and Central Africa) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Solomon
- a School of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - S. Wilkins
- a School of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Solomon P, Vanden Bout P, Carilli C, Guelin M. The essential signature of a massive starburst in a distant quasar. Nature 2004; 426:636-8. [PMID: 14668856 DOI: 10.1038/nature02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Observations of carbon monoxide emission in high-redshift (zeta > 2) galaxies indicate the presence of large amounts of molecular gas. Many of these galaxies contain an active galactic nucleus powered by accretion of gas onto a supermassive black hole, and a key question is whether their extremely high infrared luminosities result from the active galactic nucleus, from bursts of massive star formation (associated with the molecular gas), or both. In the Milky Way, high-mass stars form in the dense cores of interstellar molecular clouds, where gas densities are n(H2) > 10(5) cm(-3) (refs 1, 2). Recent surveys show that virtually all galactic sites of high-mass star formation have similarly high densities. The bulk of the cloud material traced by CO observations, however, is at a much lower density. For galaxies in the local Universe, the HCN molecule is an effective tracer of high-density molecular gas. Here we report observations of HCN emission from the infrared-luminous 'Cloverleaf' quasar (at a redshift zeta = 2.5579). The HCN line luminosity indicates the presence of 10 billion solar masses of very dense gas, an essential feature of an immense starburst, which contributes, together with the active galactic nucleus it harbours, to its high infrared luminosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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Weber R, Bergin M, Kiang CS, Chameides W, Orsini D, St JJ, Chang M, Bergin M, Carrico C, Lee YN, Dasgupta P, Slanina J, Turpin B, Edgerton E, Hering S, Allen G, Solomon P. Short-term temporal variation in PM2.5 mass and chemical composition during the Atlanta Supersite Experiment, 1999. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2003; 53:84-91. [PMID: 12568257 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Measurements in urban Atlanta of transient aerosol events in which PM2.5 mass concentrations rapidly rise and fall over a period of 3-6 hr are reported. The data are based on new measurement techniques demonstrated at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Atlanta Supersite Experiment in August 1999. These independent instruments for aerosol chemical speciation of NO3-, SO4(2-), NH4+, and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), reconstructed the observed hourly dry PM2.5 mass to within 20% or better. Data from the experiment indicated that transient PM2.5 events were ubiquitous in Atlanta and were typically characterized by a sudden increase of EC (soot) and OC in the early morning or SO4(2-) in the late afternoon. The frequent temporal decoupling of these events provides insights into their origins, suggesting mobile sources in metro Atlanta as the main contributor to early morning PM2.5 and more regionally located point SO2 sources for afternoon PM2.5 events. The transient events may also have health implications. New data suggest that short-term PM2.5 exposures may lead to adverse health effects. Standard integrated filter-based techniques used in PM2.5 compliance monitoring networks and in most past PM2.5 epidemiologic studies collect samples over 24-hr periods and thus are unable to capture these transient events. Moreover, health-effects studies that focus on daily PM2.5 mass alone cannot evaluate the health implications of the unique and variable chemical properties of these episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Moran JL, Peake SL, Solomon P. Learning new lessons or repeating old mistakes? CRIT CARE RESUSC 2002; 4:257-60. [PMID: 16573437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Moran JL, Solomon P. Worrying about normality. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2002; 4:316-9. [PMID: 16573445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Moran
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
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Moran JL, Peter JV, Solomon P. Nutrition as therapy: let's look at the evidence. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2002; 4:164-9. [PMID: 16573424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Abstract
The literature suggests that health professionals have a tendency to underestimate pain when performing clinical assessments. In addition, it appears that the more clinical experience one has, the greater will be the underestimation of pain. Pain assessment is difficult because of the complex interaction between environment, patient and practitioner variables. Although there is a need for further research in this area, there are clinical implications worthy of consideration. Health professionals need to use a variety of valid and reliable measures, use measures of pain behaviour and disability to complement self-report measures and examine how their own biases and values may influence pain judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- Physiotherapy Programme, McMaster University, IAHS, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, On, L8S1C7, Canada.
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Moran JL, Peake SL, Solomon P. Hypothermia as therapy in cerebral injury. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2002; 4:86-92. [PMID: 16573410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Prkachin KM, Solomon P, Hwang T, Mercer SR. Does experience influence judgments of pain behaviour? Evidence from relatives of pain patients and therapists. Pain Res Manag 2002; 6:105-12. [PMID: 11854772 DOI: 10.1155/2001/108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Judgments about an individual's pain can be profoundly important to sufferers. Relatively few studies have examined variables that may affect observers' judgments of the pain of others. The present article reports two studies investigating the relationship between different kinds of exposure to pain problems and observers' ratings of the pain intensity of patients. DESIGN In the first study, 82 observers were classified into groups with positive and negative family histories of chronic pain. They viewed a videotape showing the facial expressions of shoulder pain patients undergoing physiotherapy assessments and rated the pain experienced by the subjects. In the second study, the data from observers having no experience with pain problems were compared with data collected from therapists having considerable experience with pain problems. RESULTS Observers with a positive family history of chronic pain attributed greater pain to the patients than those with a negative family history of chronic pain. Professionals' pain judgments were lower than those of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Together, the findings imply that one's experiences with the different problems of pain patients may affect pain judgments. Alternative interpretations of the findings are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Prkachin
- Psychology Pogram, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada.
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Abstract
Recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural and remote communities are well-known challenges. Although the literature states that lifestyle factors and being from a rural background influence recruitment and retention, much of the research is dated and of limited relevance to rehabilitation professionals. This study reports on a survey of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) in northwestern Ontario. Seventy-four percent of the OTs and PTs from this geographically isolated region of Canada responded to a mail survey examining factors that influenced their job recruitment and retention decisions. Availability of leisure and recreation activities, proximity of family of origin, need for OTs and PTs and influence of spouse or partner frequently contributed to recruitment decisions and were also important in retention decisions. Although professional autonomy was an important source of job satisfaction for the respondents, almost one-third reported a feeling of professional isolation. Professional development initiatives appeared to influence job satisfaction but were unlikely to influence working life decisions. The findings suggest that recruitment and retention strategies should be multifaceted to reflect the complexity of therapists' decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- McMaster University School of Rehabilitation Science, IAHS, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
The Family Education Project is an example of how the consensus-building model can be used to gain acceptance of evidence-based practice, and adapt and implement it on the local level. The authors describe the consensus-building process and the lessons learned from implementing family education in one community in order to show how this process may be used to adapt best practice models to meet unique needs within local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marshall
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Solomon P, Hutton J. Meta-analysis, overviews and publication bias. Stat Methods Med Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1191/096228001678227767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Solomon P, Hutton J. Meta-analysis, overviews and publication bias. Stat Methods Med Res 2001; 10:245-50. [PMID: 11491411 DOI: 10.1177/096228020101000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dixon L, McFarlane WR, Lefley H, Lucksted A, Cohen M, Falloon I, Mueser K, Miklowitz D, Solomon P, Sondheimer D. Evidence-based practices for services to families of people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:903-10. [PMID: 11433107 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.7.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Family psychoeducation is an evidence-based practice that has been shown to reduce relapse rates and facilitate recovery of persons who have mental illness. A core set of characteristics of effective family psychoeducation programs has been developed, including the provision of emotional support, education, resources during periods of crisis, and problem-solving skills. Unfortunately, the use of family psychoeducation in routine practice has been limited. Barriers at the level of the consumer and his or her family members, the clinician and the administrator, and the mental health authority reflect the existence of attitudinal, knowledge-based, practical, and systemic obstacles to implementation. Family psychoeducation dissemination efforts that have been successful to date have built consensus at all levels, including among consumers and their family members; have provided ample training, technical assistance, and supervision to clinical staff; and have maintained a long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dixon
- Center for Mental Health Services Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore and the Department of Veterans Affairs Capitol Health Care Network, 21201, USA.
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36
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Abstract
This study of the extent to which probation officers use threats of incarceration when working with clients who have mental illness found that collaboration between probation and parole officers and mental health workers significantly enhances the coercive interactions between officers and their clients. Guidelines for collaboration between criminal justice and mental health systems are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Draine
- Social Work Mental Health Research Center, School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Mannion E, Solomon P, Steber SA. Implementing family-friendly services. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:386-7. [PMID: 11239114 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.3.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Abstract
There is a mixed record of research on consumer delivered services. There has been a great deal of descriptive work that supports the feasibility of consumer provided services. Only a limited number of studies have been reported that focus on outcomes for people who receive services from consumers. This new literature is at a critical juncture. This paper examines the state of research on three types of consumer provided services-consumer operated services, consumer partnership services, and consumers as employees. All these service types include consumers as paid providers who deliver mental health services to others, not primarily for their own benefit. This excludes self-help programs. Research resources need to be focused less on consumer provided services as adjunctive to professional services and more on determining the effectiveness of stand-alone consumer provided services in order to develop evidence to influence policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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39
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guidelines for the treatment of severe mental illness recommend that providers share information with families and involve them in treatment. However, research indicates that consumer-provider-family collaboration is not part of routine clinical practice. This study examined the process of releasing information to families and the types of information they receive. METHODS Self-administered surveys were completed by 219 family and consumer members of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. The surveys gathered information about their experiences with providers' releasing information. Consumers' attitudes toward collaboration and family members' satisfaction with providers were also measured. Regression analyses examined the relationship between consumers' attitudes toward family involvement and whether providers discussed family involvement or the release of information with consumers. Further analyses examined the relationship between family satisfaction and release of information. RESULTS The majority of family respondents (72 percent) reported that they received some specific information about their relative's mental illness. Most families received information about diagnosis and medications, but few received information about the treatment plan. Few consumers reported that their permission was requested to release information to their families. Consumers' attitudes toward their family and toward family involvement were significantly associated with whether they were encouraged by their provider to involve a family member in their treatment. No significant relationship was found between consumers' attitudes and whether their provider discussed the release of information. Family members' satisfaction was positively related to whether they received information from providers. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that although some information is shared with families, collaboration is not currently part of routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Marshall
- School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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40
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Conrad K, Solomon P, Chapnik JS. Impact of vertical dome division on nasal airflow. J Otolaryngol 2000; 29:162-5. [PMID: 10883830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vertical dome division is an effective maneuver in nasal tip surgery. Its applications include reduction of the tip projection, increasing tip rotation, narrowing of the domal arch, and correction of lobule asymmetry. Nevertheless, some surgeons avoid this technique, fearing tip deformity and possibly impaired nasal airflow. RESULTS In this study, nasal airflow measurements were made before and after septorhinoplasty with vertical dome division. There was no significant change in the airflow before and after septorhinoplasty with vertical dome division. The airflow was negatively affected in 37.5% and improved postoperatively in 25% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite objective findings of diminished nasal airflow in some patients following vertical dome division, no subjective correlation was identified. Furthermore, during the postoperative testing, alar retraction on all of these patients failed to normalize airflow results, indicating that alar collapse was not contributing to the airflow impairment in those cases. All of the patients were found clinically asymptomatic after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Conrad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario
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41
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Solomon P. Disease surveillance and intervention studies in developing countries. Stat Methods Med Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1191/096228000701555091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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43
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Seigneur C, Pun B, Pai P, Louis JF, Solomon P, Emery C, Morris R, Zahniser M, Worsnop D, Koutrakis P, White W, Tombach I. Guidance for the performance evaluation of three-dimensional air quality modeling systems for particulate matter and visibility. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:588-599. [PMID: 10786011 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Guidance for the performance evaluation of three-dimensional air quality modeling systems for particulate matter and visibility is presented. Four levels are considered: operational, diagnostic, mechanistic, and probabilistic evaluations. First, a comprehensive model evaluation should be conducted in at least two distinct geographical locations and for several meteorological episodes. Next, streamlined evaluations can be conducted for other similar applications if the comprehensive evaluation is deemed satisfactory. In all cases, the operational evaluation alone is insufficient, and some diagnostic evaluation must always be carried out. Recommendations are provided for designing field measurement programs that can provide the data needed for such model performance evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seigneur
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., San Ramon, California, USA
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44
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Abstract
Although practice guidelines for the treatment of persons with severe mental illness recommend involving family members in all phases of the treatment process, in many states unclear confidentiality statutes and regulations may present a barrier. This paper describes approaches used by a few locales to clarify confidentiality procedures for releasing information to families. It presents a model of steps that regional systems or local agencies may take to manage this barrier to provider-family collaboration. Policy guidelines must clearly state that release of information to family members requires client consent. A specific form for release of information to families indicating the types of information that may be released is then developed. Verbal release of information and a one-year time limit on release are recommended. The form, which should comply with state statutes and regulations, can then be integrated into routine clinical practice. Providers should be trained to discuss and explore issues about the release of information with both consumers and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bogart
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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45
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Solomon P, Chen J, D'Costa M, Gilbert R, Davidson J, Johnston M. Extracranial drainage of cerebrospinal fluid: a study of beta-transferrins in nasal and lymphatic tissues. Laryngoscope 1999; 109:1313-5. [PMID: 10443840 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199908000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether an alternative route of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage exists through the nasal mucosa and the cervical lymphatic system. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was carried out on 18 patients at a university teaching hospital. METHODS Ten patients undergoing routine endoscopic sinus surgeries and eight patients undergoing neck dissections were recruited for this study. Tissues were sampled from the middle turbinate, nasopharynx, and upper septum in the first group; jugulodigastric lymph nodes and nasopharyngeal tissues were obtained from the second group. Specimens were subjected to immunofixation electrophoresis in an attempt to identify the presence of beta-1 and beta-2 transferrins. Serum samples were obtained from each subject to serve as controls. RESULTS All tissue specimens contained beta-1 transferrin; none showed evidence of beta-2 transferrin. CONCLUSION Using this technique, an alternate route of CSF drainage through the nose and the cervical lymphatic system could not be confirmed. Nevertheless, a new technique of performing immunofixation in solid tissues for the purpose of beta-transferrin identification is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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46
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47
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Abstract
This article reports the results of a randomized trial of a team of case managers who are mental health consumers compared to a team of nonconsumer. Using a repeated measures MANOVA design, consumer case managers were found to be as effective as a team of nonconsumer case managers in maintaining the stability of severely mentally disabled clients served over a 2-year period. Implications for the employment of consumers in mental health services and the vocational capacity of persons with mental illness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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48
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Abstract
The Working Alliance Inventory was used to measure the strength of the therapeutic relationship between seriously mentally disabled case management clients and their case managers in a randomized trial of consumer-provided case management services. It was found that while there was no difference in the strength of the alliance between the consumer and nonconsumer teams of case managers, there were positive relationships between alliance and some outcomes, including quality of life, symptomatology, attitudes toward medication compliance, and satisfaction with mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solomon
- School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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49
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Abstract
Self-help groups have become important resources for families of persons with mental illness. The present study was an attempt to understand the factors perceived by group members as helpful using Yalom's factors in clarifying the dynamics of groups. Members (N = 202) of the Alliance for the Mentally Ill of Pennsylvania (AMI of PA), an association of self-help groups for families of the mentally ill, were recruited and responded to a self-administered questionnaire. Hierarchical block multiple regression indicated that those AMI members who felt information provision and gaining support and self-understanding from the group process was helpful and were longer term participants in their group were more likely to perceive benefit from belonging to the group. The findings may provide the basis for evaluating and improving self-help group effectiveness and contribute to understanding process factors within a self-help group which members find beneficial. Implications for how these groups can attract and maintain members are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Citron
- Family Support Line, Media, PA, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thakker
- Office of Mental Health/Mental Retardation, City of Philadelphia, PA, USA
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