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Abstract
Abomasal emptying defect (AED) is a disease syndrome that primarily affects Suffolk sheep and is characterized by distension and impaction of the abomasum. No histologic lesion has been consistently associated with this condition. There is no known etiology. In this study, nine cases of AED were identified by necropsy, including three rams and six ewes between 2 and 6 years of age. Four of the cases occurred sporadically, and five ewes were submitted on the same day from a single flock. Histologic examination of celiacomesenteric ganglia from six of the affected sheep revealed scattered chromatolytic or necrotic neurons, without inflammation. Chromatolytic neurons were observed more frequently in AED-affected sheep than in seven healthy Suffolk sheep ( P < 0.08, weak statistical support). Neuronal necrosis was not observed in any of the healthy sheep. Lineage records of the flock that suffered an outbreak were incompatible with the possibility of a simple inheritance pattern for this disease; furthermore, the very occurrence of AED in outbreak form is inconsistent with transmission solely by inheritance. Only one of the six tested sheep showed concurrent immunohistochemical evidence of scrapie. The lesion pattern in celiacomesenteric ganglia is suggestive of a neurotoxicosis. Neuronal lesions of AED resemble dysautonomic diseases of humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Pruden
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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3
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Schultheiss PC, Bedwell CL, Hamar DW, Fettman MJ. Canine Liver Iron, Copper, and Zinc Concentrations and Association with Histologic Lesions. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 14:396-402. [PMID: 12296391 DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc were measured in livers of 95 dogs that were suspected of having liver disease. Iron concentrations ranged from 177 to 7,680 ppm (dry weight basis); 54 dogs had iron concentrations greater than the normal concentration of 1,200 ppm. Iron stores were present in Kupffer cells and macrophages but not hepatocytes. The dogs did not have lesions of hemochromatosis. Dogs with high liver iron tended to have high liver copper and inflammatory lesions. High liver copper concentrations usually were associated with hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis. High liver zinc was found in only 5 animals and was accompanied by histologic inflammatory lesions in one. In humans, increased iron concentration in the liver exacerbates liver damage caused by a variety of insults, and the same may be true for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Schultheiss
- Colorado Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Abstract
Cases of hemangiosarcoma submitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory during a 6-year period were reviewed. Visceral hemangiosarcomas represent less than 2% of canine specimens submitted for histologic examination and nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma less than 1%. Most nonvisceral hemangiosarcomas of dogs occur in skin. Hemangiosarcomas are less common in cats and usually occur in skin. They are also rare in other animal species. Animals with nonvisceral hemangiosarcomas are usually mature; dogs and cats average 10 years of age. The tumors develop in many different locations, and there is no sex predilection. A wide variety of dog breeds are affected, but Italian greyhounds, greyhounds, and whippets are overrepresented. Clinical outcomes of 76 cases of nonvisceral hemangiosarcomas in dogs and cats were obtained from submitting veterinarians. Completeness of excision of a tumor is the most important factor that can be used in predicting clinical outcome for an affected dog or cat. In all cases in which the animals were clinically normal for at least 1 year after surgical removal of a nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma, the margins were reported to be free of neoplastic cells. Degree of differentiation, mitotic rate, size of tumor, and presence or absence of epidermal ulceration, mast cells, or solar elastosis did not correlate with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Schultheiss
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Schultheiss PC, Gardiner DW, Rao S, Olea-Popelka F, Tuohy JL. Association of histologic tumor characteristics and size of surgical margins with clinical outcome after surgical removal of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:1464-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.11.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Klose TC, MacPhail CM, Schultheiss PC, Rosychuk RA, Hawley JR, Lappin MR. Prevalence of select infectious agents in inflammatory aural and nasopharyngeal polyps from client-owned cats. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:769-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benign, inflammatory polyps may affect the nasopharynx and auditory canal of cats. It has been proposed that inflammation induced by infectious disease agents could trigger polyp formation. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Mycoplasma species, Bartonella species and Chlamydophila felis nucleic acids in polyp tissues collected from 30 clinically affected cats. Samples collected from the tympanic bulla from 12 clinically normal cats were also assayed. DNA or RNA of some of the target agents were amplified from samples from 25% of normal cats and 33% of affected cats; however, statistical associations were not detected for individual agent results or grouped results. The study documents that common oropharyngeal or blood borne agents can be detected in the tympanic bullae of normal cats. Failure to consistently amplify RNA or DNA of the select agents from polyp tissues suggests the agents studied were not directly associated with the pathogenesis of this syndrome in the cats tested. Alternately, the inflammatory response may have cleared microbial nucleic acids to undetectable levels by the time of sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Klose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Catriona M. MacPhail
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patricia C. Schultheiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rod A. Rosychuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R. Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Schultheiss PC, Van Campen H, Spraker TR, Bishop C, Wolfe L, Podell B. Malignant catarrhal fever associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 in free-ranging mule deer in Colorado. J Wildl Dis 2007; 43:533-7. [PMID: 17699095 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in four free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in January and February of 2003. Diagnosis was based on typical histologic lesions of lymphocytic vasculitis and PCR identification of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) viral genetic sequences in formalin-fixed tissues. The animals were from the Uncompahgre Plateau of southwestern Colorado. Deer from these herds occasionally resided in close proximity to domestic sheep (Ovis aries), the reservoir host of OHV-2, in agricultural valleys adjacent to their winter range. These cases indicate that fatal OHV-2 associated MCF can occur in free-ranging mule deer exposed to domestic sheep that overlap their range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Schultheiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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White SD, Affolter VK, Schultheiss PC, Ball BA, Wessel MT, Kass P, Molinaro AM, Bannasch DL, Ihrke PJ. Clinical and pathological findings in a HERDA-affected foal for 1.5 years of life. Vet Dermatol 2007; 18:36-40. [PMID: 17222238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A Quarter horse filly bred from two horses affected with HERDA (hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia) was observed clinically and its skin histologically for the 1.5 years of its life. Severe signs of the disease did not manifest until 1.5 years of age, and were not temporally related to saddling. Histological comparison to an age-, breed- and sex-matched control did not show any consistent diagnostic features. Monitoring of the proband substantiated previous reports of (i) the autosomal recessive nature of the disease, (ii) mares affected with HERDA being able to foal without damage to the skin or reproductive tract, (iii) HERDA foals appearing phenotypically normal throughout the first year of life, and (iv) demonstrated that histological interpretation of skin specimens from grossly normal skin may be insufficient to differentiate HERDA-affected horses from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Outcomes, signalments, and the relationship of histologic features with the outcome of melanomas located in lip, nail bed, and haired skin of dogs were reviewed. These melanomas were diagnosed as benign or malignant based on histologic features. Melanomas of the lip arose from mucous membrane in most cases. 32 dogs with lip melanomas that had histologic features of malignancy, 22 died because of the tumor within 1 year and 10 were tumor free for at least 1 year following removal. Of 10 dogs with melanomas with benign histologic features on the mucous membrane of the lip, 9 were tumor free for at least 1 year. Of 4 dogs with benign appearing tumors of the haired skin of the lip, 3 were tumor free for at least 1 year. Melanomas with histologic features of malignancy occurred in many locations of haired skin, and 11 of 24 dogs were tumor free for at least 1 year. All nail bed melanomas had histologic features of malignancy and all invaded the third phalanx, but 6 of 14 dogs were tumor free for at least 1 year after amputation of the digit. Among these dogs, the 1-year survival rates for tumors classified as malignant by histologic features were 31% [corrected] for lip, 46% for haired skin, and 43% for nail bed. However, the clinical outcome of an individual malignant tumor could not be predicted accurately by any specific histologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Schultheiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1619, USA.
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Gustafson NR, Severidt J, Van Metre DC, Schultheiss PC, Larue SM, Callan RJ. Radiation therapy for the treatment of urethral sarcoma in a cria. J Vet Intern Med 2005; 19:271-4. [PMID: 15822576 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19<271:rtftto>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Gustafson
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess heritability and mode of inheritance for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses. ANIMALS 1,295 horses with Quarter Horse bloodlines, including 58 horses affected with HERDA. PROCEDURE Horses were classified as affected or unaffected or as undetermined when data were insufficient to assess phenotype. Pedigree data were analyzed to determine the probable mode of inheritance. Heritability was estimated by use of Bayesian statistical methods. RESULTS Heritability (mean+/-SD) of HERDA was estimated to be 0.38+/-0.13, with both sexes having an equal probability of being affected. Results for evaluation of the pedigrees were consistent with a single Mendelian autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE HERDA in Quarter Horses is an inherited disease, and affected horses are more likely to produce affected offspring. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance should be considered by people making breeding decisions involving Quarter Horses when a first-degree relative has been confirmed with HERDA or has produced affected offspring. In addition, breeders whose horses have produced affected offspring can reduce the likelihood of producing affected horses in the future by avoiding inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Tryon
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Gustafson NR, Severidt J, Metre DC, Schultheiss PC, LaRue SM, Callan RJ. Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Urethral Sarcoma in a Cria. J Vet Intern Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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White SD, Affolter VK, Bannasch DL, Schultheiss PC, Hamar DW, Chapman PL, Naydan D, Spier SJ, Rosychuk RAW, Rees C, Veneklasen GO, Martin A, Bevier D, Jackson HA, Bettenay S, Matousek J, Campbell KL, Ihrke PJ. Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia ('hyperelastosis cutis') in 50 horses: clinical, histological, immunohistological and ultrastructural findings. Vet Dermatol 2004; 15:207-17. [PMID: 15305927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data on fifty horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA; "hyperelastosis cutis") were collected on clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistological findings. All horses were Quarter horses or of Quarter horse ancestry. Pedigree evaluation strongly supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The most common lesions were seromas/haematomas, open wounds, sloughing skin, and loose, easily tented skin that did not return to its initial position. Definitive diagnosis could not be made via histopathology, although the presence of tightly grouped thin and shortened collagen fibres arranged in clusters in the deep dermis was suggestive of the disease. Trichrome, acid orcein-Giemsa and immunohistochemical stains for collagens I and III showed no consistent abnormalities compared to control horses; an increase in elastic fibres was not a consistent finding. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities in the periodicity of the collagen bundles; neither orientation nor variation of cross-section diameter of the collagen fibrils differentiated control from affected horses. The diagnosis of HERDA relies on clinical presentation, but may be supported by suggestive (although not pathognomonic) histopathological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Westerlind KC, McCarty HL, Schultheiss PC, Story R, Reed AH, Baier ML, Strange R. Moderate exercise training slows mammary tumour growth in adolescent rats. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003; 12:281-7. [PMID: 12883380 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200308000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood may be critical windows in establishing risk for breast cancer development in humans. Epidemiological data suggest that exercise during this life stage is associated with decreased breast cancer risk yet few experimental studies to elucidate the mechanism have been performed. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of moderate exercise training on mammary tumour development in adolescent rats using the 1-methyl 1-nitrosourea (MNU) chemical carcinogen model. Exercise (EX) consisted of moderate-intensity treadmill running 30 min/day, 5 days a week. A total of 274 animals were used: 94 in study 1 and 180 in study 2. Animals were injected with MNU (50 and 25 mg/kg body weight in studies 1 and 2, respectively) at 21 days of age and began training at 28 days of age. Groups of animals (n=10-30 depending on the study and time point) were sacrificed every 2 weeks for 8 weeks to evaluate tumour development. No difference in median tumour-free survival time was observed in the EX versus sham-exercise (SHAM), nor were there any differences in multiplicity at either a high or moderate dose of MNU. Latency to first tumour palpated was increased in both studies by 3-4 days. Consistent across both studies, tumour weights were less and the growth rates of the tumours, defined as tumour weight divided by the number of days elapsed since the tumour was first palpated, were reduced in the EX group. The data suggest that latency is increased and tumour growth is retarded in response to moderate exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Westerlind
- Center for Cancer Causation and Prevention, AMC Cancer Research Center, 1600 Pierce St, Denver CO 80214, USA.
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Somers KL, Brown DE, Fulton R, Schultheiss PC, Hamar D, Smith MO, Allison R, Connally HE, Just C, Mitchell TW, Wenger DA, Thrall MA. Effects of dietary cholesterol restriction in a feline model of Niemann-Pick type C disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2001; 24:427-36. [PMID: 11596647 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010588112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A feline model of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) was employed to evaluate the effect of dietary cholesterol restriction on progression of disease. Two NPC-affected treated cats were fed a cholesterol-restricted diet beginning at 8 weeks of age; the cats remained on the diet for 150 and 270 days respectively. The study goal was to lower the amount of low density lipoprotein (LDL) available to cells, hypothetically reducing subsequent lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids. Neurological progression of disease was not altered and dietary cholesterol restriction did not significantly decrease storage in NPC-affected treated cats. One NPC-affected treated cat had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Liver lipid concentrations of unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol ester and phospholipids in NPC-affected treated cats were similar to those seen in NPC-affected untreated cats. Ganglioside concentrations in the NPC-affected treated cats and NPC-affected untreated cats were similar. Histological findings in liver sections from NPC-affected treated cats showed a diffuse uniform microvacuolar pattern within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, in contrast to a heterogeneous macro/microvacuolar pattern and prominent nodular fibrosis in NPC-affected untreated cats. Similar differences in vacuolar patterns were seen in splenic macrophages. Although some hepatic parameters were modified, dietary cholesterol restriction did not appear to alter disease progression in NPC-affected kittens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Somers
- Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Schultheiss PC, Collins JK, Spraker TR, DeMartini JC. Epizootic malignant catarrhal fever in three bison herds: differences from cattle and association with ovine herpesvirus-2. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000; 12:497-502. [PMID: 11108448 DOI: 10.1177/104063870001200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three bison herds in Colorado experienced high mortality from malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). In comparison with cattle, the bison had a more rapidly progressive disease, fewer clinical signs, and milder inflammatory histologic lesions. There was consistent association with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2). Contact with sheep was not consistent. Of 17 animals in herd A, 15 died of acute MCF; 1 was slaughtered while healthy; and 1 developed clinical signs of MCF, was treated with corticosteroids and antibiotics, and died of fungal abomasitis and rhinitis after 5 months. In herds B and C, approximately 300 of 900 and 18 of 20 died of MCF following brief clinical disease. The nearest sheep were 1 mile away from herd A, but direct contact with sheep could be documented in herds B and C. Complete gross and histologic examinations were conducted on 34 animals, including all animals in herd A, and MCF was diagnosed in 31. In addition, field necropsies were performed on all dead animals in herd B and most in herd C and MCF was diagnosed on the basis of the gross lesions in most animals. Clinical signs of each animal in herd A were recorded. Illness was brief, usually 8-48 hours. Clinical signs were subtle; separation from the herd was often observed. In all 3 herds, hemorrhagic cystitis and multifocal ulceration of the alimentary tract were consistently found at necropsy. Mild lymphocytic vasculitis was present in multiple organs. Ovine herpesvirus-2 was found by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 71 of 105 formalin-fixed tissue specimens from 29 of 31 animals with MCF. In herd A, blood samples from 13 animals were collected at 5 time points and tested by PCR for the presence of OHV-2 viral sequences in peripheral blood leukocytes. Nine bison with a positive PCR test and 4 with negative results prior to clinical illness died of MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523, USA
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Collins JK, Bruns C, Vermedahl TL, Schiebel AL, Jessen MT, Schultheiss PC, Anderson GM, Dinsmore RP, Callan RJ, DeMartini JC. Malignant catarrhal fever: polymerase chain reaction survey for ovine herpesvirus 2 and other persistent herpesvirus and retrovirus infections of dairy cattle and bison. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000; 12:406-11. [PMID: 11021426 DOI: 10.1177/104063870001200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for sequences of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV2), this virus was shown to be significantly associated with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) in terminal cases of disease in 34 cattle and 53 bison. Ovine herpesvirus 2 was not detected in cattle (38) and bison (10) that succumbed to other diseases. Other persistent herpesviruses, retroviruses, and pestivirus, some of which have been previously isolated from cases of SA-MCF, were not associated with the disease. These included bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4), bovine lymphotrophic herpesvirus (BLHV), bovine syncytial virus (BSV, also known as bovine spumavirus), bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). A PCR survey for OHV2 in DNA from individual cow's peripheral blood lymphocytes in 4 dairies showed that the 1 dairy that was in close contact to sheep had a prevalence of OHV2 of 21.3%, whereas the 3 other dairies had no OHV2. Prevalence of the other herpesviruses and retroviruses in the dairy cows was variable, ranging from 2% to 51% for BHV4, 52% to 78.7% for BLHV, and 10% to 34% for BSV. Bovine lymphotrophic herpesvirus and BSV were also found in a few (1-4 of 21 tested) cases of terminal SA-MCF, but BIV and BVDV were not found in either the dairy cows sampled, or in the cases of SA-MCE No significant correlation was found between the presence of any 2 viruses (OHV2, BHV4, BLHV, BSV) in the dairy cows or terminal cases of SA-MCE
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Collins
- Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII was diagnosed in a domestic shorthair cat from California. The cat was small and had multiple abnormalities, including a small body disproportionate to the size of the skull, angular deformities of the ribs, abnormally short forelimbs, luxating patellas, generalized epiphyseal dysplasia involving the vertebrae and long bones, cuboidal vertebrae, pectus excavatum, subluxation of both hips, osteosclerosis of the tentorium cerebelli and left petrous temporal bone, tracheal hypoplasia, and corneal clouding. Beta-glucuronidase activity was markedly decreased in peripheral blood leukocytes. The cat died at 21 months of age, and a complete necropsy was performed. Tissues were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Large clear, round vacuoles representing distended lysosomes were present in many epithelial and connective tissue cells, including fibrocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, astrocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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20
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Abstract
Formulations of a polymeric delivery system containing a 75/25 poly(DL-lactide-co-caprolactone dissolved in either N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide were injected both subcutaneously (SC) and intramuscularly (IM) into rhesus monkeys. Each monkey received an SC and IM injection of each of the two formulations, for a total injection volume of 4 mL. The monkeys were observed daily for overt signs of toxicity, and after 4 weeks biopsies of each implant site were fixed, stained, and evaluated histologically for tissue reaction to the polymer system. Tissue response was graded upon the presence and level of fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory cell infiltrate. The polymer formulations appeared to be safe, as the animals remained healthy and active throughout the study with no changes in food or water consumption, weight loss, or abnormal behavior observed. Tissue response to both formulations was considered mild and similar to that for other biodegradable polymers, in that the reaction was limited to tissue immediately adjacent to the residual polymer fragments and consisted of a mild fibroplasia with the presence of a few lymphocytes and macrophages. There were no differences between the two formulations in tissue response, and both formulations were considered acceptable for use as injectable implant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Royals
- Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Cascio KE, Belknap EB, Schultheiss PC, Ames AD, Collins JK. Encephalitis induced by bovine herpesvirus 5 and protection by prior vaccination or infection with bovine herpesvirus 1. J Vet Diagn Invest 1999; 11:134-9. [PMID: 10098684 DOI: 10.1177/104063879901100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calves were intranasally challenged with bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5) and followed for the development of viral infection, clinical encephalitis, histologic lesions in the brain, and viral sequences in the trigeminal ganglia. Calves that were previously vaccinated with bovine herepesvirus 1 (BHV1, n = 4) or previously infected with BHV1 (n = 5) or that had not been exposed to either virus (n = 4) were compared. No calf developed signs of encephalitis, although all calves developed an infection as indicated by nasal secretion of BHV5 and seroconversion to the virus. Histologic lesions of encephalitis consisting of multifocal gliosis and perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes were observed in calves not previously exposed to BHV1. BHV5 sequences were amplified from the trigeminal ganglia of calves previously vaccinated and from calves not previously exposed to BHV1; calves sequentially challenged with BHV1 and later BHV5 had exclusively BHV1 sequences in their trigeminal ganglia. Administration of dexamethasone 28 days after BHV5 challenge did not influence clinical disease or histologic lesions in either previously unexposed calves (n = 2) or previously immunized calves (n = 2), although it did cause recrudescence of BHV5, as detected by nasal virus secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Cascio
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Abstract
Acute malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in 10 bison from 6 herds and ranging from 1 to 6 years of age. The pattern of clinical signs and morphologic lesions differed among bison. Combinations of corneal opacity, lacrimation, nasal discharge, depression, excess salivation, anorexia, diarrhea, melena, and hematuria were observed. Vasculitis characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the adventia with variable extension into media and intima was found in multiple tissues in each animal. Fibrinoid vascular necrosis was rare. Ulceration in the alimentary tract was found in 9/10 bison, and ulceration or hemorrhage in the urinary bladder was found in 8/10 bison. Lymphoid infiltrates were present in 7 of 9 livers and 9 of 9 kidneys examined histologically. Hyperplasia of lymph nodes was observed in 5 bison. Chronic MCF was diagnosed in 1 bison with an 80-day course of illness that began with lacrimation, corneal opacity, mucoid nasal discharge, depression, and anorexia. These signs ceased after 15 days but circling and blindness developed on day 76. Chronic vascular lesions characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, intimal thickening, fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and adventitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in many organs. The retinal arteries had chronic inflammation and acute transmural fibrinoid necrosis. The retinas were infarcted. Polymerase chain reaction technique for amplification of ovine herpesvirus 2 sequences was performed on formalin-fixed tissues, and viral sequences were detected in 1-7 tissues from each animal. These viral sequences were not found in tissues of 4 bison not affected by MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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23
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Ashbaugh SE, Thompson KE, Belknap EB, Schultheiss PC, Chowdhury S, Collins JK. Specific detection of shedding and latency of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a nested polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest 1997; 9:387-94. [PMID: 9376428 DOI: 10.1177/104063879700900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive method for simultaneously detecting and discriminating between bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5 (BHV-1 and BHV-5) was developed using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Following amplification using type-common primers derived from gC sequences, amplification using type-specific nesting primers produced different-sized bands specific to the corresponding types, as demonstrated by blot hybridization. Less than 0.1 plaque-forming units (PFU) of each virus and 75 fg or less of viral DNA were routinely detected. The PCR technique amplified correct product from 4 BHV-5 isolates and from 48 BHV-1 isolates, all from the United States, and did not amplify heterologous herpesviruses. The PCR technique was more sensitive than virus isolation in detection of BHV-1 or BHV-5 in nasal secretions from experimentally and naturally infected calves, and it detected BHV-1 or BHV-5 in trigeminal ganglia from these calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ashbaugh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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24
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Hamar DW, Bedwell CL, Johnson JL, Schultheiss PC, Raisbeck M, Grotelueschen DM, Williams ES, O'Toole D, Paumer RJ, Vickers MG, Graham TJ. Iatrogenic copper toxicosis induced by administering copper oxide boluses to neonatal calves. J Vet Diagn Invest 1997; 9:441-3. [PMID: 9376442 DOI: 10.1177/104063879700900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D W Hamar
- Department of Pathology, Colorado Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523, USA
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25
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Schultheiss PC, Collins JK, Hotaling SF. Immunohistochemical demonstration of equine herpesvirus-1 antigen in neurons and astrocytes of horses with acute paralysis. Vet Pathol 1997; 34:52-4. [PMID: 9150548 DOI: 10.1177/030098589703400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection in a few widely scattered neurons and astrocytes plus endothelial cells in brain and spinal cord of two horses with naturally occurring paralytic disease was demonstrated by use of an immunoperoxidase technique. These horses were euthanatized less than 48 hours after the onset of clinical signs. No staining for EHV-1 was demonstrated in brain or spinal cord of three horses that had a longer duration of clinical disease or in two uninfected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA
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26
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Schultheiss PC, Traub-Dargatz JL, Knight AP, Applehans FM, Orton EC. Intestinal fibrosis and vascular remodeling in ten horses and two ponies. J Vet Diagn Invest 1995; 7:575-8. [PMID: 8580193 DOI: 10.1177/104063879500700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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27
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Schultheiss PC, Knight AP, Traub-Dargatz JL, Todd FG, Stermitz FR. Toxicity of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) to mice. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995; 37:452-4. [PMID: 8592835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of feeding high and low doses of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) to mice were investigated. Bindweed contains several alkaloids, including pseudotropine, and lesser amounts of tropine, tropinone, and meso-cuscohygrine. Mice fed bindweed exclusively died or were euthanized after 4-7 d and had severe hepatic necrosis and gastritis with ulceration or erosions. Mice fed low doses of bindweed along with standard laboratory mouse diet for 6 or 8 w had no clinical disease or gross lesions on necropsy examination but did have histologic lesions of mild multifocal hepatitis and gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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28
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Abstract
A monoclonal gammopathy composed of immunoglobulin G, with concurrent light-chain proteinuria and generalized lymph node plasmacytosis, was associated with chronic pyoderma in a dog. A uniform population of plasma cells was observed cytologically and histologically in multiple lymph node specimens. A diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance was eventually made by exclusion of other known causes of monoclonal gammopathy, resolution after antibiotic therapy, and no evidence of lymphoproliferative disease after 11 months of follow-up and subsequent necropsy. This report expands the diagnostic considerations for monoclonal gammopathies in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Burkhard
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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29
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Abstract
A type of bovine herpesvirus, BHV-1.3, causes encephalitis in calves, whereas BHV-1.1 causes respiratory disease. Three colostrum-deprived calves and two colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with BHV-1.3 by intranasal aerosolization. Two colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated with BHV-1.1 by intranasal aerosolization. BHV-1.3-inoculated calves demonstrated severe encephalitis with minimal respiratory lesions, and BHV-1.1-inoculated calves demonstrated severe respiratory lesions and no clinical signs of neurologic disease. Calves fed colostrum that contained virus neutralizing antibodies were protected against neurologic disease. Colostrum-fed BHV-1.3-inoculated calves did not develop disease although they did become infected; virus was shed in respiratory secretions for 10-13 days postinoculation, similar to infected colostrum-deprived calves. BHV-1.3 was reactivated from a latent state from one colostrum-fed calf after administration of dexamethasone 60 days postinoculation. Histopathologic examination of the three colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves revealed severe lesions of encephalitis. One of the two BHV-1.1-inoculated calves had one focal lesion of encephalitis. Virus was isolated from brain tissue of colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves and from one BHV-1.1-inoculated calf. Immunohistochemical staining for BHV-1 antigen was observed in neurons from the colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Belknap
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
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30
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Schultheiss PC, Dolginow SZ. Granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium in a ferret. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204:1217-8. [PMID: 8014091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium was diagnosed in a pet ferret evaluated for anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Delayed gastric emptying was identified during barium sulfate contrast radiography. A constriction in the duodenum, which was an area of granulomatous inflammation on histologic examination, was surgically removed. After removal of this lesion, the ferret did well for 8 months, but clinical signs returned. At a second surgery, a nodule was removed from the pylorus. The ferret died 2 weeks later. At necropsy, granulomatous inflammation, with acid-fast organisms, was found in the pylorus, small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Mycobacterium avium was isolated from specimens of liver and spleen. Ferrets can develop clinical disease caused by M avium, and infected ferrets may pose public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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31
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Schultheiss PC, Collins JK, Carman J. Use of an immunoperoxidase technique to detect equine herpesvirus-1 antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded equine fetal tissues. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993; 5:12-5. [PMID: 8385497 DOI: 10.1177/104063879300500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) procedure using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex detection technique was developed to detect viral equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from aborted equine fetuses. The procedure was applied to liver, lung, and other tissues from 20 cases of confirmed or suspected EHV-1-induced abortions. Specific staining was observed in tissue sections from EHV-1-infected fetuses. Positive IP staining was present in tissues of 7 cases that were also positive by fluorescent antibody (FA) and virus isolation (VI) and that had typical histologic lesions. There was no IP staining in 7 cases that had no histologic lesions and negative FA and VI results. Five cases had typical histologic lesions and positive results in only 1 laboratory test; 3 were positive by VI and 2 by FA. Liver of 1 case was positive by IP, but tissues were too autolytic for other tests to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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32
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Traub-Dargatz JL, Schultheiss PC, Kiper ML, Stashak TS, Wrigley R, Schlipf J, Applehans FM. Intestinal fibrosis with partial obstruction in five horses and two ponies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:603-7. [PMID: 1517138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the small intestine led to recurrent colic and weight loss in 2 ponies and 5 horses. There was a reduction in the length of the small intestine to one-half normal in horses 4 to 7. Histologic examination revealed substantial small intestinal submucosal fibrosis and arteriole sclerosis. The cause was not determined, but an environmental factor was suspected because 3 horses were from the same farm and the other animals were from within a 10-mile radius of the farm. The submucosal fibrosis appeared to be secondary to sclerosis of arterioles in the submucosa and mesentery, with low blood flow state or altered vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Traub-Dargatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Schultheiss
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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34
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Schultheiss PC. Visna-like disease in a Minnesota sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:811. [PMID: 2987168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Visna-like disease was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Mouflon ram from a Minnesota flock. The diagnosis was based on the unique distribution pattern of histologic lesions in the brain. Although visna is rarely diagnosed in the United States, this case illustrates that it should not be overlooked in differential diagnosis of neurologic disorders in sheep.
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