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Lee JH, Ha DH, Go HK, Youn J, Kim HK, Jin RC, Miller RB, Kim DH, Cho BS, Yi YW. Reproducible Large-Scale Isolation of Exosomes from Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Application in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4774. [PMID: 32635660 PMCID: PMC7370182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal medical episode caused by sudden kidney damage or failure, leading to the death of patients within a few hours or days. Previous studies demonstrated that exosomes derived from various mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC-exosomes) have positive effects on renal injuries in multiple experimental animal models of kidney diseases including AKI. However, the mass production of exosomes is a challenge not only in preclinical studies with large animals but also for successful clinical applications. In this respect, tangential flow filtration (TFF) is suitable for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant large-scale production of high-quality exosomes. Until now, no studies have been reported on the use of TFF, but rather ultracentrifugation has been almost exclusively used, to isolate exosomes for AKI therapeutic application in preclinical studies. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible large-scale production of exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC-exosomes) using TFF and the lifesaving effect of the ASC-exosomes in a lethal model of cisplatin-induced rat AKI. Our results suggest the possibility of large-scale stable production of ASC-exosomes without loss of function and their successful application in life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | - Jinkwon Youn
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
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Trivisonno A, Alexander RW, Baldari S, Cohen SR, Di Rocco G, Gentile P, Magalon G, Magalon J, Miller RB, Womack H, Toietta G. Intraoperative Strategies for Minimal Manipulation of Autologous Adipose Tissue for Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapies: Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1265-1271. [PMID: 31599497 PMCID: PMC6877766 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous population of stem/stromal cells isolated from perivascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipose tissue complex (ATC). Administration of SVF holds a strong therapeutic potential for regenerative and wound healing medicine applications aimed at functional restoration of tissues damaged by injuries or chronic diseases. SVF is commonly divided into cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF) and tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF). Cellular SVF is obtained from ATC by collagenase digestion, incubation/isolation, and pelletized by centrifugation. Enzymatic disaggregation may alter the relevant biological characteristics of adipose tissue, while providing release of complex, multiattachment of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix, effectively eliminating the bioactive ECM and periadventitial attachments. In many countries, the isolation of cellular elements is considered as a "more than minimal" manipulation, and is most often limited to controlled clinical trials and subject to regulatory review. Several alternative, nonenzymatic methods of adipose tissue processing have been developed to obtain via minimal mechanical manipulation an autologous tSVF product intended for delivery, reducing the procedure duration, lowering production costs, decreasing regulatory burden, and shortening the translation into the clinical setting. Ideally, these procedures might allow for the integration of harvesting and processing of adipose tissue for ease of injection, in a single procedure utilizing a nonexpanded cellular product at the point of care, while permitting intraoperative autologous cellular and tissue-based therapies. Here, we review and discuss the options, advantages, and limitations of the major strategies alternative to enzymatic processing currently developed for minimal manipulation of adipose tissue. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1265&1271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Trivisonno
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Robert W Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Steven R Cohen
- FACES+ Plastic Surgery, Skin and Laser Center and the University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Giuliana Di Rocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Guy Magalon
- Plastic Surgery Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Vascular Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1076, Marseille, France.,Cell Therapy Laboratory, CBT-1409, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hayley Womack
- FACES+ Plastic Surgery, Skin and Laser Center and the University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Ruhnke HL, Palmer NC, Doig PA, Miller RB. Bovine abortion and neonatal death associated with Ureaplasma diversum. Theriogenology 2012; 21:295-301. [PMID: 16725880 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(84)90415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1983] [Accepted: 12/20/1983] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum was isolated from the lungs and/or stomach fluid and placentas of five aborted bovine fetuses and four newborn calves. All isolates were serotype D48. Placentitis was observed in all instances in which the placenta was examined. Gross lesions consisted of focal or diffuse reddening of the chorioallantois and amnion and thickening of the amnion. Microscopically there were fibrosis, edema and inflammation of the amnion. Microscopic lesions in the lung consisted of diffuse pneumonitis with thickening of the alveolar walls and in some cases peribronchiolar lymphoid accumulations. Macrophages and granulocytes were present in the alveoli. Inoculation of the vulva of a virgin heifer with one of the isolates from a fetal lung produced hyperemia and profuse purulent discharge with slight granularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Ruhnke
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Veterinary Laboratory Services Box 3612, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada
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Etherington WG, Martin SW, Bonnett B, Johnson WH, Miller RB, Savage NC, Walton JS, Montgomery ME. Reproductive performance of dairy cows following treatment with cloprostenol 26 and/or 40 days postpartum: a field trial. Theriogenology 2009; 29:565-75. [PMID: 16726380 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(88)80005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/1987] [Accepted: 01/05/1988] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and seventy Holstein Friesian cows were randomly assigned to receive either 500 ug cloprostenol or saline placebo on Day 26 postpartum followed by 500 ug cloprostenol or saline on Day 40 postpartum. Four treatment groups were formed: Group 1-saline (Day 26)/saline (Day 40); Group 2-cloprostenol/(Day 26) saline (Day 40); Group 3-saline (Day 26)/cloprostenol (Day 40); Group 4-cloprostenol (Day 26)/cloprostenol (Day 40). Double blind techniques were used in administering treatments and in assessing the response to treatment. Palpation of the reproductive tract per tectum and uterine biopsies were performed on 92 cows prior to each treatment at Day 26 and Day 40 postpartum. Progesterone concentrations were determined on milk samples collected prior to treatment. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to services per conception, number of heats detected before first service and culling for infertility. Cloprostenol treatment at Day 26 appeared to delay the first estrus, but it reduced the number of days to conception after the first service. Cows receiving cloprostenol at Days 26 and/or 40 had a decreased calving-to-conception interval compared to controls (P=0.01). Sequential therapy with two doses of cloprostenol resulted in slightly better reproductive performance than either treatment on Day 26 or 40 alone. Treatment with cloprostenol resulted in a decrease in the subsequent incidence of pyometra (P<0.05). It is concluded that in the herd studied, cloprostenol therapy at Day 26 and/or 40 postpartum was beneficial to reproductive performance. Although it was anticipated that cloprostenol would be more effective in cows with elevated progesterone levels, the opposite was observed at the Day 26 cloprostenol treatment. Uterine biopsy at Days 26 and/or 40 had a detrimental effect on subsequent reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Etherington
- Department of Population Medicine, O.V.C., University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Miller RB, Ruhnke HL, Doig PA, Poitras BJ, Palmer NC. The effects of Ureplasma diversum inoculated into the amniotic cavity in cows. Theriogenology 2009; 20:367-74. [PMID: 16725853 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(83)90071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1983] [Accepted: 07/14/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum was inoculated into the amniotic cavity in four cows. Two calves were aborted and two were born alive. One of the latter died shortly after birth and the other was killed. The cows remained clinically normal except that three retained their placenta. On microscopic examination there was a severe placentitis and an alveolitis was present in the lungs of all calves. Ureaplasma was recovered from four placentas and three lungs. Cows remained infected for a maximum of 132 days following inoculation and the organism was recovered in urine and vulvar swabs for a maximum of 17 and 60 days respectively following expulsion of the calf. Ureaplasma diversum has been isolated from natural cases of abortion with similar lesions. This experiment strongly supports a causal relationship between abortion, birth of calves with pneumonia and U. diversum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is frequently advocated for autogenous breast reconstruction following mastectomy. The success rate and complications associated with free TRAM flap breast reconstruction are well documented. Risk factors such as cigarette smoking and obesity have been studied. Because of abnormalities in endothelial and red cell function, platelet function, altered blood viscosity, and abnormal intimal repair, diabetes mellitus is generally considered to be a risk factor for free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. The success rate of microvascular TRAM flap breast reconstruction in patients with diabetes mellitus has not been clearly defined. METHODS A retrospective review of 893 free TRAM flaps used for breast reconstruction in 763 patients at a single institution was performed. All flaps were performed at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center after January 1, 1985, and before December 31, 1997. Patients were classified as insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic, non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic, and nondiabetic. Flap and donor-site complications were compared among the three groups. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to examine demographic characteristics, body mass index, comorbid conditions, preoperative radiation therapy, immediate versus delayed reconstruction, and smoking history in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nondiabetic patients. RESULTS The incidence of flap complications did not differ significantly between type 1 diabetics, type 2 diabetics, and nondiabetic patients. The incidence of donor-site complications did not differ significantly between type 1 diabetics, type 2 diabetics, and nondiabetic patients. CONCLUSION The present data indicate that type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are not relative or absolute contraindications to microvascular TRAM flap breast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy B Miller
- Houston, Texas; and Irvine, Calif. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
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Abstract
Immediate loading of dental implants in completely edentulous patients is receiving great attention. Standard surgical protocol is used with primary stabilization of the implants as a goal. The restorative dentist must coordinate with the surgeon and the laboratory technician to make immediate loading a reality for the completely edentulous patient. This article describes a technique developed to fabricate an immediately loaded fixed-detachable prosthesis using laser welding technology. Advantages, which are applicable to various implant systems and patients, are discussed.
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Shaner DM, Orr RD, Drought T, Miller RB, Siegel M. Really, most SINCERELY dead: Policy and procedure in the diagnosis of death by neurologic criteria. Neurology 2004; 62:1683-6. [PMID: 15159462 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000125281.49635.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D M Shaner
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, West Los Angeles, USA
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Miller RB. Love and death in a pediatric intensive care unit. Annu Soc Christ Ethics 2003:21-39. [PMID: 12568074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Abstract
Psychology and the other mental health professions are bitterly divided between the proponents of scientific vs. clinical-based knowledge. Though these two groups agree on little related to assessment, treatment or outcome evaluation, they share a belief in the moral neutrality of the knowledge they do possess. It is argued here that this moral neutrality is a myth, and that it is exactly the unacknowledged and incompatible moral positions inherent in clinical and research practices that are at the center of this controversy. The nature of moral problems, the fundamental moral value positions prevalent in our culture, and the specific moral values associated with each side of this schism are explored. While these moral differences may not all be resolved by being recognized and discussed, the process of dialogue can not but help us bridge the current chasm. To this end it is recommended that psychologists and other mental health professionals adopt a "truth-in-moral-packaging" rule that requires both clinicians and scientific researchers to define openly and clearly the moral objectives that infuse their work.
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Abstract
This study examined the experiences of 26 marriage and family therapists working in managed mental health care. A qualitative strategy was used to explore therapists' perspectives regarding practice in a managed care environment. Using an open-ended, semi-structured, mailed questionnaire four themes emerged from the data. These are the adaptations of clinical practice, issues of treatment duration/abandonment, effects of managed care on the therapeutic relationship, and issues of diagnosis. Recommendations are drawn from the findings and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Christensen
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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12
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Miller RB. Philosophical underpinnings of and practical considerations in the withdrawal of patients from chronic dialysis. Nephrol News Issues 2001; 15:18-22. [PMID: 12099226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, USA
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13
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Yuste R, Miller RB, Holthoff K, Zhang S, Miesenböck G. Synapto-pHluorins: chimeras between pH-sensitive mutants of green fluorescent protein and synaptic vesicle membrane proteins as reporters of neurotransmitter release. Methods Enzymol 2001; 327:522-46. [PMID: 11045007 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)27300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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14
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Abstract
This article describes a laboratory procedure for the visual evaluation of interarch space and its effect on implant prosthesis design. The method is applicable to patients presenting with completely edentulous arches. Silicone impression material is used to form a resilient cast and an external mold from an existing denture. The denture is duplicated using autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The duplicate denture and resilient cast are mounted on an articulator. Spatial relationships of anatomic landmarks can be evaluated, and a quantitative evaluation of available space can be made. The duplicate denture can also be used as a surgical template to direct implant placement. Reference tables are provided to serve as guidelines in the correlation between available space and minimum space required for various implant-assisted restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F AbuJamra
- Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Vagal paraganglioma is a rare tumor of neural crest origin. Although the literature is in agreement with regard to epidemiology, diagnosis, and tumor biology, there is some controversy over treatment modalities for these patients. We performed a nonrandomized retrospective study in a large single-institution series of patients (n = 19) in whom vagal paraganglioma was diagnosed. General statistics included age, male/female ratio, tumor size, and duration of follow-up. Other variables such as signs and symptoms at presentation, family history, multicentricity, metastatic disease, and secretion of catecholamines were included. CT scan, MRI, and angiography were used in combination for diagnostic purposes as well as for treatment planning. Preoperative embolization was performed in 5 of the more recently treated patients. Current issues regarding the use of preoperative embolization and choice of surgical approach were analyzed. In this article the possibility and sequela of vagus nerve-sparing procedures will be presented. Operative complications and postoperative morbidity related to cranial neuropathies will be discussed. The rationale for performing adjunct procedures, including cricopharyngeal myotomy and vocal fold medialization, to facilitate the rehabilitation of patients with postoperative cranial nerve deficits will be given. Our findings and recommendations will be compared with currently accepted treatment protocols in conjunction with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Abstract
A variety of sensory stimuli (e.g., visual, auditory, and thermal) are known to induce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in mammals. Studies have examined the induction of REM sleep in albino rats by light-to-dark transitions, a phenomenon referred to as REM sleep triggering. Recent research has demonstrated that aspiration lesions of the superior colliculus (SC) and pretectal area attenuated REM sleep triggering. To define more specifically the area or areas involved in mediating REM sleep responses to changes in illumination, fiber-sparing neurotoxic lesions were made to the pretectum (PT) or the SC. Lesions of the PT attenuated REM sleep triggering, whereas lesions of the SC did not. Thus, the role of the PT may be expanded to include the regulation of REM sleep in response to photic stimulation in albino rats. These findings provide a paradigm in which to study mechanisms of REM sleep generation and the effects of light on behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Miller
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719, USA
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17
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Abstract
A variety of sensory stimuli (e.g., visual, auditory, and thermal) are known to induce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in mammals. Studies have examined the induction of REM sleep in albino rats by light-to-dark transitions, a phenomenon referred to as REM sleep triggering. Recent research has demonstrated that aspiration lesions of the superior colliculus (SC) and pretectal area attenuated REM sleep triggering. To define more specifically the area or areas involved in mediating REM sleep responses to changes in illumination, fiber-sparing neurotoxic lesions were made to the pretectum (PT) or the SC. Lesions of the PT attenuated REM sleep triggering, whereas lesions of the SC did not. Thus, the role of the PT may be expanded to include the regulation of REM sleep in response to photic stimulation in albino rats. These findings provide a paradigm in which to study mechanisms of REM sleep generation and the effects of light on behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Miller
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719, USA
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Radecki S, Shapiro J, Thrupp LD, Gandhi SM, Sangha SS, Miller RB. Willingness to treat HIV-positive patients at different stages of medical education and experience. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1999; 13:403-14. [PMID: 10870594 DOI: 10.1089/apc.1999.13.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The willingness of physicians to provide care to HIV-positive patients has been linked to a number of attitudinal factors, but little is known concerning the impact of premedical, medical, and residency training on these factors. The purpose of this study is to elicit responses to the same series of questions concerning HIV and its treatment from respondents at different stages of training, to detect trends in attitudes and to measure the impact of those attitudes on willingness to provide care for HIV/AIDS patients. Study data come from a cross-sectional survey (n = 249) of respondents across the training continuum, from premedical students to faculty physicians, using a self-administered questionnaire at a single medical school. The response rate was 59.6%. The study showed significant decreases in personal fear and misgivings concerning HIV, coupled with a substantial decrease in the perceived need for testing of non-high-risk individuals, as respondents gained additional education and training. Overall, the intent to treat HIV did not change significantly by training level, but multivariate analyses showed that while the initially strong influence of attitudes toward AIDS and its attendant risks diminishes, comfort relative to being around homosexuals per se continues to exert an impact on the intent to treat. Appropriate use of protective measures when providing care becomes far more common once individuals enter their clinical training years. The impact of medical education through its entire continuum therefore shows a positive impact on attitudes toward HIV, despite the absence of a significant trend in respondents' stated intent to treat. However, negative attitudes toward homosexuals continue to exert a negative influence on intent to treat that endures into the clinical training years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radecki
- Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
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19
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Saqueton CB, Miller RB, Porter VA, Milla CE, Cornfield DN. NO causes perinatal pulmonary vasodilation through K+-channel activation and intracellular Ca2+ release. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:L925-32. [PMID: 10362716 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.6.l925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) causes perinatal pulmonary vasodilation through K+-channel activation. We hypothesized that this effect worked through cGMP-dependent kinase-mediated activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channel that requires release of intracellular Ca2+ from a ryanodine-sensitive store. We studied the effects of 1) K+-channel blockade with tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-dependent K+-channel blocker, or glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+-channel blocker; 2) cyclic nucleotide-sensitive kinase blockade with either KT-5823, a guanylate-sensitive kinase blocker, or H-89, an adenylate-sensitive kinase blocker; and 3) blockade of intracellular Ca2+ release with ryanodine on NO-induced pulmonary vasodilation in acutely prepared late-gestation fetal lambs. N-nitro-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of endothelium-derived NO synthase, was infused into the left pulmonary artery, and tracheotomy was placed. The animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen for 20 min, followed by ventilation with 100% oxygen and inhaled NO at 20 parts/million (ppm) for 20 min. This represents the control period. In separate protocols, the animals received an intrapulmonary infusion of the different blockers and were ventilated as above. Tetraethylammonium (n = 6 animals) and KT-5823 (n = 4 animals) attenuated the response, whereas ryanodine (n = 5 animals) blocked NO-induced perinatal pulmonary vasodilation. 4-Aminopyridine (n = 5 animals), glibenclamide (n = 5 animals), and H-89 (n = 4 animals) did not affect NO-induced pulmonary vasodilation. We conclude that NO causes perinatal pulmonary vasodilation through cGMP-dependent kinase-mediated activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels and release of Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Saqueton
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Program in Medical Ethics, University of California, Irvine, USA
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21
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Nicholson KL, Munson M, Miller RB, Filip TJ, Fairman R, Hughson FM. Regulation of SNARE complex assembly by an N-terminal domain of the t-SNARE Sso1p. Nat Struct Biol 1998; 5:793-802. [PMID: 9731774 DOI: 10.1038/1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of intracellular transport vesicles with their target membranes requires the assembly of SNARE proteins anchored in the apposed membranes. Here we use recombinant cytoplasmic domains of the yeast SNAREs involved in Golgi to plasma membrane trafficking to examine this assembly process in vitro. Binary complexes form between the target membrane SNAREs Sso1p and Sec9p; these binary complexes can subsequently bind to the vesicle SNARE Snc2p to form ternary complexes. Binary and ternary complex assembly are accompanied by large increases in alpha-helical structure, indicating that folding and complex formation are linked. Surprisingly, we find that binary complex formation is extremely slow, with a second-order rate constant of approximately 3 M(-1) s(-1). An N-terminal regulatory domain of Sso1p accounts for slow assembly, since in its absence complexes assemble 2,000-fold more rapidly. Once binary complexes form, ternary complex formation is rapid and is not affected by the presence of the regulatory domain. Our results imply that proteins that accelerate SNARE assembly in vivo act by relieving inhibition by this regulatory domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Abstract
Open-ended interviews with 24 couples therapy clients regarding their experience of the process of change revealed shifts in clusters of affect, communication, and cognition. Six additional contextual preconditions for change were also identified. The change process within couples was uniformly reported to be gradual.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Christensen
- School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Qi XS, Miller RB, Namiki Y, Zhang J, Jacobus R. Effect of water content in perchloric acid on the non-aqueous potentiometric titration of nitrogen-containing compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 16:413-8. [PMID: 9589398 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 0.1 N perchloric acid in acetic acid volumetric solution (hereafter HClO4 VS) used for non-aqueous titration has specified a water content between 0.02 and 0.05%. Preparing this titrant with such a narrow range of water content is very time consuming, precludes the use of commercially available titrants, and, consequently, prompted an investigation to try and expand the range up to 0.5%. In this study, the titrimetric results obtained using HClO4 VS containing more water were very close to those obtained using the USP specified titrants. A maximum assay difference of 0.7% in the titrations of three selected nitrogen-containing compounds, clonidine hydrochloride, dipyridamole, and adenosine were observed. The titrimetric results obtained using these titrants were also precise with RSDs of not more than 0.4%. Therefore, a wider range of water content in HClO4 VS between 0.02 and 0.5% is suggested for the USP potentiometric titration of nitrogen-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Qi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Fujisawa USA, Inc., Melrose Park, IL 60160, USA
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Miller RB, Lowry LD, Atkins JP, Keane WM. Vagal Paraganglioma: Evaluation and Treatment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59989780422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Miller RB, Burke BA, Schmidt WJ, Gillingham KJ, Matas AJ, Mauer M, Kashtan CE. Recurrence of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in renal transplants: a single-centre report. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:1425-30. [PMID: 9249780 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.7.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of recurrence of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) in renal allografts appears to vary by centre, with the highest rates reported from the University of Minnesota. It is possible that the high rate of HUS recurrence at this institution reflects a transplant population skewed towards patients with a form of HUS that is more likely to recur in the allograft. METHODS This study examined whether the initial episode of HUS in the native kidneys was preceded by a diarrhoeal prodrome ('classical HUS') or not ('atypical HUS'), and evaluated transplant outcomes in 24 patients who received 36 transplants at the University of Minnesota between 31 May 1972 and 31 December 1994. RESULTS Eighteen of the 24 patients had atypical HUS, three had classical HUS, and in three patients the presence or absence of a diarrhoeal prodrome could not be determined. Recurrent HUS, defined as microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, and allograft biopsy findings compatible with HUS, occurred 16 times in 14 grafts in 11 patients. Nine of these patients had atypical HUS, one had classical HUS, and in one the nature of the prodrome could not be determined. Eleven of the 14 initial recurrences took place within 2 months of transplant. Recurrence was not more frequent in patients who received cyclosporin or antilymphocyte preparations. Actuarial analysis using matched controls showed poorer graft survival in patients with a primary diagnosis of HUS (P = 0.007), due to the high frequency of graft loss in HUS patients with recurrence. CONCLUSION Based upon these data and a review of the literature, it can be concluded that the risk of recurrence of HUS in the allograft is confined almost entirely to patients with atypical forms of HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Holloway JA, Miller RB. The effect of core translucency on the aesthetics of all-ceramic restorations. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1997; 9:567-74; quiz 576. [PMID: 9550082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in ceramic technology have revolutionized aesthetic dentistry. When treating a single anterior tooth in need of a full-coverage restoration, a multitude of options in restorative materials and techniques is available to the clinician. The learning objective of this article is to present and evaluate a selection of all-ceramic dental materials currently available for aesthetic full-coverage crown restorations. When selecting an all-ceramic system, there are several major factors to consider, including the inherent translucency of the ceramic material and of the adjacent dentition, the color of the prepared tooth, and the forces anticipated in that region. Preparation and restoration of discolored and nondiscolored tooth structure are reviewed. The techniques presented can be utilized to obtain predictable results in the anterior region for aesthetic all-ceramic full-coverage restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Holloway
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, Prosthodontics and Endodontics, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus 43210, USA
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Miller RB, Greene BA, Montalvo GP, Ravindran B, Nichols JD. Engagement in Academic Work: The Role of Learning Goals, Future Consequences, Pleasing Others, and Perceived Ability. Contemp Educ Psychol 1996; 21:388-422. [PMID: 8979871 DOI: 10.1006/ceps.1996.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in academic work was viewed from a multiple goals perspective. Two studies were conducted in which high school math students completed an instrument measuring five goals students might have for doing academic work (learning goals, performance goals, obtaining future consequences, pleasing the teacher, and pleasing the family), perceived math ability, self-regulatory activities, strategies (deep or shallow) used when studying for math, and the amount of effort and persistence expended on the class. Factor analysis indicated that the five goals scales and the perceived ability scale represented unique factors. The correlations among the variables revealed theoretically consistent interrelationships. Multiple regression analyses indicated that various goals (e.g., learning goals, obtaining future consequences, and pleasing the teacher), perceived ability, and some interactions accounted for significant amounts of variance in the task engagement measures (self-regulation, strategy use, effort, and persistence) and achievement. Results are discussed in relation to current theory and their practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- RB Miller
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Oklahoma
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Miller RB. Issues in ethics. Nephrol News Issues 1996; 10:43-44. [PMID: 9004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Program in Medical Ethics, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are considered at increased risk from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We examined the incidence and outcome of RSV infection in pediatric renal transplant (Tx) recipients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. Of 173 recipients transplanted between November 1985 and April 1993, 5 (3%) developed RSV infection (age range 11-39 months). Initial immunosuppression included prednisone, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and polyclonal antibody therapy. Time from Tx to onset of RSV infection was 1 day to 7 months. Symptoms included rhinorrhea, cough, tachypnea, retractions, fever, wheezing, and abnormal chest X-ray. Treatment included bronchodilator therapy, bronchial drainage, ribavirin, and mist tent. Azathioprine was transiently withheld for leukopenia during treatment in 2 recipients. Three recipients developed biopsy-proven acute rejection during (n = 2) or immediately following (n = 1) RSV infection; all responded to corticosteroid treatment. RSV infection is not commonly diagnosed in pediatric renal Tx recipients. The course of RSV infection in our patients did not differ from that reported in normal children. The possible association between RSV and acute rejection warrants further observation. When diagnosed early, RSV infection does not appear to be associated with increased mortality in pediatric renal Tx recipients. Larger numbers of recipients need to be studied to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Abstract
Three patients with lung or heart/lung transplants developed nephrotic-range proteinuria 2 to 5 years posttransplantation. Kidney biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two patients and probable focal sclerosis in the third. A retrospective review of postmortem kidney specimens from 18 lung transplant recipients who died did not indicate additional cases of glomerular disease. The three patients with glomerular disease after lung transplantation had very few clinical similarities other than nephrotic-range proteinuria and lung transplantation. Their underlying lung diseases were different, and their posttransplantation courses were very different in terms of pulmonary function, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, and other complications. We did not find in the literature previous reports of de novo focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or other glomerular lesions after lung transplantation. We suspect that additional cases will be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Paller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Miller RB, Broker BJ, Schuricht AL, Keane WM. 92 Laparoscopic-Endoscopic Gastrostomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Campagnolo ER, Trock SC, Hungerford LL, Shumaker TJ, Teclaw R, Miller RB, Nelson HA, Ross F, Reynolds DJ. Outbreak of vesicular dermatitis among horses at a midwestern horse show. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207:211-3. [PMID: 7601718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the development of vesicular lesions. Horses that became ill were 43 times more likely to have been bedded on wood shavings obtained from the show grounds than were horses that did not become ill. Among horses bedded on shavings from the show grounds, the risk was further increased by a factor of 5 if the shavings had been wetted. Neither organic nor heavy metal toxicants were identified in the samples of the wood shavings. However, samples did contain plant tissues originating from a tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, some species of which are known to cause vesicular eruptions in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Campagnolo
- USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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Miller RB. Treating the disruptive patient. Nephrol News Issues 1995; 9:39-40. [PMID: 7666933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Poon R, Chu I, Bjarnason S, Vincent R, Potvin M, Miller RB, Valli VE. Short-term inhalation toxicity of methanol, gasoline, and methanol/gasoline in the rat. Toxicol Ind Health 1995; 11:343-61. [PMID: 7482574 DOI: 10.1177/074823379501100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Four- to five-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to vapors of methanol (2500 ppm), gasoline (3200 ppm), and methanol/gasoline (2500/3200 ppm, 570/3200 ppm) six hours per day, five days per week for four weeks. Control animals were exposed to filtered room air only. Depression in body weight gain and reduced food consumption were observed in male rats, and increased relative liver weight was detected in rats of both sexes exposed to gasoline or methanol/gasoline mixtures. Rats of both sexes exposed to methanol/gasoline mixtures had increased relative kidney weight and females exposed to gasoline and methanol/gasoline mixtures had increased kidney weight. Decreased serum glucose and cholesterol were detected in male rats exposed to gasoline and methanol/gasoline mixtures. Decreased hemoglobin was observed in females inhaling vapors of gasoline and methanol/gasoline at 570/3200 ppm. Urine from rats inhaling gasoline or methanol/gasoline mixtures had up to a fourfold increase in hippuric acid, a biomarker of exposure to the toluene constituent of gasoline, and up to a sixfold elevation in ascorbic acid, a noninvasive biomarker of hepatic response. Hepatic mixed-function oxidase (aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) activities and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity were elevated in rats exposed to gasoline and methanol/gasoline mixtures. Histopathological changes were confined to very mild changes in the nasal passages and in the uterus, where decreased incidence or absence of mucosal and myometrial eosinophilia was observed in females inhaling gasoline and methanol/gasoline at 570/3200 ppm. It was concluded that gasoline was largely responsible for the adverse effects, the most significant of which included depression in weight gain in the males, increased liver weight and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in both sexes, and suppression of uterine eosinophilia. No apparent interactive effects between methanol and gasoline were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poon
- Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Ottawa, Canada
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Peter DA, Fales WH, Miller RB, Youngquist RS, Randle RF, Ganjam IK, Lybyer JL. Tritrichomonas foetus infection in a herd of Missouri cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 1995; 7:278-80. [PMID: 7619919 DOI: 10.1177/104063879500700224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Peter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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Chelmonska-Soyta A, Miller RB, Ruhnke L, Rosendal S. Activation of murine macrophages and lymphocytes by Ureaplasma diversum. Can J Vet Res 1994; 58:275-80. [PMID: 7889459 PMCID: PMC1263712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen in the bovine reproductive tract. The objective of the research was to study interactions with macrophages and lymphocytes which might elucidate aspects of pathogenetic mechanisms of this organism. We studied the activation of murine macrophages of C3H/HeN (LPS-responder) and C3H/HeJ (LPS-low-responder) genotype for TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and nitric oxide production and blastogenic response of C3H/HeJ splenocytes after Ureaplasma diversum stimulation. Live and heat-killed U. diversum induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 in peritoneal macrophage cultures of both C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice in a dose dependent manner. Interferon-gamma modulated the cytokine production, by increasing the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and nitric oxide, but IL-1 secretion was only enhanced in C3H/HeJ macrophages stimulated by live ureaplasmas. Supernatant of U. diversum sonicate was mitogenic for murine spleen lymphocytes. The blastogenic response was dose dependent, and stimulation with both U. diversum and Concanavalin A seemed to have an additive effect. These results suggest that U. diversum, similar to other mycoplasmas, activates murine macrophages and lymphoid cells. The studies should be repeated with bovine cells in order to elucidate pathogenetic aspects of inflammation in cattle caused by U. diversum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chelmonska-Soyta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of Guelph, Ontario
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Olson LD, Miller RB, Schlink GT. Treatment of group E streptococci-induced lymphadenitis in swine by feeding various concentrations of chlortetracycline: relation of antibody with prevalence of abscesses. Am J Vet Res 1994; 55:650-3. [PMID: 8067612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of chlortetracycline (CTC) at concentration of 220 mg/kg of feed for 4 weeks in experiment 1 and at concentrations of 110 and 220 mg/kg for 3 weeks and 440 mg/kg for 2 weeks in experiment 2 failed to eliminate streptococci-induced lymphadenitis from swine referred to as principals. Abscesses, mostly in the head and neck, developed in at least a third of all swine in the various groups fed these CTC concentrations. Feeding of 220 mg of CTC/kg of feed in experiment 1 began 12 weeks after exposure of principals to an untypeable group E streptococci (GES; isolate 3X29A). In experiment 2, feeding of 110 and 220 mg of CTC/kg of feed began 5 weeks after exposure of principals to GES and feeding of 440 mg of CTC/kg of feed began 6 weeks after exposure. One or more cohabitating sentinel swine of experiment 1 and one or more sentinels in all groups of principals of experiment 2, except group 2, developed abscesses that were mostly in the head and neck. In experiment 2, correlation between serum GES antibody titer and development of one or more abscesses in the principals was highly significant (P < 0.01); however, correlation between antibody titer and abscesses in the sentinels only approached significance (P < 0.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Olson
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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Poon R, Chu I, Bjarnason S, Potvin M, Vincent R, Miller RB, Valli VE. Inhalation toxicity study of methanol, toluene, and methanol/toluene mixtures in rats: effects of 28-day exposure. Toxicol Ind Health 1994; 10:231-45. [PMID: 7855870 DOI: 10.1177/074823379401000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation toxicity of methanol and toluene was investigated in rats. Young Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were exposed to vapors of methanol (300 ppm, 3000 ppm), toluene (30 ppm, 300 ppm) or methanol/toluene (300/30 ppm, 300/300 ppm, 3000/30 ppm, and 3000/300 ppm) six hrs per day, five days/week for four weeks. Control animals inhaled air only. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in males exposed to high-dose toluene, and decreased creatinine was noted in the group exposed to high-dose methanol/toluene. The thyroid gland in females appeared to be a target organ for inhaled methanol, toluene, and methanol/toluene, although the changes were confined to a mild, and occasionally moderate, reduction in follicle size. Histopathological changes of the nasal passages, consisting of subepithelial nonsuppurative inflammation, occurred in higher incidences in rats exposed to methanol/toluene than in those exposed to the individual vapors. Inhalation of methanol, toluene, or methanol/toluene produced no changes in liver weights, hepatic mixed-function oxidases, or serum aspartate transaminase activities, and onlly minimal changes in liver histopathology. The only liver changes were decreased liver weight and increased cytoplasmic density of the periportal areas in females exposed to high-dose methanol/toluene. These data indicated that exposure to methanol, toluene, or a mixture of both produced mild biochemical effects and histological changes in the thyroid and nasal passage. No apparent interactive effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poon
- Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Ottawa, Canada
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Smits B, Rosendal S, Ruhnke HL, Plante C, O'Brien PJ, Miller RB. Effects of Ureaplasma diversum on bovine oviductal explants: quantitative measurement using a calmodulin assay. Can J Vet Res 1994; 58:114-21. [PMID: 8004536 PMCID: PMC1263676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CAM) acts as an intracellular regulator of calcium, an important mediator of many cell processes. We used the CAM assay and electron microscopy to investigate the effects of Ureaplasma diversum on bovine oviductal explants obtained aseptically from slaughtered cows. A stock suspension of U. diversum (treated specimens) and sterile broth (controls) was added to replicates of cultured explants and incubated at 38 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5.5% CO2 for 48 hours. Explants were examined for ciliary activity, extracellular CAM loss, and for histological and ultrastructural changes. Explants and their culture media were examined for changes in CAM concentration. All experiments were replicated three times. In addition, U. diversum, medium and broth were assayed for CAM content. The concentrations of CAM in explants and media changed significantly (p < 0.05) in samples which were inoculated with U. diversum when compared to controls. The controls and infected specimens did not differ histologically or ultrastructurally, but U. diversum was seen to be closely associated with infected explant tissue. In view of this close affinity it is assumed the loss of CAM from the oviductal cells was causally related, but this was not proven. The failure to show cell membrane injury on light and electron microscopic examination was probably related to the short duration of the experiment and may only point out the sensitivity of the CAM assay in detecting early cell membrane injury. Compromise in characteristics of the medium to support both, the viability of oviductal cells and U. diversum limited the experimental time to 48 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Smits
- Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph
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Miller RB. The quandary of initiating, withdrawing dialysis. Nephrol News Issues 1993; 7:50-51. [PMID: 8133920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Turnquist
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia 65205
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Miller RB. Dialysis should be withdrawn when the burdens outweigh the benefits. Nephrol News Issues 1993; 7:33-38. [PMID: 8232630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Miller RB. Case review in ethics. Looking for solutions for difficult cases. Nephrol News Issues 1993; 7:30, 32, 34. [PMID: 8371792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
A validated high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure employing ultraviolet detection for the analysis of diclofenac in human plasma is reported. The method is rapid and, coupled with column switching, leads to a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay. The retention times of diclofenac and the internal standard (4'-methoxydiclofenac, CGP-4287) are 6.4 and 7.6 min, respectively. The peak height versus plasma concentration is linear over the range 5.0-2000 ng/ml with a detection limit below 2.5 ng/ml. The mean absolute recovery of diclofenac using the described assay is 96.5% (n = 24). The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision are within 8.3% of the actual values for all concentrations investigated. Furthermore, this procedure is applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of a single 75-mg oral dose of diclofenac sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Analytical Research Center, L.A.B. Bio-Research International Inc., Senneville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Longitudinal analyses of data from 64 pairs of former spouses indicate that the quality of their postdivorce relationship had a significant impact on fathers' involvement with their children. The strength of the influence declined over time, however, as the patterns of interaction in the reorganized binuclear family became more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ahrons
- Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Miller RB, Dadgar D, Lalande M. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of indapamide in human whole blood. J Chromatogr 1993; 614:293-8. [PMID: 8314942 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80321-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, accurate, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of indapamide in human whole blood is reported. After a single-step liquid-liquid extraction at pH 6.6 using diethyl ether, indapamide was eluted from a Nucleosil C18 5-microns column with 80 mM ammonium acetate, pH 3.5-acetonitrile-2-propanol (65:30:5, v/v/v). The peak height versus whole blood concentration was linear over the range 10.0-500 ng/ml using ultraviolet detection. The mean absolute recovery of indapamide using the described assay was 87.4%. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within 9.6% of the actual values for all concentrations investigated. Furthermore, this procedure was applied to the analysis of whole blood samples from healthy subjects receiving a single 2.5-mg oral dose of indapamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Analytical Research Center, L.A.B. Bio-Research International Inc., Senneville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Glaser JW, Miller RB. A paradigm shift for ethics committees and case consultation: a modest proposal. HEC Forum 1993; 5:83-8. [PMID: 10125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Glaser
- St. Joseph Health System, Orange, CA 92668
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Bermúdez VM, Miller RB, Rosendal S, Fernando MA, Johnson WH, O'Brien PJ. Measurement of the cytotoxic effects of different strains of Mycoplasma equigenitalium on the equine uterine tube using a calmodulin assay. Can J Vet Res 1992; 56:331-8. [PMID: 1477802 PMCID: PMC1263565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytopathic effects induced by five strains of Mycoplasma equigenitalium for cells of equine uterine tube explants were tested by measuring changes in cellular and extracellular concentrations of calmodulin (CaM). Calmodulin concentrations in samples of total homogenate (TH) and total homogenate supernates (THS) of the infected equine uterine tube explants were significantly lower than respective measurements on noninfected controls. In tissue culture medium fractions (TCM) of some infected explants, CaM concentrations were significantly higher than noninfected controls (p > 0.95). The results suggest that M. equigenitalium colonization on ciliated cells of the equine uterine tube can affect the permeability of the cell membrane leading to leakage or release of CaM during cell breakdown. Measurement of CaM concentrations in samples of TH revealed significant differences in the cytotoxic effects induced by different strains of M. equigenitalium on the equine uterine tube (EUT). The data suggests that some strains of M. equigenitalium may have a role in reproductive failure in the mare. In addition comparisons of the means of the concentrations of CaM in samples of TH or THS in EUT explants from four mares in the follicular and four in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle were found to be not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Bermúdez
- Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Miller
- Analytical Research Center, L.A.B. Bio-Research International Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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