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Brar J, Pathak S, Khalid S, Rawat R, Singh RS, Bindu R. Structural and physical properties of Ni1-xV xalloys around and away from quantum critical point. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:195401. [PMID: 38306701 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the room temperature structure (global and local), temperature dependent magnetic and transport behaviour of Ni1-xVx(0⩽x⩽0.13) alloys. Our Energy Dispersive Analysis of x-rays results show that the prepared compositions are stoichiometric. With increase in V doping, the compounds exhibit a quantum phase transition aroundxc= 0.12, where the ferromagnetic phase is suppressed. Our results show that all the compounds stabilize in face centred cubic structure at RT and the lattice parameter shows unusual behaviour close toxc. The magnetic and heat capacity studies show signature of Griffiths phase on either side ofxc. From 25 K to the lowest collected temperature, we observe a linear T dependence of resistivity atx = 0.1 and aroundxc, which is separated by a Fermi-liquid region aroundx = 0.106. This suggests that the origin of the transport behaviour is different around the quantum critical point and away from it. Our Ni K-edge x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy results show that there is a significant reduction in the first coordination number around Ni central atom on doping. Further, with doping, there is distortion in the first coordination shell around Ni. This suggests, with V doping, the local structure around Ni is different from the global structure as obtained from the x-ray Diffraction results. Interestingly, with doping, we observe a direct connection between the extent of distortion at RT and the magnetic disorder obtained at 2 K. We believe our results will motivate the scientific community to further study the interplay between the structural disorder and quantum fluctuations with temperature at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskirat Brar
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Swati Pathak
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - S Khalid
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - R Rawat
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India
| | - R S Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, M.P. 462023, India
| | - R Bindu
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
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Swain G, Maurya KL, Kumar M, Sonwani RK, Singh RS, Jaiswal RP, Nath Rai B. The Biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Using Response Surface Methodology: Effect of Biogenic Substrate and Kinetic Evaluation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5280-5298. [PMID: 35606635 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) is a persistent organic pollutant commonly found in petrochemical effluents. It causes toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human beings and aquatic lives. Therefore, an environmentally benign and cost-effective approach is needed against such pollutants. In this direction, the chlorophenol degrading bacterial consortium consisting of Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) and Bacillus cereus GS2 IIT (BHU) was isolated from a refinery site. A composite biocarrier namely polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was developed for bacterial cells immobilization purpose. A lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) packed with Bacillus sp. immobilized PP-PUF biocarrier was employed to analyse the effect of peptone on biodegradation of 4-CP. The statistical tool, i.e. response surface methodology (RSM), was used to optimize the process variables (4-CP concentration, peptone concentration and hydraulic retention time). The higher values of peptone concentration and hydraulic retention time were found to be favourable for maximum removal of 4-CP. At the optimized process conditions, the maximum removals of 4-CP and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were obtained to be 91.07 and 75.29%, respectively. In addition, three kinetic models, i.e. second-order, Monod and modified Stover-Kincannon models, were employed to investigate the behaviour of MBBR during 4-CP biodegradation. The high regression coefficients obtained by the second-order and modified Stover-Kincannon models showed better accuracy for estimating substrate degradation kinetics. The phytotoxicity study supported that the Vigna radiata seeds germinated in treated wastewater showed higher growth (i.e. radicle and plumule) than the untreated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal Maurya
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R K Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ravi P Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Sherwani P, Singh RS, Bolia R. Splenopancreatic Fusion. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:720-721. [PMID: 35357644 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sherwani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Shanker Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishi Bolia
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
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Singh RS, Singh T, Hassan M, Larroche C. Biofuels from inulin-rich feedstocks: A comprehensive review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 346:126606. [PMID: 34974098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels are considered as a pre-eminent alternate to fossil fuels to meet the demand of future energy supply in a sustainable manner. Conventionally, they are produced from lignocellulosic raw materials. Saccharification of lignocellulosic raw materials for bioethanol production is a cumbersome process as compared to inulin-rich feedstocks. Various inulin-rich feedstocks, viz. jerusalem artichoke, chicory, dahlia, asparagus sp., etc. has also been exploited for the production of biofuels, viz. bioethanol, acetone, butanol, etc. The ubiquitous availability of inulin-rich feedstocks and presence of large amount of inulin makes them a robust substrate for biofuels production. Different strategies, viz. separate hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and consolidated bioprocessing have been explored for the conversion of inulin-rich feedstocks into biofuels. These bioprocess strategies are simple and efficient. The present review elaborates the prospective of inulin-rich feedstocks for biofuels production. Bioprocess strategies exploited for the conversion of inulin-rich feedstocks have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India.
| | - Taranjeet Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- U.S. - Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR, CNRS 6602, and Labex, IMobS3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, F-63178 Aubiere Cedex, France
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Meena L, Sharma B, Singh RS, Chauhan U, Matthew A. Cholecysto-pyloric fistula with submucosal impaction of gall stone causing gastric outlet obstruction masquerading as a gastric mass, Bouveret Syndrome: case report. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cholecysto-enteric fistula is a rare complication of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Another even rarer complication is proximal impaction of gallstone(s) in gastric pylorus leading to gastric outlet obstruction, known as the Bouveret Syndrome. Only a few cases have been reported in the available literature. It can be confused with a malignant thickening at the pylorus, knowledge of this syndrome helps in arriving at the right diagnosis.
Case report
A 52-year-old female patient, who was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain. She was investigated with various imaging modalities including upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography as well as Contrast Enhanced Computerized Tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen. On the outside scan, it was given as a malignant thickening at the pylorus. However, current radiologists felt that imaging findings were not of a typical malignant mass, and suspicion of Bouveret syndrome was given. Intraoperative findings confirmed the diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome. The patient has not experienced any postoperative complications till now.
Conclusion
Bouveret syndrome is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Being familiar with the imaging appearance of this condition, and differentiating it with malignant thickening can help radiologists avoid unnecessary invasive procedures in such patients. Being a benign etiology, it also helps in a better prognosis.
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Singh RS, Bardhan V, Kumar S, Saran S. 21-week Routine Antenatal Ultrasound Scan - Diagnosis of Gastroschisis. J Med Ultrasound 2021; 30:308-309. [PMID: 36844766 PMCID: PMC9944815 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_43_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shanker Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikrant Bardhan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sonal Saran
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sonal Saran, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail:
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Ram K, Thakur RC, Singh DK, Kawamura K, Shimouchi A, Sekine Y, Nishimura H, Singh SK, Pavuluri CM, Singh RS, Tripathi SN. Why airborne transmission hasn't been conclusive in case of COVID-19? An atmospheric science perspective. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145525. [PMID: 33940729 PMCID: PMC7984961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmission is one of the routes for the spread of COVID-19 which is caused by inhalation of smaller droplets1 containing SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., either virus-laden particulate matter: PM and/or droplet nuclei) in an indoor environment. Notably, a significant fraction of the small droplets, along with respiratory droplets, is produced by both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals during expiratory events such as breathing, sneezing, coughing and speaking. When these small droplets are exposed to the ambient environment, they may interact with PM and may remain suspended in the atmosphere even for several hours. Therefore, it is important to know the fate of these droplets and processes (e.g., physical and chemical) in the atmosphere to better understand airborne transmission. Therefore, we reviewed existing literature focussed on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the spread of COVID-19 and present an environmental perspective on why airborne transmission hasn't been very conclusive so far. In addition, we discuss various environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc.) and sampling difficulties, which affect the conclusions of the studies focussed on airborne transmission. One of the reasons for reduced emphasis on airborne transmission could be that the smaller droplets have less number of viruses as compared to larger droplets. Further, smaller droplets can evaporate faster, exposing SARS-CoV-2 within the small droplets to the environment, whose viability may further reduce. For example, these small droplets containing SARS-CoV-2 might also physically combine with or attach to pre-existing PM so that their behaviour and fate may be governed by PM composition. Thus, the measurement of their infectivity and viability is highly uncertain due to a lack of robust sampling system to separately collect virions in the atmosphere. We believe that the present review will help to minimize the gap in our understanding of the current pandemic and develop a robust epidemiological method for mortality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirpa Ram
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Roseline C Thakur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)/IRCE Lyon, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Akito Shimouchi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshika Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 25901292, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S N Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Chaulya SK, Chowdhury A, Kumar S, Singh RS, Singh SK, Singh RK, Prasad GM, Mandal SK, Banerjee G. Fugitive dust emission control study for a developed smart dry fog system. J Environ Manage 2021; 285:112116. [PMID: 33581456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution due to dust emission is continuously increasing day by day in mining and allied industrial areas. Mining operations contribute a substantial amount of dust emission at the crushing, screening, and bulk material handling in loading areas. The ambient suspended dust particles create a severe nuisance to workers and local dwellers. For effective controlling of positive dust emission, an innovative automated dry fog dust suppression system (DFDSS) has been developed using hybrid nozzles, sensors, actuators, controllers, screw compressors, air receivers, pumps, motors, and water arrangement with filtration facility. The DFDSS was installed in a crushing and screening plant of an iron ore mine in India. Performance study indicted fugitive dust emission concentration values ranged from 354 to 7040 μg m-3, which was reduced to 91-300 μg m-3 after installation of DFDSS. The reduced values were within the permissible limit of 1200 μg m-3 at a distance of 25 ± 2 m in the predominant downwind direction. The installed DFDSS added a meager addition of moisture content of 0.032% in the handling iron ore material, which was below the acceptable limit of 0.1%. The DFDSS precisely regulated fugitive dust emission from various mining activities without affecting the minerals processing performance. Thus, the DFDSS can be implemented effectively in different mining and allied industries where there is a dust emission problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chaulya
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India.
| | - A Chowdhury
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - R S Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - S K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - R K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - G M Prasad
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - S K Mandal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
| | - G Banerjee
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826 001, India
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Poojitha B, Reddy BH, Joshi A, Kumar A, Ali A, Singh RS, Saha S. Electron-phonon coupling in APd 3O 4: A = Ca, Sr, and Sr 0.85Li 0.15. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:105601. [PMID: 33260164 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abcf60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we have investigated the role of electron phonon coupling on the Raman spectrum of narrow bandgap semiconductors APd3O4 (A = Ca, Sr) and hole-doped system Sr0.85Li0.15Pd3O4. Four Raman active phonons are observed at room temperature for all three compounds as predicted by factor group analysis. The lowest energy phonon (∼190/202 cm-1) associated with Pd vibrations is observed to exhibit an asymmetric Fano-like lineshape in all the three compounds, indicating the presence of an interaction between the phonon and the electronic continuum. The origin of the electronic continuum states and electron-phonon coupling are discussed based on our laser power- and temperature-dependent Raman results. We have observed an enhanced strength of electron-phonon coupling in Sr0.85Li0.15Pd3O4 at low temperatures which can be attributed to the metallicity in this doped compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bommareddy Poojitha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - B H Reddy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Aprajita Joshi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Surajit Saha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
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Singh RS, Singh T, Singh D, Kennedy JF. HPTLC-densitometry quantification of fructooligosaccharides from inulin hydrolysate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:221-228. [PMID: 33609578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present research was to develop an easy, precise and accurate HPTLC densitometry method for quantification of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) from inulin hydrolysate. The chromatographic separation of FOSs was performed on pre-coated silica gel (60, F254) TLC plates using a mobile phase (butanol:ethanol:water, 60:24:16), and densitometry evaluation of FOSs was performed at A500. Both kestose and nystose were successfully resolved with Rf value of 0.43 and 0.34, respectively. The accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of developed method was assessed by percent relative standard deviation of kestose and nystose for instrument precision (1.43% and 1.50%), repeatability (1.48% and 1.56%), intra-day precision (1.60% and 1.63%), inter-day precision (1.62% and 1.66%), limit of detection (4.58 ng/spot and 4.58 ng/spot), limit of quantification (13.87 ng/spot and 13.89 ng/spot) and recovery (98.81% and 98.69%). Moreover, overlapping spectra of test sample with standard confirms the specificity of developed method, which was validated as per ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India.
| | - Taranjeet Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 5 The Croft, Buntsford Drive, Stoke Heath, Bromsgrove, Worcs B60 4JE, UK
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Singh N, Banerjee T, Murari V, Deboudt K, Khan MF, Singh RS, Latif MT. Insights into size-segregated particulate chemistry and sources in urban environment over central Indo-Gangetic Plain. Chemosphere 2021; 263:128030. [PMID: 33297051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Size-segregated airborne fine (PM2.1) and coarse (PM>2.1) particulates were measured in an urban environment over central Indo-Gangetic plain in between 2015 and 2018 to get insights into its nature, chemistry and sources. Mean (±1σ) concentration of PM2.1 was 98 (±76) μgm-3 with a seasonal high during winter (DJF, 162 ± 71 μgm-3) compared to pre-monsoon specific high in PM>2.1 (MAMJ, 177 ± 84 μgm-3) with an annual mean of 170 (±69) μgm-3. PM2.1 was secondary in nature with abundant secondary inorganic aerosols (20% of particulate mass) and water-soluble organic carbon (19%) against metal enriched (25%) PM>2.1, having robust signature of resuspensions from Earth's crust and road dust. Ammonium-based neutralization of particulate acidity was essentially in PM2.1 with an indication of predominant H2SO4 neutralization in bisulfate form compared to Ca2+ and Mg2+-based neutralization in PM>2.1. Molecular distribution of n-alkanes homologues (C17-C35) showed Cmax at C23 (PM2.1) and C18 (PM>2.1) with weak dominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes. Carbon preference index of n-alkanes was close to unity (PM2.1: 1.4 ± 0.3; PM>2.1: 1.3 ± 0.4). Fatty acids (C12-C26) were characterized with predominance of even carbon with Cmax at n-hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). Low to high molecular weight fatty acid ratio ranged from 2.0 (PM>2.1) to 5.6 (PM2.1) with vital signature of anthropogenic emissions. Levoglucosan was abundant in PM2.1 (758 ± 481 ngm-3) with a high ratio (11.6) against galactosan, emphasizing robust contribution from burning of hardwood and agricultural residues. Receptor model resolves secondary aerosols and biomass burning emissions (45%) as the most influential sources of PM2.1 whereas, crustal (29%) and secondary aerosols (29%) were found responsible for PM>2.1; with significant variations among the seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Vishnu Murari
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Murari V, Singh N, Ranjan R, Singh RS, Banerjee T. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of airborne particulates over central Indo-Gangetic Plain. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127145. [PMID: 32497836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sources of airborne particulates (PM10) were investigated in two contrasting sites over central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), one representing a rural background (Mirzapur) and another as an urban pollution hotspot (Varanasi). Very high PM10 concentration was noted both in Varanasi (178 ± 105 μgm-3; N:435) and Mirzapur (131 ± 56 μgm-3; N:169) with 72% and 62% of monitoring days exceeded the national air quality standard, respectively. Particulate-bound elements contribute significant proportion of PM10 mass (15%-18%), with highest contribution from Ca (7%-10%) and Fe (2%-3%). Besides, presence of Zn (1%-3%), K (1%-2%) and Na (1%-2%) was also noted. Water-soluble ionic species contributed 15%-19% of particulate mass, primarily by the secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). Among the SIA, sulphate (5%-7%) and nitrate (4%) were prominent, contributing 59%-62% of the total ionic load, especially in winter. Particulate-bound metallic species and ions were selectively used as signatory molecules and source apportionment of PM10 was done by multivariate factor analysis. UNMIX was able to extract particulate sources in both the locations and crustal resuspensions (dust/-soil) were identified as the dominant source contributing 57%-63% of PM10 mass. Secondary aerosols were the second important source (17%-23%), followed by emissions from biomass/-refuse burning (10-19%). Transport of airborne particulates from upper IGP by prevailing westerly were identified as the important contributor of particulates, especially during high particulate loading days. Health risks associated to particulate-bound toxic metal exposure were also assessed. Non-carcinogenic health risk was within the permissible limit while there is possibility of elevated risk for PM10-bound Cr and Cd, if adequate control measures are not in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Murari
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nandita Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Ranjan
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Yadav SK, Shukla P, Joshi M, Khan A, Kaushik A, Jha AK, Sapra BK, Singh RS. Emission characteristics of ultrafine particles from bare and Al 2O 3 coated graphite for high temperature applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14595. [PMID: 32884029 PMCID: PMC7471292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its exceptional properties at high temperature, graphite is used in several applications such as structural material and fuel block in high temperature nuclear reactors. Air ingress is one of the serious safety concerns in these reactors. Oxidation of graphite leading to increased porosity affects its mechanical strength and may lead to core collapse resulting in a severe accident. During such a scenario, generation of graphite particles could be the main hazard. Once generated, these particles often in fine and ultrafine sizes, may carry radioactivity to large distances and/or for long times. These particles owing to their higher surface to volume ratio possess an additional inhalation hazard. Ultrafine particles have the potential to enter into respiratory tract and cause damage to body organs. Coating of graphite components is preferred to reduce the oxidation induced damages at high temperatures. In the present work, effect of alumina (Al2O3) coating on the emission characteristics of particles from graphite under high temperature conditions has been investigated. Bare and Al2O3 coated graphite specimens were heated within a closed chamber at varying temperatures during these experiments. Temporal evolution of concentrations of gases (CO and CO2) and particles were measured. The results reveal that Al2O3 coating on the graphite delayed the oxidation behavior and the structure of graphite remained largely intact at high temperatures. A significant reduction in aerosol formation and CO emission was also noticed for the coated specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - P Shukla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Manish Joshi
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Arshad Khan
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - A Kaushik
- High Temperature Reactor Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Jha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Sharma AR, Batra G, Kumar M, Mishra A, Singla R, Singh A, Singh RS, Medhi B. BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:507-517. [PMID: 32653224 PMCID: PMC7332934 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 is changing with country wise and depend on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections. BCG vaccine induces expressions of the gene that are involved in the antiviral innate immune response against viral infections with long-term maintenance of BCG vaccine-induced cellular immunity. COVID-19 cases are reported very much less in the countries with universal BCG vaccination policies such as India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Israel, Japan, etc. as compared to without BCG implemented countries such as the USA, Italy, Spain, Canada, UK, etc. BCG vaccine provides protection for 50–60 years of immunization, so the elderly population needs to be revaccinated with BCG. Several countries started clinical trials of the BCG vaccine for health care workers and elderly people. BCG can be uses as a prophylactic treatment until the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Neurology, India
| | - G Batra
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Neurology, India
| | - M Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - A Mishra
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - R Singla
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - A Singh
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - R S Singh
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - B Medhi
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India.
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Swain G, Sonwani RK, Giri BS, Singh RS, Jaiswal RP, Rai BN. Collective removal of phenol and ammonia in a moving bed biofilm reactor using modified bio-carriers: Process optimization and kinetic study. Bioresour Technol 2020; 306:123177. [PMID: 32192956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with bio-carriers made of polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was evaluated for the collective removal of phenol and ammonia. Three independent variables, including pH (5.0-8.0), retention time (2.0-12.0 h), and airflow rate (0.8-3.5 L/min) were optimized using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum removal of phenol and ammonia was obtained to be 92.6, and 91.8%, respectively, in addition to the removal of 72.3% in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level at optimum conditions. First-order and second-order kinetic models were analyzed to evaluate the pollutants removal kinetics in a MBBR. Finally, a second-order model was found to be appropriate for predicting reaction kinetics. The values of second-order rate constants were obtained to be 2.35, 0.25, and 1.85 L2/gVSS gCOD h for phenol, COD, and ammonia removal, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi P Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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16
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Singh RS, Kaur N. Understanding response surface optimization of medium composition for pullulan production from de-oiled rice bran by Aureobasidium pullulans. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1507-1520. [PMID: 31695950 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central composite rotatable design of RSM was used for the optimization of medium composition for pullulan production from de-oiled rice bran by Aureobasidium pullulans in shake-flask fermentations. The sugars from de-oiled rice bran were extracted in distilled water under moist steam pressure and the obtained de-oiled rice bran extract (DRBE) was used for the optimization of medium composition. RSM optimized medium components (DRBE sugars, 3.88%; yeast extract, 0.24%; (NH4)2SO4, 0.06%; K2HPO4, 0.57% (w/v), and pH, 5.22) supported 5.48% (w/v) pullulan production and 0.88 (A600/100) biomass yield. Coefficient of determination for pullulan production (0.99) and biomass yield (0.99) was close to 1.0 which justifies significance of model. Lack of fit for both responses was non-significant, which shows fitness of quadratic model. FTIR and NMR spectral attributes confirmed the structure of pullulan. XRD patterns verified the amorphous nature of pullulan. De-oiled rice bran was found as a potential substrate for pullulan production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147 002 India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147 002 India
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17
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Singh RS, Singh T, Larroche C. Biotechnological applications of inulin-rich feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:641-653. [PMID: 30503580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a naturally occurring second largest storage polysaccharide with a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and food industries. It is a robust polysaccharide which consists of a linear chain of β-2, 1-linked-d-fructofuranose molecules terminated with α-d-glucose moiety at the reducing end. It is present in tubers, bulbs and tuberous roots of more than 36,000 plants belonging to both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous families. Jerusalem artichoke, chicory, dahlia, asparagus, etc. are important inulin-rich plants. Inulin is a potent substrate and inducer for the production of inulinases. Inulin/inulin-rich feedstocks can be used for the production of fructooligosaccharides and high-fructose syrup. Additionally, inulin-rich feedstocks can also be exploited for the production of other industrially important products like acetone, butanol, bioethanol, single cell proteins, single cell oils, 2, 3-butanediol, sorbitol, mannitol, etc. Current review highlights the biotechnological potential of inulin-rich feedstocks for the production of various industrially important products.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India.
| | - Taranjeet Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR, CNRS 6602, and Labex, IMobS3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, F-63178 Aubiere Cedex, France
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18
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Kureel MK, Geed SR, Rai BN, Singh RS. Novel investigation of the performance of continuous packed bed bioreactor (CPBBR) by isolated Bacillus sp. M4 and proteomic study. Bioresour Technol 2018; 266:335-342. [PMID: 29982055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals the benzene degrading potential of bacterial species isolated from petroleum contaminated soil. Genomic analysis suggests that Bacillus sp. M4 was found to be dominating species. The process parameters were optimized and found to be pH 7.0 ± 0.2, temperature 32 ± 5 °C, immobilization time (20 days) and benzene concentration 400 mg/L. The maximum removal efficiency of benzene was calculated and found to be 93.13% at elimination capacity156 (mg/L/day) and inlet loading rate 192 (mg/L/day) achieved in 54th days of operation. In the study, the residual metabolites were analyzed by GC/MS analysis and identified as benzene-1,2-diol. In order to identify the responsible protein involved in the process of benzene biodegradation The proteomic study was performed and proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. The molecular docking was confirmed by the benzene biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
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19
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Singh RS, Chauhan K, Pandey A, Larroche C. Biocatalytic strategies for the production of high fructose syrup from inulin. Bioresour Technol 2018; 260:395-403. [PMID: 29636277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of natural and low calorie sugars has increased enormously from the past few decades. To fulfil the demands, the production of healthy sweeteners as an alternative to sucrose has recently received considerable interest. Fructose is the most health beneficial and safest sugar amongst them. It is generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and has become an important food ingredient due its sweetening and various health promising functional properties. Commercially, high fructose syrup is prepared from starch by multienzymatic process. Single-step enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin using inulinase has emerged as an alternate to the conventional approach to reduce complexity, time and cost. The present review, outlines the enzymatic strategies used for the preparation of high fructose syrup from inulin/inulin-rich plant materials in batch and continuous systems, and its conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India.
| | - Kanika Chauhan
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Marg, 226 001 Lucknow, India
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR, CNRS 6602, and Labex, IMobS3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, F-63178 Aubiere Cedex, France
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20
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Geed SR, Prasad S, Kureel MK, Singh RS, Rai BN. Biodegradation of wastewater in alternating aerobic-anoxic lab scale pilot plant by Alcaligenes sp. S 3 isolated from agricultural field. J Environ Manage 2018; 214:408-415. [PMID: 29547845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolated microbial Alcaligenes sp. S3 from the agricultural field was used for the biodegradation of synthetic wastewater containing atrazine. This study was conducted in an alternating aerobic-anoxic lab scale pilot plant. The performance of continuously operated pilot plant was evaluated in three different phases with varying atrazine concentration. The best performance of plant was observed in phase-II. The atrazine (200 mg/L) having COD value 1356 mg/L was used with varying flow rate and 90.56% COD removal was obtained at a flow rate of 300 mL/h on 122th day of operation. The effect of process parameter like pH and DO on the performance of the reactor was studied. The GC-MS analysis was investigated, and urea was found the intermediate/metabolites of atrazine biodegradation. The kinetic parameters such as half saturation rate constant (Ks) 106.80 mg/L; maximum specific growth rate (μmax) 0.208 per day and inhibition constant (Ki) 374.91 mg/L were evaluated by Andrew-Haldane model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India; Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, 474 005, MP, India.
| | - Sachin Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India.
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21
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Abu Talha M, Goswami M, Giri BS, Sharma A, Rai BN, Singh RS. Bioremediation of Congo red dye in immobilized batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor by Brevibacillus parabrevis using coconut shell bio-char. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:37-43. [PMID: 29306127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, bacterial species capable of degrading colour waste were isolated from the water bodies located near the carpet cluster in the Bhadohi district of U.P., India. Among the isolated species best one was selected on the basis of its capability to degrade Congo red in batch experiments using NaCl-Yeast as the nutrient media and further it was identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis using 16S rDNA sequencing. The process parameters were optimized for maximum degradation in batch experiments and found out to be: Inoculum size: 3 ml, Temperature: 30 °C, Time: 6 days leading to a removal of 95.71% of dye sample. The experiment showed that bacteria immobilized with coconut shell biochar in continuous mode showed much better degradation than batch study without immobilization. The kinetics parameters μmax, Ks, and μmaxKs were found to be 0.461 per day, 39.44 mg/day, and 0.0117 L/mg/day using Monod model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Talha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mandavi Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaney Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bandi MM, Akella VS, Singh DK, Singh RS, Mandre S. Hydrodynamic Signatures of Stationary Marangoni-Driven Surfactant Transport. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:264501. [PMID: 29328684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.264501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study steady Marangoni-driven surfactant transport on the interface of a deep water layer. Using hydrodynamic measurements, and without using any knowledge of the surfactant physicochemical properties, we show that sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tergitol 15-S-9 introduced in low concentrations result in a flow driven by adsorbed surfactant. At higher surfactant concentration, the flow is dominated by the dissolved surfactant. Using camphoric acid, whose properties are a priori unknown, we demonstrate this method's efficacy by showing its spreading is adsorption dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bandi
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - V S Akella
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - D K Singh
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - R S Singh
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Mandre
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Patil S, Medicherla VRR, Ali K, Singh RS, Manfrinetti P, Wrubl F, Dhar SK, Maiti K. Observation of pseudogap in MgB 2. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:465504. [PMID: 29086758 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8aa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic structure of a specially prepared highly dense conventional high temperature superconductor, MgB2, employing high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. The spectral evolution close to the Fermi energy is commensurate to BCS descriptions as expected. However, the spectra in the wider energy range reveal the emergence of a pseudogap much above the superconducting transition temperature indicating an apparent departure from the BCS scenario. The energy scale of the pseudogap is comparable to the energy of the [Formula: see text] phonon mode responsible for superconductivity in MgB2 and the pseudogap can be attributed to the effect of electron-phonon coupling on the electronic structure. These results reveal a scenario of the emergence of the superconducting gap within an electron-phonon coupling induced pseudogap and have significant implications in the study of high temperature superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patil
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials' Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
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24
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Geed SR, Shrirame BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Assessment of pesticides removal using two-stage Integrated Aerobic Treatment Plant (IATP) by Bacillus sp. isolated from agricultural field. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:45-54. [PMID: 28347623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of synthetic wastewater containing Atrazine, Malathion and Parathion was studied in two stage Integrated Aerobic Treatment Plant using Bacillus sp. (consortia) isolated from agricultural field. The influent stream containing these pesticides with initial COD of 1232mg/L were fed to first reactor and treated effluent of first reactor was fed to second reactor. The maximum removal of pesticides in IATP was found to be greater than 90%. The various process parameters such as pH, DO, Redox potential and BOD5/COD were monitored during the treatment. The degradation of pesticides and its metabolites in the treated effluent were confirmed by GC-MS. Kinetic parameters such as first order rate constant (Kobs), cell yield (YX/C) and decay coefficients (Kdp) were evaluated and found to be 0.00425 per hr, 0.696mg of COD/mg MLSS and 0.0010 per hr respectively. This integrated process was found more effective than physico-chemical treatment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B S Shrirame
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Singh K, Giri BS, Sahi A, Geed SR, Kureel MK, Singh S, Dubey SK, Rai BN, Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS. Biofiltration of xylene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media under transient and high loading conditions. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:351-358. [PMID: 28284446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wood charcoal as biofilter media under transient and high loading condition. Biofiltration of xylene was investigated for 150days in a laboratory scale unit packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed microbial culture at the xylene loading rates ranged from 12 to 553gm-3h-1. The kinetic analysis of the xylene revealed absence of substrate inhibition and possibility of achieving higher elimination under optimum condition. The pH, temperature, pressure drop and CO2 production rate were regularly monitored during the experiments. Throughout experimental period, the removal efficiency (RE) was found to be in the range of 65-98.7% and the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 405.7gm-3h-1. Molecular characterization results show Bacillus sp. as dominating microbial group in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amrita Sahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S K Dubey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Kureel MK, Geed SR, Giri BS, Rai BN, Singh RS. Biodegradation and kinetic study of benzene in bioreactor packed with PUF and alginate beads and immobilized with Bacillus sp. M3. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:92-100. [PMID: 28390787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzene removal in free and immobilized cells on polyurethane foam (PUF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate beads was studied using an indigenous soil bacterium Bacillus sp. M3 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. The important process parameters (pH, temperature and inoculums size) were optimized and found to be 7, 37°C and 6.0×108CFU/mL, respectively. Benzene removals were observed to be 70, 84 and 90% within 9days in a free cell, immobilized PVA-alginate beads and PUF, respectively under optimum operating conditions. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis confirm the presence of phenol, 1,2-benzenediol, hydroquinone and benzoate as metabolites. The important kinetic parameter ratios (µmax/Ks; L/mg·day) calculated using Monod model was found to be 0.00123 for free cell, 0.00159 for immobilized alginate beads and 0.002016 for immobilized PUF. Similarly inhibition constants (Ki; mg/L) calculated using Andrew-Haldane model was found to be 435.84 for free cell, 664.25 for immobilized alginate beads and 724.93 for immobilized PUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
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Kanjanarong J, Giri BS, Jaisi DP, Oliveira FR, Boonsawang P, Chaiprapat S, Singh RS, Balakrishna A, Khanal SK. Removal of hydrogen sulfide generated during anaerobic treatment of sulfate-laden wastewater using biochar: Evaluation of efficiency and mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 2017; 234:115-121. [PMID: 28319759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas was investigated in a biochar column integrated with a bench-scale continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) treating sulfate-laden wastewater. Synthetic wastewater containing sulfate concentrations of 200-2000mg SO42-/L was used as substrate, and the CSTR was operated at an organic loading rate of 1.5g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20days. The biochar was able to remove about 98.0 (±1.2)% of H2S for the ranges of concentrations from 105-1020ppmv, especially at high moisture content (80-85%). Very high H2S adsorption capacity (up to 273.2±1.9mg H2S/g) of biochar is expected to enhance the H2S oxidation into S0 and sulfate. These findings bring a potentially novel application of sulfur-rich biochar as a source of sulfur, an essential but often deficient micro-nutrient in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarupat Kanjanarong
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Balendu S Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Deb P Jaisi
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Fernanda R Oliveira
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Piyarat Boonsawang
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sumate Chaiprapat
- Energy Technology Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - R S Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Avula Balakrishna
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA.
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Banerjee T, Kumar M, Mall RK, Singh RS. Airing 'clean air' in Clean India Mission. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:6399-6413. [PMID: 28039622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The submission explores the possibility of a policy revision for considering clean air quality in recently launched nationwide campaign, Clean India Mission (CIM). Despite of several efforts for improving availability of clean household energy and sanitation facilities, situation remain still depressing as almost half of global population lacks access to clean energy and proper sanitation. Globally, at least 2.5 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities. There are also evidences of 7 million premature deaths by air pollution in year 2012. The situation is even more disastrous for India especially in rural areas. Although, India has reasonably progressed in developing sanitary facilities and disseminating clean fuel to its urban households, the situation in rural areas is still miserable and needs to be reviewed. Several policy interventions and campaigns were made to improve the scenario but outcomes were remarkably poor. Indian census revealed a mere 31% sanitation coverage (in 2011) compared to 22% in 2001 while 60% of population (700 million) still use solid biofuels and traditional cook stoves for household cooking. Further, last decade (2001-2011) witnessed the progress decelerating down with rural households without sanitation facilities increased by 8.3 million while minimum progress has been made in conversion of conventional to modern fuels. To revamp the sanitation coverage, an overambitious nationwide campaign CIM was initiated in 2014 and present submission explores the possibility of including 'clean air' considerations within it. The article draws evidence from literatures on scenarios of rural sanitation, energy practises, pollution induced mortality and climatic impacts of air pollution. This subsequently hypothesised with possible modification in available technologies, dissemination modes, financing and implementation for integration of CIM with 'clean air' so that access to both sanitation and clean household energy may be effectively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - M Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R K Mall
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Geed SR, Kureel MK, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Performance evaluation of Malathion biodegradation in batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor (PBBR). Bioresour Technol 2017; 227:56-65. [PMID: 28013137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the biodegradation of Malathion in batch and continuous packed bed (Polyurethane foam; PUF) bioreactor (PBBR). After 10days, 89% Malathion removal was observed in batch PBBR. Continuous PBBR was operated at various flow rates (5-30mL/h) under optimum condition over a period of 75days. Inlet loading rates and elimination capacities were observed in the range of 36-216 and 7.20-145.4mg/L/day with an average removal efficiency of more than 90% under steady state conditions. GC/MS analysis confirms phosphorodithionicacid,O,O,S-trimethylester and diethylmercaptosuccinate as metabolites. Biodegradation of Malathion under inhibitory and non-inhibitory conditions was studied using Monod and Andrew-Haldane models and the kinetic constants were calculated and found to be μmax: 0.271 per day; Ks: 126.3mg/L using Monod and μmax: 0.315 per day; Ks: 151.32mg/L; Ki: 594.75mg/L using Andrew-Haldane models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Padmanaban VC, Geed SR, Achary A, Singh RS. Kinetic studies on degradation of Reactive Red 120 dye in immobilized packed bed reactor by Bacillus cohnii RAPT1. Bioresour Technol 2016; 213:39-43. [PMID: 26968121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Reactive Red 120 using Bacillus cohnii RAPT1 immobilized on polyurethane was studied. Initial experiments indicated that the percentage removal of dye in immobilized batch was significantly higher than batch (without immobilization). The optimum process parameters such as effect of dye concentration, time of immobilization on Poly Urethane Foam, initial inoculum size, pH and temperature for removal of dye were investigated and was found as 200ppm, 36h, 300*10(6) colony forming units/ml, 8.0 and 35°C respectively. Under optimum conditions, 100% removal of dye was obtained within 4h. The kinetics of biodegradation for the batch with free cells and immobilised packed batch was found to be IInd order with kinetic constant and initial rate of reaction as 0.0408, 0.084L/(mgday) and 1632, 3360 (mg/Lday) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Padmanaban
- Centre for Research, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sachin RameshRao Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Anant Achary
- Centre for Research, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - BHU, Varanasi, India.
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Kumar M, Singh RS, Banerjee T. Associating airborne particulates and human health: Exploring possibilities: Comment on: Kim, Ki-Hyun, Kabir, E. and Kabir, S. 2015. A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environment International 74 (2015) 136-143. Environ Int 2015; 84:201-202. [PMID: 26093957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - T Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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32
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Singh RS, Jain P, Kaur HP. Characterization and antimicrobial activity of lectins from Penicillium sp. Indian J Exp Biol 2013; 51:984-991. [PMID: 24416935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ten Penicillium sp. were screened for lectin activity for occurrence of lectins. Mycelial extracts from submerged cultures of P. corylophilum, P. expansum and P. purpurogenum showed agglutination against human (A, B, AB and O), goat, sheep, pig and rabbit erythrocytes. Neuraminidase treatment to human blood- type O erythrocytes substantially increased their agglutinability by all the lectins as compared to untreated erythrocytes. Modification of erythrocyte surfaces by protease increased the lectin titre only of P. corylophilum with no effect on other two lectins. P. corylophilum and P. expansum displayed relatively lower titres in mycelial extracts prepared from agar plate cultures as compared to broth cultures. A panel of sugars was tested for inhibition of lectin activity. All the lectins were found to be specific for asialofetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, porcine stomach mucin, chondroitin-6-sulphate, D-sucrose and D-glucose. P. corylophilum lectin was expressed (Titre 8) by 5 day old cultures, reaching its maximum level (Titre 32) upon 8 days of cultivation, thereafter declin in lectin activity was observed. P. purpurogenum lectin was expressed by 7-10 days old cultures, while in P. expansum maximum lectin activity was elaborated by 5-8 days old cultures. Lectin extracts from all the three species were found to possess antimicrobial activities. Lectin extracts from the three Penicillium species displayed antifungal activity and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India.
| | - P Jain
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
| | - H P Kaur
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
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Singh RS. A comparative study on cell disruption methods for release of aspartase from E. coli K-12. Indian J Exp Biol 2013; 51:997-1003. [PMID: 24416937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Applicability of different mechanical cell disruption techniques namely sonication, bead milling and French press for the release of aspartase from E. coli K-12 was compared. Various operating parameters of each technique were optimized to obtain maximum aspartase release. The efficiency of aspartase release and cell disruption by all the methods was also compared under optimal conditions. The maximum release of aspartase (98.22%) and maximum cell breakage (84.25%) was observed using French press, while 92% of aspartase release was obtained by both sonication and bead milling. The order of cell disruption constant (k) for aspartase release by these methods was French press > bead milling > sonication. Disruption of cells using French press also demonstrated maximum protein release (14.12 mg/mL). The crude enzyme preparations can be further used for purification and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India.
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Maya K, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS, Dubey SK. Degradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by fungal communities. Bioresour Technol 2012; 126:216-223. [PMID: 23073111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal isolates obtained from soil were used for degrading chlorpyrifos (CP) and TCP. The percentage degradation ranged from 69.4 to 89.8 for CP and 62.2 to 92.6 for TCP after one week. The values of K(s) and V(max) were different for different isolates. The K(s) ranged from 66.66 to 169.5mg/L and V(max) from 6.56 to 40.4 mg/L/d for CP and from 53.19 to 163.9 mg/L and 3.41 to 40.40 mg/L/d, respectively, for TCP. Fungal community showed high affinity for both CP and TCP. The genetic relatedness of isolate F1 to Aspergillus sp., F2 and F3 to Penicillium sp., F4 to Eurotium sp. and F5 to Emericella sp. were confirmed. The degradation potential was in the order: F1>F2=F3>F4>F5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Abstract
A total of six laboratory animals (four rats and two guinea pigs) from "Laboratory Animal Unit, (Govt. Medical College) Patiala" were presented to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, GADVASU with the history of severe itching, alopecia, erythema, hyperkeratotic skin lesions involving face, head, ears, dorsal body and paws since last 1 month. The other animals of the unit (50 rats and 40 guinea pigs) were reported to have similar lesions. Skin scraping examination from the infested rats and guinea pigs revealed Notoedres spp. mite. The animals were treated with conjunctive drug therapy consisting of ivermectin, enrofloxacin and multivitamins. The treatment resulted in marked clinical improvement on day seven post-treatment and complete healing, with disappearance of crusts and scabs leading to normal skin, was recorded by day 25 post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chand
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Harkirat Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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Abstract
The examination of spatial variation can act as a substitute for temporal variation in population studies. Of particular use in the effort to understand the selective forces that govern spatial variation are the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Recent work at the level of both molecules and morphology has uncovered a great deal of spatial variation within and between these two species. Here we summarize these data, with reference to what they tell us about the history and nature of selection operating in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Rama Singh and Anthony Long are at the Dept of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Mandal K, Kumar A, Tripathi N, Singh RS, Chaulya SK, Mishra PK, Bandyopadhyay LK. Characterization of different road dusts in opencast coal mining areas of India. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:3427-3441. [PMID: 21701887 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dust from haul and transport roads are the major source of air pollution in opencast coal mining areas. Dust generated during mining operations pollutes air which causes different health problems. Various available techniques are implemented in the field to minimize and control dust in mining areas. However, they are not very effective because dust deposited on road surfaces are not removed by these techniques. For effective control of dust in opencast mining areas, it has to be regularly collected from road surfaces and may be converted into solid form, and subsequently can be used as a domestic fuel considering its physicochemical properties. The present paper describes a comparative study of qualitative and quantitative aspects of road dust samples of four coalfields of India. The pH of the dust was found to be in the range of 5.1-7.7. Moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, water-holding capacity, bulk density, and specific gravity of dust samples were found to be in the range of 0.5-3.0%, 45-76%, 12.6-20.0%, 10.2-45.3%, 21.17-31.71%, 1.15-1.70, and 1.73-2.30 g cm(-3), respectively. Observing the overall generation and characteristics of coal dust, it is suggested that coal dust from haul and transport roads of mining areas can be effectively collected and used as domestic fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mandal
- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad 826015, India
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. In the present study, the distribution of mastitic MRSA and antibiotic resistance was studied in 107 strains of S. aureus isolated from milk samples from 195 infected udders. The characterizations pathogenic factors (adhesin and toxin genes) and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates were carried out using gene amplification and disc diffusion assays, respectively. A high prevalence of MRSA was observed in the tested isolates (13.1%). The isolates were also highly resistant to antibiotics, i.e. 36.4% were resistant to streptomycin, 33.6% to oxytetracycline, 29.9% to gentamicin and 26.2% each to chloramphenicol, pristinomycin and ciprofloxacin. A significant variation in the expression of pathogenic factors (Ig, coa and clf) was observed in these isolates. The overall distribution of adhesin genes ebp, fib, bbp, fnbB, cap5, cap8, map and cna in the isolates was found to be 69.1, 67.2, 6.5, 20.5, 60.7, 26.1, 81.3 and 8.4%, respectively. The presence of fib, fnbB, bbp and map genes was considerably greater in MRSA than in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. The proportions of toxin genes, namely, hlb, seb, sec, sed, seg and sei, in the isolates were found to be 94.3, 0.9, 8.4, 0.9, 10.2 and 49.5%, respectively. The proportions of agr genes I, II, III and IV were found to be 39.2, 27.1, 21.5 and 12.1%, respectively. A few isolates showed similar antibiotic-resistance patterns, which could be due to identical strains or the dissemination of the same strains among animals. These findings can be utilized in mastitis treatment programmes and antimicrobials strategies in organized herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Livestock Genome Analysis Laboratory, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
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Shukla AK, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Substrate inhibition during bio-filtration of TCE using diazotrophic bacterial community. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:3561-3563. [PMID: 20952189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of biodegradation of TCE in the biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with diazotrophic bacterial community had been investigated. Use of Michaelis-Menten type model showed that substrate inhibition was present in the system. The kinetic model proposed by Edwards (1970) was used to calculate kinetic parameters-maximum elimination capacity (EC(max)), substrate constant (K(s)), and inhibition constant (K(I)). The model fitted well with the experimental data and the EC(max) was found to be in the range of 10.8-6.1 g/m(3) h. The K(s) values depended upon substrate concentration and ranged from 0.024 to 0.043 g/m(3) indicating the high affinity of diazotrophs for TCE. The K(I) values were low and nearly constant (0.011-0.015 g/m(3)) indicating a moderate substrate inhibition.
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Shukla AK, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Kinetics of bio-filtration of trichloroethylene by methanotrophs in presence of methanol. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:8119-8126. [PMID: 20594824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of TCE was studied in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed culture of methanotrophs isolated from local soil. The removal efficiency was found to be higher than 90% up to an inlet load of 5.1g/m(3)h. The maximum elimination capacity was 6.7g/m(3)h at an inlet loading rate of 11.3g/m(3)h. The reaction constants EC(max,)K(s) and K(i) calculated from the experimental results are also presented. The biodegradation process is found to be inhibited at higher TCE concentration. The carbon dioxide production rate has been found to be a linear function of elimination capacity. The DNA finger printing techniques has indicated the presence of functionally active methanotrophic community including Methylocystis sp. in the biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh K Shukla
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Patil S, Pandey SK, Medicherla VRR, Singh RS, Bindu R, Sampathkumaran EV, Maiti K. Importance of conduction electron correlation in a Kondo lattice, Ce₂CoSi₃. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:255602. [PMID: 21393805 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/25/255602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kondo systems are usually described by the interaction of the correlation induced local moments with the highly itinerant conduction electrons. Here, we study the role of electron correlations among conduction electrons in the electronic structure of a Kondo lattice compound, Ce₂CoSi₃, using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio band structure calculations, where Co 3d electrons contribute in the conduction band. High energy resolution employed in the measurements helped to reveal the signatures of Ce 4f states derived Kondo resonance features at the Fermi level and the dominance of Co 3d contributions at higher binding energies in the conduction band. The lineshape of the experimental Co 3d band is found to be significantly different from that obtained from the band structure calculations within the local density approximations, LDA. Consideration of electron-electron Coulomb repulsion, U, among Co 3d electrons within the LDA + U method leads to a better representation of experimental results. The signature of an electron correlation induced satellite feature is also observed in the Co 2p core level spectrum. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of the electron correlation among conduction electrons in deriving the microscopic description of such Kondo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Patil
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
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Hale LR, Singh RS. Extensive variation and heteroplasmy in size of mitochondrial DNA among geographic populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 83:8813-7. [PMID: 16578797 PMCID: PMC387022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Size variation and heteroplasmy in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are relatively common in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Of 92 isofemale lines of flies obtained from various geographic regions throughout the world, 75 lines were homoplasmic and showed a total of 12 different mtDNA size classes. The remaining 17 lines were heteroplasmic, each line carrying two different mtDNAs, and, in all but one case, the mtDNAs in these heteroplasmic lines differed in size; a total of nine size classes was represented among them. In cases where one type was predominant within an individual, it was usually the smaller mtDNA. This finding parallels what was observed in homoplasmic lines, in that the smaller mtDNAs were much more common than the larger variants in most populations. The data suggest a high rate of mutational occurrence of mtDNA size variants and some natural selection against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Hale
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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Singh K, Singh RS, Rai BN, Upadhyay SN. Biofiltration of toluene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3947-3951. [PMID: 20137916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale biofilter inoculated with Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 102) was used for degradation of toluene present in air. Wood charcoal was used as the filter media and a layer of glass beads (6mm) was used for improved air distribution. The biofilter was operated continuously for a period of 5months at four different flow rates - 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24m(3)h(-1), with inlet concentration of toluene ranging from 0.04 to 4.5gm(-3). Air having toluene vapor was fed to the biofilter at various loadings ranging from 30.6 to 1104.5gm(-3)h(-1). The removal efficiency was obtained in the range of 70-99.5%. The maximum elimination capacity of 872.5gm(-3)h(-1) was observed at the inlet load of 1104.5gm(-3)h(-1). Wood charcoal was found to an effective biofilter media for toluene biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
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Shukla AK, Vishwakarma P, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Bio-filtration of trichloroethylene using diazotrophic bacterial community. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:2126-2133. [PMID: 19962302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of TCE was studied in a biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with diazotrophic bacterial community isolated from local soil. Steady state TCE removal efficiencies higher than 85% were observed up to inlet load of 2.866 g m(-3) h(-1). The maximum elimination capacity of 5.31 g m(-3) h(-1) was observed at an inlet load of more than 7.90 g m(-3) h(-1). The biofilter was sensitive to fluctuations in the process conditions but could easily recover its performance after 10 days shutdown. Almost constant and small pressure drop per unit length and very negligible compaction was observed during the whole experimental period. The molecular analyses such as RT-PCR and gene sequencing revealed the presence of functionally active Azospirillum species in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh K Shukla
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Katiyar C, Kumar A, Bhattacharya SK, Singh RS. Ayurvedic processed seeds of nux-vomica: neuropharmacological and chemical evaluation. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:190-5. [PMID: 19699784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of detoxification on Strychnos nux-vomica seeds by traditional processing with aloe and ginger juices (B), by frying in cow ghee (C), and by boiling in cow milk (D) was investigated. The ethanolic extracts of these samples were subjected to spontaneous motor activity (SMA), pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, PTZ induced convulsions, diazepam-assisted protection, and morphine-induced catalepsy. All samples reduced SMA and inhibited catalepsy. The seeds processed in milk (D) showed the lowest strychnine content in the cotyledons, exhibited marked inhibition of PTZ induced convulsions and maximal potentiation of hypnosis, and were the safest (LD(50)).
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Williams KK, Taylor ZD, Suen JY, Lu H, Singh RS, Gossard AC, Brown ER. Toward a 1550 nm InGaAs photoconductive switch for terahertz generation. Opt Lett 2009; 34:3068-3070. [PMID: 19838228 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a terahertz (THz) photoconductive switch made from a composite of metal ErAs nanoparticles embedded in In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As and coupled to a square spiral antenna. The THz output power was measured in a 77 K cryostat by using a standard hyperhemisphere-lens package, a Golay cell outside the cryostat, and a quasi-optical filter bank for spot frequency spectral measurements. Results indicate an average output power of approximately 12 microW at 22 V bias using 140 mW of optical pump power from a subpicosecond fiber mode-locked laser. In addition, the THz spectra displayed invariance to bias voltage despite operating near impact ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimani K Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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Abstract
The application of an aquatic weed, Parthenium hysterophorous, has been investigated for the removal of nickel from aqueous solutions. Parthenium hysterophorous, the weed was converted to ash and was used as an adsorbent for the removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solutions at different experimental conditions. The per cent removal of Ni increased from 67.30 to 97.54%, with the nickel(II) concentration decreasing from 477.21 to 67.83 mg L(-1) at 25 degrees C, pH 11.0. The removal was favoured at higher pH, with a maximum removal at pH 11.0. The effects of concentration and temperature are also reported. Batch adsorption kinetics are described by the Lagergren equation. The value of the rate constant of adsorption was found to be 6.82 x 10(-2) min(-1) at 67.83 mg L(-1) and 25 degrees C. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations for the present system were tested at different temperatures, viz. 25, 50 and 75 degrees C, and the constants were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the exothermic nature of nickel(II) adsorption on P. hysterophorous ash. The adsorption capacity was found to be much better than other common adsorbents reported for the removal of nickel(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, K.N. Govt. P.G. College, Gyanpur, S.R.N., Bhadohi, (U.P.), India
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Tripathi N, Singh RS, Singh JS. Impact of post-mining subsidence on nitrogen transformation in southern tropical dry deciduous forest, India. Environ Res 2009; 109:258-266. [PMID: 19147131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our research was to assess the impact of post-mining land subsidence, caused due to underground coal mining operations, on fine root biomass and root tips count; plant available nutrient status, microbial biomass N (MBN) and N-mineralization rates of a Southern tropical dry deciduous forest of Singareni Coalfields of India. The changes were quantified in all the three (rainy, winter and summer) seasons, in slope and depression microsites of the subsided land and an adjacent undamaged forest microsite. Physico-chemical characteristics were found to be altered after subsidence, showing a positive impact of subsidence on soil moisture, bulk density, water holding capacity, organic carbon content, total N and total P. The increase in all the parameters was found in depression microsites, while in slope microsites, the values were lower. Fine root biomass and root tips count increased in the subsided depression microsites, as demonstrated by increases of 62% and 45%, respectively. Soil nitrate-N and phosphate-P concentrations were also found to be higher in depression microsite, showing an increase of 35.68% and 24.74%, respectively. Depression microsite has also shown the higher MBN value with an increase over control. Net nitrification, net N-mineralization and MBN were increased in depression microsite by 29.77%, 25.72% and 34%, respectively. There was a positive relation of microbial N with organic C, fine root biomass and root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tripathi
- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad 826 001, India.
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Singh RS, Bhattacharjee PB, Youngberg GA, Al-Abbadi MA. Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma: a long-standing case. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2008; 17:185-187. [PMID: 19104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomatoid, or spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCSC), is relatively uncommon, but may be encountered. It poses a challenge in differential diagnosis that includes other spindle cell neoplasms. We present a case where the lesion existed for 20 years and raised the potential of chronicity as a factor in inducing spindle cell morphology. Detailed immunohistochemical features are demonstrated, and discussion of the differential diagnosis is offered. The patient was an 89-year-old African-American female with an exophytic and polypoid mass of the right upper arm measuring 5.5 x 5.5 x 3.0 cm. The mass had been present for the last 20 years, and was gradually and very slowly increasing in size. After refusing surgery several times, she finally agreed to have an excision. The tumor proved to be SCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Singh RS, Bhermi HK. Production of extracellular exoinulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-1 using root tubers of Asparagus officinalis. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:7418-7423. [PMID: 18280145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Root tubers of Asparagus officinalis were used as a source of raw inulin for the production of exoinulinase (EC 3.2.1.7) from Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-1. Root extract prepared at 10kg/cm2 pressure for 10min showed maximum inulinase production. Medium components and process parameters were standardized to improve the enzyme production. Inulinase yield of 40.2IU/mL in a medium containing raw inulin (3.5%), beef extract (2%), SDS (0.001%), Mn2+ (2.0mM), Mg2+ (1.5mM), Co2+ (2mM) and pH 6.5 has been obtained under agitation (150rpm) after 60h of incubation at 30 degrees C at shake flask level. After optimization, the enzyme production was 4.8 times more than the basal medium. To test the feasibility of raw inulin from A. officinalis for the production of inulinase, trials were also made in a bioreactor (1.5L). Inulinase activity of 50.2IU/mL was obtained from raw inulin (4.0%) under agitation (200rpm) and aeration (0.75vvm) at 30 degrees C after 60h of fermentation. Inulinase yield in bioreactor was almost six times higher than the basal medium used initially in shake flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India.
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