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Satokangas I, Nouhaud P, Seifert B, Punttila P, Schultz R, Jones MM, Sirén J, Helanterä H, Kulmuni J. Semipermeable species boundaries create opportunities for gene flow and adaptive potential. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37222024 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybridisation and gene flow can have both deleterious and adaptive consequences for natural populations and species. To better understand the extent of hybridisation in nature and the balance between its beneficial and deleterious outcomes in a changing environment, information on naturally hybridising nonmodel organisms is needed. This requires the characterisation of the structure and extent of natural hybrid zones. Here, we study natural populations of five keystone mound-building wood ant species in the Formica rufa group across Finland. No genomic studies across the species group exist, and the extent of hybridisation and genomic differentiation in sympatry is unknown. Combining genome-wide and morphological data, we demonstrate more extensive hybridisation than was previously detected between all five species in Finland. Specifically, we reveal a mosaic hybrid zone between Formica aquilonia, F. rufa and F. polyctena, comprising further generation hybrid populations. Despite this, we find that F. rufa, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris and F. pratensis form distinct gene pools in Finland. We also find that hybrids occupy warmer microhabitats than the nonadmixed populations of cold-adapted F. aquilonia, and suggest that warm winters and springs, in particular, may benefit hybrids over F. aquilonia, the most abundant F. rufa group species in Finland. In summary, our results indicate that extensive hybridisation may create adaptive potential that could promote wood ant persistence in a changing climate. Additionally, they highlight the potentially significant ecological and evolutionary consequences of extensive mosaic hybrid zones, within which independent hybrid populations face an array of ecological and intrinsic selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Satokangas
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Nouhaud
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Seifert
- Department of Entomology, Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz, Germany
| | - P Punttila
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Schultz
- Department of Entomology, Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz, Germany
| | - M M Jones
- Institute of Biotechnology, HILIFE - Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sirén
- Institute of Biotechnology, HILIFE - Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Helanterä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kulmuni
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Akerley W, Puri S, Chalmers A, Blouw B, Boorgula S, Schultz R, Fisher D, Dugan M, Mayer J. LMD-15. Beyond cytologY - A single institution experience using CNSideTM for diagnosing and monitoring treatment response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (LMC). Neurooncol Adv 2021. [PMCID: PMC8351243 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab071.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (LMC) occurs in 3–9% of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Diagnosis of LMC includes clinical evaluation, imaging, and cytology. These have modest sensitivity and are inadequate for monitoring treatment response. Biocept’s CNSideTM is a proprietary assay utilizing a 10-antibody capture cocktail with microfluidic chamber that quantitatively detects tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Switch BlockerTM is a proprietary single gene assay that detects actionable mutations in the CSF. We describe a retrospective single institution experience using these assays in NSCLC patients with confirmed LMC or suspected LMC, treated between 2017 and 2021. Methods For fresh samples, CNSide and cytology were used to detect tumor cells, NGS and Switch Blocker was used to detect actionable mutations. Frozen samples were analyzed by NGS and/or Switch Blocker assays. Results CSF was collected from 30 samples (16 unique patients), of which frozen (8 unique patients) and fresh samples (8 unique patients; 5 with and 3 without LMC). CNSide detected tumor cells in 100% samples (10/10) vs cytology in 40% samples (4/10). Of those without LMC, neither CNSide nor cytology identified tumor cells. In patients with serial samples, CNSide tracked the clinical course. Analysis of frozen CSF by NGS identified mutations including EGFR in six (6), ALK in three (3) and BRAF in one (1) patient, which correlated with the primary tumor. The median survival from diagnosis of LMC for those with frozen samples was 71.6 weeks. Conclusion We demonstrate that 1) survival of patients with LMC can be prolonged, especially when an actionable target is identified, 2) CNSide has greater sensitivity in detecting LMC than cytology, and 3) quantitative monitoring of CSF tumor cells can be used to guide initial and subsequent therapies. Larger clinical trials are needed to better establish the utility of CNSide in managing LMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Akerley
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sonam Puri
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna Chalmers
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Singh VM, Fisher DM, Berz D, Schultz R, Mayer JA, Boorgula S, Nguyen M, Troung J, Dobrawa L, Gill J, Carrillo JA, Kesari S. The next generation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based molecular diagnostics: Improving sensitivity and actionability in breast and lung cancer patients with CNS involvement. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14502 Background: Liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive and cost-effective strategy to assess cancer biomarkers without the risk of complications associated with surgical biopsies. Once a tumor has metastasized to the brain, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We analyzed CSF samples from patients(pts) with primary lung or breast cancer with either brain (BM) or leptomeningeal metastases (LM). Here we report the analytical and clinical validation of Target Selector CSF assays. Validation testing included pre-analytical and analytical steps. Methods: CSF was collected prospectively from pts with a prior solid tumor diagnosis and suspected BM or LM. CTCs were captured utilizing a primary ten antibody cocktail followed by biotinylated secondary antibodies that bind selectively to CTCs followed by staining with cytokeratin (CK), CD45, streptavidin and DAPI. CTCs were captured in a microfluidic channel,classified as either CK+ or CK-. Cell-free total nucleic acids (cfTNA) was extracted from CSF supernatant and underwent both Target Selector™ single gene and next-generation sequencing (NGS) lung and breast multi-gene testing to assess for molecular alterations. For NGS, data analysis was performed using Torrent Suite with annotation and curation by Ion Reporter and Oncomine Knowledgebase Reporter software. Results: The Target Selector CTC platform assays performed on clinical samples (n = 89) resulted in clinical accuracy = 85.4%, clinical precision (intra-assay, inter-assay, inter-operator, and inter-instrument) = 100% for each measure, clinical sensitivity = 80.0%, clinical specificity = 96.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 98%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 70.0%, and analytical specificity = 96.0% (acceptance criteria was 95%) at a limit of detection of 2 CTCs. For molecular analyses, Target Selector™ platform assays resulted in clinical accuracy = 87.4%, clinical sensitivity = 85.2%, clinical specificity = 88.3%, PPV = 76.7%, and NPV = 93.0%. Conclusions: Target Selector is a viable, sensitive, reproducible platform for CTC detection and molecular analysis of CSF samples from patients with breast or lung cancer with CNS metastases especially as the sensitivity of CSF cytology is low and MRI findings can be equivocal. Identifying CTCs and molecular alterations can help characterize both tumor genomic evolution as well as guide treatment following cancer metastasis to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Berz
- Beverly Hills Cancer Center, Beverly Hills, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Judy Troung
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence St. Johns Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Lucia Dobrawa
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence St. Johns Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Jaya Gill
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence, Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
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Fenn K, Singh VM, Lee SM, Cieremans D, Lassman AB, Hershman DL, Crew KD, Accordino MK, Trivedi MS, Iwamoto FM, Schultz R, Huynh L, Sales EV, Fisher DM, Mayer JA, Kreisl TN, Kalinsky K. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) through identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3567 Background: Diagnosis of LM from solid tumors can be challenging. The TargetSelector (TS) CTC detection assay has demonstrated highly specific and sensitive CTC capture both for epithelial (CK+) and non-epithelial (CK-) subsets. The assay utilizes a ten-antibody (ab) capture cocktail followed by biotinylated secondary abs that bind to CTCs, enriched in a microfluidic device. TS targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay detects somatic mutations in 12 breast cancer-related genes. The aim was to determine whether TS can improve sensitivity in the diagnosis of LM compared to CSF cytology by lumbar puncture (LP). Methods: CSF was collected prospectively from patients (pts) with a prior solid tumor diagnosis and suspicion of LM. CTCs were isolated from CSF using the TS platform. Cells were stained with cytokeratin (CK), CD45, streptavidin and DAPI. CTCs captured in a microchannel were classified as CK + or -. Peripheral blood samples obtained at time of LP underwent similar CTC analysis. Cell-free total nucleic acids (cfTNA) were extracted from plasma and CSF followed by NGS. Data analysis used the Ion Torrent Suite with annotation and report curation by Ion Reporter and Oncomine Knowledgebase Reporter software respectively. Results: There were 14 pts (13 women and 1 man), median age 56 years (range 32-75) with cancers of the breast (10), lung (1), colon (1), CNS lymphoma (1) or glioma (1). Pts had received a median of 2.5 lines of systemic metastatic therapy (range 0-8). CSF cytology was not sent for 1 pt and TS was not performed for 1 pt. TS and standard cytology had 89% agreement in pts with metastatic breast cancer (MBC, 8/9). Of the 6 pts for whom CTCs were detected in CSF by TS, 3 pts had + cytology (all MBC), 2 pts had - cytology and 1 pt with MBC was not tested by cytology. Of the 3 pts with + CSF by cytology (all MBC), all were detected by TS (Table). Among 5 MBC pts with CTCs present in CSF, ER status was concordant in 2 of 5 (40%). HER2 status was concordant in 3 of 4 (75%) evaluable pts and not determined in 1 pt. Analysis of cfDNA from CSF identified somatic mutations in 3 pts (TP53, PIK3CA, CCND1, respectively). In 1 of 3 pts, the mutation identified in the CSF (PIK3CA) in HR+/HER2- MBC was also identified in the blood. Conclusions: TargetSelector is a viable platform for the detection of breast cancer CTCs in the CSF. NGS performed on CSF samples can identify potentially actionable mutations. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Fenn
- Department of Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Shing Mirn Lee
- Columbia University College of Physicans and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - David Cieremans
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Schultz R, Atkinson G, Eaton DW, Gu YJ, Kao H. Hydraulic fracturing volume is associated with induced earthquake productivity in the Duvernay play. Science 2018; 359:304-308. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Schultz
- Alberta Geological Survey, 4999 98 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G. Atkinson
- Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. W. Eaton
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Y. J. Gu
- University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Kao
- Natural Resources Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
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Joshi V, Mack P, Archbell J, Li G, Arent M, Vang K, Ivatury S, Schultz R, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Dwivedi S, Riebe M. P293 Drug delivery performance of budesonide (BD), glycopyrronium (GP) and formoterol (FF) triple combination (BGF) co-suspension™ delivery technology mdis. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Farber M, Schultz R, Lugo L, Liu X, Huang C, Tsen L. The effect of co-administration of intravenous calcium chloride and oxytocin on maternal hemodynamics and uterine tone following cesarean delivery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 24:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burger AM, Loadman PM, Thurston DE, Schultz R, Fiebig HH, Bibby MC. Preclinical Pharmacology of the Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Monomer DRH-417 (NSC 709119). J Chemother 2013; 19:66-78. [PMID: 17309854 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2007.19.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolobenzodiazepine monomer DRH-417 is a member of the anthramycin group of anti-tumor antibiotics that bind covalently to the N2 of guanine within the minor groove of DNA. DRH-417 emerged from the EORTC-Drug Discovery Committee and NCI 60 cell line in vitro screening programs as a potent antiproliferative agent with differential sensitivity towards certain cancer types such as melanoma, breast and renal cell carcinoma (mean IC(50) = 3 nM). DRH-417 was therefore tested for in vivo activity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was established as 0.5 mg/kg given i.p. Marked anti-tumor activity was seen in two human renal cell cancers, one breast cancer and a murine colon tumor model (p<0.01). A selective HPLC (LC/MS) analytical method was developed and plasma pharmacokinetics determined. At a dose of 0.5 mg kg(-1), the plasma AUC was 540 nM h (197.1 ng h ml(-1)) and the peak plasma concentration (171 nM [62.4 ng ml(-1)]) occurred at 30 min., reaching doses levels well above those needed for in vitro antiproliferative activity. Genomic profiling of in vivo sensitive tumors revealed that the latter have an activated insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Burger
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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9
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Schultz R, Lockey R, Oats JJ. Birthing in the Barkly: births to Barkly women in 2010. Rural Remote Health 2013; 13:2396. [PMID: 24047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 2007 review of maternity services in Australia's Northern Territory (NT) noted the dissatisfaction of women in the Barkly region where the birthing service closed in 2006. The review recommended improved integration of maternity services, a consumer focus, and a pilot study of birthing in Tennant Creek Hospital (TCH) in the Barkly region. Barkly region is sparsely populated, with 5700 people in 320,000 km². The town of Tennant Creek with 3100 population is the only centre of more than 1000 people. In the Barkly region, 64% of the population and 74% of birthing women are Aboriginal. Current NT Department of Health (NT DoH) policy requires all women to give birth in a town with facilities for operative delivery. For most Barkly women this means travelling 500 km to Alice Springs with limited support for travel and accommodation. Emergency air evacuation is arranged for all women who enter labour or give birth while in the Barkly region, whether at TCH or elsewhere. This project was a collaboration between Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation and NT DoH to examine clinical data to inform a discussion of re-introducing birthing to TCH. METHODS Women who were resident in the Barkly region and gave birth in NT in 2010 were identified from the NT Midwives Data Collection. Women who gave birth in Central Australia were managed at Alice Springs Hospital (ASH), either for the birth or afterwards. Antenatal, birthing, postnatal and neonatal data were extracted from ASH records. RESULTS In total 99 women were identified as residents in the Barkly region from all those who gave birth in 2010. Of these, 83 gave birth in Central Australia, and their records were reviewed for this study, showing that 69 (83%) were Aboriginal; 42 were resident in Tennant Creek; and 29% were aged under 20 years with one under 16 years. Regarding delivery, 53 (64%) women had an unassisted vaginal birth; of 18 women who had had a previous caesarean section, 5 (28%) had a vaginal birth; of the 25 women who had had a normal vaginal birth previously and had no indications for obstetric consultation at the time of labour, three underwent emergency caesarean section. There were 86 infants, all liveborn; 16% were preterm; 21% were of low birth weight; and 6% weighed more than 4.5 kg. Six women gave birth in the Barkly region, two at TCH and four in health centres in remote townships. These mothers and babies were evacuated immediately following birth to ASH, irrespective of indications for referral. Eleven women were evacuated to ASH in labour and six of these were preterm. CONCLUSION Opportunities exist to improve maternity care through improved collaboration, even when women cannot give birth in or near their home community due to the absence of birthing services. The remote location of the Barkly region presents challenges to providing maternity care that addresses medical, cultural, psychological and social needs of the childbearing population. Because of this, every opportunity should be taken to optimise maternity care by improvements in continuity of care and carer, improved communication between service providers, and the use of evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Clinical Services, Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation, Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, Australia.
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10
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Troiani V, Schultz R. Stimulus-driven visual attention engages subcortical visual areas in typical development but not autism. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Andrews SE, Schultz R, Frey SD, Bouchard V, Varner R, Ducey MJ. Plant community structure mediates potential methane production and potential iron reduction in wetland mesocosms. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00314.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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He J, Koeneman EJ, Schultz R, Herring D, Wanberg J, Huang H, Sugar T, Herman R, Koeneman JB. RUPERT: a Device for Robotic Upper Extremity Repetitive Therapy. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2005:6844-7. [PMID: 17281846 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the development and initial evaluation of a device for robotic assisted upper extremity repetitive therapy (RUPERT). Intense repetitive physical therapies provided by individualized interaction between the patient and a rehabilitation specialist to overcome upper extremity impairment after stroke are beneficial, however, they are expensive and difficult to evaluate quantitatively and objectively. The need is urgent and growing for a low cost, safe and easy to use robotic device to assist the patient and the therapist to fully achieve the potential benefit of task-based repetitive physical therapies. We designed a pneumatic muscle (PM) driven therapeutic device, the RUPERT, that is wearable and provides assistive forces required to move the arm during performance of several critical tasks of daily living. The robot has four degrees of freedom at shoulder, elbow and wrist. The sensors feedback position and force information for quantitative evaluation of task performance. It has the potential of providing a take-home method of supplementing therapy. The device can also provide real-time, objective assessment of functional improvement of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping He
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering and Center for Neural Interface Design at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Andrade J, Figueiredo C, Oliveira M, Carvalho M, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Isolation and genotyping of rubella virus from a case of congenital infection in Brazil. J Med Virol 2011; 83:2048-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Brizot ML, Liao AW, Lopes LM, Okumura M, Marques MS, Krebs V, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Conjoined twins pregnancies: experience with 36 cases from a single center. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:1120-5. [PMID: 21905053 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review a single center's experience in the management of twin pregnancies with conjoined fetuses. METHODS Retrospective study describing prenatal findings, delivery details, surgical treatment and perinatal outcome. RESULTS The study included 36 twin pregnancies with conjoined twins seen over a period of 12 years in a single tertiary hospital: 69.4% were thoracopagus, 13.9% parapagus, 8.3% omphaloischiopagus 5.6% omphalopagus and 2.8% cephalopagus. Cardiac defects were present in 91.6% of twin pairs and associated malformations were present in 61.8% of the cases: limb abnormalities in 36.1%, abdominal wall defects in 25.0%, cleft lip and/or palate in 13.9% and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 5.5%. Surgical separation was considered not feasible and prognosis lethal in 30 (83.3%) cases. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 12 pregnancies of poor prognosis. Cesarean section was performed in all remaining cases. Five sets of twins underwent surgical separation and six children survived. Overall survival in our series was 8.3% and, among the livebirths, 13.6%. CONCLUSION Conjoined twin pregnancies should be referred to tertiary centers for detailed fetal anomaly and echocardiographic assessment to evaluate prognosis and determine the possibility of postnatal surgical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brizot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Theisen A, Rosenfeld JA, Shane K, McBride KL, Atkin JF, Gaba C, Hoo J, Kurczynski TW, Schnur RE, Coffey LB, Zackai EH, Schimmenti L, Friedman N, Zabukovec M, Ball S, Pagon R, Lucas A, Brasington CK, Spence JE, Sparks S, Banks V, Smith W, Friedberg T, Wyatt PR, Aust M, Tervo R, Crowley A, Skidmore D, Lamb AN, Ravnan B, Sahoo T, Schultz R, Torchia BS, Sgro M, Chitayat D, Shaffer LG. Refinement of the Region for Split Hand/Foot Malformation 5 on 2q31.1. Mol Syndromol 2011; 1:262-271. [PMID: 22140379 DOI: 10.1159/000328405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deletions that encompass 2q31.1 have been proposed as a microdeletion syndrome with common clinical features, including intellectual disability/developmental delay, microcephaly, cleft palate, growth delay, and hand/foot anomalies. In addition, several genes within this region have been proposed as candidates for split hand-foot malformation 5 (SHFM5). Methods: To delineate the genotype-phenotype correlation between deletions of this region, we identified 14 individuals with deletions at 2q31.1 detected by microarray analysis for physical and developmental disabilities. Results: All subjects for whom detailed clinical records were available had neurological deficits of varying degree. Seven subjects with deletions encompassing the HOXD cluster had hand/foot anomalies of varying severity, including syndactyly, brachydactyly, and ectrodactyly. Of 7 subjects with deletions proximal to the HOXD cluster, 5 of which encompassed DLX1/DLX2, none had clinically significant hand/foot anomalies. In contrast to previous reports, the individuals in our study did not display a characteristic gestalt of dysmorphic facial features. Conclusion: The absence of hand/foot anomalies in any of the individuals with deletions of DLX1/DLX2 but not the HOXD cluster supports the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency of the HOXD cluster, rather than DLX1/DLX2, accounts for the skeletal abnormalities in subjects with 2q31.1 microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Theisen
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, Spokane, Wash
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Monassier JP, Shayne J, Sommier JM, Schultz R, Ider O. [Postconditioning in acute myocardial infarction: Primary angioplasty revisited?]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2010; 59:294-305. [PMID: 20889138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is the mean to improve prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, reperfusion injury due to immediate acidosis correction and subsequent Ca(2+) overload results in formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The consequence is the death of viable myocardium due to onconecrosis and apoptosis. Mechanical (Stuttering reperfusion) or pharmacological postconditioning (cyclosporine A, adenosine…) is able to prevent reperfusion injury resulting in more myocardial salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Monassier
- Unité de cardiologie interventionnelle, fondation du Diaconat, 14, boulevard Roosevelt, 68067 Mulhouse cedex, France.
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Troiani V, Hunyadi E, Riley M, Herrington J, Schultz R. Cortical and Subcortical Correlates of Nonconscious Face Processing. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Tanaka J, Wolf J, Schultz R. The Let's Face It! Program: The assessment and treatment of face processing deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Okumura M, Fushida K, Rezende WW, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Sonographic appearance of gestational trophoblastic disease evolving into epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:249-251. [PMID: 20069561 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is a distinctive but rare trophoblastic tumor. It derives from intermediate trophoblastic cells of the chorion laeve and is usually associated with a previous gestational event. We report the case of a patient who had undergone dilatation and curettage for a missed miscarriage. Three months later gestational trophoblastic disease was suspected because of persistent vaginal bleeding and high levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). Transvaginal ultrasound revealed irregular echolucent lacunae within the myometrium, some of them filled with low-resistance, turbulent blood flow on Doppler examination, emphasizing the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease. The patient was treated with 12 courses of multiagent chemotherapy. After a 2-year remission, a low rise in serum beta-hCG was observed. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a well-circumscribed echogenic lesion with a diameter of 1.8 cm in the uterine fundus, with no detectable blood flow on Doppler imaging. A diagnosis of tumor of intermediate trophoblastic cells was suspected and total hysterectomy was performed. On pathological examination, the histological and immunohistochemical features were characteristic of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Most reported cases of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor have solitary nodules with sharp margins, which is consistent with our ultrasound findings. Ultrasound may be helpful in differentiating epithelioid trophoblastic tumor from placental-site trophoblastic tumor, another tumor of intermediate trophoblastic cells, which shows infiltrative growth insinuating between muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okumura
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Kearns TM, Schultz R, McDonald V, Andrews RM. Prophylactic penicillin by the full moon: a novel approach in Central Australia that may help to reduce the risk of rheumatic heart disease. Rural Remote Health 2010; 10:1464. [PMID: 20795756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uptake of penicillin prophylaxis to prevent recurrent rheumatic fever and its sequela rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is not optimal in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Full Moon Strategy (the Strategy) was introduced in the Central Australian region in June 2006 to improve the uptake of prophylactic penicillin: clients and healthcare workers were encouraged to use the full moon as a cue for the timing of the 4 weekly prophylactic penicillin injection. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact and effectiveness of the Strategy on knowledge and uptake of benzathine penicillin prophylaxis for clients at risk of RHD, and for primary healthcare workers in Central Australia. METHODS Clients at risk of RHD in four remote Aboriginal communities and the town camps of Alice Springs were identified from the RHD database. Consenting clients or their carers were interviewed about their knowledge of the Strategy and the health promotional tools used. Their healthcare records were then reviewed for prophylaxis uptake 2 years prior to and 2 years following the introduction of the Strategy. Primary healthcare workers in the four remote communities who were available at the time of the study visit were interviewed about their knowledge and use of the Strategy and the health promotional tools. RESULTS Fifty RHD clients and 19 healthcare workers were interviewed. Most were aware of the flipchart but less than half knew of the calendar poster, hand-held card or radio advertisement. Prophylaxis uptake increased significantly from 47% in the 2 years prior to the introduction of the Strategy, to 57% 2 years after the Strategy was introduced. CONCLUSION Introduction of the Strategy coincided with an improvement in uptake of prophylaxis but not around the time of the full moon. Uptake of benzathine penicillin remains inadequate and further innovative measures are needed to control rheumatic fever and its sequela in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kearns
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
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21
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Alliman S, Coppinger J, Marcadier J, Thiese H, Brock P, Shafer S, Weaver C, Asamoah A, Leppig K, Dyack S, Morash B, Schultz R, Torchia BS, Lamb AN, Bejjani BA. Clinical and molecular characterization of individuals with recurrent genomic disorder at 10q22.3q23.2. Clin Genet 2010; 78:162-8. [PMID: 20345475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of genomic imbalances in young patients can affect medical management by allowing early intervention for developmental delay and by identifying patients at risk for unexpected medical complications. Using a 105K-feature oligonucleotide array, we identified a 7.25 Mb deletion at 10q22.3q23.2 in six unrelated patients. Deletions of this region have been described in individuals with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including autistic features, and may represent a recurring genetic syndrome. All four patients in this study for whom clinical information was available had mild dysmorphic features and three had developmental delay. Of note is the emerging clinical phenotype in these individuals with similar dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, hypertelorism, and arachnodactyly, and neurodevelopmental delay that includes failure to thrive, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period, and receptive and expressive language delay with global neurodevelopmental delay after the neonatal period. However, there is no pattern of abnormalities, craniofacial, behavioral, or otherwise, that would have aroused clinical suspicion of a specific syndrome. Finally, the patients' deletions encompass BMPR1A but not PTEN, and these patients may be at risk for colon cancer and should be referred for appropriate prophylactic care and surveillance. Of the two patients in this study who had colonoscopy following the array results, neither had polyps. Therefore, the magnitude of the increased risk for colon cancer is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alliman
- Signature Genomics, Spokane, WA, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Pereira PP, Cabar FR, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Association between ultrasound findings and extent of trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall in ampullary pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33:472-476. [PMID: 19306476 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Predictive factors of damage to the Fallopian tube may guide the treatment of patients with tubal pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the depth of trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall, assessed on postoperative histological examination, with the findings obtained on transvaginal sonography (TVS) in women with ampullary pregnancy. METHODS Women with ampullary pregnancy undergoing salpingectomy were enrolled into the study. Only women with a finding of either an embryo with cardiac activity or a tubal ring on TVS were included in the analysis, a total of 85 patients. Trophoblastic invasion was assessed postoperatively and was histologically classified as Stage I when limited to the tubal mucosa, Stage II when extending to the muscle layer and Stage III in the case of complete tubal wall infiltration. The association between findings on TVS and the stage of trophoblastic invasion was evaluated. RESULTS There was a significant association between the findings on TVS and the depth of trophoblastic invasion (P < 0.001). All patients in whom an embryo with cardiac activity had been identified were found to have Stage II (17.9%) or Stage III (82.1%) invasion, whereas in those patients who showed a tubal ring on TVS, Stage I invasion was the most frequent finding (41.3%). CONCLUSIONS In ampullary pregnancy, the finding on TVS of an embryo with cardiac activity is associated with deeper penetration of trophoblastic tissue into the tubal wall than is the finding of a tubal ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ruano R, Takashi E, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Prenatal diagnosis of posterior mediastinal lymphangioma by two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31:697-700. [PMID: 18435512 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor characterized by proliferating lymph vessels and composed of large cyst spaces with endothelium-lined channels of varying dimensions. The incidence of lymphangioma is approximately one in 6000 pregnancies. Less than 1% of lymphangiomas are purely mediastinal. The great majority of cases are of cystic lymphangioma, but very rarely there is a mixed lesion consisting of multiple cysts of dilated capillary and lymph vessels. We report a case of posterior mediastinal lymphangioma diagnosed at 28 weeks' gestation, in which three-dimensional ultrasonography was helpful in determining the precise location of the tumor. A Cesarean section was performed at 39 weeks and the tumor was resected on the 5(th) day postdelivery; histological examination revealed a mixed cystic lymphangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ruano
- Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cabar FR, Pereira PP, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Predictive factors of trophoblastic invasion into the ampullary region of the tubal wall in ectopic pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2426-31. [PMID: 16707506 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive factors of damage to the Fallopian tube may guide the treatment for patients with tubal pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of the following parameters: gestational age, serum beta-hCG concentrations and ultrasound findings. METHODS A total of 105 patients with ampullary pregnancy undergoing salpingectomy were analysed. Trophoblastic invasion was histologically classified as stage I when limited to the tubal mucosa, stage II when extending to the muscle layer and stage III in the case of complete tubal wall infiltration. We correlated the depth of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall with gestational age, beta-hCG concentration on the day of surgery and the type and size of the ectopic mass upon ultrasound. RESULTS No association was observed between the depth of trophoblastic invasion and gestational age (P = 0.53) or tubal mass diameter (P = 0.43). Trophoblastic invasion was, however, associated with beta-hCG concentration (P < 0.001) and with the type of ultrasonographic image (P = 0.001). Beta-hCG levels of 2400 mIU/ml showed 82.8% sensitivity and 85.5% specificity for stage I, and levels of 5990 mIU/ml showed 82.6% sensitivity and 74.6% specificity for stage III. CONCLUSIONS Depth of trophoblastic penetration into the tubal wall of the ampullary region of Fallopian tube is correlated with beta-hCG concentration and the type of ultrasonographic image; serum beta-hCG is the best predictor of the depth of penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Cabar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Leite F, Atapattu D, Kuckleburg C, Schultz R, Czuprynski CJ. Incubation of bovine PMNs with conditioned medium from BHV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells increases their susceptibility to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 103:187-93. [PMID: 15621305 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Active infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) increases the susceptibility of cattle to secondary bacterial pneumonia with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica A1. In the present study we found that bovine PMNs incubated with conditioned media from BHV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibited increased LFA-1 expression, enhanced LKT binding and increased LKT cytotoxicity. These effects were abrogated when the conditioned medium was pre-incubated with an anti-IL-1beta Mab before being added to the PMNs. These findings suggest that BHV-1 infection, and the resulting release of IL-1beta and perhaps other inflammatory cytokines, can stimulate activation of LFA-1 in bystander bovine PMNs, thus enhancing the binding and biological effects of LKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Abstract
We present a case of 6-year-old boy who developed severe hyperkalaemia and ventricular tachycardia after administration of succinylcholine. Ventricular tachycardia was defibrillated and Gordon syndrome, which was diagnosed subsequently, was treated successfully. Paediatric patients with underlying metabolic disorders such as Gordon syndrome are at high risk of developing severe hyperkalaemia after succinylcholine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puura
- District Hospital of Valkeakoski, Medical Center Mehiläinen, Tampere, Finland.
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28
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Leite F, Kuckleburg C, Atapattu D, Schultz R, Czuprynski CJ. BHV-1 infection and inflammatory cytokines amplify the interaction of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin with bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 99:193-202. [PMID: 15135985 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) has been reported to increase the susceptibility of cattle to respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica A1. The principal virulence factor of M. haemolytica is a leukotoxin (LKT) that can specifically kill ruminant leukocytes following its binding to the beta2-integrin CD11a/CD18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)). In this study, we investigated the effects of experimental infection of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) with BHV-1 in vitro, on the subsequent interaction of these cells with the M. haemolytica LKT. We found that BHV-1 infection increased LFA-1 expression (as assessed by flow cytometry), and subsequently enhanced LKT binding and cytotoxicity to bovine MNCs. We also found that BHV-1 infection increased CD18, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression by MNCs. As previously reported for bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), MNCs increased their expression of LFA-1, and their LKT binding and cytotoxicity, following exposure to IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. These findings suggest that BHV-1 infection, and the resulting release of inflammatory cytokines, can stimulate expression of LFA-1 in bovine MNCs, thus enhancing the binding and biological effects of LKT. If such a mechanism occurs in vivo it might explain, in part, the increased susceptibility of BHV-1 infected cattle to bovine pasteurellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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29
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Banrezes B, Toth S, Huneau D, Schultz R, Ozil JP. 297A METHOD TO DRIVE CALCIUM SIGNALLING DYNAMICS IN FERTILIZED MOUSE EGGS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv16n1ab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following fertilization, eggs exhibit a series of repetitive increases in intracellular calcium that activate development. The developmental impact of the long-lasting series of Ca2+ signals is still a subject of controversy. Although several studies using parthenogenetically activated eggs suggest that Ca2+ dynamics affect post-implantation development, artificial stimulation of Ca2+ signaling after ICSI in bovine eggs shows that development still remains poor in comparison to fertilized eggs. Such divergence between parthenogenetic studies and those aimed at stimulating ICSI eggs makes it impossible to draw any conclusions regarding the function of Ca2+ signaling for two reasons. First, non-fertilized eggs do not release Ca2+ from intracellular stores and their development is compromised due to the absence of paternally-derived chromosomes. Second, because ICSI eggs are excitable, Ca2+ stimulation generates additional Ca2+ oscillations that might compromise their development. Moreover, in both cases, Ca2+ signaling is not physiological. To understand better the function of Ca2+ signaling at fertilization, we developed a new approach based on micro fluidic technology that makes it possible to drive Ca2+ signal dynamics of fertilized eggs with no apparent deleterious effects. This method relies on the fact that the properties of the IP3 receptor (IP3R) calcium channel are changed after fertilization, and IP3 and Ca2+ act as co-agonists to cause Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from intracellular stores. Because Ca2+ has both an inhibiting and a stimulating function, we exploited these opposing properties. First, we inhibited Ca2+ release by external washing with Ca2+-free medium;; this extra cellular washing decreases cytosolic [Ca2+]I, and facilitates dissociation of Ca2+ ions from the IP3R that in turn decreases the probability of IP3R channel opening. Second, once the IP3R is inhibited, a simple injection of Ca2+ ions by electropermeabilization triggers channel opening and induces Ca2+ release. Then, by just varying the time interval and the number of the electrical pulses, it is possible to drive the dynamics of the CICR process that initiates development. Intracellular Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that fertilized eggs subjected to 24 electrical pulses (1.45kVcm−1) every 8min for 3h in the microfluidic processor responded by exhibiting 24 induced-Ca2+ transients that are caused by calcium release from intracellular stores. All auto-regenerative responses between pulses were inhibited. Among 60 treated embryos transferred to pseudo-pregnant recipients, 40 (67%) developed to term, with birth of live offspring, thus demonstrating that this new methodology does not compromise development. Because the eggs are fertilized, it now becomes possible to study the function of Ca2+ signaling during egg activation and to evaluate its developmental impact, if any, in association with genomic approaches.
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Lopes LM, Brizot ML, Lopes MAB, Ayello VD, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Structural and functional cardiac abnormalities identified prior to 16 weeks' gestation in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22:470-478. [PMID: 14618659 DOI: 10.1002/uog.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy and practicality of fetal echocardiography in the identification of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities prior to 16 weeks' gestation in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT). METHODS Between January 1996 and June 2002 early fetal echocardiography using the transvaginal route was performed at 12-16 weeks' gestation on 275 fetuses with increased NT. The abnormal cardiac findings were classified as either structural (congenital heart defects) or functional, defined as transient phenomena which might later disappear, such as isolated tricuspid regurgitation and an enlarged ascending aorta. The abnormal findings were related to pregnancy outcome, including autopsy results, karyotyping results, and late fetal and neonatal echocardiography. RESULTS Cardiac abnormalities were present in 61 fetuses overall (22.2%); including structural cardiac defects in 37 fetuses (13.5%) and functional abnormalities in 24 fetuses (8.7%). Structural cardiac abnormalities were associated with abnormal karyotype in 24 fetuses and normal karyotype in 13 fetuses. Of the 24 fetuses with functional cardiac abnormalities, 2 (8.3%) had isolated tricuspid regurgitation and 22 (91.7%) had enlarged ascending aorta. Abnormal karyotype was present in this group in 4 cases (16.7%). CONCLUSION Increased NT can be used to define a high-risk group that should receive specialized early fetal echocardiography. This is a reliable technique with great potential for the diagnosis of both structural and functional cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lopes
- Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, Brazil.
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Abstract
Previous studies had shown a correlation between infection with the human adeno-associated virus (AAV) and spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy. Furthermore, AAV DNA had been detected in cells of the human trophoblast lines, Jeg-3, JAr, and BeWo, in cells of the human amnion line, FL, and in trophoblasts from amnion fluids. Infectious AAV virions could be isolated from amnion fluids. To further analyse AAV infection during pregnancy, we tested material from Gestational Trophoblastic Disease for the presence of AAV DNA. With 63 tissue samples from patients from Brazil, including 49 hydatiform moles and 14 choriocarcinomas, nested PCR was performed to detect the presence of AAV DNA. In addition, 15 samples from spontaneous abortions were analysed. AAV DNA was found in 43 samples (28/49 hydatiform moles, 4/14 choriocarcinomas, 11/15 miscarriage material). These findings confirm AAV infection of embryo-derived tissue in humans and further suggest a role of AAV in miscarriage and trophoblastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kiehl
- Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Leite F, Sylte MJ, O'Brien S, Schultz R, Peek S, van Reeth K, Czuprynski CJ. Effect of experimental infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) on the ex vivo interaction of bovine leukocytes with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 84:97-110. [PMID: 11825601 PMCID: PMC7119861 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica A1 produces an extracellular leukotoxin (LKT) that is reported to bind the beta(2)-integrin CD11a/CD18 (LEA-1) on ruminant leukocytes. LKT binding induces activation, and subsequent cytolysis, of these cells. It is well known that active viral infection greatly increases the susceptibility of cattle to pasteurellosis. To better understand the mechanism by which this occurs, we investigated the effects of experimental in vivo infection of cattle with bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) on the ex vivo interaction of bovine leukocytes with the M. haemolytica LKT. In this study, we demonstrated that active BHV-1 infection increased the expression of the beta(2)-integrin CD11a/CD18 (as defined by the mAb BAT75) on bovine peripheral blood neutrophils, enhanced the binding of LKT to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocytes and peripheral blood neutrophils, and increased the killing of BAL leukocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes by LKT. In addition, BHV-1 greatly increased the number of BAL, resulting in many more LKT-responsive cells being present in the lungs. These findings might explain in part the increased susceptibility of BHV-1 infected cattle to pneumonic pasteurellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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33
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Schultz R, Mattila J, Gappa M, Verronen P. Development of progressive pulmonary interstitial and intra-alveolar cholesterol granulomas (PICG) associated with therapy-resistant chronic systemic juvenile arthritis (CJA). Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; 32:397-402. [PMID: 11596165 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A girl aged 5 years with therapy-resistant chronic systemic juvenile arthritis (CJA) developed progressive fibrosing lung disease. Histology of an open lung biopsy revealed pulmonary interstitial and intra-alveolar cholesterol granulomas (PICG). Since treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs did not prevent progression of lung fibrosis, an experimental treatment with a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) antagonist etanercept was started. Although development of chronic changes in the lung parenchyma could not be prevented, this treatment brought considerable relief and markedly improved the child's physical capacity. By ruling out other causes for development of PICG, we concluded that the primary disease had caused the development of cholesterol granulomata by macrophage activation. We suggest, therefore, that a trial with etanercept in children with otherwise therapy-resistant CJA should be considered, especially if pulmonary complications have developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
We report the expression of TrkA, TrkB and TrkC mRNAs in adult rat testis. With in situ hybridisation a low signal for TrkB and TrkC could be seen in postmeiotic cells of the seminiferous epithelium, whereas no signal for TrkA could be observed in untreated animals. Animals treated with hCG showed an induction of TrkA mRNA in premeiotic cells 12 h after the treatment, whereas an injection with EDS had no effect on the expression of Trk mRNAs. With the RNAse protection assay a low signal for TrkA was seen in whole testis of hCG treated animals. In staged tubules low expression was seen at stages VII-XI of untreated animals. Animals injected with hCG revealed that TrkA induction was highest during stages VIIcd and VIII of the cycle. The distinct expression pattern of these high-affinity neurotrophin receptors suggests different roles for neurotrophins during spermatogenesis. Induction of TrkA mRNA by hCG suggests that high-affinity binding of NGF during stages VIIcd-VIII in premeiotic cells is under control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Mesylates/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, trkA/genetics
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptor, trkB/genetics
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Receptor, trkC/genetics
- Receptor, trkC/metabolism
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Seminiferous Epithelium/chemistry
- Testis/chemistry
- Testis/cytology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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35
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Brizot ML, Schultz R, Patroni LT, Lopes LM, Armbruster-Moraes E, Zugaib M. Trisomy 10: ultrasound features and natural history after first trimester diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:672-5. [PMID: 11536269 DOI: 10.1002/pd.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on the ultrasound features and natural history of trisomy 10. At 12 weeks' gestation in a routine scan examination, the fetus presented with increased nuchal translucency thickness, mild skin oedema, bilateral pleural effusion, marked micrognathia, cardiomegaly, unilateral talipes and reversed A-wave in the ductus venosus blood flow. Karyotyping on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) led to the diagnosis of trisomy 10, which was confirmed by fetal blood sampling at 22 weeks' gestation. As the parents opted to continue with the pregnancy, the natural history and following ultrasound features are described. This is the third case of trisomy 10 in the literature reporting on the physical features. The most frequent ultrasound findings presented in trisomy 10 are increased nuchal translucency, micrognathia, renal agenesis, facial cleft, limbabnormalities, cardiac defects and early severe growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brizot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of recent widowhood on weight, dietary intake, and habits. METHODS Participants included 58 recently widowed elderly subjects and 58 married subjects who were matched on age, sex, and race. Weight change from baseline and following widowhood, dietary intake, eating behavior, depression, and cognitive and physical functioning were assessed in a clinic interview. RESULTS Mean weight loss and the prevalence of weight loss were significantly higher among widowed participants. They ate more meals alone, more commercial meals per week, and fewer snacks and homemade meals. They also enjoyed their eating less. A significant difference between cases and controls was evident after adjusting for all the variables. Higher cognitive functioning score, younger age, and better appetite were protective against weight loss. DISCUSSION Widowed people were found to be at increased risk for weight loss. This may well be due to decreased appetite and enjoyment of their meals.
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Gryaznov S, Pongracz K, Matray T, Schultz R, Pruzan R, Aimi J, Chin A, Harley C, Shea-Herbert B, Shay J, Oshima Y, Asai A, Yamashita Y. Telomerase inhibitors--oligonucleotide phosphoramidates as potential therapeutic agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:401-10. [PMID: 11563055 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated using physical, chemical and biochemical assays various oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates, as potential telomerase inhibitors. Among the prepared compounds were 2'-deoxy, 2'-hydroxy, 2'-methoxy, 2'-ribo-fluoro, and 2'-arabino-fluoro oligonucleotide phosphoramidates, as well as novel N3'-->P5' thio-phosphoramidates. The compounds demonstrated sequence specific and dose dependent activity with IC50 values in the sub-nM to pM concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gryaznov
- Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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39
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Schultz R. Cardiovascular disease & depression. Aust Fam Physician 2001; 30:219-23. [PMID: 11301759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factor reduction may present a strategy for preventing depression. Risk factors for depression include cultural, social and personality as well as biochemical and pharmacological factors. Patients with cardiovascular disease have a high prevalence of depression. Depressed patients with cardiovascular disease have worse outcomes than other patients. OBJECTIVES To review the literature on depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, focusing on strategies to reduce the impact of this dual pathology. DISCUSSION Several mechanisms may explain the high prevalence of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, and why these patients experience worse outcomes. There is little evidence about the effectiveness of mental health promotion and illness prevention strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease. Implementation and evaluation of trial programs such as community mental health promotion, support groups, individual counselling, and treatment with psychotherapy and medication, will demonstrate which strategies are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Katherine Rural Medical Service, Northern Territory
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40
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Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K, Doyle M, FitzHugh W, Funke R, Gage D, Harris K, Heaford A, Howland J, Kann L, Lehoczky J, LeVine R, McEwan P, McKernan K, Meldrim J, Mesirov JP, Miranda C, Morris W, Naylor J, Raymond C, Rosetti M, Santos R, Sheridan A, Sougnez C, Stange-Thomann Y, Stojanovic N, Subramanian A, Wyman D, Rogers J, Sulston J, Ainscough R, Beck S, Bentley D, Burton J, Clee C, Carter N, Coulson A, Deadman R, Deloukas P, Dunham A, Dunham I, Durbin R, French L, Grafham D, Gregory S, Hubbard T, Humphray S, Hunt A, Jones M, Lloyd C, McMurray A, Matthews L, Mercer S, Milne S, Mullikin JC, Mungall A, Plumb R, Ross M, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Hillier LW, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Mardis ER, Fulton LA, Chinwalla AT, Pepin KH, Gish WR, Chissoe SL, Wendl MC, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Delehaunty A, Kramer JB, Cook LL, Fulton RS, Johnson DL, Minx PJ, Clifton SW, Hawkins T, Branscomb E, Predki P, Richardson P, Wenning S, Slezak T, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Olsen A, Lucas S, Elkin C, Uberbacher E, Frazier M, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Bouck JB, Sodergren EJ, Worley KC, Rives CM, Gorrell JH, Metzker ML, Naylor SL, Kucherlapati RS, Nelson DL, Weinstock GM, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Yada T, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Kawagoe C, Watanabe H, Totoki Y, Taylor T, Weissenbach J, Heilig R, Saurin W, Artiguenave F, Brottier P, Bruls T, Pelletier E, Robert C, Wincker P, Smith DR, Doucette-Stamm L, Rubenfield M, Weinstock K, Lee HM, Dubois J, Rosenthal A, Platzer M, Nyakatura G, Taudien S, Rump A, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Gu J, Hood L, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Davis RW, Federspiel NA, Abola AP, Proctor MJ, Myers RM, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Grimwood J, Cox DR, Olson MV, Kaul R, Raymond C, Shimizu N, Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Evans GA, Athanasiou M, Schultz R, Roe BA, Chen F, Pan H, Ramser J, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, McCombie WR, de la Bastide M, Dedhia N, Blöcker H, Hornischer K, Nordsiek G, Agarwala R, Aravind L, Bailey JA, Bateman A, Batzoglou S, Birney E, Bork P, Brown DG, Burge CB, Cerutti L, Chen HC, Church D, Clamp M, Copley RR, Doerks T, Eddy SR, Eichler EE, Furey TS, Galagan J, Gilbert JG, Harmon C, Hayashizaki Y, Haussler D, Hermjakob H, Hokamp K, Jang W, Johnson LS, Jones TA, Kasif S, Kaspryzk A, Kennedy S, Kent WJ, Kitts P, Koonin EV, Korf I, Kulp D, Lancet D, Lowe TM, McLysaght A, Mikkelsen T, Moran JV, Mulder N, Pollara VJ, Ponting CP, Schuler G, Schultz J, Slater G, Smit AF, Stupka E, Szustakowki J, Thierry-Mieg D, Thierry-Mieg J, Wagner L, Wallis J, Wheeler R, Williams A, Wolf YI, Wolfe KH, Yang SP, Yeh RF, Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, de Jong P, Catanese JJ, Osoegawa K, Shizuya H, Choi S, Chen YJ, Szustakowki J. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:860-921. [PMID: 11237011 DOI: 10.1038/35057062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14499] [Impact Index Per Article: 630.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lander
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent controversy with the use of intrathecal lidocaine has prompted the search for suitable ambulatory surgery alternatives. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical utility of intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine for outpatient transvaginal oocyte retrieval. METHODS Forty women enrolled and completed our prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 3.75 mg (0.5 mL of 0.75%) with fentanyl 25 microg versus hyperbaric lidocaine 30 mg (2.0 mL of 1.5%) with fentanyl 25 microg. Onset and level of sensory and motor block; time to ambulation, urination, and discharge; and intra- and postoperative complications (hypotension, pruritus, nausea, emesis, postdural puncture headache, post spinal pain syndrome [PSPS]) were recorded. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance, chi-squared, and Mann-Whitney U tests, with P <.05 considered significant. RESULTS In demographically similar groups, no differences were noted in times to onset and recovery of sensory and motor function, or complications; however, times to voiding and discharge were significantly longer in the bupivacaine group. Four and 2 patients in the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups, respectively, required intravenous analgesic supplementation. One patient in the lidocaine group experienced PSPS. CONCLUSIONS Although prolongation to voiding and discharge was observed, intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 3.75 mg with fentanyl 25 microg is a viable anesthetic for oocyte retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Tsen
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Morton CC, Christian SL, Donlon TA, Driscoll DJ, Fink JK, Gabriel JM, Gotway G, Greally JM, Hitchins MP, Howard HC, Ji Y, Leonard S, Lerner T, Magenis E, Malcolm S, Ohta T, Rainier S, Rees M, Riley B, Robinson WP, Saitoh S, Schultz R, Sell S, Sharp JD, Nicholls RD. Report of the fourth international workshop on human chromosome 15 mapping 1997. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 84:12-21. [PMID: 10343092 DOI: 10.1159/000015203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Morton
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Arris CE, Boyle FT, Calvert AH, Curtin NJ, Endicott JA, Garman EF, Gibson AE, Golding BT, Grant S, Griffin RJ, Jewsbury P, Johnson LN, Lawrie AM, Newell DR, Noble ME, Sausville EA, Schultz R, Yu W. Identification of novel purine and pyrimidine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with distinct molecular interactions and tumor cell growth inhibition profiles. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2797-804. [PMID: 10956187 DOI: 10.1021/jm990628o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substituted guanines and pyrimidines were tested as inhibitors of cyclin B1/CDK1 and cyclin A3/CDK2 and soaked into crystals of monomeric CDK2. O6-Cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058) was a competitive inhibitor of CDK1 and CDK2 with respect to ATP (Ki values: CDK1, 5 +/- 1 microM; CDK2, 12 +/- 3 microM) and formed a triplet of hydrogen bonds (i.e., NH-9 to Glu 81, N-3 to Leu 83, and 2-NH2 to Leu 83). The triplet of hydrogen bonding and CDK inhibition was reproduced by 2,6-diamino-4-cyclohexylmethyloxy-5-nitrosopyrimidine (NU6027, Ki values: CDK1, 2.5 +/- 0.4 microM; CDK2, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM). Against human tumor cells, NU2058 and NU6027 were growth inhibitory in vitro (mean GI50 values of 13 +/- 7 microM and 10 +/- 6 microM, respectively), with a pattern of sensitivity distinct from flavopiridol and olomoucine. These CDK inhibition and chemosensitivity data indicate that the distinct mode of binding of NU2058 and NU6027 has direct consequences for enzyme and cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Arris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Amir RE, Van den Veyver IB, Schultz R, Malicki DM, Tran CQ, Dahle EJ, Philippi A, Timar L, Percy AK, Motil KJ, Lichtarge O, Smith EO, Glaze DG, Zoghbi HY. Influence of mutation type and X chromosome inactivation on Rett syndrome phenotypes. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:670-9. [PMID: 10805343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We screened 71 sporadic and 7 familial Rett syndrome (RTT) patients for MECP2 mutations by direct sequencing and determined the pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in 39 RTT patients. We identified 23 different disease-causing MECP2 mutations in 54 of 71 (76%) sporadic patients and in 2 of 7 (29%) familial cases. We compared electrophysiological findings, cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry, and 13 clinical characteristics between patients carrying missense mutations and those carrying truncating mutations. Thirty-one of 34 patients (91%) with classic RTT had random XCI. Nonrandom XCI was associated with milder phenotypes, including a mitigated classic RTT caused by a rare early truncating mutation. Patients with truncating mutations have a higher incidence of awake respiratory dysfunction and lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Scoliosis is more common in patients with missense mutations. These data indicate that different MECP2 mutations have similar phenotypic consequences, and random XCI plays an important role in producing the full phenotypic spectrum of classic RTT. The association of early truncating mutations with nonrandom XCI, along with the fact that chimeric mice lacking methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) function die during embryogenesis, supports the notion that RTT is caused by partial loss of MeCP2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Amir
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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45
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Schultz R. Instruments make the cut--if you treat them right. Mater Manag Health Care 2000; 9:40. [PMID: 15323104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Spectrum Surgical Instruments Corp., Cleveland, USA
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46
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Korbage de Araujo MC, Schultz R, do Rosário Dias de Oliveira L, Ramos JL, Vaz FA. A risk factor for early-onset infection in premature newborns: invasion of chorioamniotic tissues by leukocytes. Early Hum Dev 1999; 56:1-15. [PMID: 10530902 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-3782(99)00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a prospective study of correlation between histopathological alterations of the placenta, risk factors and early-onset bacterial infections in 224 premature newborns. They used a mathematical model for evaluation and prediction of neonatal bacterial infection according to the localization in chorioamniotic tissues (chorioamniotic plate, amniotic membranes and umbilical cord) invaded by leukocytes. Septicemia, pneumonia or omphalitis were documented in 45 (20%) infected premature newborns and inflammatory lesions in the placenta were observed in all of them. In order of statistical significance, the most important variables for early-onset bacterial neonatal infection were invasion of the chorioamniotic plate, amniotic membranes and umbilical cord tissues by PMNL (P < 0.0000), premature rupture of membranes (P < 0.0000), birthweight lower than 1500 g (P < 0.0000), gestational age under 34 weeks (P < 0.0001), foul smell (P < 0.0038), no antibiotics before delivery (P < 0.0066) and intrapartum fever (P < 0.0087). By logistic stepwise multiple regression analysis, invasion of fetal chorioamniotic plate and of amniotic membranes by leukocytes were the only statistically significant variables. The probability of neonatal infection in premature newborns, when polymorphonuclear neutrophils were present in chorioamniotic plate and in amniotic membranes, was 62.5%, while the probability was 0.5% when these tissues were normal. These data suggest that histological chorioamnionitis has to be considered as an important risk factor for early-onset infection in premature newborns.
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MESH Headings
- Age of Onset
- Amnion/microbiology
- Amnion/pathology
- Bacteremia/epidemiology
- Bacteremia/microbiology
- Bacteremia/pathology
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Bacterial Infections/epidemiology
- Bacterial Infections/microbiology
- Bacterial Infections/pathology
- Chorioamnionitis/epidemiology
- Chorioamnionitis/microbiology
- Chorioamnionitis/pathology
- Chorion/microbiology
- Chorion/pathology
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Male
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology
- Pregnancy
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Umbilicus/microbiology
- Umbilicus/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Korbage de Araujo
- Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais do Instituto da Criança-HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide researchers who are not experts in psychometric theory with a concise guide to instrument selection, development and evaluation. Issues of context - factors related to the setting or population in which an instrument will be used - and psychometrics - the functioning of an instrument within a given context - are reviewed and discussed. Finally, four categories or types of instruments, and the psychometric analyses that are necessary for establishing the reliability and validity of each type, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Switzer
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Schultz R, Yan W, Toppari J, Völkl A, Gustafsson JA, Pelto-Huikko M. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in human and rat testis. Endocrinology 1999; 140:2968-75. [PMID: 10385388 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.7.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARalpha), a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, has been linked to lipid homeostasis and tumorigenesis in tissues with high expression of receptor protein. On the other hand, the role of PPARalpha in tissues with a lower expression is not well known. Here we demonstrate the localization of PPARalpha messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in developing and adult rat testis. Additionally, we demonstrate the expression of PPARalpha protein in adult human testis. Our experiments with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry reveal a complex distribution of PPARalpha in tubular and interstitial cells of both adult and developing rat testis. The overall expression is rather low but may be modified by exogenous or endogenous stimuli. An up-regulation of PPARalpha mRNA could be observed after stimulation with FSH. In the developing rat testis, a clear expression of PPARalpha mRNA was present from the first days after birth. Additionally, PPARalpha mRNA and protein increased toward adulthood. In adult human testis PPARalpha immunoreactivity (IR) was present in interstitial Leydig cells and tubular cells. In the seminiferous epithelium of adult human testis the expression of PPARalpha-IR could be seen in meiotic spermatocytes, spermatids and myoid peritubular cells. The findings of our study suggest that PPARalpha may be involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of tubular and interstitial cells in rat and human testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schultz
- Tampere University Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, Finland
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50
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Sausville EA, Zaharevitz D, Gussio R, Meijer L, Louarn-Leost M, Kunick C, Schultz R, Lahusen T, Headlee D, Stinson S, Arbuck SG, Senderowicz A. Cyclin-dependent kinases: initial approaches to exploit a novel therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 1999; 82:285-92. [PMID: 10454206 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been recognized as key regulators of cell cycle progression. Alteration and deregulation of CDK activity are pathogenic hallmarks of neoplasia. Therefore, inhibitors or modulators would be of interest to explore as novel therapeutic agents in cancer, as well as other hyperproliferative disorders. Flavopiridol is a semisynthetic flavonoid that emerged from an empirical screening program as a potent antiproliferative agent that mechanistic studies demonstrated to directly inhibit CDKs 1, 2, and 4 as a competitive ATP site antagonist. Initial clinical trials have shown that concentrations that inhibit cell proliferation and CDK activity in vitro can be safely achieved in humans, and additional clinical trials will establish its clinical potential. To address the need for additional chemotypes that may serve as lead structures for drugs that would not have the toxicities associated with flavopiridol, compounds with a similar pattern of cell growth inhibitory activity in the National Cancer Institute's in vitro anticancer drug screen have been recognized by the computer-assisted pattern recognition algorithm COMPARE and then screened for anti-CDK activity in a biochemical screen. The benzodiazepine derivative NSC 664704 (7,12-dihydro-indolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)-one) was revealed by that approach as a moderately potent (IC50 0.4 microM) inhibitor of CDK2, which in initial experiments shows evidence of causing cell cycle redistribution in living cells. NSC 664704 is, therefore, a candidate for further structural optimization, guided in part by understanding of the ATP-binding site in CDK2. This approach represents one way of combining empirical screening information with structure-based design to derive novel candidate therapeutic agents directed against an important cellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sausville
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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