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Rodrigues PB, Dátilo MN, Sant'Ana MR, Nogueira GADS, Marin RM, Nakandakari SCBR, de Moura LP, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DE. The Early Impact of Diets Enriched with Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Intestinal Inflammation and Tight Junctions. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109410. [PMID: 37364793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut has been suggested as the first organ to be affected by unbalanced diets contributing to the obesogenic process. This study aimed to test a short time-course exposition model to a known pro- or anti-inflammatory enriched fatty diet to understand the early gut alterations. Male mice were exposed to the chow diet (CT), high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet partially replaced on flaxseed oil (FS), rich in omega-3 (ω3), for 14 days. HF and FS increased the total body weight mass compared with the CT group, but FS reduced the epididymal fat depot compared to HF. The bioinformatics from mice and human databases showed the Zo1-Ocln-Cldn7 tight junctions as the main protein-triad. In the ileum, the HF diet has increased IL1β transcript and IL1β, TNFα, and CD11b proteins, but reduced the tight junctions (Zo1, Ocln, and Cld7) compared to the CT group. Despite the FS diet being partially efficient in protecting the ileum against inflammation, the tight junctions were increased, compared to the HF group. The GPR120 and GPR40 receptors were unaffected by diets, but GPR120 was co-localized on the surface of ileum macrophages. The short period of a high-fat diet was enough to start the obesogenic process, ileum inflammation, and reduce the tight junctions. Flaxseed oil did not protect efficiently against dysmetabolism. Still, it increased the tight junctions, even without alteration on inflammatory parameters, suggesting the protection against gut permeability during early obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Brito Rodrigues
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Neves Dátilo
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation in Resistance to Insulin - LICRI - Department of Internal Medicine - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Katashima CK, Silva VRR, Lenhare L, Marin RM, Carvalheira JBC. iNOS promotes hypothalamic insulin resistance associated with deregulation of energy balance and obesity in rodents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9265. [PMID: 28835706 PMCID: PMC5569114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)-mediated S-nitrosation of the metabolic signaling pathway has emerged as a post-translational modification that triggers insulin resistance in obesity and aging. However, the effects of S-nitrosation in controlling energy homeostasis are unknown. Thus, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the effects of S-nitrosation in insulin signaling pathway in the hypothalamus of rodents. Herein, we demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular infusion of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) promoted hypothalamic insulin signaling resistance and replicated the food intake pattern of obese individuals. Indeed, obesity induced S-nitrosation of hypothalamic IR and Akt, whereas inhibition of iNOS or S-nitrosation of insulin signaling pathway protected against hypothalamic insulin resistance and normalized energy homeostasis. Overall, these findings indicated that S-nitrosation of insulin signaling pathway is required to sustain hypothalamic insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciene Lenhare
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Araújo TG, Oliveira AG, Vecina JF, Marin RM, Franco ES, Abdalla Saad MJ, de Sousa Maia MB. Treatment with Parkinsonia aculeata combats insulin resistance-induced oxidative stress through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression in diet-induced obesity mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:93-101. [PMID: 27372351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPARγ/Cu(2+), Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gomes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Gabarra Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Falcato Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Eryvelton Souza Franco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mario J Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete de Sousa Maia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Araújo TG, de Oliveira AG, Vecina JF, Marin RM, Franco ES, Abdalla Saad MJ, de Sousa Maia MB. Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpineaceae) improves high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice through the enhancement of insulin signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 183:95-102. [PMID: 26940900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The search for natural agents that minimize obesity-associated disorders is receiving special attention. Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpineaceae) has long been used in Brazil as a hypoglycaemic herbal medicine, without any scientific basis. AIMS OF THE STUDY In this context, we aimed to use molecular and physiological methods to study the effect of a hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate from the aerial parts of Parkinsonia aculeata (HEPa/EtOAc) on insulin resistance in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Firstly, C57BL/6J mice were fed either with standard rodent chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 consecutive weeks. Then, the animals were treated with HEPa/EtOAc at two doses (125 and 250mg/kg/day) or metformin (200mg/kg/day) for 16 days. At the end of the experiment, body weight, fat pad weight, fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin (FSI) and leptin were measured. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also calculated. Glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed. The expression and phosphorylation of IRβ(tyr), Akt(ser473), AMPKα and PGC1α in liver, muscle and adipose tissue were determined by Western blot analyses. RESULTS Herein we demonstrate for the first time an improvement in insulin resistance following HEPa/EtOAc administration in obese mice, as shown by increased glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance, as well as an improvement in FSG, FSI, HOMA-IR and circulating leptin levels, which together are in part due to enhancement of the insulin signaling pathway in its main target tissues. Surprisingly, the increase in activation of the AMPKα-PGC1-α axis by HEPa/EtOAc was similar to that produced by metformin treatment in the liver and muscle tissues. CONCLUSION In conclusion, P. aculeata appears to be a source of therapeutic agent against obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gomes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Gabarra de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Falcato Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eryvelton Souza Franco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mario J Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
An RP-HPLC method for the analysis of adenosine (ADO) has been developed and validated. In the present study, we report an RP-HPLC-based method with modifications of mobile phase and shorter retention time that substantially improved the efficiency of ADO analysis. The HPLC separation of the ADO was achieved on a C18 column, using a mobile phase consisting of water, containing 7% v/v ACN, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column effluent was monitored by UV detection at 260 nm. A linear response was achieved over the concentration range of 0.25-100.00 micromol/L. The analytical method inter- and intra-run accuracy and precision were better than +/- 15%. The LOQ was 0.25 micromol/L, with ADO detection in the range of 6.25 pmol per sample. The method has been applied to the study of adenosine kinase (AK) kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Rocco SA, Velho JA, Marin RM, de Arruda Rolim Filho L, Vercesi AE, Rittner R, Franchini KG. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of a 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative (PD153035), a specific inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 817:297-302. [PMID: 15686998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The quinazoline derivative, 4-N-(3'-bromo-phenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (PD153035), has recently been identified as a potential drug for the treatment of proliferative disease. Here, we report a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based quantitative detection method for measurement of PD153035 levels in rat plasma. Sample pretreatment involved a two-step extraction with chloroform. The analytes were separated on a column packed with OmniSpher C18 material and eluted with acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate, pH 7.2 (70:30, v/v). The column effluent was monitored by UV detection at 330 nm. A linear response was achieved over the concentration range 0.50-100.00 microM using multilevel calibration with an internal standard. The analytical method inter- and intra-run accuracy and precision were better than +/-15%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.50 microM. The method has been applied to study the preclinical pharmacokinetics of this compound in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Aparecida Rocco
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Zeferino Vaz Street, Barao Geraldo, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Penny ME, Peerson JM, Marin RM, Duran A, Lanata CF, Lönnerdal B, Black RE, Brown KH. Randomized, community-based trial of the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without other micronutrients, on the duration of persistent childhood diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Pediatr 1999; 135:208-17. [PMID: 10431116 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether supplemental zinc, with or without additional micronutrients, affects the severity and duration of persistent childhood diarrhea and the rate of nutritional recovery. DESIGN The study was a community-based, double-blind, randomized trial implemented in a shanty town in Lima, Peru. Children aged 6 to 36 months with persistent (>/=14 days) diarrhea received daily, for 2 weeks, a placebo (group P, n = 136) or a supplement of 20 mg of zinc, either with (group Z+VM, n = 137) or without (group Z, n = 139) additional vitamins and minerals. Symptoms of illness were recorded daily, and biochemical and anthropometric assessments were completed at baseline and on day 15. RESULTS The treatment groups were similar at baseline with regard to the characteristics of the presenting episode, anthropometric data, and plasma zinc concentration. The children consumed, on average, 95% (group P), 94% (group Z), or 88% (group Z+VM) of the supplement (P <.001). The plasma zinc concentration did not change significantly from baseline to day 15 in group P (4 microg/dL) but increased by 38 microg/dL in group Z and 14 microg/dL in group Z+VM. The median duration of diarrhea after starting treatment was 1 day; among children who continued to have diarrhea, there was a significant effect of treatment on diarrheal duration (P =.04, analysis of covariance). Specifically, the duration of illness was significantly reduced by 28% in children in group Z (P =.01) and by 33% in girls in group Z+VM (P =.04). There were no differences in the severity of the episode by treatment group. CONCLUSION There was a significant reduction in the duration of persistent diarrhea in selected subgroups of zinc-supplemented ambulatory patients in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
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